Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING COLD OR FROST RESISTANCE OF FRUIT TREE AND
USE THEREOF
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and
specifically relates to a
solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree and use
thereof in preventing cold or
frost damage to a fruit tree.
BACKGROUND
In regions with subtropical humid monsoon climates, especially in southeastern
coastal areas
of southern China, temperature is variable and can vary greatly from day to
night. Especially in
recent years, the temperature often drops suddenly and sharply in winter, and
even drops to an
extremely low temperature below 0 C, causing cold or frost damage to
subtropical fruit trees such
as Dimocarpus longan Lour., Litchi chinensis Sonn. and Eriobotrya japonica
(Thunb.) Lindl., and
thus causing serious economic losses.
Such subtropical fruit trees have poor resistance to cold or frost. When the
temperature is
lower than 8 C, cell division is basically stopped to resist the stress by way
of plant-specific
transient dormancy. When the temperature is 4-8 C, There is slight frost
damage. However, when
a temperature below 5 C lasts for a long time, leaves are by damaged by frost
with sporadic
yellow signs, and young shoots, tender shoots, and even some mature branches
can also be
damaged or even frozen to death.
Measures for preventing frost damage to fruit trees mainly include: (1)
covering and warming:
covering entire plants, especially some seedlings, with a plastic film, a
sunshade net, a grass felt
and the like in winter, and soil can also be added at the base to protect the
root system, thereby
avoiding direct contact of the plant with cold air, frost, fog, ice and the
like. (2) Whitening trunks:
whitening of trunks is a very common antifreezing measure suitable for fruit
trees in both south
and north of China. With an effect of warming and preventing diseases and
insects, the whitening
is carried out on a trunk instead of a whole tree. Especially, the branches
above a frame should not
be whitened, or photosynthesis will be affected, producing a side effect. A
preparation of the
whitening agent is consisted of 10 parts of quicklime, 1 part of sulfur
powder, 1 part of salt, 0.1
parts of vegetable oil, and 20 parts of water. (3) Smudging: when frost comes,
a direct and
effective method is to make a fire by burning dry firewood and then put on wet
straws or the liker
to generate heat and smoke with 4-5 fires/mu soil. But this method is not
environmentally friendly,
and is not allowed in some places. (4) Covering surface soil: covering soil
between rows of fruit
trees with straw, wheat straw, hay, corn stalk and the like can stop a cold
wind from invading a
root neck, and reduce evaporation of soil water to maintain moisture and
increase temperature. (5)
1
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13
Physiological antifreeze measures: a base fertilizer should be applied as soon
as possible. An
organic fertilizer needs to be applied once on the roots after picking in the
whole orchard to fully
supplement nutrients and restore tree vigor as soon as possible, so that
enough nutrients can be
stored before frost to improve tree resistance to frost.
The measures above have a certain effect on prevention of frost damage to
fruit trees, but
effects are significantly different in different regions under different
climatic conditions. Moreover,
these measures require a lot of labor and time which cannot ensure quick
protection of the fruit
trees in the entire orchard when the temperature suddenly drops.
SUMMARY
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a solution for improving cold or frost
resistance of a fruit
tree which can quickly and easily prevent frost damage to a fruit tree. The
solution should help
resist cold or frost by quick application thereof to fruit trees in an entire
orchard before a sudden
drop of temperature.
To achieve the above objective, the present invention provides the following
technical
solutions:
A solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree, having
active components
including two or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer
and potassium
dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree
includes the diethyl
aminoethyl hexanoate, the algin foliar fertilizer, the potassium dihydrogen
phosphate and water in
a mass ratio of 1:(40-60):(40-60):(4x104-6x104). A preparation method thereof
includes taking 1
part of pure diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 40-60 parts of algin foliar
fertilizer and 40-60 parts of
potassium dihydrogen phosphate, adding 40,000-60,000 parts of water, stirring
to complete
dissolution.
Further, use of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit
tree in preventing
cold or frost damage to a fruit tree is provided.
A use method is that, when a weather forecast announces a future temperature
of lower than 3-
C, or 2-3 days before a cold wave, the solution is evenly sprayed on a whole
tree body of the
fruit tree, including branches and both sides of leaves and spraying can be
repeated once every 5-6
days.
A spraying amount of the solution depends on size of the tree body, with 1.2-
1.3 kg of the
solution for each 3-year-old fruit tree, 2.0-2.5 kg of the solution for each 5-
year-old fruit tree, and
4.5-5.5 kg of the solution for each 8-year-old fruit tree.
The fruit tree may be a subtropical fruit tree, including Citrus reticulata
Blanco, Dimocarpus
2
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13
longan Lour., Litchi chinensis Sonn., Musa nana Lour., Eriobotrya japonica
(Thunb.) Lindl. or
Hylocereus undatus.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The present invention solves the problem that a fruit tree would be
damaged at a
continuous low temperature or an extremely low temperature, causing death of a
tree body, or a
weak tree body and thus resulting in a low yield in a following year and the
like.
(2) The solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree has
simple preparations,
low cost, and remarkable cold or frost resisting effects for fruit trees.
(3) In addition to effectively preventing a fruit tree from damage due to
frost and significantly
reducing a death rate, the present invention can also enhance disease
resistance of a plant and
promote better overall growth of the plant with a high yield, thereby
improving economic benefits.
(4) The solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree of the
present invention is
easy to use, and can be sprayed by a self-priming pesticide sprayer with an
easy operation, a long
spray distance and high efficiency, which reduces time and labor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a fruit tree without spraying a solution for improving cold or
frost resistance
which is affected by cold according to the detailed description.
Figure 2 shows a tree sprayed with the solution for improving cold or frost
resistance
according to the detailed description after a cold wave.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In order to describe the technical contents, the objectives to be achieved and
effects of the
technical solution in detail, the following detailed description is further
provided with reference to
specific examples and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Fujian Province of China was a region with subtropical humid monsoon climate,
where a
temperature was variable and can vary greatly from day to night. Especially in
recent years, the
temperature often dropped suddenly and sharply in winter, and even dropped to
an extremely low
temperature. From 2016 to January and February of 2018, there were often
continuous frost days
at a low temperature, where the southeastern coastal area showed a lowest
temperature of -1 C-
3 C, and many inner mountainous areas showed a lowest temperature of below -4
C-10 C. Ice and
snow did not melt for days, causing general cold or frost damage to
subtropical evergreen fruit
trees such as Dimocarpus longan Lour., Litchi chinensis Sonn. and Eriobotrya
japonica (Thunb.)
Lindl.. The range and extent of the cold damage or the frost damage had
exceeded those in
previous years, causing serious economic losses.
3
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13
At the beginning of 2016, the Huangtailinguo Speicial Cooperative in Yongchun
County had a
lowest temperature of -1 C in the mountainous area at night due to a sudden
draft of cold air.
There was not enough time to take measures to prevent cold or frost, and as a
result, more than 400
of the 2,000 fruit trees planted there were frozen to death, and up to 600
trees were seriously
damaged, causing losses of more than 200 million RMB.
On February 3, 2018, the local weather bureau issued a warning that there
would be a cold air
on February 5-8 which is the strongest spring cold in 57 years, and a lowest
temperature in the
mountainous area at night was expected to be below -2 C.
In order to prevent the fruit trees from frozen, a solution for improving cold
or frost resistance
of a fruit tree was prepared 2 days before the cold wave with a formula of
diethyl aminoethyl
hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and water
in a mass ratio of
1:50:50:50,000. Specifically, 100 g of pure diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-
6), 5,000 g of algin
foliar fertilizer and 5,000 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate were poured
into a cement pond.
5,000 kg of water was added and well stirred until complete dissolution was
achieved. 5,000 kg of
the solution for improving cold or frost resistance was formed as shown in
FIG. 1. In order to
ensure that the solution for improving cold or frost resistance produced no
precipitation and was
mixed evenly, a water circulation mixer was added to the cement pond.
The solution for improving cold or frost resistance was introduced to a self-
priming pesticide
sprayer, and a water pipe in connection with a high pressure gun is connected
to the outlet of the
cement pond, to implement spraying. With a spray radius of 60 m and one person
holding one gun,
1,750 kg of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance can be sprayed
on about 1,000 fruit
trees in 4 hours. With two persons and two guns, 3,500 kg of the solution for
improving cold or
frost resistance can be sprayed on about 2,000 fruit trees in 4 hours.
There were more than 1,800 subtropical evergreen fruit trees in the orchard
(about 800 Litchi
chinensis Sonn., about 600 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and about 400
Hylocereus
undatus). With one person holding one gun, the whole orchard was sprayed with
the solution for
improving cold or frost resistance in 4 hours. On February 5-8, the cold air
came. The highest
temperature in the orchard during the day was 7 C and the lowest temperature
at night was -2 C.
In that year, only 100 of the more than 1,800 fruit trees were frozen to death
after the cold wave
due to spray of this solution for improving cold or frost resistance. The
death rate fell greatly from
35.0% without a protection measure to 5.0%. Moreover, the damage rate due to
cold or frost and
loss rate due to death were significantly lower for the fruit trees sprayed
with the solution for
improving cold or frost resistance compared with other measures for preventing
cold or frost as
shown in Table 1.
4
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13
The freezing symptoms of the more than 100 fruit trees damaged by frost were
significantly
slighter than those in 2016, in which the bark and the xylem were not
completely frozen to death,
the degree of bark cracking was significantly reduced, and the leaves still
looked a bit green. After
the weather got warm, the survived fruit trees had new shoots in a short time
and the tree bodies
were restored, thereby avoiding various economic losses. The leaves of the
fruit trees nearby
which were not protected by this technique looked like burned, as the cells
lost their swelling
pressure, the tissues were soft, and the leaves turned brown. Even if remedial
measures were taken,
the death rate of the fruit trees was still up to 20-30%. A fruit tree without
protective measures and
a fruit tree sprayed with the solution for improving cold or frost resistance
after the cold wave
were shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 respectively.
Table 1 Investigation of cold resisting effects of different technical
measures on young Litchi
chinensis Sonn.
Cold resisting Number of Number of Number Number of Number Rate of Rate of
measures plants plants of plants --
cold -- of frost plants loss due
investigated affected by and
damaged damaged affected to death
cold or frost seedlings by cold (%)
died or frost
(%)
No measure 80 58 28 33 25 72.5 35.0
Spray with the 80 16 4 11 5 20.0 5.0
solution for
improving cold
or frost resistance
Coverage with 80 46 23 28 18 57.5 28.7
grass
Additional 80 42 22 26 16 52.5 27.5
application of
base fertilizer
Whitening of 80 36 18 21 15 45.0 22.5
trunks
Smudging 80 34 18 20 14 42.5 22.5
Brushing with a 80 30 12 20 10 37.5 15.0
frost resistant
agent for plants
Example 2
A solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree was prepared
with a formula of
diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen
phosphate and water in
a mass ratio of 1:40:60:40,000. Specifically, 100 g of pure diethyl aminoethyl
hexanoate (DA-6),
4,000 g of algin foliar fertilizer and 6,000 g of potassium dihydrogen
phosphate were poured into a
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13
cement pond. 4,000 kg of water was added and well stirred until complete
dissolution was
achieved. 4,000 kg of the solution was formed. In order to ensure that the
solution produced no
precipitation and was mixed evenly, a water circulation mixer was added to the
cement pond.
The solution for improving cold or frost resistance was connected to a self-
priming pesticide
sprayer, and a water pipe in connection with a high pressure gun is connected
to the outlet of the
cement pond, to implement spraying.
When a weather forecast announced a future temperature of lower than 3-5 C, or
2-3 days
before a cold wave, the solution was evenly sprayed on a whole tree body,
including branches and
both sides of leaves and when there was a continuous low temperature, spraying
was repeated
every 5-6 days. 1.2-1.3 kg of the solution for frost resistance was sprayed on
each 3-year-old fruit
tree, while 2.0-2.5 kg of the solution was sprayed on each 5-year-old fruit
tree, and 4.5-5.5 kg of
the solution was sprayed on each 8-year-old fruit tree.
Spray of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance effectively
prevented the fruit trees
from cold or frost damage.
Example 3
A solution for improving cold or frost resistance of a fruit tree was prepared
with a formula of
diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, algin foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen
phosphate and water in
a mass ratio of 1:60:40:60,000. Specifically, 100 g of pure diethyl aminoethyl
hexanoate (DA-6),
6,000 g of algin foliar fertilizer and 4,000 g of potassium dihydrogen
phosphate were poured into a
cement pond. 6,000 kg of water was added and well stirred until complete
dissolution was
achieved.6,000 kg of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance was
formed. In order to
ensure that the solution for improving cold or frost resistance produced no
precipitation and was
mixed evenly, a water circulation mixer was added to the cement pond.
The solution for improving cold or frost resistance was introduced to a self-
priming pesticide
sprayer, and a water pipe in connection with a high pressure gun is connected
to the outlet of the
cement pond, to implement spraying.
When a weather forecast announced a future temperature of lower than 3-5 C, or
2-3 days
before a cold wave, the solution was evenly sprayed on a whole tree body,
including branches and
both sides of leaves and when there was a continuous low temperature, spraying
was repeated
every 5-6 days. 1.2-1.3 kg of the solution for frost resistance was sprayed on
each 3-year-old fruit
tree, while 2.0-2.5 kg of the solution was sprayed on each 5-year-old fruit
tree, and 4.5-5.5 kg of
the solution was sprayed on each 8-year-old fruit tree.
Spray of the solution for improving cold or frost resistance effectively
prevented the fruit trees
from cold or frost damage.
6
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13
In summary, the solution for improving cold or frost resistance of the present
invention can
effectively prevent cold or frost damage to fruit trees and reduce economic
losses in an orchard
due to cold weather.
The fruit trees planted in the south, especially in Fujian Province, are
subtropical evergreen
fruit trees which are susceptible to cold or frost damage in winter. Fruit
trees suitable for planting
in the north are more cold tolerant and less susceptible to cold or frost
damage, but this solution for
improving cold or frost resistance of the present invention can also be used
for protection.
It should be noted that although the above examples have been described
herein, the
protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Therefore,
based on the innovative
ideas of the present invention, variations and modifications of the examples
described herein, or
equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the
contents of the
description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect
application of the above
technical solutions to other related technical fields are all included in the
protection scope of the
present invention.
7
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-13
