Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CONTAINMENT SHELL SIMULATION TEST APPARATUS
Technical Field
The present invention belongs to a technical field of accident simulation
of a reactor containment shell of a nuclear power plant, and particularly
relates to a containment shell simulation test apparatus.
Background Art
Currently, a passive safety system is internationally adopted in
third-generation nuclear power technologies in large quantities to cope with
operating conditions in which station black-out accidents or active safety
system failures take place, but starting and running of the passive safety
system are very complicated and the starting and running of the passive safety
system can not be predicted and determined.
A pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant is a typical type of
nuclear power system whose containment shell usually has a large dimension
and a large capacity. Under such a large scale, there must be a problem that
thermal-hydraulic parameters such as temperatures, pressures, components in
the containment shell are unevenly distributed, and these thermal-hydraulic
parameters have great impacts on normal operation of the passive safety
system.
However, due to the particularity of nuclear industry production,
thermal-hydraulic phenomena such as thermal layering, component layering
that occur in a real containment shell with a large volume under accident
conditions and a coupling behavior between the thermal-hydraulic phenomena
and the passive safety system can not be completely obtained up to now.
Summary
In view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to
be solved by the present invention is to provide a containment shell
simulation
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test apparatus that can realize a simulation test research on complicated
thermal-hydraulic phenomena such as thermal layering, distribution of multiple
gas components in a containment shell and a coupling behavior between the
thermal-hydraulic phenomena and a passive safety system.
The present invention provides a containment shell simulation test
apparatus, in which the following technical solutions are adopted:
A containment shell simulation test apparatus comprises a containment
shell simulator, a gas supply system, a passive heat removal system and a data
system, wherein the containment shell simulator is configured to have a shape
the same as that of a real containment shell, an interior space of the
containment
shell simulator being divided into a bottom space simplified according to
housing spaces for functional facilities inside the real containment shell and
an
upper space above the bottom space, wherein the gas supply system includes a
plurality of discharge ports that are respectively provided at different
positions in
the bottom space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator and
configured to selectively release a mixture of a variety of gases with
different
parameters to simulate gas spraying within the real containment shell under
various accident conditions, wherein the data system includes a data reception
unit and a plurality of data collection units, wherein the plurality of data
collection units are respectively distributed at different positions in the
bottom
space and the upper space of the containment shell simulator and configured to
collect thermal-hydraulic parameters of the different positions within the
containment shell simulator, the thermal-hydraulic parameters being formed
through an interaction between the passive heat removal system and
thermal-hydraulic phenomena produced by simulating the accident conditions
within the containment shell simulator using the gas supply system, and
wherein
the data reception unit is electrically connected to the plurality of data
collection
units and configured to receive the thermal-hydraulic parameters transmitted
by
the plurality of data collection units.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the bottom space of the
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interior space of the containment shell simulator is separated into a
plurality of
compartments, and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided
in
the plurality of compartments and the upper space.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the gas supply system
includes a steam unit, an air unit, a helium unit and a spray pipeline, and at
least
two of steam, compressed air and helium gas are mixed in the spray pipeline to
become a homogeneous body.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the steam unit, the air
unit and the helium unit are respectively connected to an initial end of the
spray
pipeline and configured to respectively provide the steam, the compressed air
and the helium gas; the spray pipeline includes a plurality of terminal ends
that
are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments and the upper
space,
and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided on the
plurality of
terminal ends of the spray pipeline.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the steam unit includes
a steam supply device and a steam pipeline, the steam supply device includes a
gas-fired boiler and an electric boiler both of which are connected to one end
of
the steam pipeline, and the other end of the steam pipeline is connected to
the
initial end of the spray pipeline.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the data collection units
include at least one of a temperature detection mechanism, a pressure
detection
mechanism, a component detection mechanism, a flow velocity detection
mechanism and a flow rate detection mechanism; the temperature detection
mechanism is configured to detect a temperature within the containment shell
simulator, the pressure detection mechanism is configured to detect a pressure
within the containment shell simulator, the component detection mechanism is
configured to detect a concentration of components of gases within the
containment shell simulator, the flow velocity detection mechanism is
configured to detect a flow velocity of the gases within the containment shell
simulator, and the flow rate detection mechanism is configured to detect a
flow
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rate of the gases sprayed by the spray pipeline.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the passive heat
removal system includes a plurality of natural circulation loops each of which
includes a heat exchange water tank and at least one heat exchanger; the heat
exchange water tank is provided outside the containment shell simulator above
a
top of the containment shell simulator to provide cooling water; the heat
exchanger is provided in the upper space of the containment shell simulator
and
configured to communicate with the heat exchange water tank to perform heat
exchange on the cooling water.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, a positional height of
one of two heat exchangers in a first natural circulation loop and that of one
of
two heat exchangers in a second natural circulation loop are the same as a
positional height of one heat exchanger in a third natural circulation loop;
the
other of the two heat exchangers in the first natural circulation loop and the
other
of the two heat exchangers in the second natural circulation loop are
respectively
below and above the one heat exchanger in the third natural circulation loop.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the containment shell
simulation test apparatus further includes a gas exhaust pipeline and a vacuum
break valve; the gas exhaust pipeline is connected to the interior space of
the
containment shell simulator and configured to exhaust gases within the
containment shell simulator; the vacuum break valve is provided on the
containment shell simulator and configured to prevent a negative pressure
within
the containment shell simulator.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the data system further
includes a central control unit that is electrically connected to the data
collection
units and configured to perform data processing on the thermal-hydraulic
parameters received by the data reception unit; the central control unit is
electrically connected to the gas supply system, the passive heat removal
system,
the gas exhaust pipeline and the vacuum break valve respectively and
configured
to control the start or stop and an opening of the gas supply system, the
passive
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Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
heat removal system, the gas exhaust pipeline and the vacuum break valve
according to the received thermal-hydraulic parameters and a result of the
data
processing.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the containment shell
simulation test apparatus further includes a water level meter that is
provided in
the heat exchange water tank, and the water level meter is electrically
connected
to the data reception unit and the central control unit and configured to
detect
water level information in the heat exchange water tank.
In the containment shell simulation test apparatus, the containment shell
simulation test apparatus further includes a plurality of protectors and/or a
plurality of condensed water collectors; the plurality of protectors are
provided
within the containment shell simulator, and each protector is located between
a
respective heat exchanger and an axial centerline of the containment shell
simulator near to the respective heat exchanger and configured to block
emissions generated within the containment shell simulator under the accident
conditions; the plurality of condensed water collectors are provided within
the
containment shell simulator and each condensed water collector is located
below
a respective heat exchanger and configured to collect condensed water produced
on the respective heat exchanger.
The present invention has the following advantageous effects:
(1) The containment shell simulator is a super large-sized shell and the
interior space of the containment shell simulator is reasonably designed and
partitioned according to the housing spaces for the functional facilities
inside the
real containment shell so that the simulated distribution of the thermal-
hydraulic
parameters within the containment shell simulator under different accident
conditions comes nearer to be in consistency with a real situation, and thus
accuracy of the test is improved.
(2) Through use of the gas-fired boiler and the electric boiler in
combination, steam meeting different requirements can be provided, more
accident conditions can be simulated, and a scope of test research of the
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Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
simulation test apparatus is expanded.
(3) Data collection points are reasonably disposed and widely distributed,
which can improve precision of test data and provide strong support for test
research and analysis.
(4) By reasonably disposing the heat exchangers of the passive heat
removal system and additional mechanisms such as the protectors, a cold shield
effect is produced in the interior space of the containment shell simulator so
that
test research on the interaction between the complicated thermal-hydraulic
phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat removal system is
possible, and test research on the complicated coupling behavior between the
thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat
removal system is also realized.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a containment shell
simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an interior space and separated
compartments of a containment shell simulator of the containment shell
simulation test apparatus in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a top view of the interior space and the separated compartments
of the containment shell simulator in Fig. 2; and
Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a data system of the
containment shell simulation test apparatus according to an embodiment of
the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-containment shell simulation test apparatus;
la-containment shell simulator; lb-gas supply system; lc-passive heat
removal system; 1d-data system; 2-compartments; 3-spray pipeline; 3a-steam
unit; 3b-air unit; 3c-helium unit; 4-steam supply device; 5-steam pipeline;
6-first flow meter; 7-first regulating valve; 8-air supply device; 9-air
pipeline;
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10-second flow meter; 11-second regulating valve; 12-helium supply device;
13-helium pipeline; 14-third flow meter; 15-third regulating valve; 16-heat
exchangers; 17-cold pipe segment; 18-hot pipe segment; 19-heat exchange
water tanks; 20-forced circulation loop; 21-drainage pipeline; 22-charging
pipeline; 23-gas exhaust pipeline; 24-vacuum break valve; 25-condensed
water collectors; 26-protectors; 27-condensed water tank; 28-central control
unit; 29-data reception unit; 30-data collection units; 31-temperature
detection mechanism; 32-pressure detection mechanism; 33-component
detection mechanism; 34-flow velocity detection mechanism; 35-flow rate
detection mechanism; 36-water level meter.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the
technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be
further described clearly and completely below with reference to the
accompanying drawings and specific embodiments thereof.
In the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down",
"left" and "right" are used to facilitate description of directions and
positions
in the technical solutions in connection with the drawings, but do not
constitute a limitation to the embodiments.
As shown in Fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a containment
shell simulation test apparatus 1 comprising a containment shell simulator la,
a gas supply system lb, a passive heat removal system lc and a data system
ld, in which: the containment shell simulator la is configured to have a shape
the same as that of a real containment shell, an interior space of the
containment shell simulator la being divided into a bottom space simplified
according to housing spaces for functional facilities inside the real
containment shell and an upper space above the bottom space; the gas supply
system lb includes a plurality of discharge ports that are respectively
provided at different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the
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Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
containment shell simulator la (for example, at different heights within the
containment shell simulator) and configured to selectively release a mixture
of a variety of gases with different parameters to simulate gas spraying
within
the real containment shell under various accident conditions; the data system
id includes a data reception unit 29 and a plurality of data collection units
30;
the plurality of data collection units 30 are respectively distributed at
different positions in the bottom space and the upper space of the containment
shell simulator la (for example, at different heights within the containment
shell simulator) and configured to collect thermal-hydraulic parameters of the
different positions within the containment shell simulator la, the
thermal-hydraulic parameters being formed through an interaction between
the passive heat removal system lc and thermal-hydraulic phenomena
produced by simulating the accident conditions within the containment shell
simulator la using the gas supply system lb; and the data reception unit 29 is
electrically connected to the plurality of data collection units 30 and
configured to receive the thermal-hydraulic parameters transmitted by the
plurality of data collection units 30.
For example, the data reception unit 29 may be a personal computer
(PC), a memory, a data interface, a communication module, a network server,
a mobile terminal or the like. For example, the data reception unit 29
includes
a display screen for displaying the received thermal-hydraulic parameters.
In one embodiment, the bottom space of the interior space of the
containment shell simulator la is separated into a plurality of compartments 2
to simulate an internal structure of the real containment shell, and the
plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided in the plurality of
compartments 2 and the upper space above the compartment 2 so that a real
flowing situation of the gases within the containment shell under the accident
conditions can be obtained by simulation, thereby improving accuracy of test.
The containment shell is generally a cylindrical pre-stressed reinforced
concrete building with a hemispherical dome that has an inner diameter of
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Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
about 40m, a wall thickness of about lm, and a height of about 60-70m, and in
which a steel plate is lined to ensure an overall sealing performance.
Normally,
functional facilities such as a fuel pool, a pressure vessel, a steam
generator, a
water injection cooling system and a pressure stabilizer are provided inside
the containment shell, and the containment shell has housing spaces for
accommodating these facilities.
In the embodiment, the internal structure of the real containment shell is
appropriately simplified, the number of compartments 2 is seven, for example,
and the seven compartments are respectively provided in the bottom space of
the containment shell simulator la, wherein one compartment is provided at a
central position to simulate a fuel pool compartment and an annular gallery
(marked as R); the other six compartments are annularly distributed around
the central compartment to simulate one reactor pressure vessel compartment
(marked as F), three steam generator compartments (respectively marked as
l#SG, 2#SG, 3#SG), one reactor cavity water injection cooling system
compartment (marked as CIS) and one pressure stabilizer compartment
(marked as P) respectively; and each compartment is separated into upper and
lower layers by separators A to meet different test requirements. In some
embodiments, how each compartment 2 is specifically distributed can be
shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, and a specific size of each compartment 2 can be
determined based on a proportion after a modeling analysis according to a
nuclear power plant design. Certainly, during the simulation test, relative
positions of the seven compartments may be interchanged with each other
according to actual use requirements; the number of the compartments is also
not limited to seven, and other number of the compartments are also possible
as long as the number of the compartments after simplification corresponds to
the internal structure of the real containment shell as an object to be
simulated.
In the embodiment, a shape of the containment shell simulator la is the
same as that of the real containment shell of the pressurized water reactor
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nuclear power plant, and is also a cylinder with a hemispherical dome, that
is,
the containment shell simulation test apparatus in the embodiment is mainly
used to simulate the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the real containment
shell of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant. Given a certain
condition, a size ratio of the containment shell simulator la to the real
containment shell should be as close as possible to 1:1, especially a height
ratio, to ensure that the distribution of thermal-hydraulic parameters within
the containment shell simulator is as consistent as possible with a real
situation. In the embodiment, a volume ratio of the containment shell
simulator la to the real containment shell is not less than 1:100, which means
the containment shell simulator la is a super large-sized containment shell
simulator. Compared with a traditional small volume containment shell
simulator, the thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell
simulated by the super large-sized containment shell simulator are closer to
an
actual situation so that precision of test data can be improved.
The containment shell simulation test apparatus of the embodiment may
further include an insulation layer that covers the containment shell
simulator
la outside the containment shell simulator la so as to accurately simulate
heat
generated through thermal dissipation by an actual containment shell during
the operation of the nuclear power plant.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, the gas supply system lb
includes a spray pipeline 3, a steam unit 3a, an air unit 3b and a helium unit
3c,
and at least two of three gases of steam, compressed air, and helium gas are
sufficiently mixed in the spray pipeline 3 to become a homogeneous body.
In one embodiment, the steam unit 3a is connected to an initial end of
the spray pipeline 3 to provide the steam to make a temperature in the
containment shell simulator la reach the temperature of the simulated
accident condition. The spray pipeline 3 includes a plurality of terminal ends
that are respectively provided in the plurality of compartments 2 within the
containment shell simulator la and the upper space above the compartments 2,
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
and the plurality of discharge ports are respectively provided on the
plurality
of terminal ends of the spray pipeline 3.
In one embodiment, the steam unit 3a includes a steam supply device 4
and a steam pipeline 5. The steam supply device 4 is used to provide the
steam,
a temperature of which is a saturation temperature under a corresponding
pressure. One end of the steam pipeline 5 is connected to the steam supply
device 4, and the other end of the steam pipeline 5 is connected to the
initial
end of the spray pipeline 3 to deliver the steam provided by the steam supply
device 4 to the spray pipeline 3. The steam is sprayed from the discharge
ports
in the compartments 2 after it is delivered to the compartments 2 in the
containment shell simulator la by the spray pipeline 3. A first flow meter 6
and a first regulating valve 7 are provided in the steam pipeline 5, and a
flow
rate of the steam in the steam pipeline 5 is detected by the first flow meter
6
so as to regulate the first regulating valve 7 to control a flow velocity and
a
flow rate of the steam.
In the embodiment, the steam supply device 4 may be a boiler including
a gas-fired boiler and an electric boiler. The gas-fired boiler generally has
a
power high up to 4000KW or more, and can provide the steam corresponding
to a large power range, thereby satisfying a steam supply when the amount of
the steam required is large. The electric boiler generally has a low power but
is high in control accuracy, and can provide the steam corresponding to a
high-precision power, thereby satisfying a steam supply when the precision of
the amount of the steam required is high. Through a combined use of the
gas-fired boiler and the electric boiler, not only a supply of instant high
power
steam but also a long-term supply of high-precision steam in a lower power
range can be realized, thereby realizing the simulation of a spraying
procedure
of the steam leaked under different accident conditions.
In the embodiment, the steam unit 3a further includes an insulating
component (not shown in the drawings) that is provided outside the steam
pipeline 5 to perform thermal insulation on the steam pipeline 5 so as to
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prevent condensation of the steam in the steam pipeline 5 during delivery.
In one embodiment, the gas supply system lb further includes an air unit
3b and a helium unit 3c, the air unit 3b is connected to the initial end of
the
spray pipeline 3 to provide compressed air for test, and the helium unit 3c is
connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline 3 to supply helium gas for
test (for simulating hydrogen gas). In the embodiment, the air unit 3b
includes
an air supply device 8 and an air pipeline 9, one end of the air pipeline 9 is
connected to the air supply device 8, and the other end of the air pipeline 9
is
connected to the initial end of the spray pipeline 3. A second flow meter 10
and a second regulating valve 11 are provided in the air pipeline 9 to control
the amount of the compressed air delivered to the spray pipeline 3. In the
embodiment, the air supply device 8 uses an air compressor that provides
compress air in a pressure range from 0.1 to 1MPa, for example. The helium
unit 3c is used to simulate a distribution of non-condensable gases such as
helium gas in the containment shell. In the embodiment, the helium unit 3c
includes a helium supply device 12 and a helium pipeline 13, one end of the
helium pipeline 13 is connected to the helium supply device 12, and the other
end of the helium pipeline 13 is connected to the initial end of the spray
pipeline 3. A third flow meter 14 and a third regulating valve 15 are provided
in the helium pipeline 13 to control the amount of helium gas delivered to the
spray pipeline 3. In the embodiment, the helium supply device 12 is a helium
gas cylinder that provides the required helium gas in a pressure range from
0.1
to 14MPa, for example.
During the simulation test, through cooperation of regulating valves
such as the first regulating valve 7, the second regulating valve 11 and the
third regulating valve 15, the steam, the compressed air and the helium gas
are
respectively merged into the spray pipeline 3 to be sufficiently mixed therein
to form a gas mixture required for simulating accident conditions, and then
the gas mixture is selectively sprayed from the discharge ports in different
compartments 2. By controlling a flow velocity, a flow rate and components
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Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
of the sprayed gas mixture, different accident conditions including design
basic conditions and design extended conditions, such as LOCA (Loss of
Coolant Accident), MSLB (Main Steam Line Break accident) and SBO
(Station Black-out accident), can be simulated, and variations in directions
and flow velocities of leaked gases during diffusion under different accident
conditions can be further simulated.
In one embodiment, the passive heat removal system lc (as a kind of
passive conduction system (PCS)) includes a plurality of natural circulation
loops each of which includes a heat exchange water tank 19 and at least one
heat exchanger 16. The heat exchange water tank 19 is provided outside the
containment shell simulator la above a top of the containment shell simulator
la to provide cooling water. The heat exchanger 16 is provided in the upper
space of the containment shell simulator la and configured to communicate
with the heat exchange water tank 19 to perform heat exchange on the cooling
water.
As an example, each natural circulation loop includes the heat exchange
water tank 19, the heat exchanger 16, and a communication pipeline between
them, i.e., a cold pipe segment 17 and a hot pipe segment 18. For example, the
heat exchange water tank 19 is provided above the top of the containment
shell simulator la, and the heat exchanger 16 is provided in the upper space
of
the internal space of the containment shell simulator la. The heat exchange
water tank 19 at least has one outlet and one inlet, the one outlet of the
heat
exchange water tank 19 is connected to a cooling medium inlet of the heat
exchanger 16 through the cold pipe segment 17, and a cooling medium outlet
of the heat exchanger 16 is connected to the one inlet of the heat exchange
water tank 19 through the hot pipe segment 18. A valve may be provided in
the cold pipe segment 17 and/or the hot pipe segment 18 to open and close the
natural circulation loop. When the natural circulation loop is operated, the
cooling water (with an ambient temperature) in the heat exchange water tank
19 is delivered to the heat exchanger 16 through the cold pipe segment 17.
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The cooling water exchanges heat with the gases in the containment shell
simulator la by the heat exchanger 16. The temperature of the cooling water
after heat exchange rises (up to the saturation temperature), and the cooling
water then returns to the heat exchange water tank 19 through the hot pipe
segment 18 for recycling.
In the embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, three natural circulation loops
are sequentially arranged from left to right in a horizontal direction (i.e.,
a
circumferential direction of the containment shell simulator la), wherein two
heat exchangers 16 connected in parallel are respectively provided in two
(first and second) natural circulation loops (that is, each natural
circulation
loop includes two heat exchangers 16 connected in parallel, and the two heat
exchangers 16 are arranged in a vertical direction or an up-down direction),
and only one heat exchanger 16 is provided in another (a third) natural
circulation loop. A positional height of one heat exchanger 16 (an upper heat
exchanger) of two heat exchangers 16 in a first natural circulation loop and
that of one heat exchanger 16 (a lower heat exchanger) of two heat exchangers
16 in a second natural circulation loop are the same as a positional height of
one heat exchanger 16 in a third natural circulation loop, which positional
height is for example equal to an actual height of heat exchangers in the
containment shell of the nuclear power plant. The other heat exchanger 16 (a
lower heat exchanger) of the two heat exchangers 16 in the first natural
circulation loop and the other heat exchanger 16 (an upper heat exchanger) of
the two heat exchangers 16 in the second natural circulation loop are
respectively below and above the one heat exchanger 16 in the third natural
circulation loop.
By disposing the heat exchangers 16 in the above manner, the heat
exchangers 16 can be caused to produce a cold shield effect in a thermal space
(it means that there is a cooling wall surface in the thermal space, which
will
naturally form wall surface heat transfer including heat conduction,
condensation heat conduction, etc., thus forming a temperature gradient near
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Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
the wall surface). The cold shield effect can affect a thermal-hydraulic state
in
the containment shell simulator, and the thermal-hydraulic state in the
containment shell simulator can in turn affect the cold shield effect of the
heat
exchangers, so that the influence of heights of the heat exchangers in the
passive heat removal system on their heat exchange can be analyzed through
tests, and a contrastive analysis of the passive heat transfer under different
height differences and different thermal-hydraulic environments can be
realized.
In the embodiment, the passive heat removal system lc may further
include a forced circulation loop 20 that is connected in parallel to the cold
pipe segment 17 of a respective natural circulation loop, and a forced
circulation pump is provided in the forced circulation loop 20. By starting
the
forced circulation pump, the cooling water in the heat exchange water tank 19
can be forcibly delivered to the heat exchanger 16 for forced heat exchange,
to
achieve specific test requirements for fixed parameters.
In the embodiment, the passive heat removal system lc further includes
a drainage pipeline 21 and a charging pipeline 22. The charging pipeline 22 is
connected to a standby water supply and the heat exchange water tank 19, and
a charging control valve is provided in the charging pipeline 22 to provide
circulating water (i.e., the cooling water) required by the passive heat
removal
system lc from the standby water supply. The drainage pipeline 21 is also
connected to the heat exchange water tank 19, and a drainage control valve is
provided in the drain pipeline 21 to drain the cooling water in the heat
exchange water tank 19.
In one embodiment, the containment shell simulation test apparatus 1
further includes a gas exhaust pipeline 23 and a vacuum break valve 24, the
gas exhaust pipeline 23 is connected to the interior space of the containment
shell simulator la and configured to exhaust the gases within the containment
shell simulator la to reduce the pressure in the containment shell simulator,
and the vacuum break valve 24 is provided on the containment shell simulator
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
la and configured to prevent a negative pressure within the containment shell
simulator.
As an example, the gas exhaust pipeline 23 is provided, for example, at
an upper portion or a top portion of the containment shell simulator la, and
an
exhaust control valve is provided in the gas exhaust pipeline 23 to exhaust
the
gases in the containment shell simulator la. For example, after one simulation
test is finished, the gases in the containment shell simulator is exhausted to
reduce the pressure in the containment shell simulator and cool the
containment shell simulator. The vacuum break valve 24 is provided, for
example, at an upper portion or a top portion of the containment shell
simulator la to prevent the containment shell simulator from being damaged
due to a negative pressure.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 4, the data collection units 30
include at least one of a temperature detection mechanism 31, a pressure
detection mechanism 32, a component detection mechanism 33, a flow
velocity detection mechanism 34 and a flow rate detection mechanism 35. The
temperature detection mechanism 31 is configured to detect a temperature
within the containment shell simulator la, the pressure detection mechanism
32 is configured to detect a pressure within the containment shell simulator
la,
the component detection mechanism 33 is configured to detect a concentration
of components of the gases within the containment shell simulator la, the
flow velocity detection mechanism 34 is configured to detect a flow velocity
of the gases within the containment shell simulator la, and the flow rate
detection mechanism 35 is configured to detect a flow rate of the gases
sprayed by the spray pipeline 3.
For example, the temperature detection mechanism 31 may use any one
commercially available temperature detection instrument such as a
thermocouple thermometer, and detection points thereof include positions
where a temperature is required to be collected, such as a wall surface and
the
interior space of the containment shell simulator la, a wall surface and an
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internal space of each compartment 2, a wall surface of the heat exchanger 16
and an interior of each pipeline so as to collect temperature information. The
pressure detection mechanism 32 may use a pressure meter that is connected
to the containment shell simulator la to collect pressure information inside
the containment shell simulator. The component detection mechanism 33 may
use a mass spectrometer and/or a helium purity meter, and detection points
thereof at least include positions in each compartment, positions near the
heat
exchanger and the like so that concentration information of the gas
components at each position can be collected regularly or irregularly in the
simulation test. The flow velocity detection mechanism 34 may use a laser
Doppler velocimeter (LDV). Since the LDV is movable, a mobile detection of
different regions can be realized. Detection points of the LDV include
positions where a gas flow velocity difference may be generated, such as the
internal space of each compartment, different heights in the interior space of
the containment shell simulator la or the like so as to collect gas flow
velocity information of each region. The flow rate detection mechanism 35
mainly includes the first flow meter 6, the second flow meter 10 and the third
flow meter 14 provided in the gas supply system lb so as to collect gas flow
rate information of the gas sprayed correspondingly during the simulation
test.
Given a certain condition, the detection points of the temperature
detection mechanism 31, the pressure detection mechanism 32, the component
detection mechanism 33, the flow velocity detection mechanism 34 and the
flow rate detection mechanism 35 in the embodiment should be distributed as
far as possible throughout various positions in the interior space of the
containment shell simulator la (including the upper space above the
compartments 2) to improve the precision of test data so as to provide strong
data support for test research and analysis.
In the embodiment, by providing the data collection units 30, the
simulated accident conditions can be comprehensively analyzed and
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calibrated according to data such as the temperature T, the pressure P, the
gas
flow rate Q. The thermal layering phenomenon and a degree thereof in the
containment shell simulator can be further analyzed according to the
temperature T, the gas component layering phenomenon in the containment
shell simulator can be further analyzed according to the gas component
concentration, and a gas flow field in the containment shell simulator is
further analyzed according to the gas flow velocity v.
In one embodiment, the data system id further includes a central control
unit 28 that is electrically connected to the data collection units 30 and
configured to perform data processing on the thermal-hydraulic parameters
received by the data reception unit 29. In the embodiment, thermal-hydraulic
parameter information includes the temperature T, the pressure P, the
component concentration, the gas flow velocity v, the gas flow rate Q and the
like. The central control unit 28 is also electrically connected to the gas
supply system lb, the passive heat removal system lc, the gas exhaust
pipeline 23 and the vacuum break valve 24 respectively, more specifically, the
central control unit 28 is electrically connected to the first regulating
valve 7,
the second regulating valve 11 and the third regulating valve 15 of the gas
supply system lb, is electrically connected to the forced circulation pump of
the forced circulation loop 20 in the passive heat removal system lc, and is
electrically connected to the exhaust control valve in the gas exhaust
pipeline
23 so as to control the start or stop and an opening of the gas supply system
lb,
the passive heat removal system lc (including the forced circulation loop 20),
the gas exhaust pipeline 23 and the vacuum break valve 24 according to the
received thermal-hydraulic parameter information and a result of the data
processing.
In one embodiment, the containment shell simulation test apparatus 1
further includes a plurality of condensed water collectors 25 and/or a
plurality
of protectors 26. For example, the plurality of condensed water collectors 25
are provided within the containment shell simulator la and each condensed
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water collector 25 is located below a respective heat exchanger 16 and
configured to collect condensed water produced on the respective heat
exchanger 16 (condensed water is generated by the steam in the containment
shell simulator la after condensation on the heat exchanger 16). Depending
upon whether the condensed water collectors 25 are installed or not, it is
possible to perform a test research about the influence of the condensed water
collectors 25 on the heat exchange and a collection rate (the collection rate
refers to a ratio of the amount of water recovered by the condensed water
collectors to a calculated total amount of condensed water on a wall surface
of
the heat exchanger, and the total amount of condensed water is derived from
an enthalpy rise transferred from the wall surface of the heat exchanger to an
in-tube cooling fluid). For example, the plurality of protectors 26 are
provided
within the containment shell simulator la, and each protector 26 is located
between a respective heat exchanger 16 and an axial centerline of the
containment shell simulator la near to the respective heat exchanger 16 and
configured to block emissions generated within the containment shell
simulator la under the accident conditions to protect the heat exchanger 16.
In
addition, it is also possible to conduct a test research about the influence
of
the protectors 26 on the heat exchange of the heat exchanger 16 depending
upon whether the protectors 26 are installed or not.
The containment shell simulation test apparatus 1 in the embodiment
further includes a condensed water tank 27 that is communicated with a
bottom of the containment shell simulator la and configured to store the
condensed water generated in the containment shell simulator la during the
simulation test. During the simulation test, the condensed water on an inner
wall of the containment shell simulator la flows to the bottom of the
containment shell simulator la under the action of gravity and finally flows
into the condensed water tank 27.
In the embodiment, the containment shell simulation test apparatus 1
further includes a water level meter 36 that is provided in the heat exchange
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water tank 19, and the water level meter 36 is electrically connected to the
data reception unit 29 and the central control unit 28 to detect water level
information in the heat exchange water tank 19. The drainage control valve in
the drainage pipeline 21 and the charging control valve in the charging
pipeline 22 may be electrically connected to the central control unit 28, and
the central control unit 28 can automatically control the opening and closing
of the drainage control valve and the charging control valve according to the
received water level information of the heat exchange water tank 19
transmitted by the water level meter 36.
It is to be noted that pipelines such as the gas exhaust pipeline 23 and
valves such as the vacuum break valve 24 in the embodiment may also be
controlled in a manual manner, and are not limited to being automatically
controlled by the central control unit 28.
The simulation test procedure of the containment shell simulation test
apparatus of the embodiment is briefly summarized below, and the simulation
test procedure includes a preheating stage before test, a test stage, and a
cooling stage after test.
Preheating stage before test: steam is sprayed into the containment shell
simulator by the steam unit to make a temperature in the containment shell
simulator reach the temperature required for the simulation test.
Test stage: through cooperation of the steam unit, the air unit and the
helium unit, mixed gases used to simulate accident conditions are formed
according to preset parameters such as a flow rate and a flow velocity, and
the
mixed gases are selectively sprayed into different compartments within the
containment shell simulator according to different accident conditions, so
that
the required accident conditions are achieved in the containment shell
simulator; a valve of the passive heat removal system is opened to establish
natural circulation automatic driving, and test data is selectively collected
at a
fixed interval or at random according to the actual requirements, and then a
test analysis is performed.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
Cooling stage after test: the gas exhaust pipeline is opened to quickly
reduce the pressure of the containment shell simulator and cool the
containment shell simulator.
Compared with a traditional simulation test apparatus, the containment
shell simulation test apparatus of the embodiment has the following
advantages:
(1) The containment shell simulator is a super large-sized shell and the
interior space of the containment shell simulator is reasonably designed and
partitioned according to the housing spaces for the functional facilities
inside the
real containment shell so that the simulated distribution of the thermal-
hydraulic
parameters within the containment shell simulator under different accident
conditions comes nearer to be in consistency with a real situation, and thus
accuracy of the test is improved.
(2) Through use of the gas-fired boiler and the electric boiler in
combination, steam meeting different requirements can be provided, more
accident conditions can be simulated, and a scope of test research of the
simulation test apparatus is expanded.
(3) Data collection points are reasonably disposed and widely distributed,
which can improve precision of test data and provide strong support for test
research and analysis.
(4) By reasonably disposing the heat exchangers of the passive heat
removal system and additional mechanisms such as the protectors, a cold shield
effect is produced in the interior space of the containment shell simulator so
that
test research on the interaction between the complicated thermal-hydraulic
phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat removal system is
possible, and test research on the complicated coupling behavior between the
thermal-hydraulic phenomena in the containment shell and the passive heat
removal system is also realized.
It is to be understood that the foregoing is just an exemplary description
of the embodiments of the present invention and the present invention is not
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Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various
modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the
spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and
improvements should also be considered as falling within the scope of the
present invention.
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