Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Patent Application of
Manvel Zalcharian
Nationality: Canadian
3812 Marquette Rue
Laval, PQ , Canada, H7P 1S4
Inventor: Manvel Zalcharian
CONTACTS FOR A SWITCHING DEVICE.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION.
The present invention relates to the electrical contacts of a switching
device.
The common components of the slide switches (which are described in US
Patents Ng 2811593A, Ng 3,485,966 and N2 4,035,594) are a terminal
board, a plurality of electrical terminals, a slidable conductor, a housing
(having an opening) and an actuator. Some slide switches, existing in the
market, made with the internal parts of the electrical terminals as a slide
rail
for a slidable conductor.
FIG-2 and FIG-3 of a rotary switch of US Patent N2 2,771,520 comprise a
plurality of stationary flat contacts and a rotary contact arm adapted for
successively engaging said contacts when the arm is rotated. The variable
transformers and the variable resistors also have a rotary conductive
contact. Most of variable resistors (existing presently in the market) made
round-shaped with the following components: a flat resistive material, a
dielectric body, three conductive terminals and a rotary conductive contact
mechanically connected with a rotary axle. The conductive terminals and a
flat resistive material are installed in the same side of a dielectric body.
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The contacts of the existing switches can be used only for connecting and
disconnecting electrical circuits, and their using without other technical
means cannot realize the necessary steps in sequence for controlling
power transmission to a load by the method described in the Canadian
patent application N2 3,072,789 of the applicant.
The consequence of switching off (by existing contacts) a circuit, having
inductance (having inductive reactance), is over-voltage with spark
discharge or arc discharge which damage contacts of a switch, transfer
material from one of two contacts to another contact (according to existing
information). The technical solutions, which are described in the Canadian
patent application N2 3,072,789, eliminate mentioned problem and several
other problems (described in the specification of the patent application N2
3,072,789).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION.
Said contacts for a switching device is destined for the method of
controlling power transmission to a load, which is described in the
Canadian patent application N2 3,072,789.
The conception of the Canadian patent application N2 3,072,789 is
following: controlling power transmission to a load from an additional circuit
so that a current can be transferred from said additional circuit to an
operating circuit (a circuit with a load) and vice versa from said operating
circuit to said additional circuit. A voltage source can be a source of
alternating current of 120 V, 60 Hz, or a source of alternating current of 240
V (60 Hz), or a source of alternating current of 220 V (50 Hz), or a source
of alternating current of 380 V (50 Hz), etc. The technical solutions
realizing
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said conception permit interrupting current of a load without interrupting
circuit of a power transmission to a load. A technical solution, illustrated
in
the present invention (by FIG.8), includes said contacts for a switching
device (as claimed in claim 1) with the technical solution presented in the
Canadian patent application Ng 3,072,789 (by FIG.2). Said technical
solution (of the Canadian patent application Ng 3,072,789, presented in
FIG.8) can properly functioning by realizing the necessary steps in
sequence which are following:
1. Switching on a voltage source 1 (by a switching device 2, or without said
switching device 2 by plug in a plug into a socket) when an additional
switching device 7 is on;
2. Then, after a delay time, switching on an operating switching device 4,
then switching off said additional switching device 7;
3. Switching on said additional switching device 7 before switching off said
operating switching device 4.
Said contacts for a switching device, comprising three conductive terminals
1, 2 , 3 and a movable conductor 4 (see FIG.1, FIG.2 and FIG.3), realize
the mentioned step 2 in the course of movement of said movable conductor
4 from the left to the right and realize the mentioned step 3 in the course of
movement of said movable conductor 4 from the right to the left.
Consequently, said contacts for a switching device realize three additional
steps which are: delay time; switching off (said additional switching device
7) after switching on (said operating switching device 4); switching on (said
additional switching device 7) before switching off (said operating switching
device 4). A chosen capacitor (described in the Canadian patent application
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Ng 3,072,789) and a switching device, with said contacts, permit: using an
existing device (with input voltage 120 V or 110 V) in Europe (by plug in a
plug into a socket 220 V) without a transformer and simultaneously
improving power factor; to eliminate an over-voltage and its impact on
transmission line (in the course of switching off said operating switching
device 4); to protect an European socket and an existing device, by
guaranteed limitation of maximal current (without using a fuse), in case of a
breakage or a failure of an electric component inside of an existing device
(with input voltage of 120 V or 110 V).
Half cycle (see FIG.1 of the Canadian patent application Ng 3,072,789) is
sufficient for energizing a capacitor device 3 (see FIG.8) and said delay
time (see step 2 above) can be 0,01 sec (for 50 Hz).
Duration of a transient phenomena for a power factor correction capacitor
banks (during the energization of capacitor banks) is several tens of ms. As
a consequence of a step of switching on a transformer, the value of a
transient current may reach a value which is more than 8 times a nominal
full-load current. Duration of transient phenomena is also several tens of
ms. A resistance connected in series with a capacitor banks or with a
transformer with a view to decrease in-rush current (during the energization
of a capacitor banks or during the energization of a transformer) can
decrease in-rush current to desirable level. But, then will be problem,
because working connection (with a voltage source) for a capacitor banks
and a transformer is parallel connection without a resistance.
An additional resistance connected in series with an additional switching
device 7 (FIG.8) cannot be a source of constant heating, because sufficient
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delay time (in any cases) is no more than several tens of ms (see step 2
above). Said additional switching device 7 (FIG.8) can be immediately
switched off (see step 2 above) after the expiration of said delay time. What
is more, when said additional switching device 7 is an electronic switching
device (for example a TRIAC), the internal resistance of said electronic
switching device is sufficient for decreasing in-rush current to desirable
level. A TRIAC Q4015L6, with working parameters 15 A and 400 V, can
resist non repeat current with amplitude about 200 A.
An adapter with input 220 V, output 120 V and with a transformer has
considerably more weight than an electronic adapter, but an electronic
adapter is an adapter with more energy losses than an adapter with a
transformer. Some components of an electronic adapter can not function
during an acceptable interval of time without a cooling means. One can
doubt that an electronic adapter can function (during an acceptable interval
of time) in a case when temperature of environment is high, for example: in
a country with high temperature of environment as Saudi Arabia.
A switching device with said contacts simplifies using an adapter (providing
a desirable current without an energy losses practically) or simplifies a
power transmission to an energy storing device which is functioning in
accordance with the method of controlling power transmission to a load,
described in the Canadian patent application Ng 3,072,789.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
FIG.1, FIG.2, FIG.3, FIG.4 and FIG.5 illustrate the realizations of said
contacts with said conductive first 1, second 2, third 3 terminals and said
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movable conductor 4 (as claimed in claim 1). Said conductive terminals are
installed on a dielectric panel 5 in which said first 1 and said third 3
conductive terminals are installed in the positions with an equal distances
from said second conductive terminal 2.
FIG.7 and FIG.10 illustrate the realizations in which said first 1, second 2,
third 3 conductive terminals and said movable conductor 4 are the electrical
components of a slide switch with a dielectric actuator 7, the springs 8 and
with a dielectric panel 5.
FIG.11 illustrates said contacts having said first 1, second 2, third 3
conductive terminals, said movable conductor 4, the supplementary
conductive terminals IS, 2S, the five additional conductive terminals 1A,
2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and an additional movable conductor 4-1.
FIG.12, FIG.13, FIG.14, FIG.15 and FIG.16 illustrate the realizations in
which said contacts (having said first 1, second 2, third 3 conductive
terminals and said movable conductor 4) are the electrical components of a
rotary switch.
FIG.12 illustrates the simultaneous electrical connections of said first 1,
second 2 and third 3 conductive terminals with said movable conductor 4.
FIG.1 illustrates the left position of said movable conductor 4.
FIG.2 illustrates the average position of said movable conductor 4.
FIG.3 illustrates the right position of said movable conductor 4.
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FIG.4 illustrates said conductive terminals 1, 2 and 3 with an opening 6 in
each of them.
FIG.5 illustrates said conductive terminals 1, 2 and 3 with a round shape.
FIG.6-1 and FIG.6-2 illustrate the examples in which said conductive
terminal 1 is a slide rail for said movable conductor 4.
FIG.7 is vertical section through an opening 9 of a housing. A slide switch,
presently existing in the market, has a housing similar to the housing of the
slide switch of US patent N2 3,485,966 (see FIG.1 of the US patent N2
3,485,966).
FIG.8 illustrates said contacts having said conductive terminals 1, 2 , 3 (as
claimed in claim 1) and the technical solution presented in the Canadian
patent application N2 3,072,789 (by FIG.2).
FIG.9 illustrates said contacts having two supplementary conductive
terminals IS and 2S.
FIG.10 illustrates said contacts having said first 1, second 2, third 3
conductive terminals, said movable conductor 4, an additional movable
conductor 4A and three additional conductive terminals (1A, 2A and 3A)
which are the electrical components of a slide switch with a dielectric
actuator 7 for simultaneous moving: said movable conductor 4 and said
additional movable conductor 4A. Said additional conductive terminals 1A,
2A and 3A are installed symmetrically on said dielectric panel 5. Therefore,
the front view and the back view are similar. The front view includes said
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first 1, second 2 and third 3 conductive terminals. The back view includes
said additional conductive terminals 1A, 2A and 3A.
FIG.12, FIG.13, FIG.14, FIG.15 and FIG.16 illustrate the realizations in
which said movable conductor 4 and said conductive terminals are the
electrical components of a rotary switch having a dielectric body 12, an arm
mechanically connected with said movable conductor 4 and
mechanically connected with a rotary axle 11. Said movable conductor 4
and arm 10 can be made as one component: said movable conductor 4
with a shape including a shape of said arm. All of said conductive terminals
are installed around a circle of said dielectric body 12. Said dielectric body
12 can be made round-shaped, ring-shaped or cylindrical-shaped. One
side of each of said conductive terminals (providing an electrical connection
with said movable conductor 4) has a flat shape. One side of said movable
conductor 4 (providing the electrical connections with each of said
terminals) has also a flat shape. Other side of each of said conductive
terminals can be made with an opening (similar to the opening 6 presented
in Fig 8), or can be made with the appropriate dimensions for a female wire
connector.
FIG.12 illustrates the simultaneous electrical connections of said first 1,
second 2 and third 3 conductive terminals with said movable conductor 4
(which is in the middle position). Said not flat part and flat part of each of
said conductive terminals are installed on the opposite sides of said
dielectric body 12. But, said flat part and not flat part of each of said
conductive terminals can be also installed on the same side similar to an
installation of the terminals of a variable resistor (existing long time in
the
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market: see above). Said rotary axle 11 also can be made similar to a
rotary axle of said variable resistor.
FIG.13, FIG.14 and FIG.15 illustrate said contacts having two
supplementary conductive terminals IS and 2S which are electrically
insulated from said conductive terminals 1 and 3 respectively and all of said
conductive terminals 1, 2, 3, IS and 2S are installed around a circle with an
equal distance from each of them to the next terminal.
FIG.13 illustrates the left position of said movable conductor 4.
FIG.14 illustrates the middle position of said movable conductor 4.
FIG.15 illustrates the right position of said movable conductor 4.
FIG.16 illustrates the simultaneous electrical connections of said first 1,
second 2 and third 3 conductive terminals with said movable conductor 4
(which is in the middle position) and a working unit with three additional
conductive terminals of said unit, first additional terminal of said unit 1A,
second additional terminal of said unit 2A and third said additional terminal
3A of said unit. All of said terminals are installed around a circle with an
equal distance from each of them to the next terminal.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
The technical solutions of the Canadian patent application Ng 3,072,789
include an operating switching device 4 and at least an additional switching
device 7 (see FIG.8). The described above purposes (of the Canadian
patent application Ng 3,072,789) can be achieved, if each of said switching
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devices realize steps of switching on and switching off in sequence (which
are mentioned above). Otherwise, a load 6 (see FIG.8) could be damaged.
Concretely, said load 6 could be damaged, if said switching device 4 and
said additional switching device 7 realize simultaneously step of switching
on, or if said additional switching device 7 realize said step of switching
off
before switching on said operating switching device 4. The purpose of the
elimination of an over-voltage cannot be achieved, if said operating
switching device 4 realize said step of switching off before switching on
said additional switching device 7. An adapter with input 220 V and output
120 V can be made with the switching devices 4 and 7. A customer can
manually realize said steps of switching on and switching off in appropriate
sequence (see above or see claim 1 of the Canadian patent application Ng
3,072,789). But, a customer can do a mistake during using them, and a
load 6 could be damaged. A switching device with said contacts (as
claimed in claim 1) can realize said steps of switching on and switching off
(said switching devices 4 and 7) in appropriate sequence. The electrical
connections (for realizing said steps in appropriate sequence) are
following: said first 1, second 2 and third 3 conductive terminals must be
connected to (circuit points) B, T2, and C respectively (see FIG.8), or must
be connected to (circuit points) B, T2 and to the bridge rectifier 5
respectively (see FIG.5 of the he Canadian patent application Ng
3,072,789).
FIG.2 demonstrates said movable conductor 4 with the dimensions
permitting simultaneous electrical connections with three of said conductive
terminals 1, 2 and 3. In a moment of switching on a voltage source 1 (by a
switch 2: see FIG.8), said movable conductor 4 is in the position presented
in FIG.1. This position provides parallel connection of a capacitor device 3
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with said voltage source 1, and a circuit of a load 6 is off. Step of moving
said movable conductor 4 from the position presented in FIG.1 to the
position presented in FIG.2 provide simultaneously: sufficient delay time:
more than 0,01 sec (see above); the connection of said capacitor device 3
to said circuit of said load 6. Therefore, a customer can realize appropriate
sequence of steps by moving said movable conductor 4 from the left
position (see FIG.1) to the right position (see FIG.3) by using said
dielectric
actuator 7 (see FIG.7 and FIG.10). A customer can realize the appropriate
sequence of steps (when the customer decides to switch off the load 6) by
moving said movable conductor 4 from the right position (see FIG.3) to the
left position (see FIG.1), because this movement provides parallel
connection of said capacitor device 3 with the voltage source 1, before
disconnecting the circuit of said load 6. Therefore, the purpose of the
elimination of an over-voltage will be achieved.
One side of each of said conductive terminals 1, 2 and 3 can have different
shape: a flat shape (with the dimensions appropriate for a female wire
connector: see FIG.1), a flat shape with an opening 6 (see FIG.4) and a
round-shape (with a diameter no more than diameter of a hole of a printed
board: see FIG.5). Other side of each of said conductive terminals 1, 2 and
3 (providing electrical connection with said movable conductor 4) can have
a flat shape (see Fig.7 with Fig.16). One side of said movable conductor 4
(providing electrical connection with each of said terminals 1, 2 and 3) can
have also a flat shape (see Fig.7 and Fig.16). Said movable conductor 4
can be pressed by at leas a spring 8 (see Fig.7).
FIG.6-1 and FIG.6-2 illustrate the examples when one side of each of said
conductive terminals 1, 2 and 3 (providing electrical connection with said
movable conductor 4) made as a slide rail for said movable conductor 4. A
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shape of said conductive terminals 2 and 3 are similar to a shape of said
conductive terminal 1.
One side of said conductive terminals 1, 2, 3 and said supplementary
conductive terminals 1S and 2S can be made as a slide rail for said
movable conductor 4 (see FIG.9 with FIG.6-1 and FIG.6-2), or they can be
made flat inside of a slide switch (see Fig.7). Said supplementary
conductive terminal IS with said conductive terminal 1 or said
supplementary conductive terminal 2S with said conductive terminal 3 can
be used for triggering functioning the additional means, for example a timer,
a voice instruction, etc.
A slide switch can be made with said contacts comprising said conductive
terminals 1, 2, 3, said movable conductor 4, said additional conductive
terminals 1A, 2A, 3A and said additional movable conductor 4A (see FIG.
10). Said dielectric actuator 7 permits simultaneously moving said movable
conductor 4 and said additional movable conductor 4A. Therefore, said
additional conductive terminals 1A, 2A, 3A can be used for switching on
and switching off a second additional switching device 9 of the technical
solutions presented in the Canadian patent application Ng 3,072,789 (by
FIG.3 and FIG.12).
A slide switch (similar to the slide switch presented in FIG.10) can be made
with said contacts (see FIG.11) comprising said conductive terminals 1, 2,
3, said movable conductor 4, said supplementary conductive terminals IS,
2S, said five additional conductive terminals 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A and said
additional movable conductor 4-1. Said movable conductor 4 and said
additional movable conductor 4A can be simultaneously moved by a
dielectric actuator similar to said dielectric actuator 7 (see FIG.10).
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Said contacts, comprising said conductive terminals 1, 2, 3 and said
movable conductor 4, can be the electrical components of a rotary switch
(see FIG.12) having an arm 10 which is connected mechanically to a rotary
axle 11. The left position of said movable conductor 4 is similar to the
position presented in FIG.13. The right position of said movable conductor
4 is similar to the position presented in FIG.15. One can realize the
appropriate sequence of steps (which are necessary for switching on a load
6: see FIG.8), by moving said movable conductor 4 from the left position to
the right position by using a dielectric actuator mechanically connected with
a rotary axle 11. A dielectric actuator is a component of the existing rotary
switches. One can realize the appropriate sequence of steps (which are
necessary for switching off a load 6) by moving said movable conductor 4
from the right position to the left position.
Said contacts, comprising said conductive terminals 1, 2, 3, said
supplementary conductive terminals IS, 2S and said movable conductor 4,
can be the electrical components of a rotary switch (see FIG.13, FIG.14
and FIG.15). One can realize the appropriate sequence of steps (which are
necessary for switching on a load 6: FIG.8) by moving said movable
conductor 4 from the left position (see FIG.13) to the right position (see
FIG.15). One can realize the appropriate sequence of steps (which are
necessary for switching off the load 6) by moving said movable conductor 4
from the right position (see FIG.15) to the left position (see FIG.13).
FIG.16 demonstrates said contacts comprising said conductive terminals 1,
2, 3, said movable conductor 4 and three additional conductive terminals
(1A, 2A and 3A) of a working unit, in which said additional conductive
terminals can be used for connecting and disconnecting a second load by
repeating said appropriate sequence of steps (described above) and by
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using second capacitor device and electrically connecting it to a second
electrical circuit which can be "a copy" of the technical solution presented
by FIG.8. Said movable conductor 4 can realize the necessary steps in
sequence (which are mentioned above) for connecting and disconnecting
said second load by moving said movable conductor 4 clockwise and
counterclockwise. A load 6 and said second load can be connected and
disconnected when an axle 11 is rotated clockwise. The frequency of said
connection and disconnection can be changed by changing a speed of
rotation of an axle 11.
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