Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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CXCR4 INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of United States Provisional
Patent Application
no. 62/867,003, filed June 26, 2019; the entire contents of which is hereby
incorporated by
reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention provides compounds useful as inhibitors of C-X-
C receptor
type 4 (CXCR4). The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions
comprising
compounds of the present invention and methods of using such compounds in the
treatment of
various diseases.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or
cluster of
differentiation 184 (CD184), is a seven transmembrane G-protein coupled
receptor (GPCR)
belonging to Class I GPCR or rhodopsin-like GPCR family. Under normal
physiological
conditions, CXCR4 carries out multiple roles and is principally expressed in
the hematopoietic
and immune systems. CXCR4 was initially discovered as one of the co-receptors
involved in
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cell entry. Subsequent studies showed that
it is expressed
in many tissues, including brain, thymus, lymphatic tissues, spleen, stomach,
and small intestine,
and also specific cell types such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), mature
lymphocytes, and
fibroblasts. CXCL12, previously designated SDF-la, is the only known ligand
for CXCR4.
CXCR4 mediates migration of stem cells during embryonic development as well as
in response
to injury and inflammation. Multiple roles have been demonstrated for CXCR4 in
human
diseases such as cellular proliferative disorders, Alzheimer's disease, HIV,
rheumatoid arthritis,
pulmonary fibrosis, and others. For example, expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12
have been
noted in several tumor types. CXCL12 is expressed by cancer-associated
fibroblast (CAFs) and
is often present at high levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In
clinical studies of a
wide range of tumor types, including breast, ovarian, renal, lung, and
melanoma, expression of
CXCR4/CXCL12 has been associated with a poor prognosis and with an increased
risk of
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metastasis to lymph nodes, lung, liver, and brain, which are sites of CXCL12
expression.
CXCR4 is frequently expressed on melanoma cells, particularly the CD133+
population that is
considered to represent melanoma stem cells; in vitro experiments and murine
models have
demonstrated that CXCL12 is chemotactic for such cells.
[0004] Furthermore, there is now evidence implicating the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis
in
contributing to the loss or lack of tumor responsiveness to angiogenesis
inhibitors (also referred
to as "angiogenic escape"). In animal cancer models, interference with CXCR4
function has
been demonstrated to alter the TME and sensitize the tumor to immune attack by
multiple
mechanisms such as elimination of tumor re-vascularization and increasing the
ratio of CD8+ T
cells to Treg cells. These effects result in significantly decreased tumor
burden and increased
overall survival in xenograft, syngeneic, and transgenic cancer models. See
Vanharanta et al.
(2013) Nat Med 19: 50-56; Gale and McColl (1999) BioEssays 21: 17-28; Highfill
et al. (2014)
Sci Transl Med 6: ra67; Facciabene et al. (2011) Nature 475: 226-230.
[0005] These data underscore the significant, unmet need for CXCR4
inhibitors to treat the
many diseases and conditions mediated by aberrant or undesired expression of
the receptor, for
example in cellular proliferative disorders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] It has now been found that compounds of the present invention, and
pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof, are effective as CXCR4 inhibitors. In one aspect,
the present invention
provides a compound of Formula I:
R4)n
A
2 R3
(R1),, (R5)P
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each variable is as
defined and described
herein.
[0007] Compounds of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable
salts thereof, and
pharmaceutical compositions thereof, are useful for treating a variety of
diseases, disorders, and
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conditions associated with CXC receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Such diseases,
disorders, and
conditions include cellular proliferative disorders (e.g., cancer) such as
those described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
/. General Description of Certain Embodiments of the Invention:
[0008] Compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable
salts thereof are
useful as inhibitors of CXCR4. Without wishing to be bound by any particular
theory, it is
believed that compounds of the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable
salts thereof, and
pharmaceutical compositions thereof, inhibit the activity of CXCR4 and thus
treat certain
diseases, such as cancer.
[0009] In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula
I:
R4)n
_ R3 A
R2
(R1), (R5)p
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Ring A is a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
carbocyclic ring,
phenyl, an 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring, a 4-8 membered
saturated or
partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms
independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a 5-6 membered monocyclic
heteroaromatic ring
having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or an 8-10
membered bicyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently
selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
each le is independently R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -NO2, -N3, -SR, or -L'-
R6;
R2 is -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -SR, -L2-R6, or optionally substituted C1-8 aliphatic;
R3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, or -L3-R6;
each -R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected
from C1.6
aliphatic, a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
carbocyclic ring,
phenyl, an 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring, a 4-8 membered
saturated or
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partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms
independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a 5-6 membered monocyclic
heteroaromatic ring
having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or an 8-10
membered bicyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently
selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
each Ll and L2 is independently a covalent bond or a C1-8 bivalent straight or
branched,
optionally substituted hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2, or 3 methylene units of
the chain are
independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -
N(R)-, -
C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -0C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)0-, -N(R)C(0)N(R)-, -S-, -SO-,
-
SO2N(R)-, -(R)NS02-, -C(S)-, -C(S)O-, -0C(S)-, -C(S)N(R)-, -(R)NC(S)-, -
(R)NC(S)N(R)-,
or -Cy-;
each -Cy- is independently a bivalent optionally substituted 3-8 membered
saturated or partially
unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring, optionally substituted phenylene, an
optionally
substituted 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
heterocyclic ring
having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, an
optionally substituted 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-4
heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, an optionally
substituted 8-10
membered bicyclic or bridged bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated
heterocyclic ring
having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or an
optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic or bridged bicyclic
heteroaromatic ring having
1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
L3 is a C1.6 bivalent straight or branched hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2, or
3 methylene units
of the chain are independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -
C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -
N(R)-, -C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -S-, -SO-, -C(S)-, or -Cy-;
each R4 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, -CN, -OR6, or C1-4
alkyl, or two R4
groups on the same carbon are optionally taken together to form =NR6, =N0R6,
=0, or =S;
each R5 is independently R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -NO2, -N3, -SR, or -L'-
R6, or two R5
groups on the same saturated carbon atom are optionally taken together to form
=NR, =NOR,
=0, =S, or a spirocyclic 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring;
each R6 is independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
deuterium or halogen atoms;
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m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
N)22z.
I A
provided that (R1)m is not the same as (R5)P
2. Compounds and Definitions:
[0010]
Compounds of the present invention include those described generally herein,
and are
further illustrated by the classes, subclasses, and species disclosed herein.
As used herein, the
following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. For purposes of
this invention, the
chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the
Elements, CAS
version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed. Additionally, general
principles of
organic chemistry are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell,
University Science
Books, Sausalito: 1999, and March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions,
Mechanisms,
and Structure, M. B. Smith and J. March, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2013,
the entire
contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0011]
The term "aliphatic" or "aliphatic group," as used herein, means a straight-
chain (i.e.,
unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that
is completely
saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, or a monocyclic
hydrocarbon or
bicyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more
units of
unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as
"carbocycle," "cycloaliphatic"
or "cycloalkyl"), that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the
molecule. Unless
otherwise specified, aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms. In
some embodiments,
aliphatic groups contain 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments,
aliphatic groups
contain 1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic
groups contain 1-3
aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain
1-2 aliphatic
carbon atoms. In some embodiments, "cycloaliphatic" (or "carbocycle" or
"cycloalkyl") refers
to a monocyclic C3-C6 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that
contains one or more
units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of
attachment to the rest
of the molecule. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to,
linear or branched,
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substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids
thereof such as
(cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
[0012] As used herein, the term "bicyclic ring" or "bicyclic ring system"
refers to any
bicyclic ring system, i.e. carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated or having
one or more units of
unsaturation, having one or more atoms in common between the two rings of the
ring system.
Thus, the term includes any permissible ring fusion, such as ortho-fused or
spirocyclic. As used
herein, the term "heterobicyclic" is a subset of "bicyclic" that requires that
one or more
heteroatoms are present in one or both rings of the bicycle. Such heteroatoms
may be present at
ring junctions and are optionally substituted, and may be selected from
nitrogen (including N-
oxides), oxygen, sulfur (including oxidized forms such as sulfones and
sulfonates), phosphorus
(including oxidized forms such as phosphates), boron, etc. In some
embodiments, a bicyclic
group has 7-12 ring members and 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur. As used herein, the term "bridged bicyclic" refers to any
bicyclic ring system,
i.e. carbocyclic or heterocyclic, saturated or partially unsaturated, having
at least one bridge. As
defined by IUPAC, a "bridge" is an unbranched chain of atoms or an atom or a
valence bond
connecting two bridgeheads, where a "bridgehead" is any skeletal atom of the
ring system which
is bonded to three or more skeletal atoms (excluding hydrogen). In some
embodiments, a
bridged bicyclic group has 7-12 ring members and 0-4 heteroatoms independently
selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Such bridged bicyclic groups are well known in
the art and include
those groups set forth below where each group is attached to the rest of the
molecule at any
substitutable carbon or nitrogen atom. Unless otherwise specified, a bridged
bicyclic group is
optionally substituted with one or more substituents as set forth for
aliphatic groups.
Additionally or alternatively, any substitutable nitrogen of a bridged
bicyclic group is optionally
substituted. Exemplary bicyclic rings include:
,
HNO0
NH
Exemplary bridged bicyclics include:
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\ \N H
N H
H N
j_7-0 N H
H N H N 0
0 01 4111
HN
I
CD NH NH CDNH
S1H 411)
irITh cSC
[0013] The term "lower alkyl" refers to a C1-4 straight or branched alkyl
group. Exemplary
lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and
tert-butyl.
[0014] The term "lower haloalkyl" refers to a C1-4 straight or branched
alkyl group that is
substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
[0015] The term "heteroatom" means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen,
phosphorus,
or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or
silicon; the
quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a
heterocyclic ring, for
example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrroly1), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or Nit+ (as
in N-substituted
pyrrolidinyl)).
[0016] The term "unsaturated", as used herein, means that a moiety has one
or more units of
unsaturati on.
[0017] As used herein, the term "bivalent C1-8 (or C1.6) saturated or
unsaturated, straight or
branched, hydrocarbon chain", refers to bivalent alkylene, alkenylene, and
alkynylene chains that
are straight or branched as defined herein.
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[0018] The term "alkylene" refers to a bivalent alkyl group. An "alkylene
chain" is a
polymethylene group, i.e., ¨(CH2),¨, wherein n is a positive integer, e.g.
from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4,
from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3. A substituted alkylene chain is a
polymethylene group
in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent.
Suitable
substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
[0019] The term "alkenylene" refers to a bivalent alkenyl group. A
substituted alkenylene
chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one double bond in which
one or more
hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include
those described
below for a substituted aliphatic group.
[0020] The term "halogen" means F, Cl, Br, or I.
[0021] The term "aryl" used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in
"aralkyl," "aralkoxy," or
"aryloxyalkyl," refers to monocyclic or bicyclic ring systems having a total
of five to fourteen
ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein
each ring in the
system contains 3 to 7 ring members. The term "aryl" may be used
interchangeably with the
term "aryl ring." In certain embodiments of the present invention, "aryl"
refers to an aromatic
ring system which includes, but not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl,
anthracyl and the like,
which may bear one or more substituents. Also included within the scope of the
term "aryl," as
it is used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or
more non¨aromatic rings,
such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or
tetrahydronaphthyl, and the
like.
[0022] The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-," used alone or as part of a
larger moiety, e.g.,
"heteroaralkyl," or "heteroaralkoxy," refer to groups having 5 to 10 ring
atoms, e.g. 5, 6, or 9
ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 7C electrons shared in a cyclic array; and
having, in addition to
carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms. The term "heteroatom" refers to
nitrogen, oxygen,
or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any
quaternized form of a
basic nitrogen. Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl,
furanyl, pyrrolyl,
imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,
oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl,
isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl,
indolizinyl, purinyl,
naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl. The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-", as
used herein, also
include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl,
cycloaliphatic, or
heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the
heteroaromatic ring.
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Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl,
dibenzofuranyl,
indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl,
phthalazinyl,
quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H¨quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,
phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl,
phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3¨b]-
1,4¨oxazin-
3(4H)¨one. A heteroaryl group may be mono¨ or bicyclic. The term "heteroaryl"
may be used
interchangeably with the terms "heteroaryl ring," "heteroaryl group," or
"heteroaromatic," any of
which terms include rings that are optionally substituted. The term
"heteroaralkyl" refers to an
alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl
portions independently
are optionally substituted.
[0023] As used herein, the terms "heterocycle," "heterocyclyl,"
"heterocyclic radical," and
"heterocyclic ring" are used interchangeably and refer to a stable 5¨ to
7¨membered monocyclic
or 7-10¨membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or
partially unsaturated,
and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, e.g. one to four,
heteroatoms, as defined
above. When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, the term
"nitrogen" includes a
substituted nitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated
ring having 0-3
heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N
(as in 3,4¨dihydro-
2H¨pyrroly1), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or +1\TR (as in N¨substituted
pyrrolidinyl).
[0024] A heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any
heteroatom or carbon
atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be
optionally substituted.
Examples of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals
include, without
limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl,
piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl,
tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl,
oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl,
dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, di azepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and
quinuclidinyl. The
terms "heterocycle," "heterocyclyl," "heterocyclyl ring," "heterocyclic
group," "heterocyclic
moiety," and "heterocyclic radical," are used interchangeably herein, and also
include groups in
which a heterocyclyl ring is fused to one or more aryl, heteroaryl, or
cycloaliphatic rings, such as
indolinyl, 3H¨indolyl, chromanyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydroquinolinyl. A
heterocyclyl
group may be mono¨ or bicyclic. The term "heterocyclylalkyl" refers to an
alkyl group
substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions
independently are
optionally substituted.
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[0025]
As used herein, the term "partially unsaturated" refers to a ring moiety that
includes
at least one double or triple bond. The term "partially unsaturated" is
intended to encompass
rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include
aryl or heteroaryl
moieties, as herein defined.
[0026]
As described herein, compounds of the invention may contain "optionally
substituted" moieties. In general, the term "substituted," whether preceded by
the term
"optionally" or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety
are replaced
with a suitable substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an "optionally
substituted" group may
have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and
when more than one
position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one
substituent selected from a
specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every
position.
Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those
that result in the
formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds. The term "stable," as
used herein, refers
to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions
to allow for their
production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery,
purification, and use for one
or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
[0027]
Each optional substituent on a substitutable carbon is a monovalent
substituent
independently selected from halogen; ¨(CH2)0_4R ; ¨(CH2)0_40R ; -0(CH2)0-4R ,
¨0¨(CH2)o-
4C(0)01V; ¨(CH2)0_4CH(OR )2; ¨(CH2)0_4SR ; ¨(CH2)0_4Ph, which may be
substituted with R ;
¨(CH2)0_40(CH2)0_11311 which may be substituted with R ; ¨CH=CHPh, which may
be substituted
with R ; ¨(CH2)0_40(CH2)0_1-pyridyl which may be substituted with R ; ¨NO2;
¨CN; ¨N3;
-(CH2)0_4N(R )2; ¨(CH2)0_4N(R )C(0)R ;
¨N(R )C(S)R ; ¨(CH2)0_4N(R )C(0)NR 2;
-N(R )C( S )NR 2 ; ¨(CH2)0-4N(R )C (0) OR ; ¨N(R )N(R ) C (0)R ; -N(R )N(R
) C (0)NR 2 ;
-N(R )N(R )C(0)0R ; ¨(CH2)0_4C(0)R ; ¨C(S)R ; ¨(CH2)0_4C(0)0R ;
¨(CH2)0_4C(0)SR ;
-(CH2)0_4C(0)0SiR 3; ¨(CH2)0_40C(0)R ; ¨0C(0)(CH2)0_4SR¨, SC(S)SR ;
¨(CH2)0_4SC(0)R ;
-(CH2)0_4C(0)NR 2; ¨C(S)NR 2; ¨C(S)SR ; ¨SC(S)SR , -(CH2)0_40C(0)NR 2;
-C(0)N(OR )R ; ¨C(0)C(0)R ; ¨C(0)CH2C(0)R ; ¨C(NOR )R ; -(CH2)0_4SSR ; ¨(CH2
)0-
4S(0)2R ; ¨(CH2)0_4S(0)20R ; ¨(CH2)0_40 S(0)2R ; ¨S(0)2NR 2; ¨S(0)(NR )R ; ¨
S(0)2N=C(NR 2)2; -(CH2)0_45(0)R ; -N(R )S(0)2NR 2; ¨N(R )S(0)2R ; ¨N(OR )R ; ¨
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C(NH)NR 2; -P(0)2R ; -P(0)R 2; -0P(0)R 2; -0P(0)(OR )2; SiR 3; -(Ci_4 straight
or branched
alkylene)O-N(R )2; or -(C1-4 straight or branched alkylene)C(0)0-N(R )2.
[0028] Each R is independently hydrogen, C1_6 aliphatic, -CH2Ph, -
0(CH2)0_11311, -CH2-(5-
6 membered heteroaryl ring), or a 5-6-membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl ring
having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or,
notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences of R , taken
together with
their intervening atom(s), form a 3-12-membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl mono-
or bicyclic ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur,
which may be substituted by a divalent substituent on a saturated carbon atom
of R selected
from =0 and =S; or each R is optionally substituted with a monovalent
substituent
independently selected from halogen, -(CH2)0_21e, -(halole), -(CH2)0_20H, -
(CH2)0_201e, -
(CH2)0_2CH(0R.)2; -0(halole), -CN, -N3, -(CH2)o-2C(0)1e, -(CH2)o-2C(0)0H, -
(CH2)o-
2C(0)01e, -(CH2)o-2Sle, -(CH2)o-2SH, -(CH2)0_2NH2, -(CH2)o-2NHR', -(CH2)o-
2NR.2, -NO2,
-Sile3, -0Sile3, -C(0)SR, -(Ci_4 straight or branched alkylene)C(0)01e, or -
SSR*.
[0029] Each le is independently selected from C1_4 aliphatic, -CH2Ph, -
0(CH2)0_11311, or a
5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4
heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and wherein each le
is unsubstituted or
where preceded by halo is substituted only with one or more halogens; or
wherein an optional
substituent on a saturated carbon is a divalent substituent independently
selected from =0, =S,
=NNR*2, =NNHC(0)R*, =NNHC(0)0R*, =NNHS(0)2R*, =NR*, =NOR*, -0(C(R*2))2_30-, or
-
S(C(R*2))2_3S-, or a divalent substituent bound to vicinal substitutable
carbons of an "optionally
substituted" group is -0(CR*2)2_30-, wherein each independent occurrence of R*
is selected
from hydrogen, C1_6 aliphatic or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated,
partially unsaturated,
or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur.
[0030] When R* is C1_6 aliphatic, R* is optionally substituted with
halogen, -R., -(halole),
-OH, -01e, -0(halole), -CN, -C(0)0H, -C(0)01e, -NH2, -NUR', -NR.2, or -NO2,
wherein
each le is independently selected from Ci_4 aliphatic, -CH2Ph, -0(CH2)0_11311,
or a 5-6-
membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms
independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and wherein each le is
unsubstituted or where
preceded by halo is substituted only with one or more halogens.
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[0031] An optional substituent on a substitutable nitrogen is independently
¨Itt, ¨
C(0)1e, ¨C(0)01e, ¨C(0)C(0)1e, ¨C(0)CH2C(0)1e, -S(0)21e, -S(0)2NR1.2,
¨C(S)NR1.2, ¨
C(NH)NR1.2, or ¨N(R1)S(0)21e; wherein each le is independently hydrogen, C1-6
aliphatic,
unsubstituted ¨0Ph, or an unsubstituted 5-6¨membered saturated, partially
unsaturated, or aryl
ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or, two
independent occurrences of Rt, taken together with their intervening atom(s)
form an
unsubstituted 3-12¨membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl mono¨ or
bicyclic ring
having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur; wherein when
le is C1_6 aliphatic, le is optionally substituted with halogen, ¨1e, -
(halole), -OH, ¨01e, ¨
0(halole), ¨CN, ¨C(0)0H, ¨C(0)01e, ¨NH2, ¨NUR', ¨NR.2, or ¨NO2, wherein each
le is
independently selected from C1_4 aliphatic, ¨CH2Ph, ¨0(CH2)0_11311, or a 5-
6¨membered
saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms
independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and wherein each le is unsubstituted or where
preceded by halo is
substituted only with one or more halogens.
[0032] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers
to those salts
which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in
contact with the
tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation,
allergic response and the
like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
Pharmaceutically acceptable
salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et al., describe
pharmaceutically
acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19,
incorporated herein by
reference. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this
invention include those
derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of
pharmaceutically
acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed
with inorganic acids
such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid
and perchloric acid
or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric
acid, citric acid,
succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such
as ion exchange.
Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate,
aspartate,
benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate,
camphorsulfonate, citrate,
cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate,
fumarate,
glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate,
hexanoate, hydroiodide,
2¨hydroxy¨ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate,
malate, maleate,
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malonate, methanesulfonate, 2¨naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate,
oleate, oxalate,
palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3¨phenylpropionate, phosphate,
pivalate, propionate,
stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p¨toluenesulfonate,
undecanoate, valerate salts,
and the like.
[0033] Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline
earth metal,
ammonium and 1\1+(Ci_4alky1)4 salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth
metal salts include
sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further
pharmaceutically
acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary
ammonium, and
amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate,
sulfate,
phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
[0034] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant
to include all
isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or
conformational)) forms of the
structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center,
Z and E double
bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers. Therefore, single
stereochemical isomers as
well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)
mixtures of the present
compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all
tautomeric forms
of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Additionally, unless
otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include
compounds that differ only
in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example,
compounds having the
present structures including the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or
tritium, or the
replacement of a carbon by a 13C- or 14C-enriched carbon are within the scope
of this invention.
Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools, as probes in
biological assays, or as
therapeutic agents in accordance with the present invention. In certain
embodiments, a warhead
moiety, Rl, of a provided compound comprises one or more deuterium atoms.
[0035] As used herein, the term "inhibitor" is defined as a compound that
binds to and /or
inhibits CXCR4 with measurable affinity. In certain embodiments, an inhibitor
has an ICso
and/or binding constant of less than about 100 M, less than about 50 M, less
than about 1 M,
less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, less than about 10 nM, or less
than about 1 nM.
[0036] The terms "measurable affinity" and "measurably inhibit," as used
herein, means a
measurable change in CXCR4 activity between a sample comprising a compound of
the present
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invention, or composition thereof, and CXCR4, and an equivalent sample
comprising CXCR4, in
the absence of said compound, or composition thereof.
3. Description of Exemplary Embodiments:
[0037] In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of Formula
I:
A
R2R3
(R1),, (R5)p
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Ring A is a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
carbocyclic ring,
phenyl, an 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring, a 4-8 membered
saturated or
partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms
independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a 5-6 membered monocyclic
heteroaromatic ring
having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or an 8-10
membered bicyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently
selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
each le is independently R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -NO2, -N3, -SR, or -L'-
R6;
R2 is -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -SR, -L2-R6, or optionally substituted C1-8 aliphatic;
R3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, or -L3-R6;
each -R is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected
from C1.6
aliphatic, a 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
carbocyclic ring,
phenyl, an 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring, a 4-8 membered
saturated or
partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms
independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, a 5-6 membered monocyclic
heteroaromatic ring
having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or an 8-10
membered bicyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently
selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
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each Ll and L2 is independently a covalent bond or a C1-8 bivalent straight or
branched,
optionally substituted hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2, or 3 methylene units of
the chain are
independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -
N(R)-, -
C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -0C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)0-, -N(R)C(0)N(R)-, -S-, -SO-,
-
SO2N(R)-, -(R)NS02-, -C(S)-, -C(S)O-, -0C(S)-, -C(S)N(R)-, -(R)NC(S)-, -
(R)NC(S)N(R)-,
or -Cy-;
each -Cy- is independently a bivalent optionally substituted 3-8 membered
saturated or partially
unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring, optionally substituted phenylene, an
optionally
substituted 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
heterocyclic ring
having 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, an
optionally substituted 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-4
heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, an optionally
substituted 8-10
membered bicyclic or bridged bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated
heterocyclic ring
having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, or an
optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic or bridged bicyclic
heteroaromatic ring having
1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur;
L3 is a C1.6 bivalent straight or branched hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2, or
3 methylene units
of the chain are independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -
C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -
N(R)-, -C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -S-, -SO-, -C(S)-, or -Cy-;
each R4 is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, -CN, -OR6, or C1-4
alkyl, or two R4
groups on the same carbon are optionally taken together to form =NR6, =N0R6,
=0, or =S;
each R5 is independently R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -NO2, -N3, -SR, or -L'-
R6, or two R5
groups on the same saturated carbon atom are optionally taken together to form
=NR, =NOR,
=0, =S, or a spirocyclic 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring;
each R6 is independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, or 6
deuterium or halogen atoms;
m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
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N iss5
I A
)lR2
provided that (R1 )m is not the same as (R5)p
[0038] As defined generally above, Ring A is a 3-8 membered saturated or
partially
unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring, phenyl, an 8-10 membered bicyclic
aromatic
carbocyclic ring, a 4-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
heterocyclic ring
having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, a 5-6 membered
monocyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected
from nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-10 membered bicyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-5
heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0039] In some embodiments, Ring A is a 3-8 membered saturated or partially
unsaturated
monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, Ring A is phenyl. In some
embodiments,
Ring A is an 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring. In some
embodiments, Ring A
is a 4-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic
ring having 1-2
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some
embodiments,
Ring A is a 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms
independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments,
Ring A is an 8-
membered bicyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently
selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0040] In some embodiments, Ring A is a 5-6 membered monocyclic
heteroaromatic ring
having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur.
[0041] In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from:
N
I
YNO
.2tr NO V =V ,2. N
N¨S
NH 0 )......,:z.vS
r"\N
N...,..
H µ µ \ V
r
1,¨...N--\ NI¨N N\ ::----- ND -- N
0 N) N
,1\1
I
NI, ',NI A 1 N 1 ,
N..,. vN.
,?.....õ----:\...õõN µ.....õ----=*
N µz.{
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0
µ
j li 7N ''zLN
'o
0 0---\
0 0
X5) I a N, I I
YI\I L'zz.N µ N
a i------7A C fr-S
NN \ N NI \)
N . N ___________________________________________________________________
I I I \ II N
Yµ) µ)N)
r------0
1 ilfr N
N
N* N I \
H
\ \. .2?2_,, N . N
, or .
n N
I I
zz. N
µ)
[0042] In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from '2-
, ,
0
N N 1\1
I 1 1 j I ) ) I csssi
1
tii.N - N N N µ N µ71\1 `,zL N \ N N
ATh
0 0---\
0----\ 0 0
sssy
I
I
N ., I -kl\I L'zz.N
, or . In some embodiments,
Ring A is selected from
N
I I I I
, or '2- . In some embodiments, Ring A is '2. .
[0043] In some embodiments, Ring A is selected from those depicted in Table
1, below.
[0044] As defined generally above, each le is independently R, halogen, -
CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -
NO2, -N3, -SR, or -L'-R6.
[0045] In some embodiments, le is R. In some embodiments, le is halogen. In
some
embodiments, le is -CN. In some embodiments, le is -OR. In some embodiments,
le is -N(R)2.
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In some embodiments, le is -NO2. In some embodiments, le is -N3. In some
embodiments, le
is -SR. In some embodiments, le is 42-R6.
[0046]
In some embodiments, le is hydrogen. In some embodiments, le is an optionally
substituted C1-6 aliphatic group. In some embodiments, le is an optionally
substituted 3-8
membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring.
In some
embodiments, le is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, le
is an optionally
substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring. In some
embodiments, le is an
optionally substituted 4-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated
monocyclic heterocyclic
ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur. In some
embodiments, le is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered monocyclic
heteroaromatic ring
having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur. In some
embodiments, le is an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic
heteroaromatic ring having
1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0047]
In some embodiments, le is selected from R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -SR, C1-
6
aliphatic, or 42-R6, wherein
is a C1-6 bivalent straight or branched hydrocarbon chain
wherein 1, 2, or 3 methylene units of the chain are independently and
optionally replaced with -
0-, -C(0)-, -N(R) -S-, -SO-, -
C(S)-, or -Cy-; wherein the C1-6 hydrocarbon chain is
optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from
halogen, -CN, -N(R)2, -
NO2, -N3, =NR, =NOR, =0, =S, -OR, -SR, -SO2R, -S(0)R, -R, -Cy-R, -C(0)R, -
C(0)0R,
0 C (0)R, -C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)R,
C (0 )N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)OR, -N(R)C(0)N(R)2, -
502N(R)2, -(R)NSO2R, -C(S)R, or -C(S)OR; and each -R is independently
hydrogen, -CH2-
phenyl, phenyl, C1.6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -
CH2F, -CHF2, -
CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R is independently hydrogen or methyl; or -
R is
hydrogen.
[0048]
In some embodiments, le is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl
(optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogens), -CN, -N(R)2, -OR, -SR, -S(0)R6, -502R6,
-SO2NHR6,
N Wc -R
prsj
.nra4 r\'` r NH
r
H
HN
R6 0 HN =R6
R6 0 , R6 R6 R6 0
R6
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R
1¨N, pPrs\,.
r \ ' r\ -NH n 1\FF .5,,c, R r NH r NH
NH
0 0 H N H N ,_. kr. --1 NI H N \J H N ,,,....,\
H N
R6 R6 R6 R6
, , , n IN ...,...,,./ 1R6 ...****--'
R6 R6 R6 ,
i ( *3 -3 1 -3
NH r\ -NH 4
Pri.r\ ---..,.., (
\J NH r r N H r y r\Th
H N ,\J HN
'-ir sR6 H11\4,\J H N H N \J H N HN
R6 0 R6 R6 R6 R6 R6
, , , , , ,
,
R , rrri
1¨N1 \.-
r.rrs rrPr ri*Pr ---..,
r NH R6 R6
r\') HNi\i0 R6 A-
I Th yi-i
H N J I
HN 1\1,-A, HN
- - ,\) H N "Y / /
R6 R6, R6, R6 \ R6 '\. , N ,
, , ,
R6 R6 R6 R6
-AN tiR6 N-k NH-N ilk N - 1
k ri% - N L.I IV LI \ N ti 2
/'N' `2('N' ,2, /-N1' '?zz( -S
H ,or
; and each -R is independently hydrogen, -
CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -CHF2,
-CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R is independently hydrogen or methyl; or
-R is
hydrogen.
[0049]
In some embodiments, le is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, -CN, -
1 ________________ Hi-6
N-R .rPrj\ J.r.rj\ F
HN HN n - 1<f¨F
R-, 0...,__\- IFR6 H N H N
N(R)2, -OR, -SR, 0 , R6, 0 R6, R6
HI\1.> 'R6,
,
\,. pcsj\,
r NH NH
=PriL =PPP 1 trjj\
Hc \-y H prrr 1 (*3 1 4-3
........,
r\ -NH n NH r,\-.NH r r\
NH
H N \J H N H N Xl \ H N y \R6 HN \J H N H N ,\J
R6 R6 R6 R6 0 R6 R6 R6
, , ,
,
_ _
1 4-3
1-0 /
1¨N H
R .rPri
jNILD ____________________________________________ R6 prc posr rrPr
r 0 r` r`') i_ Th H
H N J HN \, FINIA N
N .......A.- HN
HN...,,,\>
R6 R6, R6 - - R6 R6
R6 , or
, ,
NH
HN
A R6; and each -R is independently hydrogen, -CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl,
cyclopropyl,
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cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3;
or each -R is
independently hydrogen or methyl; or -R is hydrogen.
[0050] In some embodiments, le is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[0051] As defined generally above, R2 is -CN, -OR, -N(R)2, -SR, -L2-R6, or
optionally
substituted C1-8 aliphatic.
[0052] In some embodiments, R2 is -CN. In some embodiments, R2 is -OR. In
some
embodiments, R2 is -N(R)2. In some embodiments, R2 is -SR. In some
embodiments, R2 is -L2-
R6. In some embodiments, R2 is optionally substituted C1-8 aliphatic.
[0053] In some embodiments, R2 is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-
7, C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, Cl
-
6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, C2-4, or C1-3 straight or
branched aliphatic group
substituted with one instance of -CN, -N(R)2, -NO2, -N3, =NR, =NOR, -
C(0)N(R)2, -
(R)NC(0)R, -0C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)0R, -N(R)C(0)N(R)2, -502N(R)2, -(R)NSO2R, -
C(S)R, -
C(S)OR, or a 4-6 membered saturated, partially unsatured, or heteroaromatic
heterocycle
containing 1, 2, or 3 nitrogen atoms, and further optionally substituted with
1, 2, or 3 groups
independently selected from deuterium, halogen, -CN, -N(R)2, -NO2, -N3, =NR,
=NOR, =0, =S,
-OR, -SR, -502R, -S(0)R, -R, -Cy-R, -C(0)R, -C(0)0R, -0C(0)R, -C(0)N(R)2, -
(R)NC(0)R, -
0C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)0R, -N(R)C(0)N(R)2, -502N(R)2, -(R)NSO2R, -C(S)R, or -
C(S)OR.
[0054] In some embodiments, R2 is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-
7, C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, Cl-
6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, C2-4, or C1-3 straight or
branched aliphatic group
substituted with one instance of -CN, -N(R)2, or -Cy-R6, wherein 1, 2, or 3
methylene units of the
aliphatic group are independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -
N(R)-, -S-, -SO-, -
SO2-, -502N(R)-, -(R)N502-, -C(S)-, or -Cy-. In some embodiments, each -R is
independently
hydrogen, -CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -
CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R is independently hydrogen
or methyl; or
-R is hydrogen.
[0055] In some embodiments, R2 is a C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, or Cg
straight or branched
aliphatic group substituted with one instance of -CN, -N(R)2, or -Cy-R6,
wherein 1, 2, or 3
methylene units of the aliphatic group are independently and optionally
replaced with -0-, -
C(0)-, -N(R) -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -502N(R)-, -(R)N502-, -C(S)-, or -Cy-. In some
embodiments,
each -R is independently hydrogen, -CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl,
cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
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cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R
is
independently hydrogen or methyl; or -R is hydrogen.
[0056]
In some embodiments, R2 is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7, C3-7,
C4-7, C5-7, Cl
-
6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, C2-4, or C1-3 straight-chain
alkyl group substituted with one
instance of -CN, -N(R)2, =NR, =NOR, -C(0)N(R)2, or -Cy-R6, wherein 1 or 2, or
3 methylene
units of the alkyl group are independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -
N(R)-, or -Cy-.
[0057]
In some embodiments, R2 is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7, C3-7,
C4-7, C5-7, Cl
-
6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, C2-4, or C1-3 straight-chain or
branched alkyl group
substituted with one instance of -CN, -N(R)2, or -C(0)N(R)2 or wherein 1 or 2
methylene units
of the alkyl group are independently replaced with -N(R)-; and -R is selected
from C1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups selected from deuterium,
halogen, -CN, -OH, OMe, -
SH, or -SMe.
[0058]
In some embodiments, R2 is a C2-8, C2-6, or C3-6 straight-chain or branched
alkyl
group substituted with one instance of -N(R)2 or -C(0)N(R)2 or wherein 1
methylene unit of the
alkyl group is replaced with -N(R)-; and -R is selected from C1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with
1, 2, or 3 groups selected from deuterium, halogen, -CN, -OH, OMe, -SH, or -
SMe.
[0059]
In some embodiments, R2 is a bivalent, straight C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8,
C6-8, C2-7,
C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, C1-6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, C2-4, or C1-
3 alkylene group wherein 1
methylene unit of the alkylene group is optionally replaced with -0-, -S-, or -
N(R)-; and wherein
the alkylene group is substituted with -Cy-R.
[0060]
In some embodiments, R2 is -(CH2)1-6-CN, -(CH2)1.6-N(R)(R6), -(CH2)1-6-
C(0)N(R)2,
-(CH2)1-6-0R6, or -(CH2)0.6-Cy-R6.
[0061]
In some embodiments, R2 is -(CH2)1-6-CN, -(CH2)0-3-N(R)-(CH2)1.3-R6, -0-(CH2)1-
3-
N(R)(R6), -0-(CH2)0-3-(CMe2)-(CH2)0-3-N(R)(R6), -CMe2-CH2-N(R)(R6), -(CH2)1.6 -
N(R)(R6),
(*6 rrc (*6
,,(\\
HINC.µ HN I- -1-R6 \--R6 H Nr
(CH2)1-6-C(0)N(R)2, -(CH2)1.6-0R6, R- R6 HN- I HN-
R6
( 5 __
( N-R ( -6 ( -6
NH
0
µR6 HN
HN HN R6
R6 0 0 R6 R6 R6
R6
,
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1-6 F t ( 1-6 -1-6 ( ,L
R INH r NH r
NH
HN HN r NI HN H N H
N \,c
R6 R6 HN 1:z6 R6 R6 R6
r *6--NH .....õ, _____________________ R6 (a, NH
H N J N NH r\-` k.
HNõ\J H R6 HN HN .,\J 0
.,\ I -R6
R6 0 , R6 R6
-
- t (*6 -
I R6 R6 R6
y -R6 t ()6 t (i_6 N--1- N.I1 ,
11-1-µ
____________ _ ,
N R , r\-N 1.1 ,N 1.I 2N
IR-=, R6 t K-6T-ji t ( <-
6T-1 t (2,61
_ N N
or
R6
N-k
7
[0062] In some embodiments, R2 is -CH2-N(R)2, -(CH2)2-N(R)2, -(CH2)3-N(R)2,
-(CH2)4-
N(R)2, -(CH2)5-N(R)2, or -(CH2)6-N(R)2. In some embodiments, R2 is -CH2-NH2, -
(CH2)2-NH2, -
(CH2)3-NH2, -(CH2)4-NH2, -(CH2)5-NH2, -(CH2)6-NH2, -(CH2)3-NHMe, -(CH2)3-NMe2,
-(CH2)3-
NHEt, -(CH2)3-NEt2, -(CH2)3-N(Me)Et, -(CH2)3-NH(i-Pr), -(CH2)3-NMe(i-Pr), -
(CH2)3-NEt(i-
Pr), -(CH2)3-N(i-Pr)2, -(CH2)3-C(0)NH2, -(CH2)3-C(0)NHMe, or -(CH2)3-C(0)NMe2.
[0063] In some embodiments of R2, each -R is independently hydrogen, -CH2-
phenyl,
phenyl, C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -
CHF2, -CF3, -
CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R is independently hydrogen or methyl; or -R is
hydrogen.
[0064] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[0065] As defined generally above, R3 is hydrogen, optionally substituted
C1-6 aliphatic, or -
L3-R6.
[0066] In some embodiments, R3 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R3 is
optionally
substituted C1.6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R3 is -L3-R6.
[0067] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl
optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from deuterium,
halogen, -CN, -N(R)2, -
NO2, -N3, =NR, =NOR, =0, =S, -OR, -SR, -SO2R, -S(0)R, -R, -Cy-R, -C(0)R, -
C(0)0R, -
OC(0)R, -C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)R, -0C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)0R, -N(R)C(0)N(R)2, -
22
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SO2N(R)2, -(R)NSO2R, -C(S)R, or -C(S)OR. In some embodiments, R3 is selected
from
hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or
halogen atoms), -
(CH2)1-6-CN, -(CH2)1-6-N(R)(R6), -(CH2)1-6-0R6, or -(CH2)0-6-Cy-R6. In some
embodiments, R3
is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl (optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
deuterium or halogen
1 __________________________________________________________________ ()6
1 __________________________________________________________ (1-6
HN...,_/\ R6
rc-= 0 \
atoms), -(CH2)1.6-CN, -(CH2)1.6-N(R)(R6), -(CH2)1.6-0R6,
R6 , ,
( -6 / ( -6 / ( Q1-6 F __ t
()6
..".....
R r NH
r 1 i
NH
0õ,...An 0,\J HN HN rTh_r4 HN
\J
R6 R6 R6 R6 HN sR6 R6
, , , , ,
,
H)16
.."..... H) 6
r\"NH r NH r"NH HN ,\J r\ NH
i\-
HN xc HN \'c H N \,1..
II R6 HI,\J O\)
R6 R6 R6 0 R6 R6
, , , , ,
,
-
-(-1-6
y
R6 1 4-6 -R6 -(-1-6
I
HN 1\ N, t-R6 -R6 1
li R6
N
) N
- I
, , - i - N , ,
,
R6 R6 R6 R6
N --1 ON ilk 1\1-1µ
LI N LI 21\1 LI \,N LI i
t ( )al'
, or (S . In some embodiments, each -R
is
independently hydrogen, -CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R is
independently hydrogen
or methyl; or -R is hydrogen.
[0068]
In some embodiments, R3 is hydrogen or C1.6 alkyl optionally substituted with
1, 2, or
3 deuterium or halogen atoms, phenyl, pyridyl, -CN, -N(R)2, or -OR, wherein
each -R is
independently hydrogen, -CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R is
independently hydrogen
or methyl; or -R is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R3 is C1-4 alkyl optionally
substituted with
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N,
,N
____________________________________________________________________________
, pyridyl, -N(R)2, -CN, or 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms, wherein -R
is
hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl. In some embodiments, R3 is methyl, ethyl, -CD3, or -
CH2CF3. In some
embodiments, R3 is methyl.
[0069] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[0070]
As defined generally above, each Ll and L2 is a covalent bond or a C1-8
bivalent
straight or branched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2,
or 3 methylene units
of the chain are independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -
C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -
N(R)-, -C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -0C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)0-, -N(R)C(0)N(R)-, -S-, -
SO-, -
SO2-, -SO2N(R)-, -(R)NS02-, -C(S)-, -C(S)O-, -0C(S)-, -C(S)N(R)-, -(R)NC(S)-, -
(R)NC(S)N(R)-, or -Cy-.
[0071]
In some embodiments, Ll is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, LI- is a C1-
8, C2-
8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7, C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, C1-6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-
5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, or C2-4
bivalent straight or branched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon chain. In
some embodiments,
LI- is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7, C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, C1-6, C2-
6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, Cl-
4, or C2-4 bivalent straight or branched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon
chain wherein 1, 2, or
3 methylene units of the chain are independently and optionally replaced with -
0-, -C(0)-, -
C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -N(R)-, -C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -0C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)0-, -
N(R)C(0)N(R)-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -502N(R)-, -(R)N502-, -C(S)-, -C(S)O-, -0C(S)-
, -C(S)N(R)-
, -(R)NC(S)-, -(R)NC(S)N(R)-, or -Cy-.
[0072]
In some embodiments, LI- is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7, C3-7,
C4-7, C5-7, C1-6,
C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, or C2-4 bivalent straight or
branched, optionally substituted
hydrocarbon chain. In some embodiments,
is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7, C3-7, C4-7,
C5-7, C1-6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, or C2-4 bivalent
straight or branched, optionally
substituted hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2, or 3 methylene units of the chain
are independently
and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -N(R)-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -502N(R)-,
-(R)N502-, -
C(S)-, or -Cy-, and each -R is independently hydrogen, -CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-
6 alkyl,
cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -
CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3;
or each -R is independently hydrogen or methyl; or -R is hydrogen.
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[0073] In some embodiments, L' is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[0074] In some embodiments, L2 is a covalent bond. In some embodiments, L2
is a C1-8
bivalent straight or branched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon chain. In
some embodiments,
L2 is a C1-8 bivalent straight or branched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon
chain wherein 1, 2,
or 3 methylene units of the chain are independently and optionally replaced
with -0-, -C(0)-, -
C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -N(R)-, -C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -0C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)0-, -
N(R)C(0)N(R)-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -SO2N(R)-, -(R)NS02-, -C(S)-, -C(S)O-, -0C(S)-
, -C(S)N(R)-
, -(R)NC(S)-, -(R)NC(S)N(R)-, or -Cy-.
[0075] In some embodiments, L2 is a C1-8, C2-8, C3-8, C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-
7, C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, C1-6,
C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, or C2-4 bivalent straight or
branched, optionally substituted
hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2, or 3 methylene units of the chain are
independently and
optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -N(R) -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -502N(R)-, -
(R)N502-, -C(S)-, or
-Cy-, and each -R is independently hydrogen, -CH2-phenyl, phenyl, C1-6 alkyl,
cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3;
or each -R is
independently hydrogen or methyl; or -R is hydrogen.
[0076] In some embodiments, L2 is a C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, or Cg
bivalent straight or
branched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon chain wherein 1, 2, or 3
methylene units of the
chain are independently and optionally replaced with -0-, -C(0)-, -N(R)-, -S-,
-SO-, -SO2-, -
502N(R)-, -(R)N502-, -C(S)-, or -Cy-, and each -R is independently hydrogen, -
CH2-phenyl,
phenyl, C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2F, -
CHF2, -CF3, -
CH2CHF2, or -CH2CF3; or each -R is independently hydrogen or methyl; or -R is
hydrogen.
[0077] In some embodiments, L2 is a bivalent, straight, Ci-8, C2-8, C3-8,
C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7,
C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, C1-6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, or C2-4
hydrocarbon chain optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from deuterium,
halogen, -CN, -N(R)2, -
NO2, -N3, =NR, =NOR, =0, =S, -OR, -SR, -502R, -S(0)R, -R, -Cy-R, -C(0)R, -
C(0)0R, -
0 C (0)R, -C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)R, -0 C (0 )N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)OR, -N(R)C(0)N(R)2,
-
502N(R)2, -(R)NSO2R, -C(S)R, or -C(S)OR.
[0078] In some embodiments, L2 is a bivalent, straight, Ci-8, C2-8, C3-8,
C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7,
C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, C1-6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, or C2-4
hydrocarbon chain optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from -CN, -N(R)2,
=NR, =NOR, =0,
CA 03144650 2021-12-21
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=S, -OR, -SR, -SO2R, -S(0)R, -C(0)0R, -0C(0)R, -C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)R, -
0C(0)N(R)2, -
(R)NC(0)0R, -N(R)C(0)N(R)2, -SO2N(R)2, or -(R)NSO2R.
[0079] In some embodiments, L2 is a bivalent, straight, C1-8, C2-8, C3-8,
C4-8, C5-8, C6-8, C2-7,
C3-7, C4-7, C5-7, C1-6, C2-6, C3-6, C4-6, C1-5, C2-5, C3-5, C1-4, or C2-4
hydrocarbon chain optionally
substituted with 1, 2, or 3 groups independently selected from -CN, -N(R)2,
=NR, =0, -
(R)NC(0)R, -C(0)N(R)2, -(R)NC(0)R, or -0 C (0 )N(R)2.
[0080] In some embodiments, L2 is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[0081] As defined generally above, each -Cy- is independently a bivalent
optionally
substituted 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic
carbocyclic ring,
optionally substituted phenylene, an optionally substituted 3-8 membered
saturated or partially
unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms independently
selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, an optionally substituted 5-6 membered monocyclic
heteroaromatic
ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur, an
optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic or bridged bicyclic saturated or
partially
unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected
from nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur, or an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic or
bridged bicyclic
heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur.
[0082] In some embodiments, -Cy- is a bivalent optionally substituted 3-8
membered
saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some
embodiments, -Cy- is an
optionally substituted phenylene. In some embodiments, -Cy- is an optionally
substituted 3-8
membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring
having 1-3
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some
embodiments, -
Cy- is an optionally substituted 5-6 membered monocyclic heteroaromatic ring
having 1-4
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some
embodiments, -
Cy- is an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic or bridged bicyclic
saturated or partially
unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected
from nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, -Cy- is an optionally substituted 8-10
membered
bicyclic or bridged bicyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms
independently selected
from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
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.roj .roj
HN"\ )
\ \
H N/, H N/N
[0083] In some embodiments, -Cy- is is'
, F , sr`j\L
xrPa prij\
"4 poj
_____________________ F -rssrj\r- ,R NH NH n NH n NH
r(N,F1
j HN y
HN HN I ¨
HN N HN sR HN \I
-.... "....=\ --if ,,,,
1 HN HN
rej
rrPr \1 / rrrr ri*Pr .Prjj '11,, "1-
61.,
\NH
Th\IH r
HNj HNj10 _ N-,TA, 6 R HN ,\)6 HN ,Re \> HN7
c
I )
R6
R N
ONAN %/VW ..IVVV .AAJV
;Wk -
\ /
N N-1-N N-1 &1\N V N ux \ N-1) 1\11T-$
14N µ
,i LI, , L._ \
-. N '
N -2" H , H , 1 H H
H or
,
,V/1\1/Nci
.
[0084] In some embodiments, -Cy- is selected from those depicted in Table
1, below.
[0085] As defined generally above, 1_,3 is a C1.6 bivalent straight or
branched hydrocarbon
chain wherein 1, 2, or 3 methylene units of the chain are independently and
optionally replaced
with -0-, -C(0)-, -C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -N(R)-, -C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -S-, -SO-,
-SO2-, -C(S)-,
or -Cy-.
[0086] In some embodiments, 1_,3 is a C1.6 bivalent straight or branched
hydrocarbon chain.
In some embodiments, 1_,3 is a C1.6 bivalent straight or branched hydrocarbon
chain wherein 1, 2,
or 3 methylene units of the chain are independently and optionally replaced
with -0-, -C(0)-, -
C(0)0-, -0C(0)-, -N(R)-, -C(0)N(R)-, -(R)NC(0)-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -C(S)-, or -
Cy-.
[0087] In some embodiments, 1_,3 is selected from those depicted in Table
1, below.
[0088] As defined generally above, each le is independently hydrogen,
deuterium, halogen, -
CN, -0R6, or C1-4 alkyl, or two R4 groups on the same carbon are optionally
taken together to
form =NR6, =NOR6, =0, or =S.
[0089] In some embodiments, R4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R4 is
deuterium. In
some embodiments, R4 is halogen. In some embodiments, R4 is ¨CN. In some
embodiments, R4
is -0R6. In some embodiments, R4 is C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, two R4
groups on the
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same carbon are taken together to form =NR6, =NOR6, =0, or =S.
[0090] In some embodiments, R4 is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, -CN, C1-2
alkyl, or two R4
groups on the same carbon are taken together to form =0 or S.
[0091] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[0092] As defined generally above, each R5 is independently -R, halogen, -
CN, -OR, -N(R)2,
-NO2, -N3, -SR, or -12-R6, or two R5 groups on the same saturated carbon atom
are optionally
taken together to form =NR, =NOR, =0, =S, or a spirocyclic 3-6 membered
carbocyclic ring.
[0093] In some embodiments, R5 is -R. In some embodiments, R5 is halogen.
In some
embodiments, R5 is -CN. In some embodiments, R5 is ¨OR. In some embodiments,
R5 is -
N(R)2. In some embodiments, R5 is -NO2. In some embodiments, R5 is -N3. In
some
embodiments, R5 is -SR. In some embodiments, R5 is -12-R6. In some
embodiments, two R5
groups on the same saturated carbon atom are taken together to form =NR, =NOR,
=0, =S, or a
spirocyclic 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring.
[0094] In some embodiments, R5 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R5 is an
optionally
substituted C1-6 aliphatic group. In some embodiments, R5 is a C1-6 alkyl
group optionally
substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some
embodiments, R5 is an
optionally substituted 3-8 membered saturated or partially unsaturated
monocyclic carbocyclic
ring. In some embodiments, R5 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some
embodiments, R5 is
an optionally substituted 8-10 membered bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic ring.
In some
embodiments, R5 is an optionally substituted 4-8 membered saturated or
partially unsaturated
monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-2 heteroatoms independently selected
from nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R5 is an optionally substituted 5-6
membered
monocyclic heteroaromatic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected
from nitrogen,
oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R5 is an optionally substituted 8-10
membered bicyclic
heteroaromatic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from
nitrogen, oxygen, or
sulfur.
[0095] In some embodiments, R5 is hydrogen, C1.6 alkyl, halogen, -CN, -CF3,
-CD3,
isss A
cyclopropyl, ethynyl, -OCH3, -0CF3, or 0 . In some embodiments, R5 is
methyl.
[0096] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[0097] As defined generally above, each R6 is independently hydrogen or C1-
6 alkyl
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WO 2020/264292 PCT/US2020/039816
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms.
[0098]
In some embodiments, R6 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R6 is C1-6 alkyl
optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 deuterium or halogen atoms.
[0099]
In some embodiments, R6 is C1-3 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3
deuterium
or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R6 is methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl.
[00100] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from those depicted in Table 1,
below.
[00101] As defined generally above, m is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some embodiments, m
is 0. In some
embodiments, m is 1. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, m is 3.
In some
embodiments, m is 0, 1, or 2. In some embodiments, m is 1, 2, or 3.
[00102]
As defined generally above, n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, n is
0. In
some embodiments, n is 1. In some embodiments, n is 2. In some embodiments, n
is 3. In some
embodiments, n is 4. In some embodiments, n is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some
embodiments, n is 0, 1, or
2. In some embodiments, n is 1, 2, or 3.
[00103]
As defined generally above, p is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments, p is
0. In
some embodiments, p is 1. In some embodiments, p is 2. In some embodiments, p
is 3. In some
embodiments, p is 4. In some embodiments, p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. In some
embodiments, p is 0, 1, or
2. In some embodiments, p is 1, 2, or 3.
[00104] As defined generally above, the compound of Formula I or
pharmaceutically
A
R2
acceptable salt thereof is provided such that (R )m
is not the same as (R5)P . By way
)/R2
of explanation and for purposes of clarity, it is understood that (R )m
does not define the
A
identical chemical moiety as
(R5) . In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I is
not a symmetrical compound. In some embodiments, Ring A is 2-pyridyl and R5 is
not the same
as R2. In some embodiments, Ring A is 2-pyridyl and R5 is not attached at the
3-position (i.e.,
the same location on the pyridyl ring as as R2). In some embodiments, Ring A
is not a 2-pyridyl.
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In some embodiments, R5 is methyl.
[00105] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula II-a or
II-b:
R'4)n R4)n
==
N`µµ
A A
R2
R3I 2R3
(R1), (R5)p (R1), (R5)P
II-a II-b
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of Ring A, RI-,
R2, R3, R4, R5, m, n,
and p is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and
in combination.
[00106] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula III:
A
R2 R3
(R1)0-1 (R5)III
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of Ring A, le, R2,
R3, R5, and p is as
defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in
combination.
[00107] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula IV-a
or IV-b:
R4 R4 R4
A A
9 R3 R-
9 R3
(R1),õ (R5)p (R1)m (R5)P
IV-a IV-b
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of Ring A, RI-,
R2, R3, R4, R5, m, and
p is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in
combination.
[00108] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula V-a,
V-b, or V-c:
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R`/) n R41) n ...õ======
N N N N N N
1 , 1 N I 1 N 5 I 1 N
(-R2 R3 (R5)p )(R2 R3 (R)p R2 R3 R5
(R1)0-1 (R1)m (R1)m
V-a V-b V-c
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of le, R2, R3, R4,
R5, m, and p is as
defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in
combination.
[00109] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula VI-a
or VI-b:
7)R41) n R'4) n
R5
7NNrL N
I I I I Y
R3 r\i'= )(R2 R3 N
(R1)0-1 (R1)0-1
VI-a VI-b
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of le, R2, R3, R4,
R5, m, and n is as
defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in
combination. In some
embodiments, R2 and R5 are not the same. In some embodiments, le is absent (m
= 0) and R2
and R5 are not the same. In some embodiments, R5 is methyl, isopropyl,
halogen, -0Me, or -
CF3.
[00110] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula VII-a
or VII-b:
R5 R5
N N Nõ,s=N==,õ(
1 I I I 1 I
R2 R3 N% )(%R2 R3 N%
>(x
(R1)m (R1)m
VII-a VII-b
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of le, R2, R3, R4,
R5, m, and n is as
defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in
combination. In some
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embodiments, R2 and R5 are not the same. In some embodiments, le is absent and
R2 and R5 are
not the same. In some embodiments, R5 is methyl, isopropyl, halogen, -0Me, or -
CF3.
[00111] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula VIII-
a, VIII-b, VIII-c, VIII-d, VIII-e, or VIII-f:
R=4),, R=4),,
R5 R5 R4),1
N7N\r N/N\r R5
I I I 1 I
R3 N >/, R3 N NZN\r
(R1)0-1 (Ri)o-i
N
Cy 1-6
I (R1)0-1
N(R)2 R6 N(R)2
VIII-a VIII-b VIII-c
R41)n R4)n
R4)11 R5 R5
R5 N N\r NZN\r
I H I
N )(
(R21 (R
N )
1)o 1)o-i 1-6
1-6
(R1)0-1 Cy\ Cy\
N(R)2 R6 R6
VIII-d VIII-e VIII-f
, R4, Rs, R6,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R, le, R3 -
Cy-, and n
is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in
combination. In
some embodiments, R5 is methyl, isopropyl, halogen, -0Me, or -CF3.
[00112] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound of
Formula IX-a,
IX-b, IX-c, IX-d, IX-e, or IX-f:
...õ...--.,
.......---.., .......----,õ R5
R5 R5
,õ.N ..
,,,,N,......"-.NTh. .õ----L .N.,...........-"...
N )(c)
(R (R ) 1)o-i 1-6 1)0-1 1-6 (R1)0-1 I)) t
1-5
N(R)2 N(R)2 (R)2N
IX-a IX-b IX-c
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...õ---.õ..
...õ---...õ, R5 R5
R
N )(%(,) N \ N
(R1)0-1 0) (Ri)o-i 1-6 (R1)0-1 116
Cy, Cy,
(R) 2NA 1-5
R6 R6
IX-d IX-e IX-f
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R, le, R2, le,
R6, and -Cy- is as
defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in
combination. In some
embodiments of the above Formulae, -Cy- is an optionally substituted 3-8
membered saturated or
partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-3 heteroatoms
independently
selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; or -Cy- has 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms.
In some
embodiments, -Cy- is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or partially unsaturated
monocyclic
heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, -Cy- is a
5- or 6-
membered, optionally substituted heteroaryl ring having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms.
In some
embodiments, each -R is independently H, a C1-4 aliphatic group, or an
optionally substituted 3-8
membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring
having 1-3
heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; or the
ring has 1 or 2
nitrogen atoms. In some embodiments, -R is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or
partially
unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms. In some
embodiments, -
R is a 5- or 6-membered, optionally substituted heteroaryl ring having 1 or 2
nitrogen atoms. In
some embodiments, the optional substitution is a carbonyl.
[00113] Exemplary compounds of the invention are set forth in Table 1, below.
Table 1. Exemplary Compounds
I I
N N N
, N flNN,
N NH NH
I / ,
nI ..........,.,........I
1
Nr) N I 1 N N N N
INr) N I
CN
I-1 1-2 1-3 1-4
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1
N
,NlonN,NõNN N onN, N
1
H I 1 H 1 1
.......õ,......II ................õ...õ n ..........,........... ni
..........,...........I
NV 1
_ jP N
CN CONH2 CONH2 I
1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8
,
I
1\lj I
=-.. ,..- I
=-=., Ø-
N N N
N N NH NH --NH
f----\- i ?
N
N 1 NH2 NV 1 1 NV 1 N1\ N' 1 N
II .........- -..,_
1-9 I-10 I-11 1-12
,
I
N N N N
N
NH N NH
NH )\1
N,N1 NV 1 )
N 1 N N 1
\ I N NV 1
I I
\ I
1-13 1-14 1-15 1-16
I I
N N N 1\1
NH NH NH NH
n Ni
I H
N 1 N N ,
i I N NV 1
H I N NNO 1
I
1-17 1-18 1-19 1-20
I I I I
N N N N
NH N N N
0
H H H
N
N N 0 1 N
1 0 I\V I Noi
I 0 NI .031H
N
I \
1-21 1-22 1-23 1-24
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NH NH NH
0 0 0 0
N N
NN I H NH N I NH
1-25 1-26 1-27 1-28
I
NH NH NH
0
N 0 N
N N- N I
----/
1-29 1-30 1-31
[00114] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a compound set
forth in Table
1, above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
4. General Methods of Providing the Present Compounds:
[00115] The compounds of this invention may be prepared or isolated in general
by synthetic
and/or semi-synthetic methods known to those skilled in the art for analogous
compounds and by
methods described in detail in the Examples, herein.
[00116] In the Schemes below, where a particular protecting group ("PG"),
leaving group
("LG"), or transformation condition is depicted, one of ordinary skill in the
art will appreciate
that other protecting groups, leaving groups, and transformation conditions
are also suitable and
are contemplated. Such groups and transformations are described in detail in
March' s Advanced
Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, M. B. Smith and J.
March, 7th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, R. C.
Larock, 3rd
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2018, and Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,
P. G. M. Wuts,
5th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2014, the entirety of each of which is hereby
incorporated herein
by reference.
[00117] As used herein, the phrase "leaving group" (LG) includes, but is not
limited to,
halogens (e.g. fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide), sulfonates (e.g.
mesylate, tosylate,
benzenesulfonate, brosylate, nosylate, triflate), diazonium, and the like.
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[00118] As used herein, the phrase "oxygen protecting group" includes, for
example, carbonyl
protecting groups, hydroxyl protecting groups, etc. Hydroxyl protecting groups
are well known
in the art and include those described in detail in Protective Groups in
Organic Synthesis, P. G.
M. Wuts, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2014, and Philip Kocienski, in
Protecting Groups,
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, 1994, the entireties of which are
incorporated herein
by reference. Examples of suitable hydroxyl protecting groups include, but are
not limited to,
esters, allyl ethers, ethers, silyl ethers, alkyl ethers, arylalkyl ethers,
and alkoxyalkyl ethers.
Examples of such esters include formates, acetates, carbonates, and
sulfonates. Specific
examples include formate, benzoyl formate, chloroacetate, trifluoroacetate,
methoxyacetate,
triphenylmethoxyacetate, p-chlorophenoxyacetate, 3-phenylpropionate, 4-
oxopentanoate, 4,4-
(ethyl enedithi o)p entanoate, pivaloate (trim ethyl acetyl), crotonate, 4-m
ethoxy-crotonate,
benzoate, p-benzylbenzoate, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate, carbonates such as
methyl, 9-
fluorenylmethyl, ethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl, 2-
(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl,
vinyl, allyl, and p-nitrobenzyl. Examples of such silyl ethers include
trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl,
t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, and other
trialkyl silyl ethers. Alkyl
ethers include methyl, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, trityl, t-
butyl, allyl, and
allyloxycarbonyl ethers or derivatives.
Alkoxyalkyl ethers include acetals such as
m ethoxym ethyl, m ethylthi om ethyl, (2-m eth oxyethoxy)m ethyl, b enzyl oxym
ethyl, b eta-
(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, and tetrahydropyranyl ethers. Examples of
arylalkyl ethers include
benzyl, p-methoxyb enzyl (MPM), 3 ,4-dim ethoxyb enzyl, 0-nitrobenzyl, p-
nitrobenzyl,
p-halobenzyl, 2,6-di chl orob enzyl, p-cyanobenzyl, and 2- and 4-pi colyl .
[00119] Amino protecting groups are well known in the art and include those
described in
detail in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, P. G. M. Wuts, 5th edition,
John Wiley & Sons,
2014, and Philip Kocienski, in Protecting Groups, Georg Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart, New York,
1994, the entireties of which is incorporated herein by reference. Suitable
amino protecting
groups include, but are not limited to, aralkylamines, carbamates, cyclic
imides, allyl amines,
amides, and the like.
Examples of such groups include t-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC),
ethyl oxyc arb onyl, methyl oxycarbonyl, trichloroethyloxycarbonyl,
allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc),
benzyloxocarbonyl (CBZ), allyl, phthalimide, benzyl (Bn),
fluorenylmethylcarbonyl (Fmoc),
formyl, acetyl, chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, phenylacetyl,
trifluoroacetyl,
benzoyl, and the like.
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[00120] One of skill in the art will appreciate that various functional
groups present in
compounds of the invention such as aliphatic groups, alcohols, carboxylic
acids, esters, amides,
aldehydes, halogens and nitriles can be interconverted by techniques well
known in the art
including, but not limited to reduction, oxidation, esterification,
hydrolysis, partial oxidation,
partial reduction, halogenation, dehydration, partial hydration, and
hydration. See, for example,
March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, M.
B. Smith and
J. March, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, the entirety of which is
incorporated herein by
reference. Such interconversions may require one or more of the aforementioned
techniques,
and certain methods for synthesizing compounds of the invention are described
below.
[00121] In one aspect, certain compounds of the present invention of Formula
I, or
subformulae thereof, are generally prepared according to Scheme 1 set forth
below:
Scheme 1
0 0
(R 4k) 0- 0 R4),,
0 0
C PN NI' 0
1,2
NH2R3 R2 R3
base (R1)õ (R1) (R5)p
(R1)õ Gen. Procedure ,
A E or F
R4)n
Wolff-Kishner reaction
N
N
Gen. Procedure A I,I A
R2 R3
(R1), (R5)p
R4)n R4),,
optional coupling
e.g. Pd-catalyzed
N 0 coupling reaction
I
LG R3 R2 R3
(R1), (R5)p (R1),11 (R5)p
LG = leaving group such
as halide or triflate
[00122] In Scheme 1 above, each of le, R2, R3, ¨4,
R5, Ring A, m, n, and p is as defined
above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
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[00123] As shown generally in Scheme 1, an aldehyde according to structure A
may be
condensed with a ketone such as acetone in the presence of a base to yield
intermediate B, for
example by following General Procedures E or F. The General Procedures are
described in more
detail in the Exemplification, below. Condensation with an amine such as
Nthle, e.g.
methylamine, and an aldehyde of structure C, provides compounds of structure
D. In some
embodiments, such compounds are CXCR4 inhibitors according to the present
invention. In
other embodiments, compounds of structure D are reduced according to General
Procedure A to
provide compounds of structure E. In compounds of structure F where R2 is an
appropriate
leaving group (LG), cross-coupling (such as Pd-catalyzed coupling) may be
performed to
provide compounds of structure E. In structure F, halogenation or formation of
a leaving group
such as triflate may precede the coupling reaction if R2 needs to be converted
to an LG.
Scheme 2
0
Gen. Procedure B, D,
Wolff-Kishner reaction A
.. or G
A
,
R2 General Procedure A R- LG,
(R1),, (R5)p (R1),õ (R5)p R3
74)
N
A
R2 R3
(R1), (R5)p
[00124] Alternatively, as shown in Scheme 2, piperidone compounds of structure
G may be
reduced according to General Procedure A to afford compounds of structure H
and subsequently
reacted with an appropriate electrophile of formula LG-le, wherein LG refers
to an appropriate
leaving group such as halide or mesylate, affording compounds of structure I.
5. Uses, Formulation and Administration, and Co-Administered Additional
Therapeutic
Agents
Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions
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[00125] According to another embodiment, the invention provides a composition
comprising
a compound of this invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative
thereof and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle. The amount of
compound in
compositions of this invention is such that is effective to measurably inhibit
CXCR4, or a mutant
thereof, in a biological sample or in a patient. In certain embodiments, the
amount of compound
in compositions of this invention is such that is effective to measurably
inhibit CXCR4, or a
mutant thereof, in a biological sample or in a patient. In certain
embodiments, a composition of
this invention is formulated for administration to a patient in need of such
composition. In some
embodiments, a composition of this invention is formulated for oral
administration to a patient.
[00126] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle"
refers to a non-
toxic carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle that does not destroy the pharmacological
activity of the
compound with which it is formulated. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,
adjuvants or
vehicles that may be used in the compositions of this invention include, but
are not limited to,
ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as
human serum
albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium
sorbate, partial
glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or
electrolytes, such as
protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate,
sodium
chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl
pyrrolidone, cellulose-based
substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates,
waxes,
polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, polyethylene glycol and wool
fat.
[00127] A "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative" means any non-toxic salt,
ester, salt of an
ester or other derivative of a compound of this invention that, upon
administration to a recipient,
is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this
invention or an
inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof.
[00128] As used herein, the term "inhibitorily active metabolite or residue
thereof' means that
a metabolite or residue thereof is also an inhibitor of CXCR4, or a mutant
thereof
[00129] Compositions of the present invention may be administered orally,
parenterally, by
inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an
implanted reservoir.
The term "parenteral" as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous,
intramuscular, intra-
articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic,
intralesional and intracranial
injection or infusion techniques. In some embodiments, the compositions are
administered
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orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously. Sterile injectable forms of the
compositions of this
invention may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be
formulated
according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting
agents and
suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile
injectable solution or
suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for
example as a solution in
1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be
employed are water,
Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile,
fixed oils are
conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
[00130] For this purpose, any bland fixed oil may be employed including
synthetic mono- or
di-glycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives
are useful in the
preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils,
such as olive oil or
castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions
or suspensions may
also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl
cellulose or
similar dispersing agents that are commonly used in the formulation of
pharmaceutically
acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions. Other commonly
used
surfactants, such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or
bioavailability enhancers
which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable
solid, liquid, or
other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.
[00131] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may be
orally
administered in any orally acceptable dosage form including, but not limited
to, capsules, tablets,
aqueous suspensions or solutions. In the case of tablets for oral use,
carriers commonly used
include lactose and corn starch. Lubricating agents, such as magnesium
stearate, are also
typically added. For oral administration in a capsule form, useful diluents
include lactose and
dried cornstarch. When aqueous suspensions are required for oral use, the
active ingredient is
combined with emulsifying and suspending agents. If desired, certain
sweetening, flavoring or
coloring agents may also be added.
[00132] Alternatively, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this
invention may be
administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. These can
be prepared by
mixing the agent with a suitable non-irritating excipient that is solid at
room temperature but
liquid at rectal temperature and therefore will melt in the rectum to release
the drug. Such
materials include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
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[00133] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be
administered
topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs
readily accessible by
topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower
intestinal tract. Suitable
topical formulations are readily prepared for each of these areas or organs.
[00134] Topical application for the lower intestinal tract can be effected
in a rectal
suppository formulation (see above) or in a suitable enema formulation.
Topically-transdermal
patches may also be used.
[00135] For topical applications, provided pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions may be
formulated in a suitable ointment containing the active component suspended or
dissolved in one
or more carriers. Carriers for topical administration of compounds of this
invention include, but
are not limited to, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum,
propylene glycol,
polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene compound, emulsifying wax and water.
Alternatively,
provided pharmaceutically acceptable compositions can be formulated in a
suitable lotion or
cream containing the active components suspended or dissolved in one or more
pharmaceutically
acceptable carriers. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to,
mineral oil, sorbitan
monostearate, polysorbate 60, cetyl esters wax, cetearyl alcohol, 2-
octyldodecanol, benzyl
alcohol and water.
[00136] For ophthalmic use, provided pharmaceutically acceptable compositions
may be
formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline,
or as solutions in
isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with or without a preservative
such as benzylalkonium
chloride. Alternatively, for ophthalmic uses, the pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions may
be formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
[00137] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention may also be
administered
by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to
techniques well-
known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as
solutions in saline,
employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters
to enhance
bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other conventional solubilizing or
dispersing agents.
[00138] In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this
invention
are formulated for oral administration. Such formulations may be administered
with or without
food. In some embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this
invention are
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administered without food. In other embodiments, pharmaceutically acceptable
compositions of
this invention are administered with food.
[00139] The amount of compounds of the present invention that may be combined
with the
carrier materials to produce a composition in a single dosage form will vary
depending upon the
host treated, the particular mode of administration.
In some embodiments, provided
compositions should be formulated so that a dosage of between 0.01 - 100 mg/kg
body
weight/day of the inhibitor can be administered to a patient receiving these
compositions.
[00140] It should also be understood that a specific dosage and treatment
regimen for any
particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the
activity of the specific
compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of
administration, rate
of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and
the severity of the
particular disease being treated. The amount of a compound of the present
invention in the
composition will also depend upon the particular compound in the composition.
Uses of Compounds and Pharmaceutically Acceptable Compositions
[00141] Compounds and compositions described herein are generally useful for
the inhibition
of CXCR4 or a mutant thereof.
[00142] The activity of a compound utilized in this invention as an inhibitor
of CXCR4, or a
mutant thereof, may be assayed in vitro, in vivo or in a cell line. In vitro
assays include assays
that determine inhibition of CXCR4, or a mutant thereof. Alternate in vitro
assays quantitate the
ability of the inhibitor to bind to CXCR4. Detailed conditions for assaying a
compound utilized
in this invention as an inhibitor of CXCR4, or a mutant thereof, are set forth
in the Examples
below.
[00143]
As used herein, the terms "treatment," "treat," and "treating" refer to
reversing,
alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease or
disorder, or one or
more symptoms thereof, as described herein. In some embodiments, treatment may
be
administered after one or more symptoms have developed. In other embodiments,
treatment may
be administered in the absence of symptoms. For example, treatment may be
administered to a
susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a
history of symptoms
and/or in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors). Treatment may
also be continued after
symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent or delay their recurrence.
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[00144] Provided compounds are inhibitors of CXCR4 and are therefore useful
for treating
one or more disorders associated with activity of CXCR4. Thus, in certain
embodiments, the
present invention provides a method for treating a CXCR4-mediated disorder
comprising the
step of administering to a patient in need thereof a compound of the present
invention, or
pharmaceutically acceptable composition thereof
[00145] As used herein, the terms "CXCR4-mediated" disorders, diseases, and/or
conditions
as used herein means any disease or other deleterious condition in which
CXCR4, or a mutant
thereof, is known to play a role. Accordingly, another embodiment of the
present invention
relates to treating or lessening the severity of one or more diseases in which
CXCR4, or a mutant
thereof, are known to play a role.
[00146] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for
treating one or
more disorders, diseases, and/or conditions wherein the disorder, disease, or
condition includes,
but is not limited to, a cellular proliferative disorder.
Cellular Proliferative Disorders
[00147] The present invention features methods and compositions for the
diagnosis and
prognosis of cellular proliferative disorders (e.g., cancer) and the treatment
of these disorders by
targeting CXCR4. Cellular proliferative disorders described herein include,
e.g., cancer, obesity,
and proliferation-dependent diseases. Such disorders may be diagnosed using
methods known in
the art.
Cancer
[00148] Cancer includes, in one embodiment, without limitation, leukemias
(e.g., acute
leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, acute
myeloblastic leukemia,
acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute monocytic
leukemia,
acute erythroleukemia, chronic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, chronic
lymphocytic
leukemia), polycythemia vera, lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin's disease or non-
Hodgkin's disease),
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, multiple myeloma, heavy chain disease, and
solid tumors
such as sarcomas and carcinomas (e.g., fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma,
chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma,
lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma,
Ewing's tumor,
leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast
cancer, ovarian
cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma,
adenocarcinoma, sweat
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gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary
adenocarcinomas,
cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell
carcinoma,
hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma,
Wilm's
tumor, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, testicular cancer, lung carcinoma,
small cell lung
carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma,
glioblastoma
multiforme (GBM, also known as glioblastoma), medulloblastoma,
craniopharyngioma,
ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma,
schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, meningioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and
retinoblastoma).
[00149] In some embodiments, the cancer is glioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma
multiforme
(GBM, also known as glioblastoma), medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma,
ependymoma,
pi neal om a, hem angi oblastom a, acoustic neuroma, oligodendrogli om a,
schwannoma,
neurofib ro s arcom a, meningioma, melanoma, neuroblastom a, or reti noblastom
a.
[00150] In some embodiments, the cancer is acoustic neuroma, astrocytoma (e.g.
Grade I ¨
Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Grade II ¨ Low-grade Astrocytoma, Grade III ¨
Anaplastic Astrocytoma,
or Grade IV ¨ Glioblastoma (GBM)), chordoma, CNS lymphoma, craniopharyngioma,
brain
stem glioma, ependymoma, mixed glioma, optic nerve glioma, subependymoma,
medulloblastoma, meningioma, metastatic brain tumor, oligodendroglioma,
pituitary tumors,
primitive neuroectodermal (PNET) tumor, or schwannoma. In some embodiments,
the cancer is
a type found more commonly in children than adults, such as brain stem glioma,
craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA),
medulloblastoma, optic
nerve glioma, pineal tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET), or
rhabdoid tumor.
[00151] In some embodiments, the patient is an adult human. In some
embodiments, the
patient is a child or pediatric patient.
[00152] Cancer includes, in another embodiment, without limitation,
mesothelioma,
hepatobilliary (hepatic and billiary duct), bone cancer, pancreatic cancer,
skin cancer, cancer of
the head or neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, ovarian cancer, colon
cancer, rectal cancer,
cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, gastrointestinal (gastric,
colorectal, and duodenal),
uterine cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the
endometrium, carcinoma of
the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, Hodgkin's
Disease, cancer of the
esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system,
cancer of the thyroid
gland, cancer of the parathyroid gland, cancer of the adrenal gland, sarcoma
of soft tissue, cancer
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of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, testicular cancer,
chronic or acute leukemia,
chronic myeloid leukemia, lymphocytic lymphomas, cancer of the bladder, cancer
of the kidney
or ureter, renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, non-Hodgkins'
s lymphoma, spinal
axis tumors, brain stem glioma, pituitary adenoma, adrenocortical cancer, gall
bladder cancer,
multiple myeloma, cholangiocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, neuroblastoma,
retinoblastoma, or a
combination of one or more of the foregoing cancers.
[00153] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from hepatocellular
carcinoma, ovarian
cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer, or fallopian tube cancer; papillary serous
cystadenocarcinoma
or uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC); prostate cancer; testicular
cancer; gallbladder
cancer; hepatocholangiocarcinoma; soft tissue and bone synovial sarcoma;
rhabdomyosarcoma;
osteosarcoma; chondrosarcoma; Ewing sarcoma; anaplastic thyroid cancer;
adrenocortical
adenoma; pancreatic cancer; pancreatic ductal carcinoma or pancreatic
adenocarcinoma;
gastrointestinal/stomach (GIST) cancer; lymphoma; squamous cell carcinoma of
the head and
neck (SCCHN); salivary gland cancer; glioma, or brain cancer;
neurofibromatosis-1 associated
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST); Waldenstrom's
macroglobulinemia; or
medulloblastoma.
[00154] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC),
hepatoblastoma, colon cancer, rectal cancer, ovarian cancer, ovarian
epithelial cancer, fallopian
tube cancer, papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma, uterine papillary serous
carcinoma (UPSC),
hepatocholangiocarcinoma, soft tissue and bone synovial sarcoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma,
osteosarcoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, adrenocortical adenoma, pancreatic
cancer, pancreatic
ductal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, glioma, neurofibromatosis-1
associated malignant
peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, or
medulloblastoma.
[00155] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for
treating a cancer
that presents as a solid tumor, such as a sarcoma, carcinoma, or lymphoma,
comprising the step
of administering a disclosed compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, to a
patient in need thereof Solid tumors generally comprise an abnormal mass of
tissue that
typically does not include cysts or liquid areas. In some embodiments, the
cancer is selected
from renal cell carcinoma, or kidney cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or
hepatoblastoma,
or liver cancer; melanoma; breast cancer; colorectal carcinoma, or colorectal
cancer; colon
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cancer; rectal cancer; anal cancer; lung cancer, such as non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC) or
small cell lung cancer (SCLC); ovarian cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer,
ovarian carcinoma, or
fallopian tube cancer; papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma or uterine
papillary serous carcinoma
(UPSC); prostate cancer; testicular cancer; gallbladder cancer;
hepatocholangiocarcinoma; soft
tissue and bone synovial sarcoma; rhabdomyosarcoma; osteosarcoma;
chondrosarcoma; Ewing
sarcoma; anaplastic thyroid cancer; adrenocortical carcinoma; pancreatic
cancer; pancreatic
ductal carcinoma or pancreatic adenocarcinoma; gastrointestinal/stomach (GIST)
cancer;
lymphoma; squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN); salivary gland
cancer;
glioma, or brain cancer; neurofibromatosis-1 associated malignant peripheral
nerve sheath
tumors (MPNST); Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; or medulloblastoma.
[00156] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from renal cell carcinoma,
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, colorectal carcinoma,
colorectal cancer, colon
cancer, rectal cancer, anal cancer, ovarian cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer,
ovarian carcinoma,
fallopian tube cancer, papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma, uterine papillary
serous carcinoma
(UPSC), hepatocholangiocarcinoma, soft tissue and bone synovial sarcoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma,
osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, adrenocortical
carcinoma, pancreatic
cancer, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, glioma, brain
cancer,
neurofibromatosis-1 associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
(MPNST),
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, or medulloblastoma.
[00157] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC),
hepatoblastoma, colon cancer, rectal cancer, ovarian cancer, ovarian
epithelial cancer, ovarian
carcinoma, fallopian tube cancer, papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma, uterine
papillary serous
carcinoma (UPSC), hepatocholangiocarcinoma, soft tissue and bone synovial
sarcoma,
rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, adrenocortical
carcinoma,
pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma,
glioma,
neurofibromatosis-1 associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
(MPNST),
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, or medulloblastoma.
[00158] In some embodiments, the cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In
some
embodiments, the cancer is hepatoblastoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is
colon cancer.
In some embodiments, the cancer is rectal cancer. In some embodiments, the
cancer is ovarian
cancer, or ovarian carcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is ovarian
epithelial cancer. In
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some embodiments, the cancer is fallopian tube cancer. In some embodiments,
the cancer is
papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is
uterine papillary
serous carcinoma (UPSC). In some embodiments, the cancer is
hepatocholangiocarcinoma. In
some embodiments, the cancer is soft tissue and bone synovial sarcoma. In some
embodiments,
the cancer is rhabdomyosarcoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is
osteosarcoma. In some
embodiments, the cancer is anaplastic thyroid cancer. In some embodiments, the
cancer is
adrenocortical carcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic
cancer, or pancreatic
ductal carcinoma. In some embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic
adenocarcinoma. In some
embodiments, the cancer is glioma. In some embodiments, the cancer is
malignant peripheral
nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). In some embodiments, the cancer is
neurofibromatosis-1
associated MPNST. In some embodiments, the cancer is Waldenstrom's
macroglobulinemia. In
some embodiments, the cancer is medulloblastoma.
[00159] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of
treating a cancer
selected from leukemias; Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; multiple myeloma;
heavy chain
disease; and solid tumors, including sarcomas and carcinomas, including
fibrosarcoma,
myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, osteosarcoma,
chordoma,
angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma,
lymphangioendotheliosarcoma,
synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing's tumor, lei omyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma,
renal cell
carcinoma, colon carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast
cancer, ovarian
cancer, ovarian epithelial cancer, ovarian carcinoma, fallopian tube cancer,
papillary serous
cystadenocarcinoma, uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UP SC),
hepatocholangiocarcinoma,
soft tissue and bone synovial sarcoma, prostate cancer, squamous cell
carcinoma, basal cell
carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma,
papillary
carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma,
bronchogenic
carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, hepatoma, bile duct
carcinoma,
choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilm's tumor, cervical cancer,
uterine
cancer, testicular cancer, lung carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, bladder
carcinoma,
epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, also
known as
glioblastoma), medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma,
ependymoma, pinealoma,
hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, schwannoma,
neurofibrosarcoma,
meningioma, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma, comprising administering to a
patient in need
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thereof an effective amount of a disclosed compound or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt
thereof.
[00160] The present invention further features methods and compositions for
the diagnosis,
prognosis and treatment of viral-associated cancers, including human
immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) associated solid tumors, human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 positive
incurable solid tumors,
and adult T-cell leukemia, which is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type
I (HTLV-I) and
is a highly aggressive form of CD4+ T-cell leukemia characterized by clonal
integration of
HTLV-I in leukemic cells (See https://clinicaltrials.govict2/show/study/
NCT02631746); as well
as virus-associated tumors in gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
cervical cancer, vaginal
cancer, vulvar cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and
Merkel cell
carcinoma.
(See https ://clini caltri al s govict2/show/ study/NC T02488759; see also
http s : //clinic al tri al s . gov/ct2/show/study/NC TO240886;
http s ://clini caltri al s . gov/ct2/show/
NCT02426892).
[00161] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for
treating a tumor in
a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient any of the
compounds, salts or
pharmaceutical compositions described herein. In some embodiments, the tumor
comprises any
of the cancers described herein. In some embodiments, the tumor comprises
melanoma cancer.
In some embodiments, the tumor comprises breast cancer. In some embodiments,
the tumor
comprises lung cancer. In some embodiments, the the tumor comprises small cell
lung cancer
(SCLC). In some embodiments, the the tumor comprises non-small cell lung
cancer (NSCLC).
[00162] In some embodiments, the patient is an adult human. In some
embodiments, the
patient is a child or pediatric patient.
[00163] In some embodiments, the tumor is treated by arresting further growth
of the tumor.
In some embodiments, the tumor is treated by reducing the size (e.g., volume
or mass) of the
tumor by at least 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% or 99% relative to the size of
the tumor prior
to treatment. In some embodiments, tumors are treated by reducing the quantity
of the tumors in
the patient by at least 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% or 99% relative to the
quantity of tumors
prior to treatment.
Primary Immune Deficiencies
[00164] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for
treating one or
more disorders, diseases, and/or conditions wherein the disorder, disease, or
condition includes,
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but is not limited to, a primary immunodeficiency disease or disorder,
comprising administering
to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a disclosed compound or
pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the method treats, e.g.
ameliorates, a symptom of
a primary immunodeficiency, such as neutropenia. Primary immune deficiencies
treatable by the
methods of the present invention may be present at birth (i.e., congenital),
acquired after birth,
idiotypic and/or cyclic, and include: warts, hypogammaglobulinemia,
infections, myelokathexis
(WHIM) syndrome; severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), such as those arising
from G6PC3
deficiency (McDermott et al. (2010) Blood 116:2793-2802); GATA2 deficiency
(Mono MAC
syndrome) (Maciej weski -Duval et al. (2015) J. Leukoc. Biol. 5MA0815-288R
(Epub . ahead of
printing); idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia (ICL); and Wiskott-Aldrich
Syndrome (WAS).
In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a
primary immune
deficiency, such as neutropenia, chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN), severe
CIN, cyclic
neutropenia, G6PC3 Deficiency, or Glycogen Storage Disease lb, comprising
administering to a
patient in need thereof an effective amount of a disclosed compound.
[00165] In some embodiments, a disclosed compound or pharmaceutically
acceptable salt
thereof is co-administered with filgrastim (G-CSF) to treat the primary
immunodeficiency. In
some embodiments, a disclosed compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof is co-
administered with G-CSF to treat CIN. In some embodiments, a disclosed
compound or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient who has
previously been
administered G-CSF to treat a primary immunodeficiency, such as CIN. In some
embodiments,
the disclosed compound replaces G-CSF therapy.
[00166] The compounds and compositions, according to the method of the present
invention,
may be administered using any amount and any route of administration effective
for treating or
lessening the severity of a cancer, an autoimmune disorder, a primary immune
deficiency, a
proliferative disorder, an inflammatory disorder, a neurodegenerative or
neurological disorder,
schizophrenia, a bone-related disorder, liver disease, or a cardiac disorder.
The exact amount
required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and
general condition
of the subject, the severity of the disease or disorder, the particular agent,
its mode of
administration, and the like. In some embodiments, compounds of the invention
are formulated
in unit dosage forms for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. The
expression "unit
dosage form," as used herein, refers to a physically discrete unit of agent
appropriate for the
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patient to be treated. It will be understood, however, that the total daily
usage of the compounds
and compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending
physician within the
scope of sound medical judgment. The specific effective dose level for any
particular patient or
organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being
treated and the
severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the
specific
composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of
the patient; the time
of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the
specific compound
employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or
coincidental with the
specific compound employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
The term
"subject" or "patient," as used herein, means an animal. In some embodiments,
the subject or
patient is a mammal, or, in some embodiments, a human.
[00167] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention can be
administered to
humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally,
intravaginally,
intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), bucally, as
an oral or nasal
spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the disease or disorder being
treated. In certain
embodiments, the compounds of the invention may be administered orally or
parenterally at
dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and for example from about
1 mg/kg to
about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to
obtain the desired
therapeutic effect.
[00168] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not
limited to,
pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions,
syrups and
elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may
contain inert diluents
commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents,
solubilizing agents and
emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl
acetate, benzyl
alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol,
dimethylformamide, oils (in
particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame
oils), glycerol,
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of
sorbitan, and mixtures
thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include
adjuvants such as wetting
agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and
perfuming agents.
[00169] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or
oleaginous
suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable
dispersing or wetting
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agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a
sterile injectable
solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent
or solvent, for
example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and
solvents that may
be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride
solution. In
addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or
suspending medium. For
this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or
diglycerides. In
addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of
injectables.
[00170] Injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by
filtration through a
bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form
of sterile solid
compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other
sterile injectable
medium prior to use.
[00171] In order to prolong the effect of a compound of the present invention,
it is often
desirable to slow the absorption of the compound from subcutaneous or
intramuscular injection.
This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or
amorphous material
with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the compound then
depends upon its rate of
dissolution that, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form.
Alternatively,
delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is
accomplished by dissolving
or suspending the compound in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made
by forming
microencapsule matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as
polylactide-
polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of compound to polymer and the nature
of the
particular polymer employed, the rate of compound release can be controlled.
Examples of other
biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot
injectable
formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or
microemulsions that
are compatible with body tissues.
[00172] In some embodiments, compositions for rectal or vaginal administration
are
suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention
with suitable
non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene
glycol or a suppository
wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and
therefore melt in
the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
[00173] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules,
tablets, pills, powders,
and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at
least one inert,
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pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or
dicalcium phosphate
and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose,
mannitol, and silicic
acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates,
gelatin,
polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol,
d) disintegrating
agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic
acid, certain
silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as
paraffin, f) absorption
accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as,
for example,
cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and
bentonite clay, and i)
lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid
polyethylene glycols, sodium
lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and
pills, the dosage form
may also comprise buffering agents.
[00174] Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as
fillers in soft and hard-
filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well
as high molecular
weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets,
dragees, capsules,
pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric
coatings and other
coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally
contain
opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the
active ingredient(s) only,
or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a
delayed manner.
Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric
substances and waxes.
Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft
and hard-filled
gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as
high molecular weight
polethylene glycols and the like.
[00175] The active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one
or more
excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees,
capsules, pills, and
granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings,
release controlling
coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art.
In such solid
dosage forms the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert
diluent such as
sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal
practice,
additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants
and other tableting aids
such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of
capsules, tablets and
pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may
optionally contain
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opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the
active ingredient(s) only,
or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a
delayed manner.
Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric
substances and waxes.
[00176] Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound
of this
invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders,
solutions, sprays, inhalants
or patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a
pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.
Ophthalmic
formulation, ear drops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within
the scope of this
invention. Additionally, the present invention contemplates the use of
transdermal patches,
which have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound
to the body.
Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the
proper
medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the
compound across the
skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling
membrane or by
dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
[00177] According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of
inhibiting CXCR4
activity in a biological sample comprising the step of contacting said
biological sample with a
compound of this invention, or a composition comprising said compound.
[00178] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method of
inhibiting
CXCR4, or a mutant thereof, activity in a biological sample comprising the
step of contacting
said biological sample with a compound of this invention, or a composition
comprising said
compound. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to a method of
irreversibly inhibiting
CXCR4, or a mutant thereof, activity in a biological sample comprising the
step of contacting
said biological sample with a compound of this invention, or a composition
comprising said
compound.
[00179] The term "biological sample", as used herein, includes, without
limitation, cell
cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or
extracts thereof; and
blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts
thereof.
[00180] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of
inhibiting
CXCR4 in a patient comprising the step of administering to said patient a
compound of the
present invention, or a composition comprising said compound.
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[00181] According to another embodiment, the invention relates to a method of
inhibiting
CXCR4, or a mutant thereof, activity in a patient comprising the step of
administering to said
patient a compound of the present invention, or a composition comprising said
compound.
According to certain embodiments, the invention relates to a method of
irreversibly inhibiting
CXCR4, or a mutant thereof, activity in a patient comprising the step of
administering to said
patient a compound of the present invention, or a composition comprising said
compound. In
other embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a
disorder mediated by
CXCR4, or a mutant thereof, in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step
of administering to
said patient a compound according to the present invention or pharmaceutically
acceptable
composition thereof Such disorders are described in detail herein.
Co-Administration of Additional Therapeutic Agents
[00182] Depending upon the particular condition, or disease, to be treated,
additional
therapeutic agents that are normally administered to treat that condition, may
also be present in
the compositions of this invention. As used herein, additional therapeutic
agents that are
normally administered to treat a particular disease, or condition, are known
as "appropriate for
the disease, or condition, being treated."
[00183] In some embodiments, the the present invention provides a method of
treating a
disclosed disease or condition comprising administering to a patient in need
thereof an effective
amount of a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and co-
administering simultaneously or sequentially an effective amount of one or
more additional
therapeutic agents, such as those described herein. In some embodiments, the
method includes
co-administering one additional therapeutic agent. In some embodiments, the
method includes
co-administering two additional therapeutic agents. In some embodiments, the
combination of
the disclosed compound and the additional therapeutic agent or agents acts
synergistically.
[00184] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from
an
immunostimulatory therapeutic compound. In some embodiments, the
immunostimulatory
therapeutic compound is selected from elotuzumab, mifamurtide, an agonist or
activator of a toll-
like receptor, or an activator of RORyt.
[00185] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering to
said patient a
third therapeutic agent, such as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In some
embodiments, the
method comprises administering to the patient in need thereof three
therapeutic agents selected
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from a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, an
immunostimulatory therapeutic compound, and an immune checkpoint inhibitor.
[00186] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include 0X40
agonists. 0X40 agonists that are being studied in clinical trials include PF-
04518600/PF-8600
(Pfizer), an agonistic anti-0X40 antibody, in metastatic kidney cancer
(NCT03092856) and
advanced cancers and neoplasms (NCT02554812; NCT05082566); GSK3174998 (Merck),
an
agonistic anti-0X40 antibody, in Phase 1 cancer trials (NCT02528357); MEDI0562
(Medimmune/AstraZeneca), an agonistic anti-0X40 antibody, in advanced solid
tumors
(NCT02318394 and NCT02705482); MEDI6469, an agonistic anti-0X40 antibody
(Medimmune/AstraZeneca), in patients with colorectal cancer (NCT02559024),
breast cancer
(NCT01862900), head and neck cancer (NCT02274155) and metastatic prostate
cancer
(NCT01303705); and BMS-986178 (Bristol-Myers Squibb) an agonistic anti-0X40
antibody, in
advanced cancers (NCT02737475).
[00187] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include CD137
(also called 4-1BB) agonists. CD137 agonists that are being studied in
clinical trials include
utomilumab (PF-05082566, Pfizer) an agonistic anti-CD137 antibody, in diffuse
large B-cell
lymphoma (NCT02951156) and in advanced cancers and neoplasms (NCT02554812 and
NCT05082566); urelumab (BMS-663513, Bristol-Myers Squibb), an agonistic anti-
CD137
antibody, in melanoma and skin cancer (NCT02652455) and glioblastoma and
gliosarcoma
(NC TO2658981).
[00188] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include CD27
agonists. CD27 agonists that are being studied in clinical trials include
varlilumab (CDX-1127,
Celldex Therapeutics) an agonistic anti-CD27 antibody, in squamous cell head
and neck cancer,
ovarian carcinoma, colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer, and glioblastoma
(NCT02335918);
lymphomas (NCT01460134); and glioma and astrocytoma (NCT02924038).
[00189] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include
glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) agonists. GITR
agonists that are
being studied in clinical trials include TRX518 (Leap Therapeutics), an
agonistic anti-GITR
antibody, in malignant melanoma and other malignant solid tumors (NCT01239134
and
NCT02628574); GWN323 (Novartis), an agonistic anti-GITR antibody, in solid
tumors and
lymphoma (NCT 02740270); INCAGN01876 (Incyte/Agenus), an agonistic anti-
GITR
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antibody, in advanced cancers (NCT02697591 and NCT03126110); MK-4166 (Merck),
an
agonistic anti-GITR antibody, in solid tumors (NCT02132754) and MEDI1873
(Medimmune/AstraZeneca), an agonistic hexameric GITR-ligand molecule with a
human IgG1
Fc domain, in advanced solid tumors (NCT02583165).
[00190] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include
inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS, also known as CD278) agonists. ICOS
agonists that are
being studied in clinical trials include MEDI-570 (Medimmune), an agonistic
anti-ICOS
antibody, in lymphomas (NCT02520791); GSK3359609 (Merck), an agonistic anti-
ICOS
antibody, in Phase 1 (NCT02723955); JTX-2011 (Jounce Therapeutics), an
agonistic anti-ICOS
antibody, in Phase 1 (NCT02904226).
[00191] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include killer
IgG-like receptor (KIR) inhibitors. KIR inhibitors that are being studied in
clinical trials include
lirilumab (IPH2102/BMS-986015, Innate Pharma/Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-
KIR antibody,
in leukemias (NCT01687387, NCT02399917, NCT02481297, NCT02599649), multiple
myeloma (NCT02252263), and lymphoma (NCT01592370); IPH2101 (1-7F9, Innate
Pharma) in
myeloma (NCT01222286 and NCT01217203); and IPH4102 (Innate Pharma), an anti-
KIR
antibody that binds to three domains of the long cytoplasmic tail (KIR3DL2),
in lymphoma
(NCT02593045).
[00192] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include CD47
inhibitors of interaction between CD47 and signal regulatory protein alpha
(SIRPa).
CD47/SIRPa inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include ALX-
148 (Alexo
Therapeutics), an antagonistic variant of (SIRPa) that binds to CD47 and
prevents CD47/SIRPa-
mediated signaling, in phase 1 (NCT03013218); TTI-621 (SIRPa-Fc, Trillium
Therapeutics), a
soluble recombinant fusion protein created by linking the N-terminal CD47-
binding domain of
SIRPa with the Fc domain of human IgGl, acts by binding human CD47, and
preventing it from
delivering its "do not eat" signal to macrophages, is in clinical trials in
Phase 1 (NCT02890368
and NCT02663518); CC-90002 (Celgene), an anti-CD47 antibody, in leukemias
(NCT02641002); and Hu5F9-G4 (Forty Seven, Inc.), in colorectal neoplasms and
solid tumors
(NCT02953782), acute myeloid leukemia (NCT02678338) and lymphoma
(NCT02953509).
[00193] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include CD73
inhibitors. CD73 inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include
MEDI9447
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(Medimmune), an anti-CD73 antibody, in solid tumors (NCT02503774); and BMS-
986179
(Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-CD73 antibody, in solid tumors (NCT02754141).
[00194] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include agonists
of stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING, also known as transmembrane
protein 173, or
TMEM173). Agonists of STING that are being studied in clinical trials include
MK-1454
(Merck), an agonistic synthetic cyclic dinucleotide, in lymphoma
(NCT03010176); and ADU-
S100 (MIW815, Aduro Biotech/Novartis), an agonistic synthetic cyclic
dinucleotide, in Phase 1
(NCT02675439 and NCT03172936).
[00195] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include CSF1R
inhibitors. CSF1R inhibitors that are being studied in clinical trials include
pexidartinib
(PLX3397, Plexxikon), a CSF1R small molecule inhibitor, in colorectal cancer,
pancreatic
cancer, metastatic and advanced cancers (NCT02777710) and melanoma, non-small
cell lung
cancer, squamous cell head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor
(GIST) and ovarian
cancer (NCT02452424); and IIVIC-054 (LY3022855, Lilly), an anti-CSF-1R
antibody, in
pancreatic cancer (NCT03153410), melanoma (NCT03101254), and solid tumors
(NCT02718911); and BLZ945 (442((1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexylamino)-benzothiazol-
6-
yloxyl]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methylamide, Novartis), an orally available
inhibitor of
CSF1R, in advanced solid tumors (NCT02829723).
[00196] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include NKG2A
receptor inhibitors. NKG2A receptor inhibitors that are being studied in
clinical trials include
monalizumab (IPH2201, Innate Pharma), an anti-NKG2A antibody, in head and neck
neoplasms
(NCT02643550) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (NCT02557516).
[00197] In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from
nivolumab,
pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, avelumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, or pidilizumab.
[00198] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating
cancer in a
patient in need thereof, wherein said method comprises administering to said
patient a compound
disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination
with one or more
additional therapeutic agents selected from an indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase
(DO) inhibitor, a
Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, a histone deacetylase (HDAC)
inhibitor, a
CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor, or a phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor.
[00199] In some embodiments, the DO inhibitor is selected from epacadostat,
indoximod,
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capmanitib, GDC-0919, PF-06840003, BMS:F001287, Phy906/KD108, or an enzyme
that
breaks down kynurenine.
[00200] In some embodiments, the PARP inhibitor is selected from olaparib,
rucaparib, or
niraparib.
[00201] In some embodiments, the HDAC inhibitor is selected from vorinostat,
romidepsin,
panobinostat, belinostat, entinostat, or chidamide.
[00202] In some embodiments, the CDK 4/6 inhibitor is selected from
palbociclib, ribociclib,
abemaciclib or trilaciclib.
[00203] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering to
said patient a
third therapeutic agent, such as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In some
embodiments, the
method comprises administering to the patient in need thereof three
therapeutic agents selected
from a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, a second
therapeutic agent selected from an indoleamine (2,3)-dioxygenase (IDO)
inhibitor, a Poly ADP
ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, a
CDK4/CDK6
inhibitor, or a phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and a third
therapeutic agent
selected from an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In some embodiments, the immune
checkpoint
inhibitor is selected from nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, avelumab,
durvalumab,
atezolizumab, or pidilizumab.
[00204] Another immunostimulatory therapeutic that may be used in the present
invention is
recombinant human interleukin 15 (rhIL-15). rhIL-15 has been tested in the
clinic as a therapy
for melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (NCT01021059 and NCT01369888) and
leukemias
(NCT02689453). Another immunostimulatory therapeutic that may be used in the
present
invention is recombinant human interleukin 12 (rhIL-12). Another suitable IL-
15 based
immunotherapeutic is heterodimeric IL-15 (hetIL-15, Novartis/Admune), a fusion
complex
composed of a synthetic form of endogenous IL-15 complexed to the soluble IL-
15 binding
protein IL-15 receptor alpha chain (IL15:sIL-15RA), which has been tested in
Phase 1 clinical
trials for melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer and head
and neck
squamous cell carcinoma (NCT02452268). Recombinant human interleukin 12 (rhIL-
12) has
been tested in the clinic for many oncological indications, for example, as a
therapy for
lymphoma (NM-IL-12, Neumedicines, Inc.), (NCT02544724 and NCT02542124).
[00205] In some embodiments, the PI3K inhibitor is selected from
idelalisib, alpelisib,
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taselisib, pictilisib, copanlisib, duvelisib, PQR309, or TGR1202.
[00206] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating
cancer in a
patient in need thereof, wherein said method comprises administering to said
patient a compound
disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in combination
with one or more
additional therapeutic agents selected from a platinum-based therapeutic, a
taxane, a nucleoside
inhibitor, or a therapeutic agent that interferes with normal DNA synthesis,
protein synthesis, cell
replication, or will otherwise inhibit rapidly proliferating cells.
[00207] In some embodiments, the platinum-based therapeutic is selected from
cisplatin,
carboplatin, oxaliplatin, nedaplatin, picoplatin, or satraplatin.
[00208] In some embodiments, the taxane is selected from paclitaxel,
docetaxel, albumin-
bound paclitaxel, cabazitaxel, or SID530.
[00209] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent that interferes with normal
DNA
synthesis, protein synthesis, cell replication, or will otherwise interfere
with the replication of
rapidly proliferating cells is selected from trabectedin, mechlorethamine,
vincristine,
temozolomide, cytarabine, lomustine, azacitidine, omacetaxine mepesuccinate,
asparaginase
Envinia chrysanthemi, eribulin mesylate, capacetrine, bendamustine,
ixabepilone, nelarabine,
clorafabine, trifluridine, or tipiracil.
[00210] In some embodiments, the method further comprises administering to
said patient a
third therapeutic agent, such as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In some
embodiments, the
method comprises administering to the patient in need thereof three
therapeutic agents selected
from a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, a second
therapeutic agent selected from a platinum-based therapeutic, a taxane, a
nucleoside inhibitor, or
a therapeutic agent that interferes with normal DNA synthesis, protein
synthesis, cell replication,
or will otherwise inhibit rapidly proliferating cells, and a third therapeutic
agent selected from an
immune checkpoint inhibitor.
[00211] In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from
nivolumab,
pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, avelumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, or pidilizumab.
[00212] In some embodiments, any one of the foregoing methods further
comprises the step of
obtaining a biological sample from the patient and measuring the amount of a
disease-related
biomarker.
[00213] In some embodiments, the biological sample is a blood sample.
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[00214] In some embodiments, the disease-related biomarker is selected from
circulating
CD8+ T cells or the ratio of CD8+ T cells:Treg cells.
[00215] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating an
advanced
cancer, comprising administering a compound disclosed herein or a
pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof or pharmaceutical composition thereof, either as a single agent
(monotherapy), or in
combination with a chemotherapeutic, a targeted therapeutic, such as a kinase
inhibitor, and/or
an immunomodulatory therapy, such as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In some
embodiments,
the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antibody to PD-1. PD-1 binds to the
programmed cell
death 1 receptor (PD-1) to prevent the receptor from binding to the inhibitory
ligand PDL-1, thus
overriding the ability of tumors to suppress the host anti-tumor immune
response.
[00216] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a kinase
inhibitor or VEGF-
R antagonist. Approved VEGF inhibitors and kinase inhibitors useful in the
present invention
include: bevacizumab (Avasting, Genentech/Roche) an anti-VEGF monoclonal
antibody;
ramucirumab (Cyramza , Eli Lilly), an anti-VEGFR-2 antibody and ziv-
aflibercept, also known
as VEGF Trap (Zaltrapg; Regeneron/Sanofi). VEGFR inhibitors, such as
regorafenib
(Stivarga , Bayer); vandetanib (Caprelsa , AstraZeneca); axitinib (Inlyta ,
Pfizer); and
lenvatinib (Lenvima , Eisai); Raf inhibitors, such as sorafenib (Nexavar ,
Bayer AG and
Onyx); dabrafenib (Tafinlar , Novartis); and vemurafenib (Zelboraf ,
Genentech/Roche); MEK
inhibitors, such as cobimetanib (Cotellic , Exelexis/Genentech/Roche);
trametinib (Mekinist ,
Novartis); Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib (Gleevec ,
Novartis); nilotinib
(Tasigna , Novartis); dasatinib (Sprycel , BristolMyersSquibb); bosutinib
(Bosulif , Pfizer);
and ponatinib (Inclusig , Ariad Pharmaceuticals); Her2 and EGFR inhibitors,
such as gefitinib
(Iressa , AstraZeneca); erlotinib (Tarceeva , Genentech/Roche/Astellas);
lapatinib (Tykerb ,
Novartis); afatinib (Gilotrif , Boehringer Ingelheim); osimertinib (targeting
activated EGFR,
Tagrisso , AstraZeneca); and brigatinib (Alunbrig , Ariad Pharmaceuticals); c-
Met and
VEGFR2 inhibitors, such as cabozanitib (Cometriq , Exelexis); and multikinase
inhibitors, such
as sunitinib (Sutent , Pfizer); pazopanib (Votrient , Novartis); ALK
inhibitors, such as
crizotinib (Xalkori , Pfizer); ceritinib (Zykadia , Novartis); and alectinib
(Alecenza ,
Genentech/Roche); Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib
(Imbruvica ,
Pharmacyclics/Janssen); and Flt3 receptor inhibitors, such as midostaurin
(Rydapt , Novartis).
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[00217] Other kinase inhibitors and VEGF-R antagonists that are in development
and may be
used in the present invention include tivozanib (Aveo Pharmaecuticals);
vatalanib
(Bayer/Novartis); lucitanib (Clovis Oncology); dovitinib (TKI258, Novartis);
Chiauanib
(Chipscreen Biosciences); CEP-11981 (Cephalon); linifanib (Abbott
Laboratories); neratinib
(HKI-272, Puma Biotechnology); radotinib (Supectg, IY5511, 11-Yang
Pharmaceuticals, S.
Korea); ruxolitinib (Jakafig, Incyte Corporation); PTC299 (PTC Therapeutics);
CP-547,632
(Pfizer); foretinib (Exelexis, GlaxoSmithKline); quizartinib (Daiichi Sankyo)
and motesanib
(Amgen/Takeda).
[00218] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an mTOR
inhibitor, which
inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis and glucose uptake. Approved mTOR
inhibitors useful
in the present invention include everolimus (Afinitorg, Novartis);
temsirolimus (Toriselg,
Pfizer); and sirolimus (Rapamuneg, Pfizer).
[00219] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a Poly ADP
ribose
polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Approved PARP inhibitors useful in the present
invention include
olaparib (Lynparzag, AstraZeneca); rucaparib (Rubracag, Clovis Oncology); and
niraparib
(Zejulag, Tesaro). Other PARP inhibitors being studied which may be used in
the present
invention include talazoparib (MDV3800/BMN 673/LT00673,
Medivation/Pfizer/Biomarin);
veliparib (ABT-888, AbbVie); and BGB-290 (BeiGene, Inc.).
[00220] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a
phosphatidylinositol 3
kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Approved PI3K inhibitors useful in the present
invention include
idelalisib (Zydeligg, Gilead). Other PI3K inhibitors being studied which may
be used in the
present invention include alpelisib (BYL719, Novartis); taselisib (GDC-0032,
Genentech/Roche); pictili sib (GDC-0941, Genentech/Roche); copanli sib
(BAY806946, Bayer);
duvelisib (formerly IPI-145, Infinity Pharmaceuticals); PQR309 (Piqur
Therapeutics,
Switzerland); and TGR1202 (formerly RP5230, TG Therapeutics).
[00221] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a proteasome
inhibitor.
Approved proteasome inhibitors useful in the present invention include
bortezomib (Velcadeg,
Takeda); carfilzomib (Kyprolisg, Amgen); and ixazomib (Ninlarog, Takeda).
[00222] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a histone
deacetylase
(HDAC) inhibitor. Approved HDAC inhibitors useful in the present invention
include vorinostat
(Zolinzag, Merck); romidepsin (Istodaxg, Celgene); panobinostat (Farydakg,
Novartis); and
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belinostat (Beleodaq , Spectrum Pharmaceuticals). Other HDAC inhibitors being
studied which
may be used in the present invention include entinostat (SNDX-275, Syndax
Pharmaceuticals)
(NCT00866333); and chidamide (Epidaza , HBI-8000, Chipscreen Biosciences,
China).
[00223] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a CDK
inhibitor, such as a
CDK 4/6 inhibitor. Approved CDK 4/6 inhibitors useful in the present invention
include
palbociclib (Ibrance , Pfizer); and ribociclib (Kisqali , Novartis). Other CDK
4/6 inhibitors
being studied which may be used in the present invention include abemaciclib
(Ly2835219, Eli
Lilly); and trilaciclib (G1T28, G1 Therapeutics).
[00224] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an
indoleamine (2,3)-
dioxygenase (DO) inhibitor. DO inhibitors being studied which may be used in
the present
invention include epacadostat (INCB024360, Incyte); indoximod (NLG-8189,
NewLink
Genetics Corporation); capmanitib (INC280, Novartis); GDC-0919
(Genentech/Roche); PF-
06840003 (Pfizer); BMS:F001287 (Bristol-Myers Squibb); Phy906/KD108
(Phytoceutica); and
an enzyme that breaks down kynurenine (Kynase, Kyn Therapeutics).
[00225] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a growth
factor antagonist,
such as an antagonist of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or epidermal
growth factor
(EGF) or its receptor (EGFR). Approved PDGF antagonists which may be used in
the present
invention include olaratumab (Lartruvog; Eli Lilly). Approved EGFR antagonists
which may be
used in the present invention include cetuximab (Erbitux , Eli Lilly);
necitumumab (Portrazza ,
Eli Lilly), panitumumab (Vectibix , Amgen); and osimertinib (targeting
activated EGFR,
Tagrisso , AstraZeneca).
[00226] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an aromatase
inhibitor.
Approved aromatase inhibitors which may be used in the present invention
include exemestane
(Aromasing, Pfizer); anastazole (Arimidex , AstraZeneca) and letrozole (Femora
, Novartis).
[00227] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an antagonist
of the
hedgehog pathway. Approved hedgehog pathway inhibitors which may be used in
the present
invention include sonidegib (Odomzo , Sun Pharmaceuticals); and vismodegib
(Erivedge ,
Genentech), both for treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
[00228] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a folic acid
inhibitor.
Approved folic acid inhibitors useful in the present invention include
pemetrexed (Alimta , Eli
Lilly).
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[00229] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a CC
chemokine receptor 4
(CCR4) inhibitor. CCR4 inhibitors being studied that may be useful in the
present invention
include mogamulizumab (Poteligeo , Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Japan).
[00230] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an isocitrate
dehydrogenase
(IDH) inhibitor. IDH inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present
invention
include AG120 (Celgene; NCT02677922); AG221 (Celgene, NCT02677922;
NCT02577406);
BAY1436032 (Bayer, NCT02746081); IDH305 (Novartis, NCT02987010).
[00231] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an arginase
inhibitor.
Arginase inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present invention
include AEB1102
(pegylated recombinant arginase, Aeglea Biotherapeutics), which is being
studied in Phase 1
clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
(NCT02732184) and
solid tumors (NCT02561234); and CB-1158 (Calithera Biosciences).
[00232] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a glutaminase
inhibitor.
Glutaminase inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present
invention include CB-839
(Calithera Biosciences).
[00233] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an antibody
that binds to
tumor antigens, that is, proteins expressed on the cell surface of tumor
cells. Approved
antibodies that bind to tumor antigens which may be used in the present
invention include
rituximab (Rituxan , Genentech/BiogenIdec); ofatumumab (anti-CD20, Arzerra ,
GlaxoSmithKline); obinutuzumab (anti-CD20, Gazyva , Genentech), ibritumomab
(anti-CD20
and Yttrium-90, Zevalin , Spectrum Pharmaceuticals); daratumumab (anti-CD38,
Darzalex ,
Janssen Biotech), dinutuximab (anti-glycolipid GD2, Unituxing, United
Therapeutics);
trastuzumab (anti-HER2, Hercepting, Genentech); ado-trastuzumab emtansine
(anti-HER2,
fused to emtansine, Kadcyla , Genentech); and pertuzumab (anti-HER2, Perj eta
, Genentech);
and brentuximab vedotin (anti-CD30-drug conjugate, Adcetris , Seattle
Genetics).
[00234] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a
topoisomerase inhibitor.
Approved topoisomerase inhibitors useful in the present invention include
irinotecan (Onivyde ,
Merrimack Pharmaceuticals); topotecan (Hycamting, GlaxoSmithKline).
Topoisomerase
inhibitors being studied which may be used in the present invention include
pixantrone
(Pixuvri , CTI Biopharma).
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[00235] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a nucleoside
inhibitor, or
other therapeutic that interfere with normal DNA synthesis, protein synthesis,
cell replication, or
will otherwise inhibit rapidly proliferating cells. Such nucleoside inhibitors
or other therapeutics
include trabectedin (guanidine alkylating agent, Yondelis , Janssen Oncology),
mechlorethamine (alkylating agent, Valchlor , Aktelion Pharmaceuticals);
vincristine
(Oncovin , Eli Lilly; Vincasar , Teva Pharmaceuticals; Marqibo , Talon
Therapeutics);
temozolomide (prodrug to alkylating agent 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-y1)-imidazole-4-
carboxamide
(MTIC) Temodar , Merck); cytarabine injection (ara-C, antimetabolic cytidine
analog, Pfizer);
lomustine (alkylating agent, CeeNU , Bristol-Myers Squibb; Gleostine ,
NextSource
Biotechnology); azacitidine (pyrimidine nucleoside analog of cytidine, Vidaza
, Celgene);
omacetaxine mepesuccinate (cephalotaxine ester) (protein synthesis inhibitor,
Synribog; Teva
Pharmaceuticals); asparaginase Envinia chrysanthemi (enzyme for depletion of
asparagine,
Elspar , Lundbeck; Erwinaze , EUSA Pharma); eribulin mesylate (microtubule
inhibitor,
tubulin-based antimitotic, Halaven , Eisai); cabazitaxel (microtubule
inhibitor, tubulin-based
antimitotic, Jevtana , Sanofi-Aventis); capacetrine (thymidylate synthase
inhibitor, Xeloda ,
Genentech); bendamustine (bifunctional mechlorethamine derivative, believed to
form
interstrand DNA cross-links, Treanda , Cephalon/Teva); ixabepilone (semi-
synthetic analog of
epothilone B, microtubule inhibitor, tubulin-based antimitotic, Ixempra ,
Bristol-Myers
Squibb); nelarabine (prodrug of deoxyguanosine analog, nucleoside metabolic
inhibitor,
Arranon , Novartis); clorafabine (prodrug of ribonucleotide reductase
inhibitor, competitive
inhibitor of deoxycytidine, Clolar , Sanofi-Aventis); and trifluridine and
tipiracil (thymidine-
based nucleoside analog and thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, Lonsurf , Taiho
Oncology).
[00236] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a platinum-
based
therapeutic, also referred to as platins. Platins cause cross-linking of DNA,
such that they inhibit
DNA repair and/or DNA synthesis, mostly in rapidly reproducing cells, such as
cancer cells.
Approved platinum-based therapeutics which may be used in the present
invention include
cisplatin (Platinol , Bristol-Myers Squibb); carboplatin (Paraplatin , Bristol-
Myers Squibb;
also, Teva; Pfizer); oxaliplatin (Eloxitin Sanofi-Aventis); and nedaplatin
(Aqupla , Shionogi).
Other platinum-based therapeutics which have undergone clinical testing and
may be used in the
present invention include picoplatin (Poniard Pharmaceuticals); and
satraplatin (JM-216,
Agennix).
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[00237] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a taxane
compound, which
causes disruption of microtubules, which are essential for cell division.
Approved taxane
compounds which may be used in the present invention include paclitaxel (Taxol
, Bristol-
Myers Squibb), docetaxel (Taxotere , Sanofi-Aventis; Docefrez , Sun
Pharmaceutical),
albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxaneg; Abraxis/Celgene), and cabazitaxel
(Jevtana , Sanofi-
Aventis). Other taxane compounds which have undergone clinical testing and may
be used in
the present invention include 5ID530 (SK Chemicals, Co.) (NCT00931008).
[00238] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor
of anti-
apoptotic proteins, such as BCL-2. Approved anti-apoptotics which may be used
in the present
invention include venetoclax (Venclexta , AbbVie/Genentech); and blinatumomab
(Blincyto ,
Amgen). Other therapeutic agents targeting apoptotic proteins which have
undergone clinical
testing and may be used in the present invention include navitoclax (ABT-263,
Abbott), a BCL-2
inhibitor (NCT02079740).
[00239] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of
treating prostate
cancer comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective
amount of a compound
disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or
pharmaceutical composition
thereof in combination with an additional therapeutic agent that interferes
with the synthesis or
activity of androgens. Approved androgen receptor inhibitors useful in the
present invention
include enzalutamide (Xtandi , Astellas/Medivation); approved inhibitors of
androgen synthesis
include abiraterone (Zytiga , Centocor/Ortho); approved antagonist of
gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH) receptor (degaralix, Firmagon , Ferring Pharmaceuticals).
[00240] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a selective
estrogen receptor
modulator (SERM), which interferes with the synthesis or activity of
estrogens. Approved
SERMs useful in the present invention include raloxifene (Evista , Eli Lilly).
[00241] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor
of bone
resorption. An approved therapeutic which inhibits bone resorption is
Denosumab (Xgeva ,
Amgen), an antibody that binds to RANKL, prevents binding to its receptor
RANK, found on the
surface of osteoclasts, their precursors, and osteoclast-like giant cells,
which mediates bone
pathology in solid tumors with osseous metastases. Other approved therapeutics
that inhibit bone
resorption include bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (Zometa ,
Novartis).
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[00242] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor
of interaction
between the two primary p53 suppressor proteins, MDMX and MDM2. Inhibitors of
p53
suppression proteins being studied which may be used in the present invention
include ALRN-
6924 (Aileron), a stapled peptide that equipotently binds to and disrupts the
interaction of
MDMX and MDM2 with p53. ALRN-6924 is currently being evaluated in clinical
trials for the
treatment of AML, advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and peripheral T-
cell lymphoma
(PTCL) (NCT02909972; NCT02264613).
[00243] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an inhibitor
of transforming
growth factor-beta (TGF-beta or TGFB). Inhibitors of TGF-beta proteins being
studied which
may be used in the present invention include NIS793 (Novartis), an anti-TGF-
beta antibody
being tested in the clinic for treatment of various cancers, including breast,
lung, hepatocellular,
colorectal, pancreatic, prostate and renal cancer (NCT 02947165). In some
embodiments, the
inhibitor of TGF-beta proteins is fresolimumab (GC1008; Sanofi-Genzyme), which
is being
studied for melanoma (NCT00923169); renal cell carcinoma (NCT00356460); and
non-small
cell lung cancer (NCT02581787). Additionally, in some embodiments, the
additional therapeutic
agent is a TGF-beta trap, such as described in Connolly et al. (2012) Int'l J.
Biological Sciences
8:964-978. One therapeutic compound currently in clinical trials for treatment
of solid tumors is
M7824 (Merck KgaA - formerly MSB0011459X), which is a bispecific, anti-PD-
L1/TGFB trap
compound (NCT02699515); and (NCT02517398). M7824 is comprised of a fully human
IgG1
antibody against PD-Li fused to the extracellular domain of human TGF-beta
receptor II, which
functions as a TGFB "trap."
Additional Co-Administered Therapeutic Agents ¨ Targeted Therapeutics and
Immunomodulatory Drugs
[00244] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from
a targeted
therapeutic or immunomodulatory drug. Adjuvant therapies with targeted
therapeutics or
immunomodulatory drugs have shown promising effectiveness when administered
alone but are
limited by the development of tumor immunity over time or evasion of the
immune response.
[00245] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of
treating cancer,
such as a cancer described herein, comprising administering to a patient in
need thereof an
effective amount of a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or
pharmaceutical composition thereof in combination with an additional
therapeutic agent such as
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a targeted therapeutic or an immunomodulatory drug.
In some embodiments, the
immunomodulatory therapeutic specifically induces apoptosis of tumor cells.
Approved
immunomodulatory therapeutics which may be used in the present invention
include
pomalidomide (Pomalystg, Celgene); lenalidomide (Revlimidg, Celgene); ingenol
mebutate
(Picatog, LEO Pharma).
[00246] In other embodiments, the immunomodulatory therapeutic is a cancer
vaccine. In
some embodiments, the cancer vaccine is selected from sipuleucel-T (Provengeg,
DendreonNaleant Pharmaceuticals), which has been approved for treatment of
asymptomatic, or
minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate-resistant (hormone-refractory)
prostate cancer; and
talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygicg, BioVex/Amgen, previously known as T-VEC),
a
genetically modified oncolytic viral therapy approved for treatment of
unresectable cutaneous,
subcutaneous and nodal lesions in melanoma. In some embodiments, the
additional therapeutic
agent is selected from an oncolytic viral therapy such as pexastimogene
devacirepvec
(PexaVec/JX-594, SillaJen/formerly Jennerex Biotherapeutics), a thymidine
kinase- (TK-)
deficient vaccinia virus engineered to express GM-CSF, for hepatocellular
carcinoma
(NCT02562755) and melanoma (NCT00429312); pelareorep (Reolysing, Oncolytics
Biotech), a
variant of respiratory enteric orphan virus (reovirus) which does not
replicate in cells that are not
RAS-activated, in numerous cancers, including colorectal cancer (NCT01622543);
prostate
cancer (NCT01619813); head and neck squamous cell cancer (NCT01166542);
pancreatic
adenocarcinoma (NCT00998322); and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCT
00861627);
enadenotucirev (NG-348, PsiOxus, formerly known as ColoAd1), an adenovirus
engineered to
express a full length CD80 and an antibody fragment specific for the T-cell
receptor CD3
protein, in ovarian cancer (NCT02028117); metastatic or advanced epithelial
tumors such as in
colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and
salivary gland
cancer (NCT02636036); ONCOS-102 (Targovax/formerly Oncos), an adenovirus
engineered to
express GM-CSF, in melanoma (NCT03003676); and peritoneal disease, colorectal
cancer or
ovarian cancer (NCT02963831); GL-ONC1 (GLV-1h68/GLV-1h153, Genelux GmbH),
vaccinia
viruses engineered to express beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)/beta-glucoronidase
or beta-gal/human
sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), respectively, were studied in peritoneal
carcinomatosis
(NCT01443260); fallopian tube cancer, ovarian cancer (NCT 02759588); or CG0070
(Cold
Genesys), an adenovirus engineered to express GM-CSF, in bladder cancer
(NCT02365818).
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[00247] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is selected from
JX-929
(SillaJen/formerly Jennerex Biotherapeutics), a TK- and vaccinia growth factor-
deficient
vaccinia virus engineered to express cytosine deaminase, which is able to
convert the prodrug 5-
fluorocytosine to the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil; TG01 and TGO2
(Targovax/formerly Oncos),
peptide-based immunotherapy agents targeted for difficult-to-treat RAS
mutations; and TILT-
123 (TILT Biotherapeutics), an engineered adenovirus designated: Ad5/3-E2F-
de1ta24-hTNFa-
IRES-1111,20; and VSV-GP (ViraTherapeutics) a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
engineered to
express the glycoprotein (GP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV),
which can be
further engineered to express antigens designed to raise an antigen-specific
CD8+ T cell
response.
[00248] In some embodiments, the present invention comprises administering to
said patient a
compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in
combination with a
T-cell engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor, or CAR. The T-cells
engineered to
express such chimeric antigen receptor are referred to as a CAR-T cells.
[00249] CARs have been constructed that consist of binding domains, which may
be derived
from natural ligands, single chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from
monoclonal antibodies
specific for cell-surface antigens, fused to endodomains that are the
functional end of the T-cell
receptor (TCR), such as the CD3-zeta signaling domain from TCRs, which is
capable of
generating an activation signal in T lymphocytes. Upon antigen binding, such
CARs link to
endogenous signaling pathways in the effector cell and generate activating
signals similar to
those initiated by the TCR complex.
[00250] For example, in some embodiments the CAR-T cell is one of those
described in U.S.
Patent 8,906,682 (June; hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety),
which discloses CAR-T
cells engineered to comprise an extracellular domain having an antigen binding
domain (such as
a domain that binds to CD19), fused to an intracellular signaling domain of
the T cell antigen
receptor complex zeta chain (such as CD3 zeta). When expressed in the T cell,
the CAR is able
to redirect antigen recognition based on the antigen binding specificity. In
the case of CD19, the
antigen is expressed on malignant B cells. Over 200 clinical trials are
currently in progress
employing CAR-T in a wide range of
indications.
[http s ://clini caltri al s . gov/ct2/results?term=chimeri
c+antigen+receptors&pg=1] .
Additional Co-Administered Therapeutic Agents ¨ Immunostimulatory Drugs
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[00251] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an
immunostimulatory drug.
For example, antibodies blocking the PD-1 and PD-Li inhibitory axis can
unleash activated
tumor-reactive T cells and have been shown in clinical trials to induce
durable anti-tumor
responses in increasing numbers of tumor histologies, including some tumor
types that
conventionally have not been considered immunotherapy sensitive. See, e.g.,
Okazaki, T. et at.
(2013) Nat. Immunol. 14, 1212-1218; Zou et at. (2016) Sci. Transl. Med. 8. The
anti-PD-1
antibody nivolumab (Opdivo , Bristol-Myers Squibb, also known as ONO-4538,
MDX1106 and
BMS-936558), has shown potential to improve the overall survival in patients
with RCC who
had experienced disease progression during or after prior anti-angiogenic
therapy.
[00252] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of
treating cancer,
such as a cancer described herein, comprising administering to a patient in
need thereof an
effective amount of a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof or
pharmaceutical composition thereof in combination with an additional
therapeutic agent such as
a immunostimulatory drug, such as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In some
embodiments, the
compound and the checkpoint inhibitor are administered simultaneously or
sequentially. In
some embodiments, a compound disclosed herein is administered prior to the
initial dosing with
the immune checkpoint inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the immune checkpoint
inhibitor is
administered prior to the initial dosing with the compound disclosed herein.
[00253] In certain embodiments, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected
from a PD-1
antagonist, a PD-Li antagonist, or a CTLA-4 antagonist. In some embodiments, a
CXCR4
antagonist such as a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof is
administered in combination with nivolumab (anti-PD-1 antibody, Opdivo ,
Bristol-Myers
Squibb); pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibody, Keytruda , Merck); ipilimumab
(anti-CTLA-4
antibody, Yervoy , Bristol-Myers Squibb); durvalumab (anti-PD-Li antibody,
Imfinzi ,
AstraZeneca); or atezolizumab (anti-PD-Li antibody, Tecentriq , Genentech).
[00254] Other immune checkpoint inhibitors suitable for use in the present
invention include
REGN2810 (Regeneron), an anti-PD-1 antibody tested in patients with basal cell
carcinoma
(NC TO3132636); NSCLC (NCT03088540); cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
(NCT02760498); lymphoma (NCT02651662); and melanoma (NCT03002376); pidilizumab
(CureTech), also known as CT-011, an antibody that binds to PD-1, in clinical
trials for diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma; avelumab (Bavencio , Pfizer/Merck
KGaA),
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also known as MSB0010718C), a fully human IgG1 anti-PD-Li antibody, in
clinical trials for
non-small cell lung cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, solid tumors,
renal cancer,
ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, and gastric cancer; and
PDR001
(Novartis), an inhibitory antibody that binds to PD-1, in clinical trials for
non-small cell lung
cancer, melanoma, triple negative breast cancer and advanced or metastatic
solid tumors.
Tremelimumab (CP-675,206; Astrazeneca) is a fully human monoclonal antibody
against
CTLA-4 that has been in studied in clinical trials for a number of
indications, including:
mesothelioma, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and
non-small cell
lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, germ cell
cancer, squamous
cell cancer of the head and neck, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer,
endometrial cancer,
metastatic cancer in the liver, liver cancer, large B-cell lymphoma, ovarian
cancer, cervical
cancer, metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer, urothelial cancer, fallopian
tube cancer, multiple
myeloma, bladder cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and melanoma. AGEN-1884 (Agenus)
is an anti-
CTLA4 antibody that is being studied in Phase 1 clinical trials for advanced
solid tumors
(NCT02694822).
[00255] Another paradigm for immune-stimulation is the use of oncolytic
viruses. In some
embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a patient by
administering a
CXCR4 antagonist such as a compound disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt
thereof or pharmaceutical composition thereof in combination with an
immunostimulatory
therapy such as oncolytic viruses. Approved immunostimulatory oncolytic
viruses which may
be used in the present invention include talimogene laherparepvec (live,
attenuated herpes
simplex virus, Imlygicg, Amgen).
[00256] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an activator
of retinoic acid
receptor-related orphan receptor y (RORyt). RORyt is a transcription factor
with key roles in the
differentiation and maintenance of Type 17 effector subsets of CD4+ (Th17) and
CD8+ (Tc17) T
cells, as well as the differentiation of IL-17 expressing innate immune cell
subpopulations such
as NK cells. An activator of RORyt, that is being studied which may be used in
the present
invention is LYC-55716 (Lycera), which is currently being evaluated in
clinical trials for the
treatment of solid tumors (NCT02929862).
[00257] In some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is an agonist or
activator of a
toll-like receptor (TLR). Suitable activators of TLRs include an agonist or
activator of TLR9
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such as SD-101 (Dynavax). SD-101 is an immunostimulatory CpG which is being
studied for B-
cell, follicular and other lymphomas (NCT02254772). Agonists or activators of
TLR8 which
may be used in the present invention include motolimod (VTX-2337, VentiRx
Pharmaceuticals)
which is being studied for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck
(NCT02124850) and
ovarian cancer (NCT02431559).
[00258] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include
inhibitors of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin containing protein-3 (TIM-3). TIM-3
inhibitors that
may be used in the present invention include TSR-022, LY3321367 and MBG453.
TSR-022
(Tesaro) is an anti-TIM-3 antibody which is being studied in solid tumors
(NCT02817633).
LY3321367 (Eli Lilly) is an anti-TIM-3 antibody which is being studied in
solid tumors
(NCT03099109). M1BG453 (Novartis) is an anti-TIM-3 antibody which is being
studied in
advanced malignancies (NCT02608268).
[00259] Other checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention
include
inhibitors of T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains, or TIGIT, an
immune receptor
on certain T cells and NK cells. TIGIT inhibitors that may be used in the
present invention
include BMS-986207 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody
(NCT02913313); OMP-313M32 (Oncomed); and anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody
(NCT03119428).
[00260] Checkpoint inhibitors that may be used in the present invention also
include inhibitors
of Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3). LAG-3 inhibitors that may be used in
the present
invention include BMS-986016 and REGN3767 and IMP321. BMS-986016 (Bristol-
Myers
Squibb), an anti-LAG-3 antibody, is being studied in glioblastoma and
gliosarcoma
(NCT02658981). REGN3767 (Regeneron), is also an anti-LAG-3 antibody, and is
being studied
in malignancies (NCT03005782). IMP321 (Immutep S.A.) is an LAG-3-Ig fusion
protein, being
studied in melanoma (NCT02676869); adenocarcinoma (NCT02614833); and
metastatic breast
cancer (NCT00349934).
[00261] Other immune-oncology agents that may be used in the present invention
in
combination with CXCR4 inhibitors such as a compound disclosed herein include
urelumab
(BMS-663513, Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody;
varlilumab (CDX-
1127, Celldex Therapeutics), an anti-CD27 monoclonal antibody; BMS-986178
(Bristol-Myers
Squibb), an anti-0X40 monoclonal antibody; lirilumab (IPH2102/BMS-986015,
Innate Pharma,
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Bristol-Myers Squibb), an anti-KIR monoclonal antibody; monalizumab (IPH2201,
Innate
Pharma, AstraZeneca) an anti-NKG2A monoclonal antibody; andecaliximab (GS-
5745, Gilead
Sciences), an anti-MMP9 antibody; MK-4166 (Merck & Co.), an anti-GITR
monoclonal
antibody.
[00262] Other additional therapeutic agents that may be used in the present
invention include
glembatumumab vedotin-monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) (Celldex), an anti-
glycoprotein
NMB (gpNMB) antibody (CR011) linked to the cytotoxic MMAE. gpNMB is a protein
overexpressed by multiple tumor types associated with cancer cells' ability to
metastasize.
[00263] A compound of the current invention may also be used to advantage in
combination
with other antiproliferative compounds. Such antiproliferative compounds
include, but are not
limited to checkpoint inhibitors; aromatase inhibitors; antiestrogens;
topoisomerase I inhibitors;
topoisomerase II inhibitors; microtubule active compounds; alkylating
compounds; histone
deacetylase inhibitors; compounds which induce cell differentiation processes;
cyclooxygenase
inhibitors; MMP inhibitors; mTOR inhibitors; antineoplastic antimetabolites;
platin compounds;
compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity and further
anti-angiogenic
compounds; compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a
protein or lipid
phosphatase; gonadorelin agonists; anti-androgens; methionine aminopeptidase
inhibitors; matrix
metalloproteinase inhibitors; bisphosphonates; biological response modifiers;
antiproliferative
antibodies; heparanase inhibitors; inhibitors of Ras oncogenic isoforms;
telomerase inhibitors;
proteasome inhibitors; compounds used in the treatment of hematologic
malignancies;
compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of Flt-3; Hsp90
inhibitors such as 17-
AAG (17-allylaminogeldanamycin, NSC330507), 17-DMAG (17-
dimethylaminoethylamino-17-
demethoxy-geldanamycin, N5C707545), IPI-504, CNF1010, CNF2024, CNF1010 from
Conforma Therapeutics; temozolomide (Temodalc)); kinesin spindle protein
inhibitors, such as
5B715992 or 5B743921 from GlaxoSmithKline, or pentamidine/chlorpromazine from
CombinatoRx; MEK inhibitors such as ARRY142886 from Array BioPharma, AZd6244
from
AstraZeneca, PD181461 from Pfizer and leucovorin.
[00264] The term "checkpoint inhibitor" as used herein relates to agents
useful in preventing
cancer cells from avoiding the immune system of the patient. One of the major
mechanisms of
anti-tumor immunity subversion is known as "T-cell exhaustion," which results
from chronic
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exposure to antigens that has led to up-regulation of inhibitory receptors.
These inhibitory
receptors serve as immune checkpoints in order to prevent uncontrolled immune
reactions.
[00265] PD-1 and co-inhibitory receptors such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
antigen 4 (CTLA-4,
B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA; CD272), T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin
domain-3
(Tim-3), Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (Lag-3; CD223), and others are often
referred to as a
checkpoint regulators. They act as molecular "gatekeepers" that allow
extracellular information
to dictate whether cell cycle progression and other intracellular signalling
processes should
proceed.
[00266] In one aspect, the checkpoint inhibitor is a biologic therapeutic
or a small molecule.
In another aspect, the checkpoint inhibitor is a monoclonal antibody, a
humanized antibody, a
fully human antibody, a fusion protein or a combination thereof In a further
aspect, the
checkpoint inhibitor inhibits a checkpoint protein selected from CTLA-4, PDL1,
PDL2, PD1, B7-
H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160, CGEN-15049,
CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, B-7 family ligands or a combination thereof In an
additional aspect, the
checkpoint inhibitor interacts with a ligand of a checkpoint protein selected
from CTLA-4, PDL1,
PDL2, PD1, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD160,
CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, B-7 family ligands or a combination thereof. In
an aspect,
the checkpoint inhibitor is an immunostimulatory agent, a T cell growth
factor, an interleukin, an
antibody, a vaccine or a combination thereof. In a further aspect, the
interleukin is IL-7 or IL-15.
In a specific aspect, the interleukin is glycosylated IL-7. In an additional
aspect, the vaccine is a
dendritic cell (DC) vaccine.
[00267] Checkpoint inhibitors include any agent that blocks or inhibits in
a statistically
significant manner, the inhibitory pathways of the immune system. Such
inhibitors may include
small molecule inhibitors or may include antibodies, or antigen binding
fragments thereof, that
bind to and block or inhibit immune checkpoint receptors or antibodies that
bind to and block or
inhibit immune checkpoint receptor ligands. Illustrative checkpoint molecules
that may be
targeted for blocking or inhibition include, but are not limited to, CTLA-4,
PDL1, PDL2, PD1,
B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, HVEM, GAL9, LAG3, TIM3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4 (belongs to the
CD2
family of molecules and is expressed on all NK, y6, and memory CD8+ (c43) T
cells), CD160
(also referred to as BY55), CGEN-15049, CHK 1 and CHK2 kinases, A2aR, and
various B-7
family ligands. B7 family ligands include, but are not limited to, B7- 1, B7-
2, B7-DC, B7-H1,
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B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6 and B7-H7. Checkpoint inhibitors include
antibodies, or
antigen binding fragments thereof, other binding proteins, biologic
therapeutics, or small
molecules, that bind to and block or inhibit the activity of one or more of
CTLA-4, PDL1, PDL2,
PD1, BTLA, HVEM, TIM3, GAL9, LAG3, VISTA, KIR, 2B4, CD 160 and CGEN-15049.
Illustrative immune checkpoint inhibitors include Tremelimumab (CTLA-4
blocking antibody),
anti-0X40, PD-Ll monoclonal Antibody (Anti-B7-H1; MEDI4736), MK-3475 (PD-1
blocker),
Nivolumab (anti-PD1 antibody), CT-011 (anti-PD1 antibody), BY55 monoclonal
antibody,
AMP224 (anti-PDL1 antibody), BMS- 936559 (anti-PDL1 antibody), MPLDL3280A
(anti-PDL1
antibody), MSB0010718C (anti-PDL1 antibody), and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4
checkpoint
inhibitor). Checkpoint protein ligands include, but are not limited to PD-L1,
PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-
H4, CD28, CD86 and TIM-3.
[00268] In certain embodiments, the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected
from a PD-1
antagonist, a PD-Li antagonist, and a CTLA-4 antagonist. In some embodiments,
the
checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of nivolumab
(Opdivog), ipilimumab
(Yervoyg), and pembrolizumab (Keytrudag).
[00269] In some embodiments, the checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the
group consisting
of lambrolizumab (MK-3475), nivolumab (BMS-936558), pidilizumab (CT-011), AMP-
224,
MDX-1105, MEDI4736, MPDL3280A, BMS-936559, ipilimumab, lirlumab, IPH2101,
pembrolizumab (Keytrudag), and tremelimumab.
[00270] The term "aromatase inhibitor" as used herein relates to a compound
which inhibits
estrogen production, for instance, the conversion of the substrates
androstenedione and
testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively. The term includes, but is
not limited to
steroids, especially atamestane, exemestane and formestane and, in particular,
non-steroids,
especially aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane,
testolactone,
ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole. Exemestane is
marketed under the
trade name AromasinTM. Formestane is marketed under the trade name LentaronTM.
Fadrozole is
marketed under the trade name AfemaTM. Anastrozole is marketed under the trade
name
ArimidexTM. Letrozole is marketed under the trade names FemaraTM or FemarTM.
Aminoglutethimide is marketed under the trade name OrimetenTM. A combination
of the
invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an aromatase inhibitor
is particularly
useful for the treatment of hormone receptor positive tumors, such as breast
tumors.
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[00271] The term "antiestrogen" as used herein relates to a compound which
antagonizes the
effect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level. The term includes, but is
not limited to
tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloride. Tamoxifen is
marketed under
the trade name NolvadexTM. Raloxifene hydrochloride is marketed under the
trade name
EvistaTM. Fulvestrant can be administered under the trade name FaslodexTM. A
combination of
the invention comprising a chemotherapeutic agent which is an antiestrogen is
particularly useful
for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive tumors, such as breast tumors.
[00272] The term "anti-androgen" as used herein relates to any substance which
is capable of
inhibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormones and includes, but is
not limited to,
bicalutamide (CasodexTm). The term "gonadorelin agonist" as used herein
includes, but is not
limited to abarelix, goserelin and goserelin acetate. Goserelin can be
administered under the
trade name ZoladexTM.
[00273] The term "topoisomerase I inhibitor" as used herein includes, but
is not limited to
topotecan, gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecian and its analogues, 9-
nitrocamptothecin and the
macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148. Irinotecan can be
administered, e.g. in
the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark CamptosarTM. Topotecan is
marketed under
the trade name HycamptinTM.
[00274] The term "topoisomerase II inhibitor" as used herein includes, but
is not limited to the
anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (including liposomal formulation, such as
CaelyxTm),
daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones
mitoxantrone and
losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide. Etoposide is
marketed under
the trade name EtopophosTM. Teniposide is marketed under the trade name VM 26-
Bristol
Doxorubicin is marketed under the trade name AcriblastinTM or AdriamycinTM.
Epirubicin is
marketed under the trade name FarmorubicinTM. Idarubicin is marketed. under
the trade name
ZavedosTM. Mitoxantrone is marketed under the trade name Novantron.
[00275] The term "microtubule active agent" relates to microtubule
stabilizing, microtubule
destabilizing compounds and microtublin polymerization inhibitors including,
but not limited to
taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel; vinca alkaloids, such as
vinblastine or vinblastine
sulfate, vincristine or vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine; discodermolides;
cochicine and
epothilones and derivatives thereof Paclitaxel is marketed under the trade
name TaxolTm.
Docetaxel is marketed under the trade name TaxotereTm. Vinblastine sulfate is
marketed under
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the trade name Vinblastin R.PTM. Vincristine sulfate is marketed under the
trade name
FarmistinTM.
[00276] The term "alkylating agent" as used herein includes, but is not
limited to,
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU or Gliadel).
Cyclophosphamide
is marketed under the trade name CyclostinTM. Ifosfamide is marketed under the
trade name
HoloxanTM.
[00277] The term "histone deacetylase inhibitors" or "HDAC inhibitors" relates
to compounds
which inhibit the histone deacetylase and which possess antiproliferative
activity. This includes,
but is not limited to, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
[00278] The term "antineoplastic antimetabolite" includes, but is not
limited to, 5-fluorouracil
or 5-FU, capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylating compounds, such as 5-
azacytidine and
decitabine, methotrexate and edatrexate, and folic acid antagonists such as
pemetrexed.
Capecitabine is marketed under the trade name XelodaTM. Gemcitabine is
marketed under the
trade name GemzarTM.
[00279] The term "platin compound" as used herein includes, but is not limited
to,
carboplatin, cis-platin, cisplatinum and oxaliplatin. Carboplatin can be
administered, e.g., in the
form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark CarboplatTM. Oxaliplatin can
be administered,
e.g., in the form as it is marketed, e.g. under the trademark EloxatinTM.
[00280] The term "compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase
activity; or a
protein or lipid phosphatase activity; or further anti-angiogenic compounds"
as used herein
includes, but is not limited to, protein tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or
threonine kinase
inhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, such as a) compounds targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the
activity of the platelet-derived growth factor-receptors (PDGFR), such as
compounds which
target, decrease or inhibit the activity of PDGFR, especially compounds which
inhibit the PDGF
receptor, such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as imatinib,
SU101, SU6668
and GFB-111; b) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of
the fibroblast
growth factor-receptors (FGFR); c) compounds targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the activity of
the insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR), such as compounds which
target, decrease or
inhibit the activity of IGF-IR, especially compounds which inhibit the kinase
activity of IGF-I
receptor, or antibodies that target the extracellular domain of IGF-I receptor
or its growth factors;
d) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the Trk
receptor tyrosine kinase
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family, or ephrin B4 inhibitors; e) compounds targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the activity of
the AxI receptor tyrosine kinase family; f) compounds targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the
activity of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase; g) compounds targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the
activity of the Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib; h)
compounds targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the C-kit receptor tyrosine kinases,
which are part of the
PDGFR family, such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity
of the c-Kit
receptor tyrosine kinase family, especially compounds which inhibit the c-Kit
receptor, such as
imatinib; i) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of
members of the c-Abl
family, their gene-fusion products (e.g. BCR-Abl kinase) and mutants, such as
compounds which
target decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Abl family members and their gene
fusion products,
such as an N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, such as imatinib or
nilotinib (AMN107);
PD180970; AG957; NSC 680410; PD173955 from ParkeDavis; or dasatinib (BMS-
354825); j)
compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of members of the
protein kinase C
(PKC) and Raf family of serine/threonine kinases, members of the MEK, SRC,
JAK/pan-JAK,
FAK, PDKI, PKB/Akt, Ras/MAPK, PI3K, SYK, TYK2, BTK and TEC family, and/or
members
of the cyclin-dependent kinase family (CDK) including staurosporine
derivatives, such as
midostaurin; examples of further compounds include UCN-01, safingol, BAY 43-
9006,
Bryostatin 1, Perifosine; llmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; lsis
3521;
LY333531/LY379196; isochinoline compounds; FTIs; PD184352 or QAN697 (a P 13K
inhibitor) or AT7519 (CDK inhibitor); k) compounds targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the
activity of protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as compounds which
target, decrease or inhibit
the activity of protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors include imatinib mesylate
(GleevecTM) or
tyrphostin such as Tyrphostin A23/RG-50810; AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213;
Tyrphostin AG
1748; Tyrphostin AG 490; Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer;
Tyrphostin AG 555;
AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin (4-{[(2,5-
dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-benzoic acid adamantyl ester; NSC 680410,
adaphostin); 1)
compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal
growth factor family
of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFRi ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo- or
heterodimers) and their
mutants, such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of
the epidermal
growth factor receptor family are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies
which inhibit
members of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase family, such as EGF receptor,
ErbB2, ErbB3 and
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ErbB4 or bind to EGF or EGF related ligands, CP 358774, ZD 1839, ZM 105180;
trastuzumab
(HerceptinTm), cetuximab (ErbituxTm), Iressa, Tarceva, OSI-774, C1-1033, EKB-
569, GW-2016,
E1.1, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.11, E6.3 or E7.6.3, and 7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-
d]pyrimidine
derivatives; m) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of
the c-Met receptor,
such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Met,
especially compounds
which inhibit the kinase activity of c-Met receptor, or antibodies that target
the extracellular
domain of c-Met or bind to HGF, n) compounds targeting, decreasing or
inhibiting the kinase
activity of one or more JAK family members (JAK1/JAK2/JAK3/TYK2 and/or pan-
JAK),
including but not limited to PRT-062070, SB-1578, baricitinib, pacritinib,
momelotinib, VX-509,
AZD-1480, TG-101348, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib; o) compounds targeting,
decreasing or
inhibiting the kinase activity of PI3 kinase (P13 K) including but not limited
to ATU-027, SF-
1126, DS-7423, PBI-05204, GSK-2126458, ZSTK-474, buparlisib, pictrelisib, PF-
4691502,
BYL-719, dactolisib, XL-147, XL-765, and idelalisib; and; and q) compounds
targeting,
decreasing or inhibiting the signaling effects of hedgehog protein (Hh) or
smoothened receptor
(SMO) pathways, including but not limited to cyclopamine, vismodegib,
itraconazole,
erismodegib, and IPI-926 (saridegib).
[00281] The term "PI3K inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited
to compounds
having inhibitory activity against one or more enzymes in the
phosphatidylinosito1-3-kinase
family, including, but not limited to PI3Ka, PI3Ky, PI3K6, PI3K13, PI3K-C2a,
PI3K-C213, PI3K-
C2y, Vps34, p110-a, p110-0, p110-y, p110-6, p85-a, p85-0, p55-y, p150, p101,
and p87.
Examples of PI3K inhibitors useful in this invention include but are not
limited to ATU-027, SF-
1126, DS-7423, PBI-05204, GSK-2126458, ZSTK-474, buparlisib, pictrelisib, PF-
4691502,
BYL-719, dactolisib, XL-147, XL-765, and idelalisib.
[00282] The term "Bc1-2 inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited
to compounds
having inhibitory activity against B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bc1-2),
including but not limited to
ABT-199, ABT-731, ABT-737, apogossypol, Ascenta's pan-Bc1-2 inhibitors,
curcumin (and
analogs thereof), dual B c1-2/B cl-xL inhibitors (Infinity Pharm aceuti c al
s/Novarti s
Pharmaceuticals), Genasense (G3139), HA14-1 (and analogs thereof; see
W02008118802),
navitoclax (and analogs thereof, see US7390799), NH-1 (Shenayng Pharmaceutical
University),
obatoclax (and analogs thereof, see W02004106328), S-001 (Gloria
Pharmaceuticals), TW
series compounds (Univ. of Michigan), and venetoclax. In some embodiments the
Bc1-2
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inhibitor is a small molecule therapeutic. In some embodiments the Bc1-2
inhibitor is a
peptidomimetic.
[00283] The term "BTK inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited
to compounds
having inhibitory activity against Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), including,
but not limited to
AVL-292 and ibrutinib.
[00284] The term "SYK inhibitor" as used herein includes, but is not limited
to compounds
having inhibitory activity against spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), including but
not limited to
PRT-062070, R-343, R-333, Excellair, PRT-062607, and fostamatinib.
[00285] Further examples of BTK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatable
by such
compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in
W02008039218
and W02011090760, the entirety of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[00286] Further examples of SYK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatable
by such
compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in
W02003063794,
W02005007623, and W02006078846, the entirety of which are incorporated herein
by
reference.
[00287] Further examples of PI3K inhibitory compounds, and conditions
treatable by such
compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in
W02004019973,
W02004089925, W02007016176, US8138347, W02002088112, W02007084786,
W02007129161, W02006122806, W02005113554, and W02007044729 the entirety of
which
are incorporated herein by reference.
[00288] Further examples of JAK inhibitory compounds, and conditions treatable
by such
compounds in combination with compounds of this invention can be found in
W02009114512,
W02008109943, W02007053452, W02000142246, and W02007070514, the entirety of
which
are incorporated herein by reference.
[00289] Further anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having another
mechanism
for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition e.g.
thalidomide
(ThalomidTm) and TNP-470.
[00290] Examples of proteasome inhibitors useful for use in combination with
compounds of
the invention include, but are not limited to bortezomib, disulfiram,
epigallocatechin-3-gallate
(EGCG), salinosporamide A, carfilzomib, ONX-0912, CEP-18770, and MLN9708.
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[00291] Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein
or lipid
phosphatase are e.g. inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25,
such as okadaic
acid or a derivative thereof.
[00292] Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes include, but are
not limited
to, retinoic acid, a- y- or 6- tocopherol or a- y- or 6-tocotrienol.
[00293] The term cyclooxygenase inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not
limited to, Cox-
2 inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and
derivatives, such as celecoxib
(CelebrexTm), rofecoxib (VioxxTm), etoricoxib, valdecoxib or a 5-alkyl-2-
arylaminophenylacetic
acid, such as 5-methy1-2-(2'-chloro-6'-fluoroanilino)phenyl acetic acid,
lumiracoxib.
[00294] The term "bisphosphonates" as used herein includes, but is not
limited to, etridonic,
clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, al endroni c, ibandronic, ri sedronic and
zoledronic acid.
Etridonic acid is marketed under the trade name DidronelTM. Clodronic acid is
marketed under
the trade name BonefosTM. Tiludronic acid is marketed under the trade name
SkelidTM.
Pamidronic acid is marketed under the trade name ArediaTM. Alendronic acid is
marketed under
the trade name FosamaxTM. Ibandronic acid is marketed under the trade name
BondranatTM.
Risedronic acid is marketed under the trade name ActonelTM. Zoledronic acid is
marketed under
the trade name ZometaTM. The term "mTOR inhibitors" relates to compounds which
inhibit the
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and which possess antiproliferative
activity such as
sirolimus (Rapamuneg), everolimus (CerticanTm), CCI-779 and ABT578.
[00295] The term "heparanase inhibitor" as used herein refers to compounds
which target,
decrease or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation. The term includes, but is not
limited to, PI-88.
The term "biological response modifier" as used herein refers to a lymphokine
or interferons.
[00296] The term "inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms", such as H-Ras, K-Ras,
or N-Ras, as
used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the
oncogenic activity of Ras;
for example, a "farnesyl transferase inhibitor" such as L-744832, DK8G557 or
R115777
(ZarnestraTm). The term "telomerase inhibitor" as used herein refers to
compounds which target,
decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase. Compounds which target,
decrease or inhibit the
activity of telomerase are especially compounds which inhibit the telomerase
receptor, such as
telomestatin.
[00297] The term "methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor" as used herein refers
to compounds
which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine aminopeptidase.
Compounds which
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target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine aminopeptidase include,
but are not limited
to, bengamide or a derivative thereof.
[00298] The term "proteasome inhibitor" as used herein refers to compounds
which target,
decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome. Compounds which target,
decrease or inhibit
the activity of the proteasome include, but are not limited to, Bortezomib
(VelcadeTM) and MLN
341.
[00299] The term "matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor" or ("MMP" inhibitor) as
used herein
includes, but is not limited to, collagen peptidomimetic and nonpeptidomimetic
inhibitors,
tetracycline derivatives, e.g. hydroxamate peptidomimetic inhibitor batimastat
and its orally
bioavailable analogue marimastat (BB-2516), prinomastat (AG3340), metastat
(NSC 683551)
BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211 , M11V1I270B or AAJ996.
[00300] The term "compounds used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies"
as used
herein includes, but is not limited to, FMS-like tyrosine kinase inhibitors,
which are compounds
targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase
receptors (Flt-3R);
interferon, 1-0-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c) and bisulfan; and ALK
inhibitors, which are
compounds which target, decrease or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
[00301] Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of FMS-like
tyrosine kinase
receptors (Flt-3R) are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which
inhibit members of the
Flt-3R receptor kinase family, such as PKC412, midostaurin, a staurosporine
derivative,
SU11248 and MLN518.
[00302] The term "HSP90 inhibitors" as used herein includes, but is not
limited to,
compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of
HSP90;
degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client proteins via
the ubiquitin
proteosome pathway. Compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the
intrinsic ATPase
activity of HSP90 are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which
inhibit the ATPase
activity of HSP90, such as 17-allylamino,17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG), a
geldanamycin
derivative; other geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC
inhibitors.
[00303] The term "antiproliferative antibodies" as used herein includes,
but is not limited to,
trastuzumab (HerceptinTm), Trastuzumab-DM1, erbitux, bevacizumab (AvastinTm),
rituximab
(Rituxanc)), PR064553 (anti-CD40) and 2C4 Antibody. By antibodies is meant
intact
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monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed
from at least 2
intact antibodies, and antibodies fragments so long as they exhibit the
desired biological activity.
[00304] For the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), compounds of the
current
invention can be used in combination with standard leukemia therapies,
especially in
combination with therapies used for the treatment of AML. In particular,
compounds of the
current invention can be administered in combination with, for example,
farnesyl transferase
inhibitors and/or other drugs useful for the treatment of AML, such as
Daunorubicin,
Adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, Teniposide, Mitoxantrone, Idarubicin, Carboplatinum
and PKC412.
[00305] Other anti-leukemic compounds include, for example, Ara-C, a
pyrimidine analog,
which is the f-alpha-hydroxy ribose (arabinoside) derivative of deoxycytidine.
Also included is
the purine analog of hypoxanthine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and fludarabine
phosphate.
Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit activity of histone deacetylase
(HDAC) inhibitors
such as sodium butyrate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) inhibit the
activity of the
enzymes known as histone deacetylases. Specific HDAC inhibitors include M5275,
SAHA,
FK228 (formerly FR901228), Trichostatin A and compounds disclosed in US
6,552,065
including, but not limited to, N-hydroxy-344-[[[2-(2-methy1-1H-indo1-3-y1)-
ethyl]-
amino]methyl]pheny1]-2E-2-propenamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof and N-
hydroxy-3 -[4- [(2-hydroxyethyl) 2-(1H-indo1-3 -yl)ethyl] -amino]m ethyl]
phenyl] -2E-2-
propenamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, especially the
lactate salt.
Somatostatin receptor antagonists as used herein refer to compounds which
target, treat or inhibit
the somatostatin receptor such as octreotide, and 50M230. Tumor cell damaging
approaches
refer to approaches such as ionizing radiation. The term "ionizing radiation"
referred to above
and hereinafter means ionizing radiation that occurs as either electromagnetic
rays (such as X-
rays and gamma rays) or particles (such as alpha and beta particles). Ionizing
radiation is
provided in, but not limited to, radiation therapy and is known in the art.
See Hellman, Principles
of Radiation Therapy, Cancer, in Principles and Practice of Oncology, Devita
et al., Eds., 4th
Edition, Vol. 1 , pp. 248-275 (1993).
[00306] Also included are EDG binders and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.
The term
"EDG binders" as used herein refers to a class of immunosuppressants that
modulates
lymphocyte recirculation, such as FTY720. The term "ribonucleotide reductase
inhibitors"
refers to pyrimidine or purine nucleoside analogs including, but not limited
to, fludarabine and/or
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cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), 6-thioguanine, 5-fluorouracil, cladribine, 6-
mercaptopurine
(especially in combination with ara-C against ALL) and/or pentostatin.
Ribonucleotide reductase
inhibitors are especially hydroxyurea or 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1 ,3-dione
derivatives.
[00307] Also included are in particular those compounds, proteins or
monoclonal antibodies
of VEGF such as 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine or a
pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, 1-(4-chloroanilino)-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)phthalazine
succinate;
AngiostatinTM; EndostatinTM; anthranilic acid amides; ZD4190; Zd6474; SU5416;
SU6668;
bevacizumab; or anti-VEGF antibodies or anti-VEGF receptor antibodies, such as
rhuMAb and
RHUFab, VEGF aptamer such as Macugon; FLT-4 inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors,
VEGFR-2 IgGI
antibody, Angiozyme (RPI 4610) and B evacizumab (AvastinTm).
[00308] Photodynamic therapy as used herein refers to therapy which uses
certain chemicals
known as photosensitizing compounds to treat or prevent cancers. Examples of
photodynamic
therapy include treatment with compounds, such as VisudyneTM and porfimer
sodium.
[00309] Angiostatic steroids as used herein refers to compounds which block or
inhibit
angiogenesis, such as, e.g., anecortave, triamcinolone, hydrocortisone, 11-a-
epihydrocotisol,
cortexolone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone,
testosterone,
estrone and dexamethasone.
[00310] Implants containing corticosteroids refers to compounds, such as
fluocinolone and
dexamethasone.
[00311] Other chemotherapeutic compounds include, but are not limited to,
plant alkaloids,
hormonal compounds and antagonists; biological response modifiers, preferably
lymphokines or
interferons; antisense oligonucleotides or oligonucleotide derivatives; shRNA
or siRNA; or
miscellaneous compounds or compounds with other or unknown mechanism of
action.
[00312] The structure of the active compounds identified by code numbers,
generic or trade
names may be taken from the actual edition of the standard compendium "The
Merck Index" or
from databases, e.g. Patents International (e.g. IN/IS World Publications).
[00313] A compound of the current invention may also be used in combination
with known
therapeutic processes, for example, the administration of hormones or
radiation. In certain
embodiments, a provided compound is used as a radiosensitizer, especially for
the treatment of
tumors which exhibit poor sensitivity to radiotherapy.
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[00314] A compound of the current invention can be administered alone or in
combination
with one or more other therapeutic compounds, possible combination therapy
taking the form of
fixed combinations or the administration of a compound of the invention and
one or more other
therapeutic compounds being staggered or given independently of one another,
or the combined
administration of fixed combinations and one or more other therapeutic
compounds. A
compound of the current invention can besides or in addition be administered
especially for
tumor therapy in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy,
phototherapy,
surgical intervention, or a combination of these. Long-term therapy is equally
possible as is
adjuvant therapy in the context of other treatment strategies, as described
above. Other possible
treatments are therapy to maintain the patient's status after tumor
regression, or even
chemopreventive therapy, for example in patients at risk.
[00315] Those additional agents may be administered separately from an
inventive
compound-containing composition, as part of a multiple dosage regimen.
Alternatively, those
agents may be part of a single dosage form, mixed together with a compound of
this invention in
a single composition. If administered as part of a multiple dosage regime, the
two active agents
may be submitted simultaneously, sequentially or within a period of time from
one another
normally within five hours from one another.
[00316] As used herein, the term "combination," "combined," and related terms
refers to the
simultaneous or sequential administration of therapeutic agents in accordance
with this
invention. For example, a compound of the present invention may be
administered with another
therapeutic agent simultaneously or sequentially in separate unit dosage forms
or together in a
single unit dosage form. Accordingly, the present invention provides a single
unit dosage form
comprising a compound of the current invention, an additional therapeutic
agent, and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle.
[00317] The amount of both an inventive compound and additional therapeutic
agent (in those
compositions which comprise an additional therapeutic agent as described
above) that may be
combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary
depending upon
the host treated and the particular mode of administration. In some
embodiments, compositions
of this invention should be formulated so that a dosage of between 0.01 - 100
mg/kg body
weight/day of an inventive compound can be administered.
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[00318] In those compositions which comprise an additional therapeutic agent,
that additional
therapeutic agent and the compound of this invention may act synergistically.
Therefore, the
amount of additional therapeutic agent in such compositions will be less than
that required in a
monotherapy utilizing only that therapeutic agent. In such compositions a
dosage of between
0.01 ¨ 1,000 g/kg body weight/day of the additional therapeutic agent can be
administered.
[00319] The amount of additional therapeutic agent present in the compositions
of this
invention will be no more than the amount that would normally be administered
in a composition
comprising that therapeutic agent as the only active agent. In some
embodiments, the amount of
additional therapeutic agent in the presently disclosed compositions will
range from about 50%
to 100% of the amount normally present in a composition comprising that agent
as the only
therapeutically active agent.
[00320] The compounds of this invention, or pharmaceutical compositions
thereof, may also
be incorporated into compositions for coating an implantable medical device,
such as prostheses,
artificial valves, vascular grafts, stents and catheters. Vascular stents, for
example, have been
used to overcome restenosis (re-narrowing of the vessel wall after injury).
However, patients
using stents or other implantable devices risk clot formation or platelet
activation. These
unwanted effects may be prevented or mitigated by pre-coating the device with
a
pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a kinase inhibitor.
Implantable devices
coated with a compound of this invention are another embodiment of the present
invention.
EXEMPLIFICATION
General Synthetic Methods
[00321] The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and
are not to be
construed as being limitations thereon. Unless otherwise stated, one or more
tautomeric forms of
compounds of the examples described hereinafter may be prepared in situ and/or
isolated. All
tautomeric forms of compounds of the examples described hereafter should be
considered to be
disclosed. Temperatures are given in degrees centigrade. If not mentioned
otherwise, all
evaporations are performed under reduced pressure, preferably between about 15
mm Hg and
100 mm Hg (= 20-133 mbar). The structure of final products, intermediates and
starting
materials is confirmed by standard analytical methods, e.g., microanalysis and
spectroscopic
characteristics, e.g., MS, IR, NMR. Abbreviations used are those conventional
in the art.
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[00322] All starting materials, building blocks, reagents, acids, bases,
dehydrating agents,
solvents, and catalysts utilized to synthesis the compounds of the present
invention are either
commercially available or can be produced by organic synthesis methods known
to one of
ordinary skill in the art (Houben-Weyl 4th Ed. 1952, Methods of Organic
Synthesis, Thieme,
Volume 21). Further, the compounds of the present invention can be produced by
organic
synthesis methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art as shown in the
following examples.
[00323] As depicted in the Examples below, in certain exemplary embodiments,
compounds
are prepared according to the following general procedures. It will be
appreciated that, although
the general methods depict the synthesis of certain compounds of the present
invention, the
following general methods, and other methods known to one of ordinary skill in
the art, can be
applied to all compounds and subclasses and species of each of these
compounds, as described
herein.
Abbreviations
equiv or eq: molar equivalents
o/n: overnight
rt: room temperature
UV: ultra violet
HPLC: high pressure liquid chromatography
Rt: retention time
LCMS or LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
CC: column chromatography
TLC: thin layer chromatography
sat: saturated
aq: aqueous
Ac: acetyl
DCM: di chl orom ethane
DCE: di chloroethane
DEA: diethylamine
DMF: dimethylformamide
DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide
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ACN or MeCN: acetonitrile
DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine
EA or Et0Ac: ethyl acetate
BINAP: ( )-2,21-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthalene
TEA: triethylamine
THF: tetrahydrofuran
TBS: tert-butyldimethylsilyl
KHMDS: potassium hexamethyl disilylazide
Tf: trifluoromethanesulfonate
Ms: methanesulfonyl
NBS: N-bromosuccinimide
PE: petroleum ether
TFA: trifluoroacetic acid
MMPP: magnesium monoperoxyphthalate
HATU: 1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-
oxid
Hexafluorophosphate
NCS: N-chlorosuccinimide
Cy: cyclohexyl
Tol: toluene
DMP: Dess-Martin periodinane
2-iodoxybenzoic acid
PMB: p-methoxybenzyl
SEM: [2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl
XPhos or X-Phos: 2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-21,41,6'-triisopropylbiphenyl
[00324] General information: All evaporations were carried out in vacuo with a
rotary
evaporator. Analytical samples were dried in vacuo (1-5 mmHg) at rt. Thin
layer
chromatography (TLC) was performed on silica gel plates, spots were visualized
by UV light
(214 and 254 nm). Purification by column and flash chromatography was carried
out using silica
gel (200-300 mesh). Solvent systems are reported as mixtures by volume. All 11-
1 NMR spectra
were recorded on a Bruker 400 (400 MHz) spectrometer. 11-1 chemical shifts are
reported in 6
values in parts per million (ppm) with the deuterated solvent as the internal
standard. Data are
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reported as follows: chemical shift, multiplicity (s = singlet, d = doublet, t
= triplet, q = quartet,
br = broad, m = multiplet), coupling constant (Hz), integration (i.e. number
of protons). LCMS
spectra were obtained on an Agilent 1200 series 6110 or 6120 mass spectrometer
with
electrospray ionization and except as otherwise indicated, the general LCMS
conditions were as
follows: Waters X Bridge C18 column (50 mm*4.6 mm*3.5 p.m), Flow Rate: 2.0
mL/min, the
column temperature: 40 C.
[00325] General procedure A (Wolff-Kishner Reduction): A mixture of 2,6-diaryl
piperidin-4-one (concentration 0.1-1 M), KOH (20 equiv.) and N2H44120 (40
equiv.) in
diethylene glycol was stirred for about 2 hours at 80 C and then at approx.
150-200 C until the
reaction completed. After cooled down to room temperature, the reaction
mixture was diluted
with water and extracted with DCM or another appropriate solvent. The organic
layer was
washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in
vacuum. The
residue was purified by column chromatography to give the desired 2,6-diaryl
piperidine.
[00326] General procedure B (N-Alkylation of 2,6-diaryl piperidine): To a
solution of 2,6-
diaryl piperidine (concentration 0.1-1 M) in DNIF or MeCN was added
corresponding halide or
mesylate (2 equiv.) and K2CO3 (2 equiv.) under Ar atmosphere. The mixture was
stirred at 80
C overnight, then it was diluted with H20 and extracted with DCM. The combined
organic
layers were washed with water, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in
vacuo to give
desired N-alkylated target.
[00327] General procedure C (Reaction of alcohols with methanesulfonyl
chloride): To a
solution of alcohol (concentration 0.1-1 M) and Et3N (approx. 2.5 equiv.) in
DCM was added
MsC1 (1.2-1.4 equiv.) dropwise at -70 C, and the reaction mixture was stirred
at room
temperature for 30 mins, then the resulting mixture was quenched with NaHCO3
(aq.) and
extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers were washed with water and
brine, dried over
Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give the
corresponding
mesylate.
[00328] General procedure D (Reaction of mesylates or halides with 2,6-diaryl
piperidine):
A mixture of 2,6-diaryl piperidine (concentration 0.1-1 M), corresponding
mesylate or halide
(approx. 2-3 equiv.), KI (0.2-0.3 equiv.), DIPEA (2-3 equiv.) in DMF or MeCN
was stirred
overnight at 60-80 C and filtered. The filtrate was purified by prep-HPLC to
get the alkylated
2,6-diaryl piperidine.
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[00329] General procedure E (Reaction of aryl aldehyde with acetone to give 4-
(heteroaryl
or aryl)but-3-en-2-one: A mixture of corresponding aryl aldehyde
(concentration 0.1-1 M),
acetone (20 equiv.) and K2CO3 (1.5-2 equiv.) in toluene/Et0H/H20 (5:2:1) was
stirred at 80 C
for approx. 13 hours and cooled down to room temperature. After diluted with
EA, The reaction
mixture was filtered through basic silica gel column and washed with DCM/Me0H
(100/1). The
filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give 4-(heteroaryl or aryl)but-3-en-2-
one which was used
in the next step without further purification.
[00330] General procedure F (Reaction of aryl aldehyde with acetone to give 4-
(heteroaryl
or aryl)but-3-en-2-one): To a mixture of aryl aldehyde (concentration 0.1-1 M)
in acetone were
added a solution of NaOH (approx. 8 M, 1.5 equiv.) in H20 at 0 C. The mixture
was stirred at 0
C for 1 hour. Then it was warmed to room temperature and stirred another 2
hours. The
solution was adjusted pH to 8 with 35% HC1 aq., dried over anhydrous Na2SO4,
filtered and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography to
give 4-
(heteroaryl or aryl)but-3-en-2-one.
[00331] General procedure G (Buchwald coupling of aryl bromide with alkyl
amine): A
mixture of aryl bromide (concentration 0.1-1 M), alkyl amine (2 equiv., 0.2-2
M), Pd(OAc)2 (0.1-
0.15 equiv.), BINAP (0.2-0.3 equiv.), and Cs2CO3 (2-4 equiv.) in toluene was
stirred at 75-120
C overnight. After completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum
and purified by
column chromatography to afford the desired product.
[00332] General procedure H (Suzuki coupling of aryl bromide with aryl
boronic acid):
aryl bromide (concentration 0.1-1 M), aryl boronic acid (1.1-1.5 equiv.),
PdC12(dppf) (0.05-0.08
equiv.), and Na2CO3 aq. (1 M, 2.5 equiv.) in 1,4-dioxane was stirred at 80-100
C for 10 min.
under microwave irradiation. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was
diluted with
water and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM 3 times. The combined
organic layers
were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was
concentrated in
vacuum and the residue was purified by silica gel column.
[00333] General procedure I (reductive amination of secondary amine to
tertiary amine):
To a mixture of secondary amine (concentration 0.1-1 M), corresponding
aldehyde or ketone (1-
2 equiv.) and NaBH(OAc)3 (3-6 equiv.) in DCM was added several drops of acetic
acid, and then
the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2-18 h. The mixture was
neutralized with
saturated NaHCO3 aqueous solution to pH = 8-9 and extracted with DCM. The
organic layers
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were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum
to give the
desired tertiary amine.
[00334] General procedure J (Boc cleavage of N-Boc protected amines): To a
solution of
N-Boc protected amine (concentration 0.1-1 M) in DCM was added TFA (1/15
volume of DCM)
at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h, then
concentrated and saturated
NaHCO3 aqueous solution was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM. The
combined
organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give the
free amine as the
desired product.
Example 1: Synthesis of 1-9
Synthetic Scheme for 1-9
0 0
= 0
)0
% K2CO3(1.5 eq)
________________________________ / \ NNAN
toluene:Et0H:H20=5:2:1 \ 0 L-proline (0.4 eq.) -
¨N I
CH3NH2 aq, Me0H, rt, o/n Th3r
1-a 1-0 1-1
NH2NH2=H20 NHBoc )\1
KOH Cs2CO3 I I I Pd/C, H2
v.
I I
HO 0H Br Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, Cul Me0H
1-2 NHBoc
1-3
N N
I I I TFA/DCM I
NHBoc NH2
1-4 1-9
[00335] Synthesis of 1-0.
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0
/=N
Ii K2003(1.5 eq)
toluene:Et0H:H20=5:2:1 \-N
1-a 1-0
[00336] A mixture of 3-methylpicolinaldehyde (1-a; 10.0 g, 82.55 mmol),
acetone (60 mL)
and K2CO3 (17.11 g, 123.83 mmol) in the solvent of toluene-Et0H-H20 (150 mL +
60 mL + 30
mL) was stirred at 70 C for 16 h. After cooled to rt, the solvent was
evaporated in vacuo. The
resulting residue was partitioned between DCM and H20. The aqueous phase was
further
extracted with DCM twice. The combined organic phases were washed with brine
and dried over
anhydrous Na2SO4, then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and
the residue was
purified by column chromatography to afford 1-0 (9.20 g, 69.1%) as light green
solid. LCMS
(Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50 mm*4.6 mm*3.5 [tm);
Column
Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 90% [(total 10mM
AcONH4)
water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN =
100/900 (v/v)]
to 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water /CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 90% [(total 10mM
AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for
2.4 min,
finally changed to 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and
10% [(total
10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 0.1 min and under this condition
for 0.7
min). Purity: 92.77%. Rt = 1.01 min; MS Calcd.: 161.1; MS Found: 162.1 [M+H]t
[00337] Synthesis of 1-1.
0
Br
In
e NN \\L-proline (0.4 eq.) I _
=
CH3NH2 aq, Me0H, rt, 0/fl zBr
1-0 1-1
[00338] To a solution of 1-0 (1.10 g, 6.82 mmol), L-Proline (314.3 mg, 2.73
mmol) and 3-
bromopicolinaldehyde (1.40 g, 7.51 mmol) in Me0H (50.0 mL) was added
methanamine aq. (2
mL, 40%). The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent
was removed
under reduced pressure and purified by column chromatography to give trans-1-1
(200.00 mg,
8.1% yield) and cis-1-1 (700.00 mg, 28.5% yield) as an orange solid. H-HNOESY
confirmed the
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structure. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18
(50mm*4.6mm*3.5[tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile
Phase:
from 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total
10mM
AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] to 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN =
900/100 (v/v)] and 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in
1.6 min, then
under this condition for 2.4 min, finally changed to 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4)
water/CH3CN
= 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in
0.1 min
and under this condition for 0.7 min). Purity: 76.00%. Rt = 1.88 min; MS
Calcd.: 359.1; MS
Found: 360.2 [M + LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18
(50
mm*4.6 mm*3.5 [tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile
Phase:
from 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total
10mM
AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] to 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water /CH3CN
=
900/100 (v/v)] and 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in
1.6 min, then
under this condition for 2.4 min, finally changed to 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4)
water/CH3CN
= 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in
0.1 min
and under this condition for 0.7 min). Purity: 85.97%. Rt = 1.92 min; MS
Calcd.: 238.0; MS
Found: 239.0 [M+H]
[00339] Synthesis of 1-2.
0
NH2NH2=H20
JN KOH
OH I
H 0
Br 1-2
1-1
[00340] To a solution of cis-1-1 (1.00 g, 2.78 mmol) in diethylene glycol (50
mL) were added
KOH (3.11 g, 55.52 mmol) and hydrazine hydrate (6.95 g, 80%, 111.03 mmol). The
mixture was
stirred at 80 C for 2 h. Then it was heated at 180 C to distill off
hydrazine hydrate (about 2 h),
then it was stirred at 180 C for another 1 h, after which LCMS showed the
reaction complete.
The solution was cooled to room temperature. Water was added and the mixture
was extracted
with Et0Ac. The organic layer was washed with brine twice, dried over
anhydrous Na2SO4,
filtered and concentrated in vacuum, the resulting residue of which was
purified by column
chromatography to provide product 1-2 (1.3 g, 34.0% yield) as light yellow
oil. LC-MS (Agilent
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LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50 mm*4.6 mm*3.5[tm); Column
Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 90% [(total 10mM
AcONH4)
water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN =
100/900 (v/v)]
to 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water /CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 90% [(total 10mM
AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for
2.4 min,
finally changed to 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and
10% [(total
10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 0.1 min and under this condition
for 0.7
min). Purity: 53.68%, Rt = 2.16 min; MS Calcd.: 345.1; MS Found: 346.2 [M+H]t
[00341] Synthesis of 1-3.
N,;1\)N NHBoc
I I
pd(pph3)2c12, Cfl
Br
1-2 NHBoc
1-3
[00342] A mixture of 1-2 (250.00 mg, 51.2% purity, 0.37 mmol), tert-butyl prop-
2-
ynylcarbamate (116.53 mg, 0.74 mmol), Pd(PPh3)C12 (16.50 mg, 0.04 mmol), CuI
(7.15 mg, 0.04
mmol) and cesium carbonate (1.00 g, 2.78 mmol) in THF (10 mL) were stirred at
80 C for 4h.
Water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the
extract was washed
with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated
under reduced
pressure. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to give 1-3 (50.0 mg, 31.7%
yield) as white
solid. LC-MS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50 mm*4.6
mm*3.5
[tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 90%
[(total
10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4)
water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] to 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100
(v/v)]
and 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 1.6 min, then
under this
condition for 2.4 min, finally changed to 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN
= 900/100
(v/v)] and 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 0.1 min
and under this
condition for 0.7 min). Purity: 72.39%, Rt = 2.08 min; MS Calcd.: 420.2; MS
Found: 421.4
[M+H]
[00343] Synthesis of 1-4.
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N
I yI Pd/C, H2 I 1
Me0H
NHBoc NHBoc
1-3 1-4
[00344] A mixture of 1-3 (90.00 mg, 0.21 mmol) and 10% palladium on charcoal
(20 mg) in
Me0H (5 mL) was hydrogenated at room temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere.
After 16 h,
the mixture was filtered and the solvent evaporated to give 1-4 (75.0 mg,
82.5%) as white foam.
LC-MS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50 mm*4.6
mm*3.51.tm);
Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 90%
[(total 10mM
AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN
=
100/900 (v/v)] to 10% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water /CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)] and
90% [(total
10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 1.6 min, then under this
condition for 2.4
min, finally changed to 90% [(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 900/100 (v/v)]
and 10%
[(total 10mM AcONH4) water/CH3CN = 100/900 (v/v)] in 0.1 min and under this
condition for
0.7 min). Purity: 100.00%, Rt = 2.01 min; MS Calcd.: 424.3; MS Found: 425.3
[M+H]
[00345] Synthesis of 1-9: (+/-) 3-(2-((2R,6S)-1-methy1-6-(3-methylpyridin-2-
yl)piperidin-
2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)propan-1-amine.
N
I TFA/DCM N
I i I
NHBoc NH2
1-4 1-9
[00346] A solution of 1-4 (75.00 mg, 0.18 mmol) in TFA/Me0H (5 mL, 1:2) was
stirred at rt
for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduce pressure and purified by prep-
HPLC to provide
product 1-9 (22 mg, 38.4% yield) as white solid. LC-MS (Agilent LCMS 1200-
6120, Mobile
Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 3.0 min, then under this condition for 1.0 min,
finally
changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under
this
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condition for 0.7 min). Purity: 100.00%, Rt = 1.78 min; MS Calcd.: 324.2; MS
Found: 325.4
[M+H]. HPLC (Agilent LCMS 1200, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (150mm *4.6 mm*3.5
lm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95%
[water +
5% TFA] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 5% TFA] and 100% [CH3CN+ 5% TFA] in 10
min,
then under this condition for 5 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 5% TFA]
and 5% [CH3CN]
in 0.1 min and under this condition for 5 min). Purity: 100.00%. Rt = 4.60
min. 1H NMR
(CDC13) 6 1.46-1.73 (m, 7H), 1.84-2.01 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.57-2.76 (m,
6H), 3.50 (t, 2H, J=
8.8 Hz), 6.96-7.03 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.38 (m, 2H), 8.30 (d, 2H, J = 3.6 Hz).
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Example 2: Synthesis of!-!, 1-5, 1-6, and 1-7
Synthetic Scheme for I-1, 1-7, 1-5, and 1-6
CN
aBr CN
Pd(OAc)2 (0.1 equiv)
I
Pd/C, H CN 2 '
_________________________ ,-
N COOMe P(o-toly1)3 (0.2 equiv) N COOMe Me0H, r.t.,
2 hr
1\r COOMe
TEA (3 equiv) 2-1
2-0 2-2
DMF, sealed tube
130 C, 4 hr
1 CN
LiHMDS (2 eq.) CN
I
EA (2 eq.), THE I N
-50 C, 30 mm 0 I
LiCI, DMSO, H20
n )-- 0
Y.YN1
0 0 K2CO3, MeCN 130
C, 8 hr
r.t., o/n 0 0
2-3
2-4
N
N -1
CN MeNH2, NaBH3CN I I I H202, KOH
I AcOH ,..
NC4n n CN n
M CONH2
e0H
1\1 1-1 1-7
0
2-5
CN
N
te\C) \.=\ NH4Br, NaBH3CN 1 )\I N N
KOH, AcOH / ^ H202, KOH f N
Me0H
0 CN
2-5 CONH2
1-5
1-6
[00347] Synthesis of 2-1.
Br CN
I Pd(OAc)2 (0.1 equiv) CN
I
NCOOMe ). \
N COOMe
P(o-toly1)3 (0.2 equiv)
2-0
TEA (3 equiv) 2-1
DMF, sealed tube
130 C, 4 h
[00348] A mixture of 2-0 (9 g, 41.66 mmol), palladium diacetate (935 mg, 4.17
mmol), P(o-
toly1)3 (2.5 g, 8.34 mmol), acrylonitrile (22 g, 416.60 mmol) and
triethylamine (12 g, 125 mmol)
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in DNIF (20 mL) was stirred at 130 C for 4h in a sealed tube. Then the
suspension was filtered;
the filtrate was poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane (50
mLx3), the separated
organics were concentrated by vacuum and the residue was purified by column
chromatography
(PE/EA= 10/1) to give 2-1 (2 g, yield: 26%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (Agilent
LCMS 1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40
C;
Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 90% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 10%
[CH3CN] to 5% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 95% [CH3CN] in 0.5 min, then under
this
condition for 1.5 min, finally changed to 90% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 10%
[CH3CN] in
0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 70%; Rt = 0.75 min; MS
Calcd.: 188.1;
MS Found: 189.2 [M+H]t
[00349] Synthesis of 2-2.
CN Pd/C, H2
" I
Me0H, r.t., 2 h
NCOOMe NCOOMe
2-1 2-2
[00350] A mixture of 2-1 (2 g, 10.63 mmol) and palladium (200 mg, 10% on
activated
carbon) in Me0H (30 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Then the
suspension was
filtered and the filtrate was concentrated by vacuum; the residue was purified
column
chromatography (PE/EA= 10/1) to give 2-2 (2 g, yield: 99%) as a colorless oil.
LCMS (Agilent
LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column
Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10
mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6
min,
then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and
5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 98%; Rt
= 0.69 min; MS
Calcd.: 190.1; MS Found: 191.2 [M+H]t
[00351] Synthesis of 2-3.
CN
CN LiHMDS (2 equiv)
EA (2 equiv), THF
N=ryC)
NCOOMe -50 C, 30 min
0 0
2-2 2-3
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[00352] To the solution of EA (741 mg, 8.42 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added
LiHMDS
(8.4 mL, 8.42 mmol, 1 M in THF solution) and the mixture was stirred for 15
minutes at -50 C,
followed by adding a solution of 2-2 (800 mg, 4.21 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The
mixture was
stirred for 30 minutes at -50 C. Then the suspension was poured into NH4C1
solution (15 mL)
and extracted with DCM (30 mLx2). The separated organics were concentrated by
vacuum and
the residue was purified by column chromatography (PE/EA= 20/1) to give 2-3
(600 mg, yield:
58%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge
C18
(50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile
Phase:
from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3]
and
100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally
changed to 95% [water
+ 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7
min.). Purity:
87%; Rt = 1.60 min; MS Calcd.: 246.1; MS Found: 247.3 [M+H].
[00353] Synthesis of 2-4.
CN CN
0
0 0
K2CO3, MeCN
2-3 r.t., oin 0 0
2-4
[00354] A mixture of 2-3 (1.8 g, 7.31 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.1 g, 7.31
mmol), and 1-
(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1 -one (1.1 g, 7.31 mmol) in MeCN (20 mL) was
stirred at room
temperature overnight. Then the mixture was poured into water and extracted
with
dichloromethane (30 mLx2). The separated organics were concentrated by vacuum
to give crude
2-4 (2 g, 70%) as brown oil, which was used for the next step directly. LCMS
(Agilent LCMS
1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column
Temperature: 40
C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 0.05% TFA] and 5%
[CH3CN +
0.05% TFA] to 0% [water + 0.05% TFA] and 100% [CH3CN + 0.05% TFA] in 1.6 min,
then
under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 0.05% TFA]
and 5% [CH3CN
+ 0.05% TFA] in 0.05 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 84%;
Rt = 1.83 min;
MS Calcd.: 393.2; MS Found: 394.2 [M+H]t
[00355] Synthesis of 2-5.
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CN CN
LiCI, DMSO, H2O"
130 C, 24 hr
0 0 0
2-4 2-5
[00356] A mixture of 2-4 (2 g, 5.08 mmol), lithium chloride (863 mg, 20.33
mmol), and
catalytic amount of water in DMSO (10 mL) was stirred at 130 C for 24 h. Then
the suspension
was poured into water (15 mL) and extracted with EA (50 mLx3). The separated
organics were
concentrated by vacuum and the residue was purified by column chromatography
(PE/EA= 5/1)
to give 2-5 (500 mg, yield: 31%) as a white solid. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-
6120, Column:
Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.5[tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate:
2.0
mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0%
[water +
mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4
min, finally
changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under
this
condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 100%; Rt = 1.12 min; MS Calcd.: 321.1; MS
Found: 322.3
[M+H]
[00357] Synthesis of I-1: (+/-) 3-(24(2R,6S)-1-methy1-6-(3-methylpyridin-2-
yl)piperidin-
2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)propanenitrile.
CN
Me NH 2, N a BH3CN N
AcOH
Me0H
0 CN
2-5 1-1
[00358] A mixture of 2-5 (200 mg, 0.62 mmol), acetic acid (41 mg, 0.68 mmol),
methylamine
(77 mg, 2.48 mmol, 30% wt in methanol) and sodium cyanoborohydride (59 mg,
0.93 mmol) in
Me0H (15 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, then warmed to 70 C
and stirred for
2 days. Then the suspension was poured into water and extracted with
dichloromethane (15
mLx3), the separated organics were concentrated by vacuum and the residue was
purified by
reverse-phase CC to give I-1 (30 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LCMS (Agilent LCMS
1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm *4.6 mm*3.5 [tm); Column Temperature:
40 C;
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Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this
condition for
1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1
min and
under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 94%; Rt = 1.66 min; MS Calcd.:
320.2; MS Found:
321.4 [M+H]t
HPLC (Agilent HPLC 1200, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18
(150mm*4.6mm*3.5[tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min; Mobile
Phase:
from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3]
and
100% [CH3CN] in 10 min, then under this condition for 5 min, finally changed
to 95% [water +
mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 5 min.).
Purity:
92%, Rt = 7.92 min. 1-E1 NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 8.60 (d, J = 4 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (d,
J = 4.8 Hz,
1H), 7.78 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 7.6, 4.4
Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J
= 8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 5.52 (dd, J= 14.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.37 (dd, J= 12, 3.2 Hz,
1H), 3.26-3.21 (m,
1H), 3.11-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.83 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.21-
2.17 (m, 2H), 1.95-
1.74 (m, 4H).
[00359]
Synthesis of 1-7: (+1-) 3-(2-((2R,6S)-1-methy1-6-(3-methylpyridin-2-
yl)piperidin-
2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide.
N,
N
j N
I I H202, KOH I I
DMS0
CN CONH2
1-1 1-7
[00360] To a solution of I-1 (80 mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) was added a
solution of
KOH (70 mg, 1.25 mmol) and H202 (42.5 mg, 1.25 mmol) in water (2 mL) at 0 C,
and the
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Then the suspension was
poured into water and
extracted with dichloromethane (15 mLx3). The separated organics were washed
with sodium
sulfite aqueous solution and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified
by reverse-phase
CC to give 1-7 (14 mg, 17%) as a white solid. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120,
Column:
Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm *4.6 mm*3.5 [tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow
Rate: 2.0
mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0%
[water +
10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4
min, finally
changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under
this
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condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 98%; Rt = 1.41 min; MS Calcd.: 338.2; MS
Found:
339.4[M+H]t HPLC (Agilent HPLC 1200, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (150mm*4.6
mm*3.5 1.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase:
from 95%
[water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100%
[CH3CN] in 10 min, then under this condition for 5 min, finally changed to 95%
[water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 5 min.).
Purity: 98%, Rt =
6.41 min; MS Calcd.: 338.2; MS Found: 339.3[M+H]t 1H NMIt (400 MHz, CD30D)
8.41-8.14
(m, 2H), 7.69-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.15 (m, 2H), 3.61-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.91
(m, 2H), 2.58-2.45
(m, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.14-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.83-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.48-0.78 (m,
2H).
[00361] Synthesis of 1-5: (+/-) 3-(2-((2R,6S)-6-(3-methylpyridin-2-
yl)piperidin-2-
yl)pyridin-3-yl)propanenitrile.
CN
No#,ON4.,N
NH4Br, NaBH3CN f
KOH, AcOH nn
Me0H
0 CN
2-5 1-5
[00362] A mixture of 2-5 (200 mg, 0.62 mmol), acetic acid (41 mg, 0.68 mmol),
potassium
hydroxide (9 mg, 0.16 mmol), ammonium bromide (244 mg, 2.4 mmol) and sodium
cyanoborohydride (59 mg, 0.93 mmol) in Me0H (15 mL) was stirred at room
temperature
overnight, then warmed to 70 C and stirred for 2 days. Then the suspension
was poured into
water and extracted with dichloromethane (15 mLx3), the separated organics
were concentrated
under vacuum, and the residue was purified by reverse-phase CC to give 1-5 (28
mg, 15%) as a
white solid. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18
(50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile
Phase:
from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3]
and
100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally
changed to 95% [water
+ 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7
min.). Purity:
91.6%; Rt = 1.62 min; MS Calcd.: 306.2; MS Found: 307.4 [M+H]t HPLC (Agilent
HPLC
1200, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (150mm *4.6 mm*3.5 1.tm); Column
Temperature: 40 C;
Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 10 min, then under this
condition for 5
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min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min
and under
this condition for 5 min.). Purity: 97.0%, Rt = 7.69 min; MS Calcd.: 306.2; MS
Found: 307.2
[M+H]. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 8.44 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (d, J =
3.6 Hz, 1H),
7.38 (dd, J = 8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J= 7.6, 4.8
Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J
= 7.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.05 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.47 (m, 2H),
2.26 (s, 3H), 2.05-
2.00 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.49-1.28 (m, 2H).
[00363] Synthesis of 1-6: (+/-) 3-(2-((2R,6S)-6-(3-methylpyridin-2-
yl)piperidin-2-
yl)pyridin-3-yl)propanamide.
N,4oen=Nv N,
N H202, KOH N
I I
oN CONH2
1-5 1-6
[00364] A solution of 1-5 (80 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) was added a
solution of KOH
(73 mg, 1.30 mmol) and H202 (45 mg, 1.30 mmol) in water (2 mL) at 0 C and the
mixture was
stirred at room temperature for lh. Then the suspension was poured into water
and extracted with
dichloromethane (15 mLx3), the separated organics was concentrated by vacuum
and the residue
was purified by reverse-phase CC to give 1-6 (19 mg, 23%) as a white solid.
LCMS (Agilent
LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.5p,m); Column
Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10
mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6
min,
then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and
5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 93.2%;
Rt = 1.39 min;
MS Calcd.: 324.2; MS Found: 325.3 [M+H]t HPLC (Agilent HPLC 1200, Column:
Waters X-
Bridge C18 (150mm *4.6 mm*3.5 lm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 1.0
mL/min;
Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water +
10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 10 min, then under this condition for 5 min,
finally changed
to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this
condition for 5
min.). Purity: 98.0%, Rt = 6.35 min; MS Calcd.: 324.2; MS Found: 325.4 [M+H]
11-1 NMR
(400 MHz, CDC13) 8.47 (dd, J= 4.4, 1.2Hz, 1H), 8.43 (d, J= 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.62-
7.58 (m, 2H),
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7.23-7.16 (m, 2H), 4.31 (d, J= 2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (d, J= 2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.10-2.95
(m, 2H), 2.57-
2.48 (m, 2H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.18-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.67-1.47 (m, 2H).
Example 3: Synthesis of 1-2 and 1-3
Synthetic Scheme for 1-2 and 1-3
I I.
Si S(
Br I
3-a 1 \ TBAF (1M) I
N- y Cul, THE
r.t., 1 hr
N- y
0 Pd(PPh3)20I2, DIPEA 0
60 C, 2 hr 0
3-0 3-2
3-1
H
,N, N
CI
I N
I
õ... Nr)
3-b Pd/C, H2 EA, LiHMDS
Ag0Tf, PhCI N- 1-- Me0H, 4 hr NThr THE, -50 C,
0.5 hr
130 C, o/n 0 0
3-3 3-4
nN
t 3-c
Nr 1 K2003, MeCN
0 0 r.t.,4 hr
3-5
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Synthetic Scheme for 1-2 and 1-3 (Continued)
1 \ N 1 \ N I
I I
0 0 N
N N MeNH2, AcOH
HCI NaBH3CN, Me0H N
0 ______________________________________________________ r.
N 1 100 C, 2 hr OV
I i) r.t., o/n ii) 70 C, o/n
N 1\11:.-
)
\ 0 \ 1
I N
\
0 0
3-6 3-7 1-2
0
N I
I 0 N NH4Br, AcOH N
NaBH3CN, Me0H NH
r
Oy i) r.t., o/n ii) 70 C, o/n N Nil-,-)
I 1 N
\
I
\
0
3-7 1-3
[00365] Synthesis of 3-2.
I I .
Si Br I SI
3-a TBAF (1M) 1
Cul, THF NO r.t., 1 hr
0 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, DIPEA 0
60 C, 2 hr 0
3-0 3-1 3-2
[00366] A mixture of 3-0 (10.0 g, 46.3 mmol), 3-a (13.6 g, 138.9 mmol), CuI
(1.8 g, 9.3
mmol), Pd(PPh3)2C12 (3.2 g, 4.6 mmol) and DIPEA (25 mL) in THF (250 mL) was
stirred at 60
C for 2 h under N2 atmosphere. After LCMS indicated the reaction was
completed, the mixture
was cooled to room temperature, treated with the solution of TBAF (56 mL, 1 M)
in THF and
stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After TLC indicated the reaction was
completed, the reaction
mixture was filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under
vacuum and the residue
was purified by silica column chromatography to give 3-2 (6.5 g, 87%) as black
solid. LCMS
(Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm *4.6 mm*3.5 pm);
Column
Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10
mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3C1\1] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in
1.6 min,
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then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and
5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.) Purity: 88.03%.
Rt = 0.75 min;
MS Calcd.: 161.1; MS Found: 162.2 [M+H]t
[00367] Synthesis of 3-3.
\ N
N
3-b
Ag0Tf, PhCI
0 130 C, o/n 0
3-2 3-3
[00368] A mixture of 3-2 (1.8 g, 11.2 mmol), 3-b (1.5 g, 22.4 mmol) and Ag0Tf
(575 mg,
2.24 mmol) in PhC1 (30 mL) was stirred at 130 C overnight under N2
atmosphere. After LCMS
indicated the reaction was completed, the solution was cooled to room
temperature, quenched
with water, and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with
saturated brine twice,
dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum. The residue
was purified by
silica column chromatography to give 3-3 (1.08 g, 42%) as yellow oil. LCMS
(Agilent LCMS
1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column
Temperature: 40
C; Flow Rate: 2.0 ml/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and
5%
[CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under
this
condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN] in
0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 83.28%, Rt = 0.77 min;
MS Calcd.: 229.1;
MS Found: 230.2 [M+H]t
[00369] Synthesis of 3-4.
\ N
Pd/C, H2
Me0H, 4 hr
0 0
3-3 3-4
[00370] A mixture of 3-3 (1.08 g, 4.7 mmol) and Pd/C (110 mg) in Me0H (40 mL)
was
stirred at room temperature for 4 h under H2 atmosphere. After LCMS indicated
the reaction was
completed, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and concentrated
to give 3-4 (900
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mg, 84%) as light-yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-
Bridge
C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min;
Mobile
Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4 min,
finally
changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under
this
condition for 0.7 min.) Purity: 72.74%. Rt = 1.33 min; MS Calcd.: 231.1; MS
Found: 232.2
[M+H]
[00371] Synthesis of 3-5.
N'Nr EA, LiHMDS Nc
THE, -50 C, 0.5 hro
0 0 0
3-4 3-5
[00372] To a solution of the 3-4 (900 mg, 3.9 mmol), ethyl acetate (1029 mg,
11.7 mmol) in
THF (30 mL) was added LiHMDS (11.7 mL, 11.7 mmol, 1M THF solution) dropwise at
-50 C
under N2 atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred at -50 C for 30 min. The
reaction was
quenched with 2N HC1 aq. and washed with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Then
the mixture
was adjusted to pH 9 with 40% NaOH aq. and extracted with DCM. The organic
layer was
washed with saturated brine twice, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and
concentrated in vacuum to
give 3-5 (1.0 g, 89%) as yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column:
Waters X-
Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6 mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0
mL/min;
Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water +
10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4 min,
finally
changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under
this
condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 73.60%. Rt = 0.97 min; MS Calcd.: 287.1; MS
Found: 288.2
[M+H]
[00373] Synthesis of 3-6.
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f7
I 3-c0
arry0
K2003, MeCN 0 I
0 0 r.tõ4 hr
0
3-5 3-6
[00374] A suspension of 3-5 (1.0 g, 3.48 mmol), K2CO3 (481 mg, 3.48 mmol) in
CH3CN (50
ml) was stirred at room temperature for 15 min under N2 atmosphere, then 3-c
(768 mg, 5.23
mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, poured
into NaHCO3
aq., and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine
twice, dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuum to give 3-6 (1.5 g, 99%) as
yellow oil.
LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6
mm*3.5[tm);
Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 ml/min; Mobile Phase: from 95%
[water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6
min,
then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and
5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 70.89%,
Rt = 1.99 min;
MS Calcd.: 434.2; MS Found: 435.2 [M+H]t
[00375] Synthesis of 3-7.
0
N
C I
0 m
N
100 C, 2 hr 01\11X
0
0 0
3-6 3-7
[00376] A solution of 3-6 (1.5 g, 3.46 mmol) in conc. HC1 aq. (30 ml) was
stirred at 100 C
for 2 h and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in H20, adjusted
to pH 9 with
20% NaOH aq., and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with
saturated brine
twice, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuum, and purified by
silica column
chromatography to give 3-7 (700 mg, 56%) as yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent LCMS
1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm *4.6 mm*3.5 [tm); Column Temperature:
40 C;
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Flow Rate: 2.0 ml/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this
condition for
1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1
min and
under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 93.32%, Rt = 1.86 min; MS Calcd.:
362.2; MS Found:
363.3 [M+H]+.
[00377] Synthesis of 1-2: (+/-) 3-(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl)-2-42R,6S)-1-
methyl-6-(3-
methylpyridin-2-y1)piperidin-2-y1)pyridine.
occ
N MeNH2, AcOH
NaBH3CN, Me0H )C1
0\J
i) r.t., o/n ii) 70 C, o/n
N
0
3-7 1-2
[00378] To a solution of 3-7 (200 mg, 0.55 mmol), MeNH2 (51 mg, 1.65 mmol),
AcOH (114
mg, 0.61 mmol) in dry methanol (10 ml) was added NaBH3CN (52 mg, 0.83 mmol)
under N2
atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and
additional 24 hours at 70
C. Then it was quenched with NaHCO3 aq. and extracted with DCM. The organic
layer was
washed with saturated brine twice, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated
in vacuum and
purified by prep-TLC to give 1-2 (32 mg, 17%) as yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent
LCMS 1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40
C;
Flow Rate: 2.0 ml/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this
condition for
1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1
min and
under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 91.29%, Rt = 1.70 min; MS Calcd.:
361.2; MS Found:
362.4. HPLC (Agilent HPLC 1200, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (150mm *4.6 mm*3.5
1.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from
95% [water + 10
mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in
10
min, then under this condition for 5 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10
mM NH4HCO3]
and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 5 min.). Purity: 92.73
%, Rt = 8.07
min; MS Calcd.: 361.2; MS Found: 362.4 [M+H] 11-1 NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6: 8.44-
8.41
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(m, 2H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.37 (d, J= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 2H), 7.01-6.98 (m,
2H), 6.15 (s, 1H),
4.37-4.30 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.02-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.89-
1.84 (m, 2H), 1.67
(s, 3H), 1.59-1.54 (m, 2H).
[00379] Synthesis of 1-3: (+/-) 3-(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl)-2-42R,6S)-6-(3-
methylpyridin-2-y1)piperidin-2-y1)pyridine.
Nr1)
0
NH4Br, AcOH
NaBH3CN, Me0H NH
i) r.t., o/n ii) 70 C, o/n Nc)
N N
0
3-7 1-3
[00380] To a solution of 3-7 (200 mg, 0.55 mmol), NH4Br (162 mg, 1.65 mmol),
AcOH (114
mg, 0.61 mmol) in dry methanol (10 ml) was added NaBH3CN (52 mg, 0.83 mmol)
under N2
atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at room temperature over night and
additional 24 h at 70
C. Then it was quenched with NaHCO3 aq. and extracted with DCM. The organic
layer was
washed with saturated brine twice, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, concentrated
in vacuum and
purified by prep-TLC to give 1-3 (25 mg, 13%) as yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent
LCMS 1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40
C;
Flow Rate: 2.0 ml/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this
condition for
1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1
min and
under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 98.45%, Rt = 1.64 min; MS Calcd.:
347.2; MS Found:
348.4. HPLC (Agilent HPLC 1200, Column: Waters X-Bridge
C18
(150mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min;
Mobile Phase:
from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3]
and
100% [CH3CN] in 10 min, then under this condition for 5 min, finally changed
to 95% [water +
mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 5 min.).
Purity:
96.28%, Rt = 7.80 min; MS Calcd.: 347.2; MS Found: 348.4 [M+H]t 11-1 NMR (400
MHz,
CDC13) 6: 8.44 (dd, J = 1.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d,
J= 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36
(d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.00-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.08 (t, J=
2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.41-
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4.31 (m, 2H), 4.21-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.07-2.03
(m, 1H), 1.83-1.73
(m, 2H), 1.69-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.19-1.17 (m, 1H).
Example 4: Synthesis of 1-4
Synthetic Scheme for 1-4
Br
a
I
N
Nr rs . , NIL , rµi Pd(OH)2 1 0 4-a
LA.11, rd(PPH3)2%-,12 Me0H,
r.t., o/n I Nr 0
0 Et3N, THF, 40 C
0 0
4-0 4-1 4-2
H
N
N r I\1
EA, LiHMDS N-Y
________________ \
I 0 \
THF 0 I
-50 C, 0.5 hr N K2CO3, MeCN, r.t., o/n N 0
0 0
0 0
4-3
4-4
0 0
N
/
conc. HCI I I NH4Br, AcOH N
I\1/ 100 C, 2 hr NaBH3CN _______ NH7
N KOH, Me0H I
70 C, o/n N 1 N
I
4-5
1-4
[00381] Synthesis of 4-1.
Br
I
N
N
I 4-a
0
N Cul, Pd(PPh3)2Cl2
I
0 Et3N, THF, 40 C N-(
0
4-0 4-1
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[00382] To a suspension of 4-a (1.45 g, 9.18 mmol), CuI (176.7 mg, 0.93 mmol),
Pd
(PPh3)2C12 (838.9 mg, 0.93 mmol) in TEA/THF (1/1, 100 mL) was added 4-0 (1.5
g, 9.31 mmol).
The mixture was stirred at 40 C for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled
to room
temperature and concentrated in vacuum and the residue was purified by column
chromatography to give 4-1 (1.2 g, 54%) as yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.5p,m); Column Temperature: 40
C;
Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 90% [(total 10 mM AcONH4) H20/MeCN =
900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10 mM AcONH4) H20/MeCN = 100/900 (v/v)] to 10%
[(total 10
mM AcONH4) H20/MeCN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 90% [(total 10 mM AcONH4) H20/MeCN =
100/900 (v/v)] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 2.4 min, finally
changed to 90% [(total
mM AcONH4) H20/MeCN = 900/100 (v/v)] and 10% [(total 10 mM AcONH4) H20/MeCN =
100/900 (v/v)] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity:
73.47%, Rt = 1.19 min;
MS Calcd.: 238.1; MS Found: 239.0 [M+H]t
[00383] Synthesis of 4-2.
1
N
Pd(OH)2
Me0H, r.t., o/n
N
Ocro
0 0
4-1 4-2
[00384] A mixture of 4-1 (1.0 g, 4.18 mmol), and 20% Pd(OH)2 (588.0 mg, 0.84
mmol) in
Me0H (100 mL) was stirred at 25 C overnight under H2 atmosphere. After the
reaction was
complete, the mixture was filtered through Celite and concentrated in vacuum
to give crude 4-2
(900.0 mg, 89%) as yellow oil, which was used in the next step without further
purification.
LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.5p,m);
Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95%
[water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3C1\1] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in
1.6 min,
then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and
5% [CH3C1\1] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity:
75.87%, Rt = 1.40 min;
MS Calcd.: 242.1; MS Found: 243.2 [M+H]t
[00385] Synthesis of 4-3.
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EA, LiHMDS
Ocio THF, -50 C, 0.5 hr
0 0 0
4-2 4-3
[00386] To a solution of 4-2 (900.0 mg, 3.72 mmol) and EA (1.96 g, 22.32 mmol)
in THF (50
mL) at -50 C was added 1 N LiHMDS (11.2 mL, 11.16 mmol, 1N in THF). The
mixture was
stirred at -50 C for 1 hour. The mixture was added to 2 N HC1 aq. and
extracted with MTBE
two times, the aqueous layer was neutralized to about pH = 9 with 1 N NaOH
aq., and it was
then extracted with DCM (150 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed
with brine,
dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give crude 4-3 (900
mg, 81%) as
yellow oil, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS
(Agilent LCMS
1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column
Temperature: 40
C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and
5%
[CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under
this
condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN] in
0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 74.77%, Rt = 1.73 min;
MS Calcd.: 298.1;
MS Found: 299.2 [M+H]t
[00387] Synthesis of 4-4.
0
0 N N
0 K2003, MeCN, r.t., o/n
0 0 0 0
4-3 4-4
[00388] To a solution of 4-3 (900 mg, 3.02 mmol) and K2CO3 (417 mg, 3.02 mmol)
in MeCN
(40 mL) at room temperature was added 1-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
(577 mg, 3.93
mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was diluted
with water and
extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with
brine, dried
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with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give crude 4-4 (1.05 g,
78%) as yellow oil,
which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (Agilent
LCMS 1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40
C;
Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this
condition for
1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1
min and
under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 58.82%, Rt = 2.03 min; MS Calcd.:
445.2; MS Found:
446.3 [M+H]+.
[00389] Synthesis of 4-5.
a
0 0
0
con. HCI I
N
100 C, 2 hr
N
0 0
4-4 4-5
[00390] A mixture of 4-4 (1.0 g, 2.25 mmol) was added to con. HC1 aq. (30 ml)
and stirred at
100 C for 2 hours. After completely reacted, the reaction mixture was cooled
down to room
temperature and concentrated in vacuum. Water was added to the residue and
extracted with
DCM (100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried
with Na2SO4,
filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give crude 4-5 (600 mg, 72%) as yellow
oil, which was
used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-
6120, Column:
Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow
Rate: 2.0
mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0%
[water +
mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4
min, finally
changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under
this
condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 72.73%, Rt = 1.91 min; MS Calcd.: 373.2; MS
Found: 374.3
[M+H]
[00391] Synthesis of 1-4: (+1-) 3-methy1-24(2S,6R)-6-(3-(2-(pyridin-2-
yl)ethyl)pyridin-2-
yl)piperidin-2-yl)pyridine.
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0 0
NH4Br, AcOH
I I NaBH3CN NH
KOH, Me0HP
70 C, o/n N
4-5 1-4
[00392] To a solution of 4-5 (250 mg, 0.67 mmol), NH4Br (76.4 mg, 2.68 mmol),
AcOH (72
mg, 0.74 mmol), and KOH (9.5 mg, 0.17 mmol) in Me0H (20 mL) was added NaBH3CN
(62.6
mg, 1.01 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then
stirred at 70 C
overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and
quenched with sat.
NaHCO3 aq. solution. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum and extracted
with DCM
(100 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried with
Na2SO4, filtered,
concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC to give 1-4 (66 mg, 28%) as yellow oil.
LCMS
(Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm);
Column
Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10
mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6
min,
then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and
5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 100.00%,
Rt = 1.73 min;
MS Calcd.: 358.2; MS Found: 359.3 [M+H]. HPLC (Agilent HPLC 1200, Column:
Waters X-
Bridge C18 (150mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 1.0
mL/min;
Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water +
10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 10 min, then under this condition for 5 min,
finally changed
to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this
condition for 5
min.). Purity: 97.53%, Rt = 8.23 min; MS Calcd.: 358.2; MS Found: 359.3 [M+H]t
11-1 NMR
(400 MHz, CDC13) 6: 8.53-8.52 (m, 1H), 8.41 (dd, J = 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.37
(dd, J= 4.8, 1.2 Hz,
1H), 7.52-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.31 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H), 7.00-6.94
(m, 3H), 4.19-
4.11 (m, 2H), 3.12-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.06-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.72
(m, 2H), 1.65-1.49
(m, 3H).
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Example 5: Synthesis of 1-8
Synthetic Scheme for 1-8
Br ON
1
N COOMe
Bu3SnCI, HMPinko SnBu3 5-a
N LDA, THF N 0.
Pd(PPh3)2Cl2
0 C to r.t., o/n DMF, 80 C, 24h N
0
5-0 5-1 5-2
O
,
1
EA, LiHMDS 0, 1 \ / 1
0
THF, -50 C, 0.5 hr & 0
0 _________________________________________________________________ Ni
N ' N
K2CO3, MeC. m = I
0 0 r.t., o/n 0
5-3
0 0
5-4
0 0 I
-,, .,....
N NH4Br, AcOH N
/
con. HCI I I NaBH3CN NH
________ ). ----' N
KOH, Me0H
100 C, 2 hr
70 C, o/n N 1 I 1\1
0 I
\ N
5..5 I -8
[00393] Synthesis of 5-1.
Bu3SnCI, HMPA I SnBu3
I '
LDA, THF N
N 0 C to r.t., o/n
5-0 5-1
[00394] To a solution of 2 N LDA (20 mL, 40 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at 0 C was
added
HMPA (7.2 mL, 40 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 min and treated with a
solution of 5-0
(4 mL, 40 mmol) in THF (20 mL). After stirred for 30 min, the mixture was
treated with a
solution of Bu3SnC1 (11 mL, 40 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and stirred at room
temperature
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overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and the residue was
purified by
column chromatography to give 5-1 (3.5 g, 23%) as light-yellow oil.
[00395] Synthesis of 5-2.
Br CN
I
N COOMe
SnB 5-a lc
u3 ). I
N Pd(PPh3)20I2 0
DMF, 80 C, 24h
0
5-1 5-2
[00396] To a solution of 5-1 (3.50 g, 9.1 mmol) and 5-a (1.59 g, 7.6 mmol) in
DMF (50 mL)
was added Pd(PPh3)2C12 (0.53 g, 0.76 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 70
C overnight.
After the reaction was finished, the mixture was added to H20 (150 mL) and
washed with DCM
twice. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried
over Na2SO4,
filtered, and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by column
chromatography to
give 5-2 (0.6 g, 35%) as light-yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120,
Column:
Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.5[tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate:
2.0
mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0%
[water +
mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4
min, finally
changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under
this
condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 82.80%, Rt = 1.31 min; MS Calcd.: 228.1; MS
Found: 229.4
[M+H] .
[00397] Synthesis of 5-3.
a a
EA, LiHMDS
tN 0 THF, -50 C, 0.5 h; t
-N 0
0 0 0
5-2 5-3
[00398] To a solution of 5-2 (320.0 mg, 1.4 mmol) and EA (246.4 mg, 2.8 mmol)
in THF (15
mL) was added 1N LiHMDS (4.2 mL, 4.2 mmol) at -50 C and the mixture was
stirred at -50 C
for 0.5 h. After the reaction finished, the mixture was added to 2 N HC1 aq.
and washed with
MTBE twice, the aqueous layer was neutralized to about pH = 9 with 1 N NaOH
aq. and
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extracted with DCM (30 mL x 3). The combined organic layers were washed with
brine, dried
over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuum to give crude 5-3 (375.2 mg,
94%) as yellow
oil, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS
(Agilent LCMS 1200-
6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40
C;
Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this
condition for
1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1
min and
under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 68.36%, Rt = 1.62 min; MS Calcd.:
284.1; MS Found:
285.2 [M+H]+.
[00399] Synthesis of 5-4.
NQ.
ON
I
0
0
K2CO3, MeCN 11\1
=,
0 0 0 0
5-3 5-4
[00400] To a solution of 5-3 (373.2 mg, 1.31 mmol) and K2CO3 (180.8 mg, 1.31
mmol) in
MeCN (15 mL) was added 1-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (193.8 mg, 1.31
mmol) at
room temperature and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.
Water was then
added to the mixture and the mixture extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3). The
combined organic
layers were washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated
in vacuum to give
crude 5-4 (450.2 mg, 70%) as yellow oil, which was used in the next step
without further
purification. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18
(50mm*4.6mm*3.51.tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile
Phase:
from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3]
and
100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally
changed to 95% [water
+ 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7
min.). Purity:
54.61%, Rt = 1.94 min; MS Calcd.: 431.2; MS Found: 432.3 [M+H]t
[00401] Synthesis of 5-5.
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NQ 0 0
conc. HCI ,
0 N
100 C, 2 h
0 0 N
5-4 5-5
[00402] A mixture of 5-4 (450.0 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added to conc. HC1 aq. (10
ml) and
stirred at 100 C for 2 h. It was cooled down to room temperature and
concentrated in vacuum.
Water was added to the residue and extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3). The
combined organic
layers were washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in
vacuum and the
residue was purified by column chromatography to give 5-5 (180.9 mg, 48%) as
yellow oil.
LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (50mm*4.6mm*3.5[tm);
Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95%
[water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 1.6
min,
then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM
NH4HCO3] and
5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7 min.). Purity: 65.97%,
Rt = 1.82 min;
MS Calcd.: 359.2; MS Found: 360.3 [M+H]t
[00403] Synthesis of 1-8: (+/-) 3-methy1-2-02S,6R)-6-(3-(pyridin-3-
ylmethyl)pyridin-2-
yl)piperidin-2-yl)pyridine.
0 0
NH4Br, AcOH
I NaBH3CN K NH
N
KOH, Me0H
70 C, o/n N
I
N
5-5 1-8
[00404] To a solution of 5-5 (100.0 mg, 0.28 mmol), NH4Br (219.5 mg, 2.28
mmol), AcOH
(18.6 mg, 0.31 mmol) and KOH (3.9 mg, 0.07 mmol) in Me0H (10 ml) was added
NaBH3CN
(26.5 mg, 0.42 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight
and then at 70 C
overnight. It was cooled down to room temperature, diluted with water, and
concentrated in
vacuum. The residue was extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3), washed with brine,
dried over
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Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by prep-TLC to give 1-8 (15.5 mg,
16%) as light-
yellow oil. LCMS (Agilent LCMS 1200-6120, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18
(50mm*4.6mm*3.5[tm); Column Temperature: 40 C; Flow Rate: 2.0 mL/min; Mobile
Phase:
from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3]
and
100% [CH3CN] in 1.6 min, then under this condition for 1.4 min, finally
changed to 95% [water
+ 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min and under this condition for 0.7
min.). Purity:
95.55%, Rt = 1.65 min; MS Calcd.: 344.2; MS Found: 345.3 [M+H] HPLC (Agilent
HPLC
1200, Column: Waters X-Bridge C18 (150mm*4.6 mm*3.5 [tm); Column Temperature:
40 C;
Flow Rate: 1.0 mL/min; Mobile Phase: from 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5%
[CH3CN]
to 0% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 100% [CH3CN] in 10 min, then under this
condition for 5
min, finally changed to 95% [water + 10 mM NH4HCO3] and 5% [CH3CN] in 0.1 min
and under
this condition for 5 min.). Purity: 93.79%, Rt = 7.61 min; MS Calcd.: 344.2;
MS Found: 345.4
[M+H]. 1-E1 NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) 6: 8.48-8.46 (m, 2H), 8.42 (d, J = 3.6 Hz,
1H), 8.37 (d, J
= 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (t, 2H), 7.27 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.04
(dd, J= 7.6, 4.8
Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J= 7.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.15-3.99 (m, 4H), 2.28 (m, 3H), 2.00-
1.97 (m, 1H),
1.75-1.64 (m, 3H), 1.63-1.46 (m, 2H), 1.18 (s, 1H).
Example 6: REGA Screening Assay
Intracellular CXCL-12-induced calcium mobilization assay
[00405] Intracellular calcium mobilization induced by chemokines or chemokine-
derived
peptides were evaluated using a calcium responsive fluorescent probe and a
FLIPR system. The
CXCR-4 transfected U87 cell line (U87.CXCR4) cells were seeded in gelatine-
coated black-wall
96-well plates at 20,000 cells per well and incubated for 12 hours. Cells were
then loaded with
the fluorescent calcium probe Fluo-2 acetoxymethyl at 4 M final concentration
in assay buffer
(Hanks' balanced salt solution with 20 mM HEPES buffer and 0.2% bovine serum
albumin, pH
7.4) for 45 min at 37 C. The intracellular calcium mobilization induced by
the CXCL-12 (25-50
ng/mL) was then measured at 37 C by monitoring the fluorescence as a function
of time in all
the wells simultaneously using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR
Tetra, Molecular
Devices). The test compounds were added 15 minutes before the addition of CXCL-
12 and
monitored to see if compounds induced signals by themselves (agonistic
properties).
Chemokine (CXCL12-AF647) binding inhibition assay
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[00406] Jurkat cells expressing CXCR4 were washed once with assay buffer
(Hanks'
balanced salt solution with 20 mM HEPES buffer and 0.2% bovine serum albumin,
pH 7.4) and
then incubated for 15 min at room temperature with the test compounds diluted
in assay buffer at
dose-dependent concentrations. Subsequently, CXCL12-AF647 (25 ng/mL) was added
to the
compound-incubated cells. The cells were incubated for 30 min at room
temperature. Thereafter,
the cells were washed twice in assay buffer, fixed in 1% paraformaldehyde in
PBS, and analyzed
on the FL4 channel of a FACSCalibur flow cytometer equipped with a 635-nm red
diode laser
(Becton Dickinson, San Jose, CA, USA).
[00407] The percentages of inhibition of CXCL12-AF647 binding were calculated
according
to the formula: [1 ¨ ((MFI ¨ MFINc) / (MFIpc ¨ MFINc))] x 100 where MFI is the
mean
fluorescence intensity of the cells incubated with CXCL12-AF647 in the
presence of the
inhibitor, MFINc is the mean fluorescence intensity measured in the negative
control (i.e.,
autofluorescence of unlabeled cells), and MFIpc is the mean fluorescence
intensity of the positive
control (i.e., cells exposed to CXCL12-AF647 alone).
Results of Assays
[00408] Table 2 shows the activity of selected compounds of this invention in
the assays
described above. The compound numbers correspond to the compound numbers in
Table 1.
Compounds having an activity designated as "A" provided an IC50 of 0.01 to 100
nM;
compounds having an activity designated as "B" provided an IC50 of >100 nm to
<1 [tM; and
compounds having an activity designated as "C" provided an IC50 of 1 M or
greater.
Table 2: Inhibition of Ca2+ Signalling and Inhibition of CXCL12 Binding
IC50 CXCL-12
Ca2+ flux 1050 CXCL-
Compound
U87.CXCR4+ 12 binding
(nM) Jurkat (nM)
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9 A A
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[00409] While we have described a number of embodiments of this invention, it
is apparent
that our basic examples may be altered to provide other embodiments that
utilize the compounds
and methods of this invention. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the
scope of this invention is
to be defined by the appended claims rather than by the specific embodiments
that have been
represented by way of example.
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