Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
IMPROVED CELLULOSE-BASED MATERIALS COMPRISING STRENGTH-
ENHANCING PREPARATIONS AND CONTAINERS MADE THEREFROM
BACKGROUND
[0001] The present disclosure relates to cellulose-based material, and
particularly to
containers utilizing the cellulose-based material. More particularly, the
present disclosure
relates to cellulose-based material comprising strength-enhancing preparations
and improved
containers made with the strength-enhanced cellulose-based materials.
SUMMARY
[0002] Containers are used to store, ship, and protect a multitude of
products from
damage. Typically, such containers may be stacked on top of each other during
general use,
thus exposing certain containers within the stack to significant weight loads.
As a result, the
strength of the containers and the materials that comprise the containers is
of extreme
importance.
[0003] Moreover, environmental factors must be taken into
consideration when
designing containers. For instance, containers comprising cellulosic fibers
are subject to
swelling due to the absorbance of water by the fibers, thus weakening the
containers. As a
result, containers used in activities that have a high relative humidity
(e.g., the food supply
chain) must be prepared with sufficient strength characteristics in order to
avoid weakening
due to the humid conditions.
[0004] Therefore, the present disclosure provides cellulose-based materials
and
containers made therefrom that address the desired strength and performance
issues known in
the art. A cellulose-based material in accordance with the present disclosure
includes cellulosic
fibers, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strength
chemistry preparation and
ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation. Furthermore, the cellulose-based
material in
accordance with the present disclosure can be utilized in containers as
described herein.
[0005] The cellulose-based materials and containers of the present
disclosure provide
several advantages and improvements compared to the state of the art. First,
the cellulose-
based material including cellulosic fibers that are treated with both a dry
strength chemistry
preparation and a wet strength chemistry preparation provides significant
strength
improvement (i.e., a significant reduction in strength loss) that is observed
in both the cellulose-
based material and containers made using the cellulose-based material.
Further, the
improvement in strength can be observed at conditions of high relative
humidity in order to
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
provide significant advantages for activities performed in such humid
conditions. In addition,
the cellulose-based materials and containers of the present disclosure are
recyclable,
repulpable, and capable of being recycled, which are highly desired from an
environmental
perspective. Moreover, a synergistic effect in strength improvement can be
observed for
containers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistry
preparation and a wet
strength preparation in the cellulose-based materials. This synergistic effect
was surprising
and unexpected.
[0006] In illustrative embodiments, a cellulose-based material
comprising cellulosic
fibers is provided. For these embodiments, the cellulosic fibers are treated
with i) a dry strength
chemistry preparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation.
[0007] In illustrative embodiments, a container comprising a cellulose-
based material
comprising cellulosic fibers is provided. For these embodiments, the
cellulosic fibers are
treated with i) a dry strength chemistry preparation and ii) a wet strength
chemistry preparation.
[0008] Additional features of the present disclosure will become
apparent to those
skilled in the art upon consideration of illustrative embodiments exemplifying
the best mode
of carrying out the disclosure as presently perceived.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] The detailed description particularly refers to the
accompanying figures in
which:
[0010] Fig. 1 is a view of an exemplary containerboard formed from the
cellulose-based
material described herein. As shown in Fig. 1, two linerboard compositions are
provided for
the outer layers of the containerboard and one medium composition is provided
for the fluted
inner layer that is sinusoidal in shape.
[0011] Fig. 2 shows that a higher BCT at 85% relative humidity for
containers prepared
using a combination of a dry strength chemistry preparation plus a wet
strength preparation in
the cellulose-based materials.
[0012] Fig. 3 shows a synergistic strength improvement was observed
for containers
prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistry preparation plus a
wet strength
preparation in the cellulose-based materials.
[0013] Fig. 4 shows that inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation
plus a wet
strength chemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCT when normalized
to 36
lbs/1000 fe compared to other cellulose-based materials that did not include a
dry strength
chemistry preparation.
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[0014] Fig. 5 shows a synergistic strength improvement was observed
for containers
prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistry preparation plus a
wet strength
preparation in the cellulose-based materials.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] In illustrative aspect, a cellulose-based material is provided. The
cellulose-
based material comprises cellulosic fibers, wherein the cellulosic fibers are
treated with i) a dry
strength chemistry preparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry preparation.
[0016] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a paper-based
material. In an
embodiment, the cellulose-based material is paper. In an embodiment, the
cellulose-based
material is a paper board. In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a
medium. A
"medium" is well known in the art as an inner layer of a containerboard. For
instance, in some
embodiments, a medium may be fluted and/or sinusoidal in shape. In an
embodiment, the
cellulose-based material is a liner. A "liner" is well known in the art as an
outer layer of a
containerboard. In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a
containerboard. In an
embodiment, the cellulose-based material is recyclable. For instance,
cellulose-based materials
are known in the art to be certified for recycling. One such example of
certification is by the
Fibre Box Association (FBA) and various certifications are well known in the
art.
[0017] In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers comprise virgin fibers. In
an aspect, the
cellulosic fibers comprise recycled fibers. In an aspect, the cellulosic
fibers comprise a
combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers. In an aspect, the cellulosic
fibers are capable
of being recycled. In an aspect, the cellulose-based material is capable of
being recycled.
[0018] The combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers may fall
within one of
several different ranges. The combination may be one of the following ranges
(in which the
total percentage is 100%): about 1% to about 99% virgin fibers and about 1% to
about 99%
recycled fibers, about 5% to about 95% virgin fibers and about 5% to about 95%
recycled
fibers, about 10% to about 90% virgin fibers and about 10% to about 90%
recycled fibers,
about 15% to about 85% virgin fibers and about 15% to about 85% recycled
fibers, about 20%
to about 80% virgin fibers and about 20% to about 80% recycled fibers, about
25% to about
75% virgin fibers and about 25% to about 75% recycled fibers, about 30% to
about 70% virgin
fibers and about 30% to about 70% recycled fibers, about 35% to about 65%
virgin fibers and
about 35% to about 65% recycled fibers, about 40% to about 60% virgin fibers
and about 40%
to about 60% recycled fibers, about 45% to about 55% virgin fibers and about
45% to about
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
55% recycled fibers, about 48% to about 52% virgin fibers and about 48% to
about 52%
recycled fibers, and about 50% virgin fibers and about 50% recycled fibers.
[0019] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation
comprises an
aldehyde functionalized polymer. In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry
preparation
comprises glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM). GPAM can be supplied, for
example, as
Solenis Hercobond Plus 555 (aka BASF Luredur Plus 555), as Solenis Hercobond
Plus HC
(aka BASF Luredur Plus HC), or as other GPAM formulations known in the art.
[0020] In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers
between 1-16
dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers
between 2-8 dry
lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 2
dry lbs/ton. In an
embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton. In
an embodiment,
the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton. In an
embodiment, the GPAM is
applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.
100211 In an aspect, the wet strength chemistry preparation comprises
a polyamide
resin. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is a polyamidoamine epihalohydrin
resin. In an aspect,
the polyamide resin is selected from the group consisting of EPI-Polyamide
resin, Polyamide-
Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), and Epichlorohydrin polyamide resin. In an
aspect, the
polyamide resin is Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE). The wet strength
chemistry
preparation can be supplied, for example, as Kymene 1500LV, as Nalco 63642, or
as other wet
strength chemistry formulations known in the art.
[0022] In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 1-
32 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 2-
16 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 2-
8 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton.
In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry
lbs/ton. In an aspect,
the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton. In
an aspect, the
polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.
[0023] In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with a
sizing agent. In an
embodiment, the sizing agent is an internal sizing agent. In an embodiment,
the sizing agent
is a surface sizing agent. In an embodiment, the sizing agent is alkenyl
succinic anhydride
(ASA). In an embodiment, the sizing agent is rosin. In an embodiment, the
sizing agent is
alkyl ketene dimer (AKD).
[0024] In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry
strength chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation at the same time. In an
aspect, the
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation sequentially, in either order. In an aspect, the
cellulosic fibers are treated
with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry
preparation
separately. In an aspect, the thy strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
.. preparation are combined prior to treating the cellulosic fibers.
[0025] In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an
enzymatic
preparation. In an embodiment, the enzymatic preparation comprises a
polypeptide having
amylase activity. In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are not treated with
an enzymatic
preparation.
[0026] In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an anionic
surface preparation.
In an aspect, the anionic surface preparation is an anionic polyacrylamide. In
an aspect, the
anionic surface preparation is a copolymer of acrylamide and unsaturated
carboxylic acid
monomers, being (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid,
or any
combination thereof. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are not treated with
an anionic surface
preparation.
[0027] The cellulose-based materials of the present disclosure may be
determined to
have certain properties. For example, the cellulose-based material has a basis
weight. A basis
weight is generally understood in the paper making arts to represent the mass
per unit of area
of the cellulose-based materials. For instance, the cellulose-based materials
of the present
disclosure can be contrasted to comparative cellulose-based materials having a
similar basis
weight in which the comparative cellulose-based materials lack the wet
strength chemistry
preparation, lack the dry strength chemistry preparation, or lack both the wet
strength chemistry
preparation and the thy strength chemistry preparation.
[0028] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis
weight and a short-
span compression strength (SCT). Means of evaluating compression strength of a
cellulose-
based material via SCT (also known as "STFI") are well known in the art. In an
embodiment,
the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-based
material made
on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based material
having the
basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity. For
instance, a "high
relative humidity" can refer to a relative humidity of 50% or greater, a
relative humidity of
55% or greater, a relative humidity of 60% or greater, a relative humidity of
65% or greater, a
relative humidity of 70% or greater, a relative humidity of 75% or greater, a
relative humidity
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
of 80% or greater, a relative humidity of 85% or greater, a relative humidity
of 90% or greater,
or a relative humidity of 95% or greater.
[0029] In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for
a comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength
chemistry
preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.
[0030] In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for
a comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the wet strength
chemistry
preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.
[0031] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-
based material in
comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the
synergistic
increase in SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the
synergistic
increase in SCT is observed at a high relative humidity. The synergistic
increase in SCT for
the cellulose-based materials of the present disclosure is demonstrated in the
subsequent
examples and was unexpected.
[0032] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight
and short-
span compression strength index (SCT Index). Generally, determining the SCT
Index of a
cellulose-based material is well known in the art by dividing the average SCT
value of the
cellulose-based material by the average basis weight of the cellulose-based
material. In an
embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Index for a
comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength
chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the
greater SCT
Index is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater
SCT Index is
observed at a high relative humidity.
[0033] In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT
Index for
a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,
wherein the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a high
relative humidity.
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[0034] In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative
SCT Index for
a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,
wherein the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
wet strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a high
relative humidity.
[0035] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT Index for the
cellulose-based
material in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material. In an
embodiment, the
synergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at a dry relative humidity. In
an embodiment,
the synergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at a high relative humidity.
The synergistic
increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-based materials of the present
disclosure is
demonstrated in the subsequent examples and was unexpected.
[0036] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis
weight and a
Concora value. Means of evaluating flat crush of a cellulose-based material
via Concora are
well known in the art. In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a
comparative
Concora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-
making machine,
wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and
lacking the dry
strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation. In
an embodiment,
the greater Concora value is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater
Concora value is observed at a high relative humidity.
[0037] In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a
comparative Concora
value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making
machine, wherein
the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking
the dry strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed
at a dry
relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
[0038] In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a
comparative Concora
value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making
machine, wherein
the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking
the wet strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed
at a dry
relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
[0039] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in Concora value for the
cellulose-based
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
material in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material. In an
embodiment, the
synergistic increase in Concora value is observed at a dry relative humidity.
In an embodiment,
the synergistic increase in Concora value is observed at a high relative
humidity. The
synergistic increase in Concora value for the cellulose-based materials of the
present disclosure
is demonstrated in the subsequent examples and was unexpected.
[0040] In an illustrative aspect, a container comprising a cellulose-
based material is
provided. The container comprises cellulosic fibers, wherein the cellulosic
fibers are treated
with i) a dry strength chemistry preparation and ii) a wet strength chemistry
preparation.
[0041] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a paper-based
material. In an
embodiment, the cellulose-based material is paper. In an embodiment, the
cellulose-based
material is a paper board. In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a
medium. A
"medium" is well known in the art as an inner layer of a containerboard. For
instance, in some
embodiments, a medium may be fluted and/or sinusoidal in shape. In an
embodiment, the
cellulose-based material is a liner. A "liner" is well known in the art as an
outer layer of a
containerboard. In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material is a
containerboard. In an
embodiment, the cellulose-based material is recyclable. For instance,
cellulose-based materials
are known in the art to be certified for recycling. One such example of
certification is by the
the Fibre Box Association (FBA) and various certifications are well known in
the art.
[0042] In an embodiment, the container is corrugated cardboard.
[0043] In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers comprise virgin fibers. In an
aspect, the
cellulosic fibers comprise recycled fibers. In an aspect, the cellulosic
fibers comprise a
combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers. In an aspect, the cellulosic
fibers are capable
of being recycled. In an aspect, the container is capable of being recycled.
[0044] The combination of virgin fibers and recycled fibers may fall
within one of
several different ranges. The combination may be one of the following ranges
(in which the
total percentage is 100%): about 1% to about 99% virgin fibers and about 1% to
about 99%
recycled fibers, about 5% to about 95% virgin fibers and about 5% to about 95%
recycled
fibers, about 10% to about 90% virgin fibers and about 10% to about 90%
recycled fibers,
about 15% to about 85% virgin fibers and about 15% to about 85% recycled
fibers, about 20%
to about 80% virgin fibers and about 20% to about 80% recycled fibers, about
25% to about
75% virgin fibers and about 25% to about 75% recycled fibers, about 30% to
about 70% virgin
fibers and about 30% to about 70% recycled fibers, about 35% to about 65%
virgin fibers and
about 35% to about 65% recycled fibers, about 40% to about 60% virgin fibers
and about 40%
to about 60% recycled fibers, about 45% to about 55% virgin fibers and about
45% to about
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
55% recycled fibers, about 48% to about 52% virgin fibers and about 48% to
about 52%
recycled fibers, and about 50% virgin fibers and about 50% recycled fibers.
[0045] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation
comprises an
aldehyde functionalized polymer. In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry
preparation
comprises glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM). GPAM can be supplied, for
example, as
Solenis Hercobond Plus 555 (aka BASF Luredur Plus 555), as Solenis Hercobond
Plus HC
(aka BASF Luredur Plus HC), or as other GPAM formulations known in the art.
[0046] In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers
between 1-16
dry lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers
between 2-8 dry
lbs/ton. In an embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 2
dry lbs/ton. In an
embodiment, the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton. In
an embodiment,
the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton. In an
embodiment, the GPAM is
applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.
[0047] In an aspect, the wet strength chemistry preparation comprises
a polyamide
resin. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is a polyamidoamine epihalohydrin
resin. In an aspect,
the polyamide resin is selected from the group consisting of EPI-Polyamide
resin, Polyamide-
Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), and Epichlorohydrin polyamide resin. In an
aspect, the
polyamide resin is Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE). The wet strength
chemistry
preparation can be supplied, for example, as Kymene 1500LV, as Nalco 63642, or
as other wet
strength chemistry formulations known in the art.
[0048] In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 1-
32 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 2-
16 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 2-
8 dry lbs/ton. In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton.
In an aspect, the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4 dry
lbs/ton. In an aspect,
the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton. In
an aspect, the
polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.
[0049] In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with a
sizing agent. In an
embodiment, the sizing agent is an internal sizing agent. In an embodiment,
the sizing agent
is a surface sizing agent. In an embodiment, the sizing agent is alkenyl
succinic anhydride
(ASA). In an embodiment, the sizing agent is rosin. In an embodiment, the
sizing agent is
alkyl ketene dimer (AKD).
[0050] In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry
strength chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation at the same time. In an
aspect, the
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Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation sequentially, in either order. In an aspect, the
cellulosic fibers are treated
with the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry
preparation
separately. In an aspect, the thy strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation are combined prior to treating the cellulosic fibers.
[0051] In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an
enzymatic
preparation. In an embodiment, the enzymatic preparation comprises a
polypeptide having
amylase activity. In an embodiment, the cellulosic fibers are not treated with
an enzymatic
preparation.
[0052] In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are treated with an anionic
surface preparation.
In an aspect, the anionic surface preparation is an anionic polyacrylamide. In
an aspect, the
anionic surface preparation is a copolymer of acrylamide and unsaturated
carboxylic acid
monomers, being (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid,
or any
combination thereof. In an aspect, the cellulosic fibers are not treated with
an anionic surface
preparation.
[0053] The cellulose-based materials of the present disclosure may be
determined to
have certain properties. For example, the cellulose-based material has a basis
weight. A basis
weight is generally understood in the paper making arts to represent the mass
per unit of area
of the cellulose-based materials. For instance, the cellulose-based materials
of the present
disclosure can be contrasted to comparative cellulose-based materials having a
similar basis
weight in which the comparative cellulose-based materials lack the wet
strength chemistry
preparation, lack the dry strength chemistry preparation, or lack both the wet
strength chemistry
preparation and the thy strength chemistry preparation.
[0054] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis
weight and a short-
span compression strength (SCT). Means of evaluating compression strength of a
cellulose-
based material via SCT (also known as "STFI") are well known in the art. In an
embodiment,
the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for a comparative cellulose-based
material made
on the paper-making machine, wherein the comparative cellulose-based material
having the
basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
.. preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry
relative humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity. For
instance, a "high
relative humidity" can refer to a relative humidity of 50% or greater, a
relative humidity of
55% or greater, a relative humidity of 60% or greater, a relative humidity of
65% or greater, a
relative humidity of 70% or greater, a relative humidity of 75% or greater, a
relative humidity
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
of 80% or greater, a relative humidity of 85% or greater, a relative humidity
of 90% or greater,
or a relative humidity of 95% or greater.
[0055] In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for
a comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength
chemistry
preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.
[0056] In an embodiment, the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for
a comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the wet strength
chemistry
preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater SCT is observed at a high relative humidity.
[0057] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-
based material in
comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material. In an embodiment, the
synergistic
increase in SCT is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the
synergistic
increase in SCT is observed at a high relative humidity. The synergistic
increase in SCT for
the cellulose-based materials of the present disclosure is demonstrated in the
subsequent
examples and was unexpected.
[0058] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis weight
and short-
span compression strength index (SCT Index). Generally, determining the SCT
Index of a
cellulose-based material is well known in the art by dividing the average SCT
value of the
cellulose-based material by the average basis weight of the cellulose-based
material. In an
embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT Index for a
comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength
chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the
greater SCT
Index is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater
SCT Index is
observed at a high relative humidity.
[0059] In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT
Index for
a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,
wherein the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a high
relative humidity.
11
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[0060] In an embodiment, the SCT Index is greater than a comparative
SCT Index for
a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine,
wherein the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
wet strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity. In an embodiment, the greater SCT Index is observed at a high
relative humidity.
[0061] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT Index for the
cellulose-based
material in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material. In an
embodiment, the
synergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at a dry relative humidity. In
an embodiment,
the synergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at a high relative humidity.
The synergistic
increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-based materials of the present
disclosure is
demonstrated in the subsequent examples and was unexpected.
[0062] In an embodiment, the cellulose-based material has a basis
weight and a
Concora value. Means of evaluating flat crush of a cellulose-based material
via Concora are
well known in the art. In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a
comparative
Concora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-
making machine,
wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and
lacking the dry
strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation. In
an embodiment,
the greater Concora value is observed at a dry relative humidity. In an
embodiment, the greater
Concora value is observed at a high relative humidity.
[0063] In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a
comparative Concora
value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making
machine, wherein
the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking
the dry strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed
at a dry
relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
[0064] In an embodiment, the Concora value is greater than a
comparative Concora
value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making
machine, wherein
the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking
the wet strength
chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed
at a dry
relative humidity. In an embodiment, the greater Concora value is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
[0065] In an embodiment, the dry strength chemistry preparation and
the wet strength
chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in Concora value for the
cellulose-based
12
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
material in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material. In an
embodiment, the
synergistic increase in Concora value is observed at a dry relative humidity.
In an embodiment,
the synergistic increase in Concora value is observed at a high relative
humidity. The
synergistic increase in Concora value for the cellulose-based materials of the
present disclosure
is demonstrated in the subsequent examples and was unexpected.
100661 The containers of the present disclosure may be determined to
have certain
properties. For example, the containers can comprise a cellulose-based
material having a basis
weight. A basis weight is generally understood in the paper making arts to
represent the mass
per unit of area of the cellulose-based materials. For instance, the
containers of the present
disclosure can be contrasted to comparative containers comprising cellulose-
based materials
having a similar basis weight in which the comparative cellulose-based
materials lack the wet
strength chemistry preparation, lack the dry strength chemistry preparation,
or lack both the
wet strength chemistry preparation and the dry strength chemistry preparation.
[0067] In an embodiment, the container has a box compression strength
(BCT50)
measured at 50% relative humidity. In an embodiment, the BCT50 is greater than
a
comparative box compression strength (CBCT50) measured at 50% relative
humidity of a
comparative container comprising comparative cellulose-based material made on
the paper
machine at the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation
and the wet
strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the BCT50 is greater than a
CBCT50
measured at 50% relative humidity of a comparative container comprising
comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weight and
lacking the dry
strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the BCT50 is greater than a
comparative
box compression strength CBCT50 measured at 50% relative humidity of a
comparative
container comprising comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper
machine at the
basis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation. In an
embodiment, the dry
strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation
provide a synergistic
increase in BCT50 for the container in comparison to the comparative
container. The
synergistic increase in BCT50 for the containers of the present disclosure is
demonstrated in
the subsequent examples and was unexpected.
[0068] In an embodiment, the container has a box compression strength
(BCT85)
measured at 85% relative humidity. In an embodiment, the BCT85 is greater than
a
comparative box compression strength (CBCT85) measured at 85% relative
humidity of a
comparative container comprising comparative cellulose-based material made on
the paper
machine at the basis weight and lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation
and the wet
13
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the BCT85 is greater than a
CBCT85
measured at 85% relative humidity of a comparative container comprising
comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis weight and
lacking the dry
strength chemistry preparation. In an embodiment, the BCT85 is greater than a
comparative
box compression strength CBCT85 measured at 85% relative humidity of a
comparative
container comprising comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper
machine at the
basis weight and lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation. In an
embodiment, the dry
strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation
provide a synergistic
increase in BCT85 for the container in comparison to the comparative
container. The
synergistic increase in BCT85 for the containers of the present disclosure is
demonstrated in
the subsequent examples and was unexpected.
100691 The
following numbered embodiments are contemplated and are non-limiting:
1. A cellulose-based material comprising cellulosic fibers, wherein the
cellulosic
fibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistry preparation and ii) a wet
strength chemistry
preparation.
2. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a
paper-based material.
3. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is
paper.
4. The cellulose-
based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a
paper board.
5. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a
medium.
6. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a
liner.
7. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a
containerboard.
8. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is
recyclable.
9. The cellulose-
based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprise virgin
fibers.
10. The
cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprise
recycled fibers.
14
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
11. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprise a
combination of virgin
fibers and recycled fibers.
12. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are capable of
being recycled.
13. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is
capable of being
recycled.
14. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry
preparation comprises an
aldehyde functionalized polymer.
15. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry
preparation comprises
glyoxalated polyacry lamide (GPAM).
16. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between
1-16 dry lbs/ton.
17. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between
2-8 dry lbs/ton.
18. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 2 dry
lbs/ton.
19. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 4 dry
lbs/ton.
20. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 6 dry
lbs/ton.
21. The cellulose-based material of clause 15, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 8 dry
lbs/ton.
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
22. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the wet strength chemistry
preparation comprises a
polyamide resin.
23. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is a
polyamidoamine
epihalohydrin resin.
24. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is selected from
the group
consisting of EPI-Polyamide resin, Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), and
Epichlorohydrin polyamide resin.
25. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is Polyamide-
Epichlorohydrin
resin (PAE).
26. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the
cellulosic fibers
between 1-32 dry lbs/ton.
27. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the
cellulosic fibers
between 2-16 dry lbs/ton.
28. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the
cellulosic fibers
between 2-8 dry lbs/ton.
29. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the
cellulosic fibers
at 2 dry lbs/ton.
30. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the
cellulosic fibers
at 4 dry lbs/ton.
31. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the
cellulosic fibers
at 6 dry lbs/ton.
32. The cellulose-based material of clause 22, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the
cellulosic fibers
at 8 dry lbs/ton.
16
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
33. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated
with a sizing agent.
34. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is an internal
sizing agent.
35. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is a surface sizing
agent.
36. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is alkenyl succinic
anhydride (ASA).
37. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is rosin.
38. The cellulose-based material of clause 33, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is alkyl ketene
dimer (Al(D).
39. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated
with the dry strength
chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation at the same
time.
40. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated
with the dry strength
chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation sequentially.
41. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated
with the dry strength
chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation separately.
42. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry
preparation and the wet
strength chemistry preparation are combined prior to treating the cellulosic
fibers.
43. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated
with an enzymatic
preparation.
44. The cellulose-based material of clause 43, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the enzymatic preparation comprises a
polypeptide
having amylase activity.
45. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are not treated
with an enzymatic
preparation.
17
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
46. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated
with an anionic surface
preparation.
47. The cellulose-based material of clause 46, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the anionic surface preparation is an
anionic
poly acrylami de.
48. The cellulose-based material of clause 46, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the anionic surface preparation is a
copolymer of
acrylarnide and unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, being (meth)acrylic
acid, maleic acid,
crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or any combination thereof.
49. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are not treated
with an anionic
surface preparation.
50. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material has a
basis weight and a
short-span compression strength (SCT).
51. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than a comparative
SCT for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.
52. The cellulose-based material of clause 51, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a dry
relative humidity.
53. The cellulose-based material of clause 51, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a high
relative
humidity.
54. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than a comparative
SCT for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation.
55. The cellulose-based material of clause 54, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a dry
relative humidity.
18
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
56. The cellulose-based material of clause 54, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a high
relative
humidity.
57. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than a comparative
SCT for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
wet strength
chemistry preparation.
58. The cellulose-based material of clause 57, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a dry
relative humidity.
59. The cellulose-based material of clause 57, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a high
relative
humidity.
60. The cellulose-based material of clause 50, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry
preparation and the wet
strength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT for the
cellulose-based
material in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.
61. The cellulose-based material of clause 60, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT is
observed at a dry
relative humidity.
62. The cellulose-based material of clause 60, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT is
observed at a high
relative humidity.
63. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material has a
basis weight and a
short-span compression strength index (SCT Index).
64. The cellulose-based material of clause 63, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than a
comparative SCT
Index for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making
machine, wherein
the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking
the dry strength
chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.
65. The cellulose-based material of clause 64, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity.
19
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
66. The cellulose-based material of clause 64, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
67. The cellulose-based material of clause 63, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than a
comparative SCT
Index for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making
machine, wherein
the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking
the dry strength
chemistry preparation.
68. The cellulose-based material of clause 67, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity.
69. The cellulose-based material of clause 67, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
70. The cellulose-
based material of clause 63, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than a
comparative SCT
Index for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making
machine, wherein
the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking
the wet strength
chemistry preparation.
71. The cellulose-
based material of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity.
72. The cellulose-based material of clause 70, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
73. The cellulose-based material of clause 63, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry
preparation and the wet
strength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT Index for
the cellulose-
based material in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.
74. The cellulose-
based material of clause 73, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT Index
is observed at
a dry relative humidity.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
75. The cellulose-based material of clause 73, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT Index
is observed at
a high relative humidity.
76. The cellulose-based material of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or
any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material has a
basis weight and a
Concora value.
77. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greater than a
comparative
Concora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-
making machine,
wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and
lacking the thy
strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.
78. The cellulose-based material of clause 77, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed
at a dry relative
humidity.
79. The cellulose-
based material of clause 77, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed
at a high
relative humidity.
80. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greater than a
comparative
Concora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-
making machine,
wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and
lacking the thy
strength chemistry preparation.
81. The cellulose-based material of clause 80, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed
at a dry relative
humidity.
82. The cellulose-based material of clause 80, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed
at a high
relative humidity.
83. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greater than a
comparative
Concora value for a comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-
making machine,
wherein the comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and
lacking the wet
strength chemistry preparation.
21
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
84. The cellulose-based material of clause 83, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed
at a dry relative
humidity.
85. The cellulose-based material of clause 83, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed
at a high
relative humidity.
86. The cellulose-based material of clause 76, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry
preparation and the wet
strength chemistry preparation provide a synergistic increase in the Concora
value for the
cellulose-based material in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based
material.
87. The cellulose-based material of clause 86, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in the
Concora value is
observed at a dry relative humidity.
88. The cellulose-based material of clause 86, any other suitable clause,
or any
combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in the
Concora value is
observed at a high relative humidity.
89. A container comprising a cellulose-based material comprising cellulosic
fibers,
wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with i) a dry strength chemistry
preparation and ii) a
wet strength chemistry preparation.
90. The container of
clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a paper-based
material.
91. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is paper.
92. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a paper board.
93. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a medium.
94. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a liner.
95. The container of
clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is a containerboard.
96. The container of
clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material is recyclable.
22
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
97. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the container is corrugated cardboard.
98. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprise virgin fibers.
99. The container
of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprise recycled fibers.
100. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers comprise a combination of
virgin fibers and
recycled fibers.
101. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are capable of being recycled.
102. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the container is capable of being recycled.
103. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry preparation comprises an
aldehyde
fiinctionalized polymer.
104. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry preparation comprises
glyoxalated
poly acry lamide (GPAM).
105. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers between
1-16 dry lbs/ton.
106. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers between
2-8 dry lbs/ton.
107. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 2
dry lbs/ton.
108. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 4
dry lbs/ton.
109. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 6
dry lbs/ton.
110. The container of clause 104, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the GPAM is applied to the cellulosic fibers at 8
dry lbs/ton.
111. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the wet strength chemistry preparation comprises a
polyamide resin.
23
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
112. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is a polyamidoamine
epihalohydrin resin.
113. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is selected from the group
consisting of EPI-
Polyamide resin, Polyamide-Epichlorohydrin resin (PAE), and Epichlorohydrin
polyamide
resin.
114. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the poly amide resin is Poly amide-Epichlorohydrin
resin (PAE).
115. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 1-32
dry lbs/ton.
116. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the poly amide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 2-16
dry lbs/ton.
117. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers between 2-8 dry
lbs/ton.
118. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 2 dry lbs/ton.
119. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 4 dry lbs/ton.
120. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 6 dry lbs/ton.
121. The container of clause 111, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the polyamide resin is applied to the cellulosic
fibers at 8 dry lbs/ton.
122. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with a sizing
agent.
123. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is an internal sizing agent.
124. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is a surface sizing agent.
125. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is alkenyl succinic anhydride
(ASA).
24
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
126. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is rosin.
127. The container of clause 122, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the sizing agent is alkyl ketene dimer (A1(1)).
128. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry
strength chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation at the same time.
129. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with the dry
strength chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation sequentially.
130. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with the thy
strength chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation separately.
131. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation are combined prior to treating the cellulosic fibers.
132. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with an enzymatic
preparation.
133. The container of clause 132, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the enzymatic preparation comprises a polypeptide
having amylase
activity.
134. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are not treated with an
enzymatic preparation.
135. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are treated with an anionic
surface preparation.
136. The container of clause 135, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the anionic surface preparation is an anionic
polyacrylamide.
137. The container of clause 135, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the anionic surface preparation is a copolymer of
acrylamide and
unsaturated carboxylic acid monomers, being (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid,
crotonic acid,
itaconic acid, or any combination thereof.
138. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulosic fibers are not treated with an
anionic surface
preparation.
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
139. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and
a short-span
compression strength (SCT).
140. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for a
comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength
chemistry
preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.
141. The container of clause 140, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity.
142. The container of clause 140, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a high relative
humidity.
143. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for a
comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the dry strength
chemistry
preparation.
144. The container of clause 143, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity.
145. The container of clause 143, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a high relative
humidity.
146. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the SCT is greater than a comparative SCT for a
comparative
cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein the
comparative
cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the wet strength
chemistry
preparation.
147. The container of clause 146, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a dry relative
humidity.
148. The container of clause 146, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT is observed at a high relative
humidity.
149. The container of clause 139, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT for the cellulose-based
material in
comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.
26
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
150. The container of clause 149, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT is observed at a dry
relative humidity.
151. The container of clause 149, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT is observed at a
high relative
humidity.
152. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and
a short-span
compression strength index (SCT Index).
153. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT
Index for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.
154. The container of clause 153, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at a dry relative
humidity.
155. The container of clause 153, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at a high relative
humidity.
156. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT
Index for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation.
157. The container of clause 156, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at a dry relative
humidity.
158. The container of clause 156, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at a high relative
humidity.
159. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the SCT Index is greater than a comparative SCT
Index for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
wet strength
chemistry preparation.
160. The container of clause 159, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at a dry relative
humidity.
27
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
161. The container of clause 159, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater SCT Index is observed at a high relative
humidity.
162. The container of clause 152, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the thy strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation provide a synergistic increase in SCT Index for the cellulose-
based material in
comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.
163. The container of clause 162, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at
a dry relative
humidity.
164. The container of clause 162, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in SCT Index is observed at
a high relative
humidity.
165. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the cellulose-based material has a basis weight and
a Concora value.
166. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greater than a comparative
Concora value for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry preparation.
167. The container of clause 166, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed at a dry
relative humidity.
168. The container of clause 166, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed at a high
relative humidity.
169. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greater than a comparative
Concora value for a
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
dry strength
chemistry preparation.
170. The container of clause 169, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed at a dry
relative humidity.
171. The container of clause 169, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed at a high
relative humidity.
172. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the Concora value is greater than a comparative
Concora value for a
28
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper-making machine, wherein
the
comparative cellulose-based material having the basis weight and lacking the
wet strength
chemistry preparation.
173. The container of clause 172, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed at a dry
relative humidity.
174. The container of clause 172, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the greater Concora value is observed at a high
relative humidity.
175. The container of clause 165, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation provide a synergistic increase in the Concora value for the
cellulose-based material
in comparison to the comparative cellulose-based material.
176. The container of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in the Concora value is
observed at a dry
relative humidity.
177. The container of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the synergistic increase in the Concora value is
observed at a high
relative humidity.
178. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the container has a box compression strength (BCT50)
measured at
50% relative humidity.
179. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than a comparative box
compression strength
(CBCT50) measured at 50% relative humidity of a comparative container
comprising
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis
weight and
lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry
preparation.
180. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than a comparative box
compression strength
(CBCT50) measured at 50% relative humidity of a comparative container
comprising
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis
weight and
lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation.
181. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than a comparative box
compression strength
(CBCT50) measured at 50% relative humidity of a comparative container
comprising
29
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis
weight and
lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation.
182. The container of clause 178, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the thy strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation provide a synergistic increase in BCT50 for the container in
comparison to the
comparative container.
183. The container of clause 89, any other suitable clause, or any combination
of
suitable clauses, wherein the container has a box compression strength (BCT85)
measured at
85% relative humidity.
184. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the BCT85 is greater than a comparative box
compression strength
(CBCT85) measured at 858% relative humidity of a comparative container
comprising
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis
weight and
lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet strength chemistry
preparation.
185. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the BCT85 is greater than a comparative box
compression strength
(CBCT85) measured at 85% relative humidity of a comparative container
comprising
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis
weight and
lacking the dry strength chemistry preparation.
186. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the BCT50 is greater than a comparative box
compression strength
(CBCT85) measured at 85% relative humidity of a comparative container
comprising
comparative cellulose-based material made on the paper machine at the basis
weight and
lacking the wet strength chemistry preparation.
187. The container of clause 183, any other suitable clause, or any
combination of
suitable clauses, wherein the dry strength chemistry preparation and the wet
strength chemistry
preparation provide a synergistic increase in BCT85 for the container in
comparison to the
comparative container.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Paper Trial #1 [Mill
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
100701 An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with
certain aspects of the
present disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the
instant example
include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.
100711 For the instant example, several different cellulose-based
materials with a basis
weight of 36 were prepared and compared. Preparation of the different
cellulose-based
materials included varying the basis weight of the material, the presence of a
wet strength
chemistry preparation, and the presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
100721 The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 36
were compared
to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 40 or a basis weight
of 45. The
evaluations of the other cellulose-based materials (i.e., with a basis weight
of 40 or a basis
weight of 45) are based on average production runs at the mill for Paper Trial
#1.
100731 The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials
are presented in
Table 1.
Table 1.
Material No. Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength
Weight (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
(lb s/1000ft2)
1 36 8.5 0
2 36 4 4
3 36 4 8
4 40 0 0
5 40 3-4* 0
6 45 0 0
7 45 3-4* 0
*Average wet strength added; modified as wet strength concentrations
stabilized in the system.
[0074] As an exemplary procedure, cellulose-based material can be
produced using an
aqueous slurry comprising cellulosic fibers. The general process for making
cellulose-based
material is well known in the art and can utilize starting materials such as
trees, logs, and/or
chips to provide the cellulosic fibers. Such starting materials are heated in
a "defibering"
method and the resultant cellulosic fibers are then further processed with
water to form the
aqueous slurry. The general process for making cellulose-based materials is
described, for
instance, in U.S. Patent No. 7,648,772 and U.S. Patent No. 7,682,486.
[0075] For instance, virgin fibers, recycled fibers (e.g., old
corrugated containers, other
recycled paper products, and the like), or combinations thereof can be used in
the aqueous
slurry. The aqueous slurry can also comprise, for example, water, mechanical
fibers (e.g.,
NSSC), ash content, and other materials known in the art.
31
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[0076] The wet
strength chemistry preparation and the dry strength chemistry
preparation are then added to the aqueous slurry. The wet strength chemistry
preparation and
the dry strength chemistry preparation can be added to the aqueous slurry
separately or together
and can also be added to the aqueous slurry in any order.
[0077] Following the
combination of ingredients, the aqueous slurry is foimed into a
web and then dried to produce the cellulose-based material.
[0078] The cellulose-
based materials were evaluated for SCT values according to the
procedures of TAPPI 826, entitled "Short span compression strength of
containerboard." The
SCT evaluation can determine the edgewise compressive strength of cellulose-
based materials
such as paperboard with a span-to-thickness ratio of 5 or less (basis wt.
20#/msf or greater.) A
L&W 152 STFI Tester can be utilized as equipment for the SCT evaluation.
[0079] The cellulose-
based materials were evaluated for SCT Index by calculating the
average SCT value divided by the average weight of the sample (i.e., basis
weight). For basis
weight determinations, the procedures of TAPPI T 410, entitled "Grammage of
paper and
paperboard (weight per unit area)," were utilized. For instance, a Toledo
Basis Weight Scale
or Mettler analytical balance can be utilized as equipment for the basis
weight evaluation.
[0080] The cellulose-
based materials were evaluated for Concora values according to
the procedures of TAPPI 809, entitled "Flat crush of corrugating medium (CMT
Test)."
Testing of flat crush resistance is necessary to prevent crushing the
structure on the corrugator
or finishing equipment, and Concora evaluation allows for testing prior to
fabrication of board
or containers from the cellulose-based materials. Concora evaluation is also
utilized for
determining fabrication efficiency.
[0081] A L&W SE 108
Sample Die Cutter, a fluter, and a L&W Crust Tester code 248
can be utilized as equipment for the Concora evaluation.
[0082] The
evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-based materials are
presented in Table 2.
Table 2.
Material Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Concora
No. Weight Strength Strength (lb f/in) Index
(lbs/10000 (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
1 36 8.5 0 19.4 0.545 65
2 36 4 4 21.1 0.596 80
3 36 4 8 22.0 0.621 88
4 40 0 0 19.8 0.508 66
5 40 3-4* 0 21.2 0.530 77
6 45 0 0 23 0.526 71
32
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
7 45 3-4* 0 22.9 0.515 82
*Average wet strength added; modified as wet strength concentrations
stabilized in the system.
[0083] As shown in Table 2, the cellulose-based material in accordance
with the present
disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-based materials. First,
inclusion of a
dry strength chemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index,
and Concora
values compared to other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry
strength chemistry
preparation.
In the instant example, the cellulose-based material in accordance with the
present disclosure,
even when prepared using a lower basis weight, demonstrated superior or
similar SCT, SCT
Index, and Concora values compared to other cellulose-based materials prepared
with a higher
basis weight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a lower basis weight, when
prepared in
accordance with the present disclosure, performs better than comparative
cellulose-based
material with a higher basis weight. This improved performance provides an
advantage in that
cellulose-based material prepared in accordance with the present disclosure
uses at least 10%
less material to generate a product with desirable characteristics compared to
traditional paper-
making procedures.
Example 2
Paper Trial #2 B
[0084] An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with
certain aspects of the
present disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the
instant example
include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.
[0085] For the instant example, different cellulose-based materials
with a basis weight
of 36 were prepared and compared. Preparation of the different cellulose-based
materials
included varying the basis weight of the material, the presence of a wet
strength chemistry
preparation, and the presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
[0086] The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 36 were
compared
to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 40 or a basis weight
of 45. The
evaluations of the other cellulose-based materials (i.e., with a basis weight
of 40 or a basis
weight of 45) are based on average production runs at a similar mill to Paper
Trial #2.
[0087] The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials
are presented in
Table 3.
33
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
Table 3.
Material No. Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength
Weight (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
(lb s/1000ft2)
1 36 3.5 0
2 36 3.5 4
3 40 0 0
4 40 3-4* 0
45 0 0
6 45 3-4* 0
*Average wet strength added; modified as wet strength concentrations
stabilized in the system.
5 [0088] The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the
instant example
were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT,
SCT Index, and
Concora values were identical to those in Example 1.
[0089] The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-based
materials are
presented in Table 4.
Table 4.
Material Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Concora
No. Weight Strength Strength (lbf/in) Index
(lbs/1000ft2) (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
1 36 3.5 0 19.6 0.554 68
2 36 3.5 4 21.9 0.617 70
3 40 0 0 19.8 0.508 66
4 40 3-4* 0 21.2 0.530 77
5 45 0 0 23 0.526 71
6 45 3-4* 0 22.9 0.515 82
*Average wet strength added; modified as wet strength concentrations
stabilized in the system.
[0090] As shown in Table 4, the cellulose-based material in accordance with
the present
disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-based materials. First,
inclusion of a
dry strength chemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index,
and Concora
values compared to other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry
strength chemistry
preparation.
[0091] In the instant example, the cellulose-based material in accordance
with the
present disclosure, even when prepared using a lower basis weight,
demonstrated superior or
similar SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values compared to other cellulose-based
materials
prepared with a higher basis weight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a
lower basis weight,
when prepared in accordance with the present disclosure, performs better than
comparative
cellulose-based material with a higher basis weight. This improved performance
provides an
34
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
advantage in that cellulose-based material prepared in accordance with the
present disclosure
uses at least 10% less material to generate a product with desirable
characteristics compared to
traditional paper-making procedures.
Example 3
Paper Trial #3 [Mill C]
[0092] An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with
certain aspects of the
present disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the
instant example
include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.
[0093] For the instant example, several different cellulose-based
materials with a basis
weight of 36 were prepared and compared. Preparation of the different
cellulose-based
materials included varying the basis weight of the material, the presence of a
wet strength
chemistry preparation, and the presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
[0094] The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 36
were compared
to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 40 or a basis weight
of 45. The
evaluations of the other cellulose-based materials (i.e., with a basis weight
of 40 or a basis
weight of 45) are based on average production runs at the mill for Paper Trial
#3.
[0095] The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials
are presented in
Table 5.
Table 5.
Material No. Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength
Weight (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
(lb s/1000ft2)
1 36 3.2 0
2 36 3.2 4
3 36 3.2 8
4 40 0 0
5 40 3-4* 0
6 45 0 0
7 45 3-4* 0
*Average wet strength added; modified as wet strength concentrations
stabilized in the system.
[0096] The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the
instant example
were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT,
SCT Index, and
Concora values were identical to those in Example 1.
[0097] The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-based
materials are
presented in Table 6.
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
Table 6.
Material Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Concora
No. Weight Strength Strength (lb f/in) Index
(lbs/1000fe) (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
1 36 3.2 0 19.5 0.559 65
2 36 3.2 4 21.2 0.592 73
3 36 3.2 8 22.5 0.628 76
4 40 0 0 20.4 0.523 74
40 3-4* 0 20.6 0.521 78.5
6 45 0 0 23.5 0.533 77
7 45 3-4* 0 24.3 0.546 84
*Average wet strength added; modified as wet strength concentrations
stabilized in the system.
5 [0098] As shown
in Table 6, the cellulose-based material in accordance with the present
disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-based materials. First,
inclusion of a
dry strength chemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index,
and Concora
values compared to other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry
strength chemistry
preparation.
[0099] In the instant
example, the cellulose-based material in accordance with the
present disclosure, even when prepared using a lower basis weight,
demonstrated superior or
similar SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values compared to other cellulose-based
materials
prepared with a higher basis weight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a
lower basis weight,
when prepared in accordance with the present disclosure, performs better than
comparative
cellulose-based material with a higher basis weight. This improved performance
provides an
advantage in that cellulose-based material prepared in accordance with the
present disclosure
uses at least 10% less material to generate a product with desirable
characteristics compared to
traditional paper-making procedures.
Example 4
Paper Trial #4 [Mill B1
[00100] An exemplary
cellulose-based material in accordance with certain aspects of the
present disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the
instant example
include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.
[00101] For the
instant example, several different cellulose-based materials with a basis
weight of 23 were prepared and compared. Preparation of the different
cellulose-based
36
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
materials included varying the basis weight of the material, the presence of a
wet strength
chemistry preparation, and the presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
[00102] The various cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 23
were compared
to other cellulose-based materials with a basis weight of 26 or a basis weight
of 30. The
evaluations of the other cellulose-based materials (i.e., with a basis weight
of 26 or a basis
weight of 30) are based on average production runs at the mill for Paper Trial
#4.
[00103] The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials
are presented in
Table 7.
Table 7.
Material No. Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength
Weight (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
(lbs/1000ft2)
1 23 4 0
2 23 4 2
3 23 4 4
4 23 4 8
5 26 0 0
6 30 0 0
[00104] The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the
instant example
were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT,
SCT Index, and
Concora values were identical to those in Example 1.
[00105] The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-based
materials are
presented in Table 8.
Table 8.
Material Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Concora
No. Weight Strength Strength (lbf/in) Index
(lbs/1000ft2) (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
1 23 4 0 13.4 0.561 45
2 23 4 2 14.2 0.592 51
3 23 4 4 13.9 0.580 53
4 23 4 8 16.0 0.661 54
5 26 0 0 12.9 0.520 48
6 30 0 0 15.0 0.521 56
[00106] As shown in Table 8, the cellulose-based material in accordance
with the present
disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-based materials. First,
inclusion of a
dry strength chemistry preparation demonstrated an increase in SCT, SCT Index,
and Concora
37
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
values compared to other cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry
strength chemistry
preparation.
[00107] In the instant example, the cellulose-based material in
accordance with the
present disclosure, even when prepared using a lower basis weight,
demonstrated superior or
similar SCT, SCT Index, and Concora values compared to other cellulose-based
materials
prepared with a higher basis weight. Thus, cellulose-based material with a
lower basis weight,
when prepared in accordance with the present disclosure, performs better than
comparative
cellulose-based material with a higher basis weight. This improved performance
provides an
advantage in that cellulose-based material prepared in accordance with the
present disclosure
uses at least 10% less material to generate a product with desirable
characteristics compared to
traditional paper-making procedures.
Example 5
Container Trial #1 [Plant DI
[00108] An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of
the present
disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the instant
example include box
compression strength measured at 50% relative humidity (BCT50) and box
compression
strength measured at 85% relative humidity (BCT85).
[00109] For the instant example, different containers were prepared
using various
cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of the containers
comprised
different cellulose-based materials that varied the basis weight of the
material and the presence
and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation.
[00110] The same liner rolls (56 lb liner) were utilized for each
container from the
various mill containers.
[00111] The characteristics of the different containers are presented
in Table 9.
Table 9.
Container Identifier Basis Weight Wet Strength Dry
No. (lbs/1000ft2) (dry lbs/ton) Strength
(dry lbs/ton)
1 Reg CG 36 [Plant 36 3.5 0
B]
2 CG 2.0 36 [Plant 36 3.5 4
B]
3 Reg CG 36 [Plant 36 3.2 0
C]
4 CG 2.0 36 [Plant 36 3.2 4
C]
38
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
Reg CG 23 [Plant 23 4 0
B]
6 CG 2.0 23 [Plant 23 4 4
B]
[00112] Using the various cellulose-based materials, a Corrugator can
be used to
produce corrugated sheets. A Corrugator can range from about 250 to about 400
feet long with
a width range from about 67 inches to about 132 inches. Typical Corrugators
can include a
5 Single Facer section wherein the top liner can be adjoined with starch to
a medium that has
been corrugated via corrugating rolls. Comigators are known to the skilled
artisan and can
include, for example, those manufactured by United, BHS, MHI, Fosber, and the
like.
[00113] The second side liner can then be adhered using starch to the
single face sheet
in a "Doublefacer" or "Doublebacker" apparatus. The resultant combined board
sheet can then
be cut into specified widths and can be scored for folding in the container-
making process. A
cutoff knife can be used to cut the container to the desired length.
Typically, a Corrugator can
operate at a speed from about 600 to about 1200 feet per minute (fpm) and can
be varied
according to the general knowledge in the art.
[00114] Thereafter, combined board sheets can then be processed through
a primary
finishing process, depending on the desired end use. For instance, a Flexo
Folder Gluer
finishing process or Die Cutting equipment could be utilized. A Flexo Folder
Gluer can include
a feed section, print section, slotter-scorer, and a folder gluer section. A
die cutter can be, for
example, rotary or platen (flatbed) and produces slotted carton containers
that are typically not
glued.
[00115] The cellulose-based materials can be evaluated for BCT50 values
according to
the procedures of TAPPI T-804 om-06, entitled "Compression Test of Fiberboard
Shipping
Containers." The containers can be conditioned at a temperature of 73 F and
50% relative
humidity for the BCT50 evaluation, as it is important to provide uniform
moisture content for
the testing (see T402, entitled "Standard conditioning and testing atmospheres
for paper, board,
pulp hand sheets, and related products").
[00116] First, the containers can be subjected to preconditioning in a
preconditioning
chamber. Temperature and humidity preconditioning can be performed overnight
or for at least
2 hours (e.g., liner, medium, bag, or other cellulose-based materials), at
least 7 hours (e.g.,
corrugated board, solid fiber, or open containers), at least 14 hours (e.g.,
sealed containers), or
72 hours (e.g., vapor resistant (waxed) board and containers).
39
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[00117] Thereafter, containers are removed from the preconditioning
chamber and
placed into conditioning. Temperature and humidity conditioning can be
performed overnight
or for at least 4 hours (e.g., liner, medium, bag, or other cellulose-based
materials), at least 8
hours (e.g., corrugated board, solid fiber, or open containers), at least 16
hours (e.g., sealed
containers), or 72 hours (e.g., vapor resistant (waxed) board and containers).
[00118] The BCT50 evaluation can measure the ability of containers,
such as corrugated
or solid fiber shipping containers, to resist external compressive forces. A
higher BCT50 value
is desirable because external compressive forces may be encountered in
stacking the containers
or in transporting the containers.
[00119] An Emerson Tester Model 6210 and/or an Emerson Model 8510 can be
utilized
as compression tester equipment for the BCT50 evaluation. The container can be
placed at the
center of the bottom platen of the compression tester. Then, a preload can be
applied to the
container, for instance 50 pounds on a singlewall container, 100 pounds on a
doublewall
container, or 500 pounds on bulk bins. The load can continue to be applied to
the container at
the rate of 0.5 inches (13 +/- 2.5 mm) until failure occurs, as evidenced by
one or both of i)
falling back from maximum load of 25% or ii) deflection exceeding 0.75 inches
or greater.
Thereafter, the maximum compression and deflection or the compression at the
specified
deflection can be recorded for the evaluated container.
[00120] BCT85 evaluations are conducted in a similar manner as the
BCT50
evaluations, except that the containers can be conditioned at a temperature of
40 F and 85%
relative humidity prior to compression testing.
[00121] The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with
different
cellulose-based materials are presented in Table 10.
Table 10.
Container Basis Wet Dry BCT50 BCT85
No. Weight Strength Strength
(lbs/1000ft2) (dry (dry
lbs/ton) lbs/ton)
1 36 3.5 0 1009 549
2 36 3.5 4 1102 642
3 36 3.2 0 1076 586
4 36 3.2 4 1006 636
5 23 4 0 501 317
6 23 4 4 547 345
[00122] As shown in Table 10, the containers in accordance with the
present disclosure
were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of a dry strength
chemistry
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
preparation in the cellulose-based materials that prepared the containers
demonstrated an
increase in BCT50 and BCT85 values compared to the comparison containers made
with
cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
Example 6
Container Trial #2 [Plant A]
[00123] An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of the
present
disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the instant
example include short-
span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, box compression strength measured
at 50%
relative humidity (BCT50) and box compression strength measured at 85%
relative humidity
(BCT85).
[00124] For the instant example, different containers were prepared using
various
cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of the containers
comprised
different cellulose-based materials that varied the basis weight of the
material and the presence
and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation. The process for preparing
the containers
for the instant example were similar to those for Example 5.
[00125] The characteristics of the different containers are presented in
Table 11.
Table 11.
Container Basis Weight Wet Strength Dry Strength
No. (lbs/1000ft2) (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
1 35.63 8.5 0
2 35.40 4 4
3 35.40 4 8
[00126] The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with
different
cellulose-based materials are presented in Table 12.
Table 12.
Container Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT
BCT50 BCT85 BCT
No. Weight Strength Strength (lbf/in) Index
(lb s/1000ft2) (dry (dry (SCT/BW)
Loss
lbs/ton) lb s/to n)
1 35.63 8.5 0 19.4 0.54
987.6 753.2 23.7
2 35.40 4 4 21.0 0.59
1037.7 882.2 15.0
3 35.40 4 8 22.0 0.62
1080.9 908.4 16.0
[00127] As shown in Table 12, the containers in accordance with the present
disclosure
were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of a dry strength
chemistry
preparation in the cellulose-based materials that prepared the containers
demonstrated an
increase in SCT and SCT Index values compared to the comparison containers
made with
41
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
Furthermore, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation in the
cellulose-based materials
that prepared the containers demonstrated an increase in BCT50 and BCT85
values compared
to the comparison containers made with cellulose-based materials that did not
include a thy
strength chemistry preparation.
Example 7
Container Trial #3 [Plant Cl
[00128] An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of
the present
disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the instant
example include short-
span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, box compression strength measured
at 50%
relative humidity (BCT50), and box compression strength measured at 85%
relative humidity
(BCT85).
[00129] For the instant example, different containers were prepared
using various
cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of the containers
comprised
different cellulose-based materials that varied the basis weight of the
material and the presence
and amount of a dry strength chemistry preparation. The process for preparing
the containers
for the instant example were similar to those for Example 5.
[00130] The characteristics of the different containers are presented
in Table 13.
Table 13.
Container Basis Weight Wet Strength Dry Strength
No. (lb s/1000ft2) (dry lbs/ton)
(dry lbs/ton)
1 34.4 0 0
2 34.9 3.2 0
3 35.8 3.2 4
4 34.9 3.2 8
[00131] The process for preparing the containers for the instant
example were similar to
those for Example 6. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT, SCT Index, BCT50,
and BCT85
values were identical to those in Example 6.
[00132] The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with
different
cellulose-based materials are presented in Table 14.
Table 14.
Container Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT
BCT50 BCT85 BCT
No. Weight Strength Strength (lbf/in) Index
(lb s/1000ft2) (dry (dry (SCT/BW)
Loss
lbs/ton) lbs/ton)
1 34.4 0 0 19.5 0.57 1005.8 567.6 43.6
42
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
2 34.9 3.2 0 19.5 0.56 1076.7 586.2 45.6
3 35.8 3.2 4 21.2 0.59 1006.4 636.2 36.8
4 34.9 3.2 8 22.5 0.64 1087.2 679.3 37.5
[00133] As shown in Table 14, the containers in accordance with the
present disclosure
were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of a dry strength
chemistry
preparation in the cellulose-based materials that prepared the containers
demonstrated an
increase in SCT and SCT Index values compared to the comparison containers
made with
cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
Furthermore, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation in the
cellulose-based materials
that prepared the containers demonstrated an increase in BCT50 and BCT85
values compared
to the comparison containers made with cellulose-based materials that did not
include a dry
strength chemistry preparation.
Example 8
Container Trial #4 [Plant Bi
[00134] An exemplary container in accordance with certain aspects of
the present
disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the instant
example include short-
span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, box compression strength measured
at 50%
relative humidity (BCT50), and box compression strength measured at 85%
relative humidity
(BCT85).
[00135] For the instant example, different containers were prepared
using various
cellulose-based materials and then compared. Preparation of the containers
comprised
different cellulose-based materials that varied the basis weight of the
material, the presence of
a wet strength chemistry preparation, and the presence and amount of a dry
strength chemistry
preparation. The process for preparing the containers for the instant example
were similar to
those for Example 5.
[00136] The characteristics of the different containers are presented
in Table 15.
Table 15.
Container Basis Weight Wet Strength Dry Strength
No. (lb s/1000ft2) (dry lbs/ton) (dry
lbs/ton)
1 35.4 3.5 0
2 35.5 3.5 4
3 23.9 4 0
4 24.0 4 2
5 24.0 4 4
6 24.2 4 8
7 23.6 0 4
43
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[00137] The process for preparing the containers for the instant
example were similar to
those for Example 6. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT, SCT Index, BCT50,
and BCT85
values were identical to those in Example 6.
[00138] The evaluations and comparison of the containers prepared with
different
cellulose-based materials are presented in Table 16.
Table 16.
Container Basis Wet Dry SCT SCT Index BCT50 BCT85 BCT %
Box
No. Weight Strength Strength (lbf/in) (SCT/BVV)
Strength
(lbs/1000fe) (dry (dry Loss Improvement
lbs/ton) lbs/ton) at
High
Humidity
1 35.4 3.5 0 19.6 0.55 1009.9 549.3 45.6
2 35.5 3.5 4 21.9 0.62 1101.8 642.3 41.7
3 23.9 4 0 13.4 0.56 501.0 317.2 36.7 0
4 24.0 4 2 14.2 0.59 535.9 333.5 37.8 4.89
5 24.0 4 4 13.9 0.58 546.7 345.0 36.9 8.06
6 24.2 4 8 16.0 0.66 532.9 341.6 35.9 7.14
7 23.6 0 4 13.8 0.58 520.5 327.4 37.1 3.12
[00139] As shown in Table 16, the containers in accordance with the present
disclosure
were superior than the comparison containers. Inclusion of a dry strength
chemistry
preparation plus a wet strength preparation in the cellulose-based materials
that prepared the
containers demonstrated an increase in SCT and SCT Index values compared to
the comparison
containers made with cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry
strength chemistry
preparation. Furthermore, inclusion of a dry strength chemistry preparation
plus a wet strength
preparation in the cellulose-based materials that prepared the containers
demonstrated an
increase in BCT50 and BCT85 values compared to the comparison containers made
with
cellulose-based materials that did not include a dry strength chemistry
preparation. Figure 2
depicts that a higher BCT at 85 % relative humidity RH was observed for
containers prepared
using a combination of a dry strength chemistry preparation plus a wet
strength preparation in
the cellulose-based materials.
[00140] Furthermore, a synergistic effect in strength improvement was
observed for
containers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistry
preparation plus a wet
strength preparation in the cellulose-based materials. These effects as
demonstrated by Table
16, and as depicted in Figure 3, were unexpected.
Example 9
Paper Trial #5
44
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[00141] An exemplary cellulose-based material in accordance with
certain aspects of the
present disclosure is provided in the instant example. Evaluations in the
instant example
include short-span compression strength (SCT), SCT Index, and Concora values.
[00142] For the instant example, several different cellulose-based
materials were
prepared and compared. Preparation of the different cellulose-based materials
included
varying the basis weight of the material, the presence and amount of a wet
strength chemistry
preparation, and the presence and amount of a dry strength chemistry
preparation.
[00143] The characteristics of the different cellulose-based materials
are presented in
Table 17.
Table 17.
Material No. Basis Wet Strength Dry Strength
Weight (dry lbs/ton) (dry lbs/ton)
(lb s/1000ft2)
1 37.89 0 0
2 37.60 4 0
3 37.83 8 0
4 36.22 0 4
5 36.43 0 6
6 36.61 0 8
7 37.06 8 4
8 37.14 8 8
[00144] The process for preparing the cellulose-based materials for the
instant example
were similar to those for Example 1. Further, the methods of evaluating SCT,
SCT Index, and
related calculations were identical to those in Example 1.
[00145] The evaluations and comparison of the different cellulose-based
materials are
presented in Table 18.
Table 18.
Material Basis Weight Wet Dry SCT SCT SCT (BW % Strength
No. (lbs/1000ft2) Strength Strength (lbf/in) Index normalized
Improvement
(dry (dry to 36
lbs/ton) lbs/ton) lbs/1000
. ft2)
1 37.89 0 0 19.28 0.51
18.36 0.00
2 37.60 4 0 19.15 0.51
18.36 0.00
3 37.83 8 0 20.29 0.54
19.44 5.88
4 36.22 0 4 19.32 0.53
19.08 3.92
5 36.43 0 6 18.57 0.51
18.36 0.00
6 36.61 0 8 19.15 0.52
18.72 1.96
7 37.06 8 4 20.68 0.56
20.16 9.80
8 37.14 8 8 21.32 0.57
20.52 11.76
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
[00146] As shown in Table 18, the cellulose-based material in
accordance with the
present disclosure was superior than the comparison cellulose-based materials.
First, inclusion
of a dry strength chemistry preparation plus a wet strength chemistry
preparation demonstrated
an increase in SCT and SCT Index compared to other cellulose-based materials
that did not
include a dry strength chemistry preparation. Second, as shown in Figure 4,
inclusion of a dry
strength chemistry preparation plus a wet strength chemistry preparation
demonstrated an
increase in SCT when normalized to 36 lbs/1000 ft2 compared to other cellulose-
based
materials that did not include a dry strength chemistry preparation.
[00147] Furthermore, a synergistic effect in strength improvement was
observed for
containers prepared using a combination of a dry strength chemistry
preparation plus a wet
strength preparation in the cellulose-based materials. These effects as
demonstrated by Table
18, and as depicted in Figure 5, were unexpected.
46
Date Regue/Date Received 2022-06-29
