Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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A Sunscreen Composition
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a sunscreen composition. Particularly, the
present invention relates to a sunscreen composition that provides improved
ultraviolet (UV) A protection factor (UVAPF).
Background of the invention
People often try to take care of themselves and of their external surfaces
e.g.
skin and scalp including hairs, with a desire of enjoying healthy lifestyle.
Specific skin related issues that people are concerned about include healthy
and infection-free skin, good skin tone, adequate moisturization and
protection
from UV radiation contained in the sunlight.
Sunlight comprises infrared region (700 nm to 1 mm), visible region (380 to
780
nm) and UV region (100 to 400 nm). The UV region is composed of UVC (100
to 280 nm), UVB (280 to 315 nm) and UVA (315 to 400 nm). While the human
body needs some UV radiation for synthesis / maintenance of adequate amount
of vitamin D, harmful effects of UV typically outweighs the benefits. An
excessive exposure to UVB is said to cause direct damage to DNA and cause
sunburn too; and an excessive exposure to UVA is said to give rise to
immediate pigment darkening and delayed tanning effect. In addition, UVA is
also said to cause DNA damages via oxidation reactions that involve reactive
oxygen species (Zhang et al., 1997, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 23, 980-
985).
It is for reasons like these that people are inclined towards avoiding
exposure to
sunlight as much as possible. However, in many instances, avoiding exposure
to sunlight is very difficult and at times; impossible. It is for such
unavoidable
reasons, people tend to make use of various topical compositions e.g.
sunscreen composition, that offer at least some protection against unwanted
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effects caused by excessive exposure to UV radiations contained in sunlight.
These compositions comprise sunscreens that absorb UV radiations and
prevent them from reaching a surface e.g. skin of a user on which the
composition is applied.
Organic sunscreens e.g. 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM)
absorb the UVA radiation. The ability of a sunscreen to provide protection by
absorbing UVA radiation is expressed in terms of UVA protection factor
(UVAPF). On the other hand, organic sunscreens, e.g. 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-
3,3-diphenylacrylate (OCR) and octyl methoxycinnamate (MCX) absorb the
UVB radiation. The ability of a sunscreen to provide protection by absorbing
UVB radiation is expressed in terms of sun protection factor (SPF).
EP 2 431 021 (Unilever) discloses a high SPF sunscreen composition
comprising less than 8% total organic sunscreens comprising
dibenzoylmethane or its derivative, an oil soluble UV-B organic sunscreen, non-
ionic surfactant selected from the class of fatty alcohol ethoxylates with
saturated carbon chain and having HLB higher than 15.5 or from the class of
fatty alcohol ethoxylates with unsaturated carbon chain with HLB higher than
12, a polymer of the class of acrylate/R-methacrylate copolymer; or an
acrylate/
R-alkyl acrylate crosspolymer and a cosmetically acceptable base. The
compositions disclosed therein aim at providing a SPF higher than 15 without
compromising on the desired skin sensorial properties.
WO 03/ 080009 (Unilever) discloses cosmetic compositions comprising organic
sunscreens along with a 4-substituted resorcinol derivatives in a cosmetically
acceptable base. The compositions exhibit improved storage stability and
oxidative stability. WO 03/080009 particularly discloses a combination of
butylmethoxy dibenzoylmethane, octyl methoxycinnamate, stearic acid and 4-
substituted resorcinol.
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WO 11/147738 (Unilever) relates to sunscreen compositions that provide SPF
(equal to or greater than 15) and high UVAPF (equal to or higher than 4). WO
11/ 147738 discloses a solid sunscreen composition comprising butylmethoxy
dibenzoylmethane, a nonionic surfactant of select class, a polymer of select
class in a cosmetically acceptable base. WO 11/147738 further discloses a
non-solid sunscreen composition comprising dibenzoylmethane or its derivative,
a nonionic surfactant of select class, a fatty acid and a cosmetically
acceptable
base.
WO 16/142129 (Unilever) discloses a combination of 012-020 fatty acid with
012-020 fatty acid soap, white pigment e.g. titanium dioxide in a cosmetically
acceptable carrier wherein the mole ratio of soap to fatty acid is from 0.23
to
0.5. WO 16/142129 solves the problem of providing photoprotection whilst
maintaining the sensorial properties of the compositions when pigments like
titanium dioxide are added to fatty acid containing compositions.
Despite efforts thus far, compositions that provide improved UVAPF remains a
topic of interest.
Need therefore exists to develop a sunscreen composition that provides
improved UVAPF.
It has now been found that a composition comprising a compound selected from
resorcinol, phenylethyl resorcinol, 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol and
mixtures
thereof along with UVA organic sunscreen, UVB organic sunscreen of select
class, fatty acid and soap, provides improved UVAPF.
Summary of the invention
In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a sunscreen composition
comprising:
a. 0.1 to 5 wt% UVA organic sunscreen,
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b. 0.1 to 10 wt% 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate,
c. 0.1 to 2.5 wt% of a compound selected from resorcinol,
phenylethyl resorcinol, 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol and mixtures
thereof,
d. 4 to 25 wt% fatty acid; and
e. 0.1 to 10 wt% soap.
In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method of providing
improved UVAPF, the method comprising applying on the skin a sunscreen
composition of the first aspect and optionally, rinsing with water.
In a third aspect, the present invention relates to use of the composition of
the
first aspect for providing improved UVAPF.
Detailed description of the invention
Any feature of one aspect of the present invention may be utilized in any
other
aspect of the invention. The word "comprising" is intended to mean "including"
but not necessarily "consisting of" or "composed of." In other words, the
listed
steps or options need not be exhaustive. Except in the operating and
comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in
this description indicating amounts of material or conditions of reaction,
physical
properties of materials and/or use are to be understood as modified by the
word
"about". Numerical ranges expressed in the format "x to y" are understood to
include x and y. When for a specific feature multiple preferred ranges are
described in the format "x to y", it is understood that all ranges combining
the
different endpoints are also contemplated.
Unless specified otherwise, amounts as used herein are expressed in
percentage by weight based on total weight of the composition and is
abbreviated as "wt%".
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The use of any and all examples or exemplary language e.g. "such as" provided
herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not in
any
way limit the scope of the invention otherwise claimed.
5 .. In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a sunscreen
composition
comprising:
a. 0.1 to 5 wt% UVA organic sunscreen,
b. 0.1 to 10 wt% 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate,
c. 0.1 to 2.5 wt% of a compound selected from resorcinol,
phenylethyl resorcinol, 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol and mixtures
thereof,
d. 4 to 25 wt% fatty acid; and
e. 0.1 to 10 wt% soap.
UVA organic sunscreen
The composition according to the present invention (the composition) comprises
UVA organic sunscreen that absorbs UVA radiations and prevents them from
reaching a surface e.g. skin of a user.
Examples of sunscreens that may be used as UVA organic sunscreen in the
composition are dibenzoylmethane compound, bisdisulizole disodium
(commercially available as Neo Heliopan AP), diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl
hexyl benzoate (commercially available as Uvinul A Plus), Ecamsule
(commercially available as Mexoryl SX) and Methyl anthranilate.
Preferably, sunscreen that may be used as UVA organic sunscreen is selected
from a dibenzoylmethane compound, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl
benzoate, and mixtures thereof.
More preferably, sunscreen that may be used as UVA organic sunscreen is
selected from BMDM (commercially available as Parsol 1789 or Avobenzone),
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2-methyldibenzoylmethane, 4-isopropyldibenzoyl-methane, 4-tert-
butyldibenzoylmethane, 2,4-dimethyldibenzoylmethane, 2,5-
dimethyldibenzoylmethane, 4,4'-diisopropyl-dibenzoylmethane, 2-methy1-5-
isopropy1-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane, 2-methy1-5-tert-buty1-4'-methoxy-
dibenzoyl methane, 2,4-dimethy1-4'-methoxy dibenzoylmethane, 2,6-dimethy1-
4-tert-buty1-4'-methoxy-dibenzoylmethane and mixtures thereof.
Most preferably, sunscreen that may be used as UVA organic sunscreen is
BMDM.
The composition comprises 0.1 to 5 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 4.5 wt%, more
preferably 1 to 4 wt%, even more preferably 1 to 3.5 wt%, further more
preferably 1 to 3 wt%, still more preferably 1 to 2.5 wt% of one or more UVA
organic sunscreens.
2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (OCR)
The composition comprises OCR (commercially available as OctocryleneTM)
that absorbs UVB radiation and prevents them from reaching a surface e.g.
skin.
The composition comprises 0.1 to 10 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 9 wt%, more
preferably 1 to 8 wt%, even more preferably 1.5 to 7 wt%, further more
preferably 2 to 6 wt%, still more preferably 2.5 to 5 wt% and most preferably
3
to 4 wt% OCR.
Resorcinol, phenylethyl resorcinol (PER), 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol
The composition comprises a compound selected from resorcinol, PER, 4-alkyl
substituted resorcinol and mixtures thereof. Such compounds are known to
provide skin lightening effect.
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Preferably, the compound selected is 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol. The alkyl
group in 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol can be straight chain alkyl or
branched
chain alkyl. For example, the alkyl group can be straight chain alkyl as in
the
case of 4-propyl resorcinol or it can be a branched chain alkyl like as in the
case
.. of 4-isopropyl resorcinol (IPR).
Examples of 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol include 4-methyl resorcinol, 4-
ethyl
resorcinol (ER), 4-propyl resorcinol, IPR, 4-butyl resorcinol (BR), 4-pentyl
resorcinol, 4-hexyl resorcinol (HR), 4-heptyl resorcinol, 4-octyl resorcinol
and
mixtures thereof.
Preferred 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol are ER, BR, HR and mixtures thereof.
More preferred 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol are ER, HR and mixtures thereof.
.. It will be understood that the composition may comprise a combination of
one or
more compounds selected from resorcinol, PER and 4-alkyl substituted
resorcinol. For example, the composition may comprise one or more 4-alkyl
substituted resorcinol in presence or absence of resorcinol. Preferably, the
composition comprises one compound selected from resorcinol, PER, 4-alkyl
substituted resorcinol.
The composition comprises 0.1 to 2.5 wt%, preferably 0.1 to 2.25 wt%, more
preferably 0.25 to 2 wt%, even more preferably 0.25 to 1.5 wt%, further more
preferably 0.25 to 1 wt%, still more preferably 0.25 to 0.75 wt% and most
preferably 0.25 to 0.5 wt% resorcinol, PER, 4-alkyl substituted resorcinol and
mixtures thereof.
Fatty acid
The composition comprises fatty acid. Fatty acids when present in a
composition along with a soap provides the so called vanishing cream effect,
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i.e. a composition, when applied on to the human skin, vanishes on the skin
leaving behind no significant streaks of the composition.
The composition comprises fatty acids having carbon atoms preferably in the
range 10 to 22, more preferably 12 to 22, even more preferably 14 to 22,
further
more preferably 16 to 22, yet more preferably from 18 to 22. It is found that
a
fatty acid with increasing chain length provides increasing UVAPF and/or
increasing SPF.
.. Examples of fatty acids that may be used in the composition include lauric,
myristic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic, behenic,
erucic
acid and mixtures thereof.
Alternatively, the fatty acid that may preferably be used is stearic acid or
palmitic acid or a mixture thereof. The fatty acid in the present invention is
preferably hystric acid which is substantially (generally about 90 to 95%) a
mixture of stearic acid and palmitic acid in a ratio of between 55:45 to
45:55.
The composition comprises 4 to 25 wt%, preferably 6 to 22 wt%, more
.. preferably 8 to 20 wt%, even more preferably 10 to 19 wt% and further more
preferably 12 to 18 wt% fatty acid.
Soap
The composition comprises soap. Soap when present in combination with fatty
acid in the composition provides the so called vanishing effect.
Soap of the invention is generally prepared by in-situ neutralization of fatty
acid
present in the composition. Thus, it is preferred that the soap has a carbon
chain length that corresponds to the chain length of fatty acid in the
composition. The soap is formed from the fatty acid through use of alkali
metal
hydroxides e.g. sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Of the two,
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potassium hydroxide is more preferred. Thus, the soap is preferably a
potassium soap (potassium salt of fatty acid).
The composition comprises 0.1 to 10 wt%, preferably 1 to 8 wt%, more
preferably 2 to 7 wt%, even more preferably 2 to 6 wt%, further more
preferably
2 to 5 wt% and most preferably 2 to 4 wt% soap.
Preferably, the composition further comprises a nonionic surfactant having HLB
value in the range 9 to 20, preferably 10 to 19, more preferably 12 to 18,
even
more preferably 13 to 17 and yet more preferably 15 to 17.
HLB is calculated using the Griffin method wherein HLB = 20 x Mh / M wherein
Mh is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule and M is
the
molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on an arbitrary scale of
0
to 20. Typical values for various surfactants are given below:
A value <10 : Lipid soluble (water insoluble)
A value >10: Water soluble
A value from 4 to 8 indicates an anti-foaming agent
A value from 7 to 11 indicates a W/O (water in oil) emulsifier
A value from 12 to 16 indicates oil in water emulsifier
A value from 11 to 14 indicates a wetting agent
A value from 12 to 15 is typical of detergents
A value of 16 to 20 indicates a solubiliser or a hydrotrope.
Preferably, the nonionic surfactant having HLB value in the range 9 to 20 is
selected from fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates,
polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the
nonionic surfactants are ones with at least 9 alkylene oxide groups preferably
at
least 9 ethylene oxide groups.
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Examples of fatty alcohol ethoxylates that may be used as nonionic surfactants
in the composition include polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (HLB= 16.9;
commercially available as Brij 35), polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (HLB=16;
commercially available as Brij 58), polyethylene glycol octadecyl ether (HLB=
5 18.8; commercially available as Brij 700) and Laureth ¨9 (012E09;
HLB=14.3;
commercially available as Brij L9).
Examples of alkyl phenol ethoxylates that may be used as nonionic surfactant
in
the composition include octylphenol ethoxylate (HLB=15.5; commercially
10 available as TritonTm X165), octylphenol ethoxylate (HLB=17.6;
commercially
available as TritonTm X405) and octylphenol ethoxylate (HLB=18.4;
commercially available as Triton TM X705).
Examples of polyoxyethylene sorbitan alkyl esters that may be used as the
nonionic surfactant in the composition include polyoxyethylenesorbitan
monolaurate (HLB=13.3; commercially available as Tween 21),
polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate (HLB=16.7; commercially available as
Tween 20), Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monopalmitate (HLB=15.6; commercially
available as Tween 40) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (HLB=
14.9; commercially available as Tween 60).
More preferably, the nonionic surfactant having HLB value in the range 9 to 20
that may be present in the composition is fatty alcohol ethoxylate with
saturated
carbon chain having HLB higher than 15.5.
Preferably, the composition comprises 0.5 to 5 wt%, more preferably 1 to 4
wt%, even more preferably from 2 to 3 wt% nonionic surfactant having HLB in
the range 9 to 20.
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Preferably, the composition further comprises a polymer. The polymer acts as
thickener in the composition and improves sensorial properties of the
composition.
The polymer is preferably selected from the following classes:
- acrylate / R-methacrylate copolymer e.g. acrylates/ steareth-20
methacrylate copolymer (commercially available as AculynTM 22) and
acrylates/ beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer (commercially available
as Aculyn TM 28),
- acrylate / R-methacrylate crosspolymer e.g. acrylates/steareth-20
methacrylate crosspolymer (commercially available as AculynTM 88),
- acrylates copolymer (commercially available as AculynTM 33),
- acrylate/R-alkyl acrylate crosspolymer e.g. acrylates/C10-030 alkyl
acrylate crosspolymer (commercially available as PemulenTM TR-2),
- copolymer of ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate with vinyl pyrrolidone
(commercially available as Aristoflex AVC),
- copolymer of sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate with vinyl pyrrolidone
(commercially available as Aristoflex AVS); and
- crosspolymer of acryloyldimethyltaurate with R-alkyl acrylate and
methyacrylate e.g. Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/ beheneth-25
methacrylate crosspolymer (commercially available as Aristoflex HMB
and Aristoflex BLV); and mixtures thereof.
More preferably, the polymer is selected from acrylate / R-methacrylate
copolymer, acrylates copolymer and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the composition comprises 0.1 to 5 wt%, more preferably 0.5 to 4.5
wt%, even more preferably 1 to 4 wt%, further more preferably from 1.5 to 3.5
wt%, still more preferably from 2 to 3 wt% polymer.
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Preferably, the composition comprises a cosmetically acceptable vehicle that
includes water and may be present in the composition in amount 5 to 99.9 wt%,
preferably 10 to 95 wt%, more preferably 15 to 90 wt%, even more preferably 20
to 80 wt%, further more preferably 25 to 75 wt% and still more preferably 30
to
70 wt%.
Preferably, the composition further comprises one or more skin lightening
agents. These one or more skin lightening agents may be selected from
niacinamide, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin A, glutathione precursors,
galardin,
adapalene, aloe extract, ammonium lactate, arbutin, azelaic acid, butyl
hydroxy
anisole, butyl hydroxy toluene, citrate esters, deoxyarbutin, 1,3-diphenyl
propane derivatives, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives, 2-(4-
acetoxypheny1)-1,3-dithiane, 2-(4-hydroxypheny1)-1,3-dithiane, ellagic acid,
gluco pyranosy1-1-ascorbate, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, green tea extract,
4-
Hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2H]uranone, 4-hydroxyanisole and its derivatives, 4-
hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycaprylic acid, inositol ascorbate,
lactic
acid, lemon extract, linoleic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, 5-octanoyl
salicylic acid, salicylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzyl derivatives,
acetylglucosamine, pitera extract, symwhite, calcium pantothenate (Melano-
block), seppiwhite, soybean extract (bowman birk inhibitor), 12-hydroxystearic
acid and mixtures thereof. When used in the composition, 12-hydroxystearic
acid is used as a skin lightening agent and not as a fatty acid.
Preferably, skin lightening agents that may be used in the composition are
niacinamide, vitamin B6, 12-hydroxystearic acid, glutathione precursors,
galardin and mixtures thereof.
When incorporated in the composition, a skin lightening agent may be added in
an amount 0.001 to 15 wt%, preferably 0.01 to 10 wt%, more preferably 0.1 to 5
wt%, even more preferably 0.5 to 3 wt%, in the composition.
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Preferably, the composition further comprises emollients. Examples of
emollients that may be used in the composition include stearyl alcohol,
glyceryl
monoricinoleate, mink oil, cetyl alcohol, isopropyl isostearate, isobutyl
palmitate,
isocetyl stearate, oleyl alcohol, isopropyl laurate, hexyl laurate, decyl
oleate,
octadecan-2-ol, isocetyl alcohol, eicosanyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cetyl
palmitate, silicone oils such as dimethylpolysiloxane, din-butyl sebacate,
isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, butyl stearate,
polyethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, lanolin, cocoa butter, corn oil,
cotton
seed oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil, rape seed oil, safflower seed oil,
evening
primrose oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, avocado oil, sesame seed oil,
coconut oil, arachis oil, castor oil, acetylated lanolin alcohols, petroleum
jelly,
mineral oil, butyl myristate, isopropyl linoleate, lauryl lactate, myristyl
lactate,
decyl oleate, myristyl myristate and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the composition further comprises solvents. Examples of solvents
that may be used in the composition include ethyl alcohol, isopropanol,
acetone,
ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene
glycol monoethyl ether and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the composition further comprises powders. Examples of powders
that may be used in the composition include chalk, talc, fullers earth,
kaolin,
starch, gums, colloidal silica sodium polyacrylate, tetra alkyl and/or
trialkyl aryl
ammonium smectites, chemically modified magnesium aluminium silicate,
organically modified montmorillonite clay, hydrated aluminium silicate, fumed
silica, carboxyvinyl polymer, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene glycol
monostearate and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the composition further comprises preservatives to protect against
the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms. Examples of ingredients that
may be used as preservatives in the composition include alkyl esters of
para-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydantoin derivatives, propionate salts, and a
variety
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of quaternary ammonium compounds. More preferably, ingredients that may be
used as preservative in the composition are sodium benzoate, iodopropynyl
butyl
carbamate, methylisothiazolinone, iodopropynylbutylcarbamate, phenoxyethanol,
methyl paraben, propyl paraben, imidazolidinyl urea, sodium dehydroacetate,
ethylhexylglycerin, benzyl alcohol, alkane diols and mixtures thereof. The
alkane
diols that are suitable for use as preservative are 06-012 al kanes that are
vicinally substituted with hydroxy groups. Illustrative examples include 1,2-
octane diol (caprylyl glycol), 2,3-octane diol, 1,2-nonane diol, 1,2-decane
diol,
1,2-hexane diol, 3,4-octane diol, mixtures thereof or the like where caprylyl
glycol
is typically the most preferred.
When present in the composition, preservatives are added preferably in an
amount 0.001 to 5 wt%, more preferably 0.01 to 3 wt% and most preferably 0.02
to 2 wt%.
The composition may further comprise a range of other optional ingredients
that
include antioxidants, binders, biological additives, buffering agents,
colorants,
astringents, fragrance, opacifying agents, conditioners, exfoliating agents,
pH
adjusters, skin soothing agents, and skin healing agents.
The composition is preferably formulated in the form of a powder, flake,
lotion,
cream, gel or mousse. More preferably, the composition is formulated in the
form of cream or lotion and most preferably in the form of cream. The
composition can be a leave-on or wash-off type of composition. The
composition is preferably a leave-on type of composition. The packaging for
the
composition of this invention can be a patch, bottle, tube, roll-ball
applicator,
propellant driven aerosol device, squeeze container or lidded jar.
It is found that a resorcinol, phenylethyl resorcinol, 4-alkyl substituted
resorcinol
and mixtures thereof improve the UVAPF when present in the composition
according to the first aspect. It is also found that such improved UVAPF is
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obtained only when OCR was used in presence of UVA organic sunscreen. An
improved UVAPF was not obtained when other UVB organic sunscreen e.g.
MCX was used instead of OCR. OCR is known to stabilize dibenzoylmethane
compound, e.g. BMDM. It is found that improvement in UVAPF obtained in
5 presence of a compound selected from resorcinol, phenylethyl resorcinol,
4-
alkyl substituted resorcinol and mixtures thereof, is over and above the UVAPF
obtained when OCR is used instead of MCX in the same composition. Thus, it
is surprising that replacing one UVB sunscreen, i.e. MCX, with another UVB
sunscreen, i.e. OCR, has surprisingly resulted in improved UVAPF where
10 delivering UVAPF is a function of UVA sunscreen.
Preferably, the sunscreen composition is a composition comprising:
a. 0.1 to 5 wt% dibenzoylmethane compound,
b. 0.1 to 10 wt% 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate,
15 c. 0.1 to 2.5 wt% a compound selected from BR, ER, HR and
mixtures thereof,
d. 4 to 25 wt% fatty acid; and
e. 0.1 to 10 wt% soap.
More preferably, the sunscreen composition is a composition comprising:
a. 0.1 to 5 wt% 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane,
b. 0.1 to 10 wt% 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate,
c. 0.1 to 2.5 wt% a compound selected from ER, HR and mixtures
thereof,
d. 4 to 25 wt% fatty acid; and
e. 0.1 to 10 wt% soap.
In a second aspect, the present invention further relates to a method of
providing improved UVAPF, wherein the method comprises the step of:
a. applying on to the skin a sunscreen composition of the first
aspect; and
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b. optionally, rinsing with water.
The present invention also provides a method of providing improved UVAPF
comprising the steps of applying the composition of the first aspect on to a
surface e.g. skin, in case of a leave-on composition. This method optionally
comprises an additional step of at least partially removing the composition
from
the surface if it is in the form of a wash-off composition. Preferably, the
method
is non-therapeutic or cosmetic. When the composition is applied on to the
skin,
an improved UVAPF is obtained.
In a third aspect, the present invention relates to use of the composition of
the
first aspect for improved UVAPF.
The present invention now will be demonstrated by way of following non-
limiting
examples.
Examples
Protocols
Preparation of composition
Briefly, the composition as per the present invention was prepared as follows:
Demineralised water and potassium hydroxide were charged in a beaker (main
beaker) mounted on a magnetic stirrer and heater. The water phase was heated
to 75 C and maintained at the same temperature. In a side pot, a fatty acid
mentioned in examples below was heated to 75 C for melting and was added to
.. the main beaker maintained at 75 C. The system was stirred for 5 minutes at
75 C. The sunscreens as mentioned in examples, other oil soluble ingredients
and nonionic surfactant were taken in a separate beaker and heated to 65 to
70 C for melting. They were mixed well and were added to the main beaker.
Stirring was continued for another 5 minutes at 75 C. The stirrer and heater
were switched off and mixing was done manually until temperature reached
ambient (25 C).
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Measurement of In-vitro SPF / UVA-PF
Thin film transmittance measurements were done using SPF-290S SPF meter
(Optometrics Corporation). In this study, 70 x 70 mm PMMA plate with 6 pm
roughness from Schonberg GmbH & Co were used. The percent transmittance
.. of the various compositions was measured as follows. 2 mg/cm2 of a test
sample was applied on PMMA plate, distributed uniformly using a syringe, and
spread uniformly. The drying time for the PMMA plates was 30 minutes. After
the drying time, sample plates were exposed to UV light and transmittance scan
was recorded. This scan gives the transmittance as a function of wavelength
(290 to 400 nm) for a given sample. For a single plate, six to eight different
spots were scanned. The same was repeated for 3 plates. The data reported is
thus an average over 18 readings. The reference transmittance scan was
obtained using a blank plate, with no sample on the PMMA plates with glycerin
spread on it. The transmittance values were used to arrive at the SPF values
using the Win SPF software provided with the instrument. The transmittance
values used to calculate the UVAPF values for each composition.
In-vivo SPF/UVAPF
The compositions outlined in examples shown in Table 1 were tested in a
randomized human volunteer study carried out with appropriate controls.
Briefly,
minimum erythemal dose (MED) and minimal persistent pigment darkening
dose (MPPDD) for each volunteer was estimated before sample (compositions
in table 1) application. The test samples were blinded with the standard
samples for which the SPF/UVAPF is known. The required amount of sample (2
.. mg/cm2) was applied on the back skin of volunteers. The samples were
dispensed uniformly using a syringe and applied uniformly using a finger cot
over a period of 20 to 50 seconds which depends on the ease of application of
a
composition. For each sample new finger cot is used. Post sample application,
the subjects were exposed to UV, dosage of which is calculated based on MED
and MPPDD (specific to each volunteer) and on the anticipated or target
SPF/UVAPF. Post exposure, volunteers were evaluated for the erythema and
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MPPDD. An evaluation of the SPF of was carried out using ISO Standard
24444: 2010. An evaluation of UVAPF was carried out using ISO 24442:2011.
The data reported here is an average of 5 volunteers.
Table 1
Ingredients 1 2 A B C
Soap
2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62
(formed in-situ)
Hystric acid 17 17 17 17 17
Nonionic surfactant
2 2 2 2 2
(Brij 35)
UVA Sunscreen
1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
(BMDM)
2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-
3,3-diphenylacrylate 3 3 3 - -
(OCR)
MCX - - - 2.4 2.4
HR 0.5 0.25 - - 0.5
Polymer
1 1 1 1 1
(Aculyn 22)
Polymer
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
(Aculyn A33)
In-vivo UVAPF 14 17 13 7 7
The data in table 1 shows that improved UVAPF is obtained using compositions
as per the present invention (examples 1 and 2) that comprises HR along with
BMDM, OCR, fatty acid and soap as compared to the comparative examples
(example A and B; not as per the present invention) that do not contain HR.
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Further, the data also shows that improved UVAPF is obtained only when a
select UVB sunscreen, i.e. OCR (example 1), is used instead of MCX (example
C) despite that both these compositions comprise the same amount, i.e. 0.5
wt%, of HR. Thus, HR provided improved UVAPF when used in combination
with UVA organic sunscreen, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, fatty
acid and soap. This improved UVAPF was not obtained when MCX was present
instead of OCR.
The data in table 1 also shows that absence or presence of HR in the
compositions of example B and C has no effect on UVAPF.
Surprisingly, it was found that improvement in UVAPF was not dependent on
dose of HR used. As seen from example 2 (0.25 wt% HR), UVAPF equal to 17
was obtained whereas example 1 (0.5 wt% HR) showed UVAPF equal to 14. It
is believed that such an effect is due to superoxide quenching efficacy which
was found to increase with increasing concentration of HR up to a
concentration
(2 mM). Thereafter, superoxide quenching efficacy decreased despite increase
in concentration of HR under uniform light exposure conditions.
Effect of amount of soap in the composition on UVAPF and SPF
The compositions outlined in table 2 demonstrate the effect of presence of
soap
in the composition as compared to the control (no soap).
Table 2
Ingredients D 3 4 5
Soap 0 2.62 5 7.5
(formed in-situ)
Hystric acid 17 17 17 17
Nonionic 2 2 2 2
surfactant
(Brij 35)
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UVA Sunscreen 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
BMDM
OCR 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
MCX - - - -
HR 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Polymer 1 1 1 1
(Aculyn 22)
Polymer 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
(Aculyn 33)
In-vitro SPF 9.52 0.78 22.04 3.04 16.96 1.58 15.75 0.95
In-vitro UVAPF 6.87 0.37 10.63 0.83 9.28 0.57 9.03 0.40
The data in table 2 shows that soap, when present in the composition as per
the
present invention, boosts SPF as well as UVAPF.
5 Further, additional compositions as shown in table 3 below were prepared
as
described earlier and UVAPF and SPF were measured as described earlier.
The results found were as provided in table 3 below.
Table 3
Ingredients 6 7 8 9
Soap
2.5 2.75 2.62 2.62
(formed in-situ)
Polymer
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
(Aculyn 33)
Nonionic
surfactant 2 2 2 2
(Brij 35)
OCR 3 3 3 3
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Palmitic acid 17 - - -
Stearic acid - 17 - -
Hystric Acid - - 17 17
BMDM 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
HR 0.25 0.25 - -
BR - - 0.25 -
ER - - - 0.25
UVAPF
14.7 0.8 17.98 0.81 13.84 0.31 13.5
0.89
(in-vitro)
SPF
22.47 0.8 27.09 1.93 27.44 0.97 25.4 1.09
(in-vitro)
The data in table 3 shows that an enhanced UVAPF is obtained when palmitic
acid as shown in example 6; or stearic acid as shown in example 7, were used
in the composition.
The data in table 3 also shows that an enhanced UVAPF is obtained when BR
as shown in example 8; or ER as shown in example 9, were used in the
composition.
In conclusion, the sunscreen compositions as per the present invention provide
an improved UVAPF.
