Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
WO 2021/111038
PCT/F12020/050813
A SPREADER FOR LIFTING A LOAD
BACKGROUND
The invention relates to lifting devices for cargo handling. More
specifically, the
invention relates to spreaders suitable for grabbing and lifting bulk cargo.
Bulk cargo may not be protected by a shipping container, therefore it is
vulnerable to handling damages and errors made during cargo handling. One
example of such bulk cargo is plank wood. At the sawmill the sawed plank wood
is arranged into precise piles and the piles are bound by tie-down straps. As
the
pile of plank wood is processed and transported, a single plank wood may
slightly move around in the pile ¨ at least few millimetres. After several
steps of
handling the pile of plank wood may have lost its original form significantly.
Handling of cargo at a port yard must be quick and precise. Any additional
delays and disturbances result in extra costs by having ships idle in the
berth,
and even more so if the loading/unloading is for some reason delayed, thus
making the ship late in her route schedule. As the pile of wood bound with tie-
down straps gradually loses its form, it becomes more difficult to handle. In
one
scenario the tie-down straps snap loose due to the forces from the deforming
pile. Yet the deformed piles must be lifted, as fast as possible, into the
ship's
cargo hold ¨ or out of the cargo hold at the destination.
The cargo hold shape may not be optimal for receiving several piles of plank
wood. The piles of plank wood may be arranged on top of each other at odd
angles. This causes even more problems to the form of the piles. Lifting the
piles becomes increasingly difficult as the space between the piles is not
even.
The risk of snapping the tie-down strap increases and causes hazard for the
personnel handling the cargo.
Often bulk cargo such as plank wood has been processed manually, as the
shapes and sizes of the piles of plank wood may have deformed during
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 2
PCT/F12020/050813
processing. Manual handling or manual operation of lifting devices has
minimized the damages to the plank wood. The handling of bulk goods, such as
plank wood has traditionally required a lot of human labour. The human labour
is still prone to errors and unnecessary delays.
SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified
form that are further described below in the detailed description. This
summary
is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed
subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the
claimed
subject matter. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to
implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this
disclosure.
A spreader for lifting a load is disclosed. The load may be operated and
transported at a port yard area, wherein the load is bulk goods such as plank
wood. The load is not carried in a shipping container or an intermodal
container,
being vulnerable to damages during the transport. The load size may be similar
to that of a container.
The spreader may support the load simultaneously from three sides; from two
opposite sides and below. The sides are supported by a first vertical portion
and
a second vertical portion that are opposite to each other, positioned on the
long
sides of the load. The vertical portions are flat enabling to fit them, as one
example, between stacked piles of plank wood. Sometimes the stacked piles
may have only small gaps between them, as the piles are bound by tie-down
straps that allow some movements to the plank wood. The piles may not always
retain their original form in the stack.
Additionally, a supporting element extends from the lower portion of the
vertical
portion to support the load from below. The supporting element is in one
example a link chain that folds only to one direction. The vertical portion
accommodates the vertical portion of the link chain when the link chain is
fully
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 3
PCT/F12020/050813
retracted. The link chain extends horizontally from the vertical portion,
wherein
the folding portion of the link chain is in the vertical portion. When the
link chain
is fully expanded, a portion of the link chain remains in the vertical portion
that
provides support for the vertical position of the link chain.
The present embodiments are suitable for use in the handling of bulk cargo,
such as plank wood, e.g. when picking up a pile of plank wood and/or when
stacking piles. The horizontal supporting element such as the link chain
structure is flat, which enables it to enter into tight passages between
stacked
piles of plank wood. The friction may be reduced by having rollers extending
above the link chain, thereby mitigating the risk for any damage that could
occur
by inserting the supporting element into tight passages.
The spreader assembly maintains the bulk cargo in shape during lifting. The
handling of bulk cargo such as plank wood may be automatized as the spreader
handles the plank wood gently and the stacks remain in proper shape. The
overall loading/unloading times of a berthing ship may be reduced. The
automatized process improves also the safety of harbour personnel, as the
immediate presence of a human operator is not required.
Many of the attendant features will be more readily appreciated as they become
better understood by reference to the following detailed description
considered
in connection with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described
below are not limited to implementations which solve any or all the
disadvantages of cargo lifting devices.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present description will be better understood from the following detailed
description read in light of the accompanying drawings, wherein
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment of a spreader;
FIG. 2a illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment of a first
supporting element in a fully retracted position;
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 4
PCT/F12020/050813
FIG. 2b illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment of the first
supporting element in a partially extended position;
FIG. 3 illustrates schematically a partial axonometric projection of one
exemplary embodiment of the first vertical portion;
FIG. 4 illustrates schematically a front view of one exemplary embodiment of
the first vertical portion;
FIG. 5a illustrates schematically a partial side view illustrating a first
step of one
exemplary embodiment of the link chain as it travels through the lower portion
of
the first vertical portion;
FIG. 5b illustrates schematically a partial side view illustrating a second
step of
one exemplary embodiment of the link chain as it travels through the lower
portion of the first vertical portion;
FIG. 6a illustrates schematically a first axonometric projection of one
exemplary
embodiment on a locking assembly for the link chain;
FIG. 6b illustrates schematically a second axonometric projection of one
exemplary embodiment on the locking assembly for the link chain;
FIG. 7 illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment of the vertical link
chain guide;
FIG. 8 is a partial view illustrating schematically one example of deformed
stacked piles of plank wood; and
FIG. 9 illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment for lifting
simultaneously multiple piles of plank wood.
Like reference numerals are used to designate like parts in the accompanying
drawings.
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 5
PCT/F12020/050813
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The detailed description provided below in connection with the appended
drawings is intended as a description of the present examples and is not
intended to represent the only forms in which the present example may be
constructed or utilized. However, the same or equivalent functions and
sequences may be accomplished by different examples.
Although the present examples are described and illustrated herein as being
implemented as a ship-to-shore crane attachment, they are provided as an
example and not a limitation. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the
present examples are suitable for application in a variety of different types
of
cargo lifting devices.
A spreader according to the present example is a device used for lifting a
load,
more particularly unitized cargo. The unitized cargo may be bulk cargo, such
as
a plank wood bound by tie-down straps. FIG. 8 illustrates schematically one
example of stacked piles 81, 82, 83, 84 of plank wood. The illustration is
drawn
from a real example photographed at a port yard area. In this example the pile
83 is covered with tarpaulin. Sometimes the pile of plank wood loses its form
as
the tie-down straps allows some free play to the pile. The deformation
progresses each time when the pile of wood is lifted or handled. When the
piles
are stacked, the gaps between the piles 81, 82, 83, 84 may be less than
perfect. In the solutions according to prior art the piles have been lifted
from
below by a front loader or a fork truck or from above using the tie-down
straps.
The forks may damage the plank wood when entering into the stack. Plank
wood is one example of vulnerable bulk cargo, where careless handling of the
cargo may reduce its value.
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment of the spreader
according to the invention. A top portion 10 comprises means 14 for connecting
to a crane. The crane may be a ship-to-shore crane, a straddle carrier, a
stacking crane or any other crane suitable for lifting maritime cargo. The top
portion 10 is positioned over the load during lifting. A first vertical
portion 11 is
connected to the top portion 10, configured to support the load from a first
side.
A second vertical portion 12 is configured to support the load from a second
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 6
PCT/F12020/050813
side. The second vertical portion is connected to the top portion 10 parallel
to
the first vertical portion 11. The arrangement is configured to receive the
load
between the parallel first vertical portion 11 and the second vertical portion
12.
The load may comprise a long side and a short side, wherein the first vertical
portion 11 and the second vertical portion 12 support the load from its
opposite
long sides. In one embodiment the spreader is configured to lift
simultaneously
two piles of plank wood or multiple piles or plank wood from the stack.
A first supporting element is configured to retract into the first vertical
portion 11
and extend horizontally from a lower portion 16 of the first vertical portion
11 to
support the load from below. In one exemplary embodiment the first supporting
element 20 extends and retracts telescopically. In one exemplary embodiment
the first supporting element 11 comprises a solid and swivelling structure
configured to rotate along a vertical axis defined inside the first vertical
portion
11; between a first position under the first vertical portion 11 and parallel
to the
first vertical portion 11; and a second position 12 transversely to the first
vertical
portion 11 under the load.
In one embodiment the first vertical portion 11 is movable in relation to the
top
portion 10. The top portion 10 comprises a first top actuator 13 for moving
the
first vertical portion 11 horizontally to change the distance between the
first
vertical portion 11 and the second vertical portion 12. The first vertical
portion
11 may be moved laterally in order to fit into the gap between the stacks. In
one
embodiment the angle of the first vertical portion 11 in relation to the top
portion
10 is adjustable. The adjustment may be fixed or controllable during the
lifting
process. The first top actuator 13 is in one embodiment a hydraulic cylinder.
The first top actuator 13 is in one embodiment an electric motor.
In one embodiment the first top actuator 13 is configured to move
simultaneously both the first vertical portion 11 and the second vertical
portion
12. In one embodiment the first top actuator 13 is configured to move
alternatively either the first vertical portion 11 or the second vertical
portion 12.
In one embodiment the second vertical portion 12 is movable in relation to the
top portion 10. The top portion 10 comprises a second top actuator 15 for
moving the second vertical portion 12 horizontally to change the distance
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 7
PCT/F12020/050813
between the first vertical portion 11 and the second vertical portion 12. The
second vertical portion 12 may be moved laterally in order to fit into the gap
between the stacks. In one embodiment the angle of the second vertical portion
12 in relation to the top portion 10 is adjustable. The adjustment may be
fixed or
controllable during the lifting process. The second top actuator 15 is in one
embodiment a hydraulic cylinder. The second top actuator 15 is in one
embodiment an electric motor.
FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b illustrate schematically one exemplary embodiment of the
first supporting element. The first supporting element comprises a link chain
20
having multiple links hingedly interconnected by pivot shafts. In FIG. 2a the
link
chain 20 is in a fully retracted position. In FIG. 2b the link chain 20 is in
a
partially extended position. The link chain 20 is in one embodiment configured
to travel inside first vertical portion 11 along the vertical link chain guide
22. The
link chain 20 is configured to fold only to one direction. The extended link
chain
20 is supported by the first vertical portion 11, wherein the extended link
chain
is in vertical position when supporting the load. In this example the link
chain
20 folds only in the lower portion 16 of the first vertical portion 11. The
lower
portion 16 comprises an opening in the first vertical portion 11 and an
arcuate
link chain guide arranged below the link chain guide 22, configured to steer
the
20 link chain 20 between a vertical position and a horizontal position.
FIG. 3 illustrates an axonometric projection of the first vertical portion 11.
FIG. 4
illustrates a front view of the first vertical portion 11. The first vertical
portion 11
houses means for locking the link chain 20 in place and means for moving the
link chain 20 along the link chain guide 22. A locking actuator 31 is
configured
to lock the link chain 20. The locking actuator 31 may be a hydraulic cylinder
or
an electric motor that operate a locking pin 60. The locking pin 60 operation
is
illustrated further in FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b. The means for moving the link
chain
20 along the link chain guide 22 comprise a hydraulic cylinder 32 or an
electric
motor. The hydraulic cylinder 32 operates a piston that is connected to the
link
chain 20 to reciprocate the link chain 20 along the link chain guide 22. The
hydraulic cylinders allow precise control to the link chain 20 movement. In
one
embodiment the electric motor is configured to rotate and move the link chain
20 via a gear.
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 8
PCT/F12020/050813
In one embodiment the link chain 20 forms a roll inside the first vertical
portion
11. In one embodiment the link chain 20 forms a two-fold inside the first
vertical
portion 11. In one embodiment the link chain 20 folds between a horizontal
position transversely to the first vertical portion 11 and a horizontal
position
along the first vertical portion 11.
FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b are partial side views illustrating steps of the link
chain 20
as it travels through the lower portion 16 of the first vertical portion 11.
The link
chain 20 comprises two laterally spaced outer side pieces 53, held together by
a first pivot shaft 51 extending between the outer side pieces 53 at a first
end
and a second pivot shaft 52 extending between the outer side pieces 53 at a
second end. An inner piece 55 is connected between consecutive outer side
pieces 53 by the first pivot shaft 51 and the second pivot shaft 52. The link
chain 20 folds along the pivot shafts 51, 52 only to one direction. In the
present
example the link chain 20 folds only upwards. The folding movement
downwards is limited by blocks 50 that are positioned below the horizontal
level
defined by the pivot shafts 51, 52 or, more particularly, the level defined by
the
rotational axes of the pivot shafts 51, 52. The block 50 is connected to one
link,
wherein one link is defined by one set of outer side pieces 53 and the inner
piece 55. In one embodiment the block 50 is connected to at least one outer
side piece 53 of one link. In one embodiment the block 50 is connected to both
one outer side pieces 53 of one link. In one embodiment the block 50 is
connected to the inner side piece 55 of one link. In one embodiment the block
50 is connected below the outer side piece 53. Consecutive blocks 50 abut
against each other when the link chain 20 is in straight position, preventing
the
link chain 20 from folding downwards. In the present example length of the
single block 50 matches the length of one link. Consecutive blocks 50 move
apart when folding the link chain 20 upwards. Directions such as up or down
are
used herein for illustrative purposes, as it is obvious that the directions
apply to
any of the link chain's 20 orientation.
In one embodiment the block 50 is arranged to be a portion of the outer side
pieces 53. In one embodiment consecutive outer side pieces 53 abut each
other. Above the level defined by the rotational axes of the pivot shafts 51,
52
the consecutive outer side pieces 53 have rounded abutting edges, allowing the
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 9
PCT/F12020/050813
link chain to fold upwards. Below the level defined by the rotational axes of
the
pivot shafts 51, 52 the consecutive outer side pieces 53 have straight
abutting
edges, preventing the link chain 20 to fold downwards. In one embodiment the
straight abutting edge of the outer side piece 53 is one example of the block
50.
In one embodiment the link chain 20 comprises a roller 55 around the first
pivot
shaft 51 and/or the second pivot shaft 52, said roller 55 having a diameter
extending above the outer side pieces 53 and the inner piece 55 when the link
is in horizontal position. The link chain 20 may have the rollers 50 on all
pivot
shafts 51, 52 and on all links. In one embodiment the link chain 50 comprise
rollers 50 only at some of the shafts 51, 52. The rollers 50 extend visibly in
the
side view above the link chain 20, when the link chain is in horizontal
position.
The rollers 50 may roll freely along the shafts 51, 52. The rollers 50 reduce
the
friction of the link chain 20 when it enters the horizontal gap between the
stacked piles of plank wood. The rollers 50 mitigate or prevent the damage
that
may incur by inserting the link chain 20 into narrow passages. In one example
the rollers 50 extend visibly in the side view below the block 50, allowing
the link
chain 50 to travel along the rollers 50 on both its upper surface and lower
surface when entering the narrow passages.
FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b are axonometric projections illustrating schematically a
locking assembly of the link chain 20 as it travels through the lower portion
16 of
the first vertical portion 11. The link chain 20 comprises locking slots 56
that are
in the present example arranged in the block 50. In one embodiment the locking
slots 56 are available only when the link chain is in straight position. In
one
embodiment the locking slots 56 are arranged as multiple teeth in the block
50.
In one embodiment the locking slots 56 are arranged to the outer side piece
53.
In one embodiment the first vertical portion 11 comprises a movable locking
pin
60. The locking pin 60 enters selectively the locking slot 56, securing the
link
chain 20. FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b are illustrated without the link chain 20. The
lower
portion 16 of the first vertical portion 11 comprises a guide hole 61
configured to
provide lateral position to the locking pin 60. The locking actuator 31 is
configured to move the locking pin 61 between an open position and a locked
position. In FIG. 6b the block 50 has just reached horizontal level, wherein
the
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 10
PCT/F12020/050813
locking pin 60 may secure the link chain 20. In one embodiment the vertical
hydraulic cylinder 32 operates a locking structure configured to secure the
link
chain 20.
FIG. 7 illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment of the vertical link
chain guide 22. The vertical link chain guide 22 may comprise a groove for
allowing any accessories attached to the vertical hydraulic cylinder 32 to
travel
inside the vertical link chain guide 22.
The second vertical portion 12 may comprise similar structure as the first
vertical portion 11, having the first support element and/or the link chain
20. The
first vertical portion 11 and/or the second vertical 12 may comprise multiple
first
supporting elements, providing additional support for the load from below. In
one embodiment each first support element is controllable individually;
sometimes the bottom of the load is uneven and all first supporting element
may
not be fully extended. The control system of the spreader is on one embodiment
configured to detect the force required to extend the first supporting
element.
The control system of the spreader may proceed to lifting only when at least
predefined portion of the first supporting element has entered vertically
below
the load.
FIG. 9 illustrates schematically one exemplary embodiment for lifting
simultaneously two piles of plank wood or multiple piles or plank wood from
the
stack. Between the first vertical portion 11 and the second vertical portion
12 is
a third vertical portion 90 connected to the top portion 10. The third
vertical
portion is parallel to the first vertical portion 11 and the second vertical
portion
12. In one embodiment the third vertical portion 90 is fixed to the top
portion 10.
In one embodiment the third vertical portion 90 is movable in relation to the
top
portion 10. When lifting the load having multiple parallel piles, the third
vertical
portion 90 is lowered between the piles. A first pile is supported from its
first
side by the first vertical portion 11 and from its second side by the third
vertical
portion 90. A second pile is supported from its first side by the third
vertical
portion 90 and from its second side by second vertical portion 11. The
arrangement helps to maintain the shape of the first pile and the second pile
during lifting.
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 11
PCT/F12020/050813
A spreader for lifting a load is disclosed, comprising a top portion
configured to
be connected to a crane and to be positioned over the load; a first vertical
portion connected to the top portion, configured to support the load from a
first
side; and a second vertical portion, configured to support the load from a
second side, connected to the top portion parallel to the first vertical
portion.
The spreader comprises a first supporting element configured to retract into
the
first vertical portion and extend horizontally from a lower portion of the
first
vertical portion to support the load from below. In one embodiment, the first
supporting element comprises a link chain having multiple links hingedly
interconnected by pivot shafts; the links comprising blocks below the
horizontal
level defined by the pivot shafts, wherein consecutive blocks abut against
each
other when the link chain is in straight position, preventing the link chain
from
folding downwards; and consecutive blocks move apart when folding the link
chain upwards. In one embodiment, a link in the link chain comprises two
laterally spaced outer side pieces; at least one inner piece; a first pivot
shaft
extending between the outer side pieces at a first end; a second pivot shaft
extending between the outer side pieces at a second end; a first end of the
inner piece is connected to the outer side pieces by the second pivot shaft; a
second end of the inner piece is connectable to the first pivot shaft of the
next
link; and the block is connected below the outer side piece, matching the
length
of one link. In one embodiment, the link in the link chain comprises a roller
around the first pivot shaft and/or the second pivot shaft, said roller having
a
diameter extending above the outer side pieces and the inner piece when the
link is in horizontal position. In one embodiment, the link in the link chain
comprises a locking slot in the straight position; the first vertical portion
comprises a movable locking pin configured to enter the locking slot for
locking
the movement of the first supporting element. In one embodiment, the first
vertical portion comprises a locking actuator configured to move the locking
pin
between an open position and a locked position. In one embodiment, the first
vertical portion comprises a vertical link chain guide, wherein the link chain
is
configured to travel along the vertical link chain guide; and the bottom
portion of
the vertical link chain guide comprises an arcuate link chain guide configured
to
fold the link chain between the vertical position and the horizontal position
as
the link chain travels along the link chain guide. In one embodiment, the
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 12
PCT/F12020/050813
spreader comprises a hydraulic cylinder configured to move the link chain
along
the vertical link chain guide. In one embodiment, the second vertical portion
comprises a second supporting element according to the first support element
in the first vertical portion as defined in the preceding claims. In one
embodiment, the top portion comprises a first top actuator for moving the
first
vertical portion horizontally to change the distance between the first
vertical
portion and the second vertical portion. In one embodiment, the top portion
comprises a first top actuator for moving the first vertical portion and the
second
vertical portion horizontally to change the distance between the first
vertical
portion and the second vertical portion. In one embodiment, the top portion
comprises a second top actuator for moving the second vertical portion
horizontally to change the distance between the first vertical portion and the
second vertical portion. In one embodiment, the first vertical portion
comprises
multiple first supporting elements. In one embodiment, the second vertical
portion comprises multiple second supporting elements. In one embodiment,
the spreader comprises a third vertical portion connected to the top portion,
parallel to the first vertical portion and the second vertical portion. In one
embodiment, the load is plank wood bound by tie-down straps.
Alternatively, or in addition, the spreader control function can be performed,
at
least in part, by one or more hardware components or hardware logic
components. The controls may be implemented on the crane. An example of
the control system described hereinbefore is a computer-based device
comprising one or more processors which may be microprocessors, controllers
or any other suitable type of processors for processing computer-executable
instructions to control the operation of the device in order to control one or
more
sensors, receive sensor data and utilize the sensor data. The control system
may be positioned on the host system and connected to the apparatus. The
computer-executable instructions may be provided using any computer-
readable media that is accessible by a computer-based device. Computer-
readable media may include, for example, computer storage media, such as
memory and communications media. Computer storage media, such as
memory, includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable
media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information,
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 13
PCT/F12020/050813
such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or
other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM,
EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM,
digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes,
magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any
other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information for access
by a computing device. In contrast, communication media may embody
computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other
data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave, or other transport
mechanism. As defined herein, computer storage media does not include
communication media. Therefore, a computer storage medium should not be
interpreted to be a propagating signal per se. Propagated signals may be
present in a computer storage media, but propagated signals per se are not
examples of computer storage media. Although the computer storage media is
shown within the computing-based device, it will be appreciated that the
storage
may be distributed or located remotely and accessed via a network or other
communication link, for example, by using a communication interface.
The apparatus or the device may comprise an input/output controller arranged
to output display information to a display device which may be separate from
or
integral to the apparatus or device. The input/output controller is also
arranged
to receive and process input from one or more devices, such as a user input
device (e.g. a mouse, keyboard, camera, microphone or other sensor). The
spreader may comprise the controller or receive the commands from the
controller arranged at the crane.
Any range or device value given herein may be extended or altered without
losing the effect sought.
Although at least a portion of the subject matter has been described in
language
specific to structural features and/or acts, it is to be understood that the
subject
matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the
specific
features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts
described above are disclosed as examples of implementing the claims and
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
WO 2021/111038 14
PCT/F12020/050813
other equivalent features and acts are intended to be within the scope of the
claims.
It will be understood that the benefits and advantages described above may
relate to one embodiment or may relate to several embodiments. The
embodiments are not limited to those that solve any or all of the stated
problems or those that have any or all of the stated benefits and advantages.
It
will further be understood that reference to 'an' item refers to one or more
of
those items.
The term 'comprising' is used herein to mean including the elements
identified,
but that such elements do not comprise an exclusive list and an apparatus may
contain additional elements.
It will be understood that the above description is given by way of example
only
and that various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art. The
above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the
structure and use of exemplary embodiments. Although various embodiments
have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with
reference to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in the art
could
make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing
from the spirit or scope of this specification.
CA 03160223 2022- 5- 31
