Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Delivery systems and methods of making the same
Technical Field
The present invention relates to delivery systems, including combustible
aerosol
provision systems and non-combustible aerosol provision systems, as well as
methods
of manufacturing the same.
Background
It is known to use cooling agents in delivery systems in order to provide
desired cooling
io and/or taste sensations when the delivery system is used.
Summary
In accordance with some embodiments described herein, there is provided a
delivery
system comprising an aerosol-generating material and a cooling agent WS-3,
wherein
the cooling agent WS-3 is included in an amount to provide delivery of, on
average, at
least about 1.5 lug of WS-3 in a 35 mL puff.
In some embodiments, the WS-3 is included in an amount to provide delivery of,
on
average, no more than about loo lug of VVS-3 in a 35 mL puff.
.2o
In some embodiments, the delivery system does not comprise an additive that
provides
any clearly noticeable smell or taste in addition to that of the aerosol-
generating
material.
In some embodiments, the delivery system does not comprise a further cooling
agent in
addition to the cooling agent WS-3.
In some embodiments, the delivery system is a combustible aerosol provision
system
comprising a rod of aerosol-generating material and WS-3 is included in an
amount to
so provide delivery of, on average, at least 1.5 jig of WS-3 in a puff
under the ISO smoking
regime.
In some embodiments, the combustible aerosol provision system comprises WS-3
in an
amount to provide delivery of, on average, at least about 25 jig WS-3 in a
puff of aerosol
generated under the ISO smoking regime.
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In some embodiments, the combustible aerosol provision system comprises WS-3
in an
amount to provide delivery of no greater than loo jig WS-3 in a puff of
aerosol
generated under the ISO smoking regime.
In some embodiments, the delivery system is a non-combustible aerosol
provision
system and WS-3 is included in an amount to provide delivery of, on average,
at least
1.5 jig of WS-3 in a puff under the HCI smoking regime.
In some embodiments, the non-combustible aerosol provision system comprises WS-
3
io in an amount to provide delivery of, on average, at least about 2 jig WS-
3 in a puff of
aerosol generated under the HCI smoking regime.
In some embodiments, the non-combustible aerosol provision system comprises WS-
3
in an amount to provide delivery of no greater than 100 jig WS-3 in a puff of
aerosol
generated under the HCI smoking regime.
In some embodiments, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery
system is at least 0.1 mg or at least 0.3 mg per delivery system.
In some embodiments, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery
system is at least 1 mg per delivery system.
In some embodiments, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery
system is no greater than io mg or no greater than 5 mg or no greater than 2.5
mg per
delivery system.
In some embodiments, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery
system is at least 60 jig per 1 mg of tar delivered by the delivery system.
In some embodiments, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery
system is no greater than 10 mg or no greater than 5 mg per 1 mg of tar
delivered by the
delivery system.
In some embodiments, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery
system is at least o.8 mg per 1 g of aerosol-generating material.
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In some embodiments, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery
system is no greater than 15 mg or no greater than 11 mg per 1 g of aerosol-
generating
material.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is present in the aerosol-
generating
material.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is applied to the aerosol-
generating
material.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is applied to the aerosol-
generating
material by spraying a solution of the cooling agent WS-3 onto the aerosol-
generating
material, or by adding the cooling agent WS-3 to the aerosol-generating
material in
solid form, such as in the form of a powder.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is added to the wrapper
surrounding the
aerosol-generating material.
In some embodiments, the delivery system comprises a filter and wherein the
cooling
agent WS-3 is present in said filter.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is applied to the filter material.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is applied to the filter material
by
spraying a solution of the cooling agent WS-3 onto the filter material, or by
adding the
cooling agent WS-3 to the filter material in solid form, such as in the form
of a powder.
In some embodiments described herein, there is provided a method of making a
delivery system as described herein, comprising incorporating the cooling
agent WS-3
into the delivery system in an amount to provide a cooling sensation without
providing
any clearly noticeable smell or taste in addition to that of the aerosol-
generating
material.
In some embodiments, the method comprises applying the cooling agent WS-3 to
the
aerosol-generating material.
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In some embodiments, the method comprises applying the cooling agent WS-3 to
the
aerosol-generating material by spraying a solution of the cooling agent WS-3
onto the
aerosol-generating material, or applying the cooling agent WS-3 to the aerosol-
generating material in solid form, such as in the form of a powder.
In some embodiments, the method comprises applying the cooling agent WS-3 to
at
least a portion of the wrapper surrounding the aerosol-generating material.
In some embodiments, the method comprises incorporating the cooling agent WS-3
io into a filter of the delivery system.
In some embodiments, the method comprises applying the cooling agent WS-3 to
the
filter material.
In some embodiments, the method comprises applying the cooling agent WS-3 to
the
filter material by spraying a solution of the cooling agent WS-3 onto the
filter material,
or applying the cooling agent WS-3 to the filter material in solid form, such
as in the
form of a powder.
In some embodiments described herein, there is provided a use of the cooling
agent
WS-3 to provide a cooling sensation to the user of a delivery system without
imparting
a characteristic flavour, wherein an amount of, on average, at least about 1.5
ug of WS-3
is delivered in a 35 mL puff.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only,
with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a combustible aerosol provision system
according to
embodiments of the invention.
Figure 2 is an exploded view of a combustible aerosol provision system
according to an
embodiment of the invention wherein the WS-3 cooling agent is included as a
patch on
the wrapper circumscribing the aerosol-generating material.
Detailed Description
As used herein, the term "delivery system" is intended to encompass systems
that
deliver at least one substance to a user, and includes:
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"combustible aerosol provision systems", such as cigarettes, cigarillos,
cigars, and tobacco for pipes or for roll-your-own or for make-your-own
cigarettes
(whether based on tobacco, tobacco derivatives, expanded tobacco,
reconstituted
tobacco, tobacco substitutes or other smokeable material); and
non-combustible aerosol provision systems" that release compounds from an
aerosol-generating material without combusting the aerosol-generating
material, such
as electronic cigarettes, tobacco heating products, and hybrid systems to
generate
aerosol using a combination of aerosol-generating materials.
io The invention relates to delivery systems comprising aerosol-generating
material and a
cooling agent WS-3 in an amount sufficient to provide a cooling effect or a
cleansing
sensation. In particular, the invention relates to delivery systems that do
not provide
any clearly noticeable smell or taste in addition to that of the aerosol-
generating
material. Where the aerosol-generating material comprises tobacco, the WS-3
provides
a cooling or cleansing sensation without providing any clearly noticeably
smell or taste
other than one of tobacco.
The object of the development work that led to the present invention was to
develop
delivery systems that provide a cooling sensation without imparting any
characteristic
flavouring attributes.
Menthol is an example of an additive that imparts a characteristic flavour.
When
included in a delivery system, menthol produces three different sensations,
namely: the
menthol taste or flavour; freshness; and a cooling sensation which is as a
result of
menthol's ability to chemically trigger the cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors.
Menthol cigarettes were first developed in the 1920s. They are constructed
similarly to
non-mentholated cigarettes, but include up to 3.5% by weight menthol.
Combustible aerosol provision systems which burn aerosol-generating material,
such as
combustible cigarettes, progressively burn the substrate during a smoking
session.
That is, a lit cigarette gradually burns the substrate therein from the lit
end, towards the
mouth end. When such delivery systems incorporate menthol, the menthol may be
included in the aerosol-generating material, the filter, and/or the tipping
paper. The
menthol may be incorporated for a number of reasons, such as its cooling
sensory effect
and/or its mint taste. If the menthol is incorporated uniformly in the aerosol-
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generating material of a combustible cigarette, for instance, the user will
perceive a
relatively constant cooling sensory effect and/or mint taste throughout a
smoking
session, as portions of menthol disposed throughout the combustible cigarette
are
gradually volatilised.
Many synthetic derivatives of menthol have been used in personal hygiene
products.
Some of the most commercially successful compounds were generated by Wilkinson
Sword Ltd. in the 1970s, and they include WS-3. WS-3 is a cooling agent that
acts as a
TRPM8 receptor agonist, providing an intense and lingering cooling trigeminal
effect.
15
WS-3
Alternative names for WS-3 include: Cyclohexanecarboxamide; N-ethyl-2-
(isopropyl)-
5-methylcyclohexane carboxamide; ethyl methane carboxamide (INCI); N-ethyl-5-
methy1-2-(1-methylethyl) cyclohexanecarboxarnide; N-ethyl-2-(isopropyl)-5-
methylcyclohexane carboxamide; N-ethyl-p-methane-3-carboxamide. Its molecular
formula is '3¨H25 C NO _ _ =
It has previously been proposed to include WS-3 in delivery systems. However,
the
amount of WS-3 included in delivery systems has been generally too low for any
cooling
sensation to be detected by inhalation. This is because WS-3 is usually
combined with a
flavour, such as menthol, or with a second cooling agent and the effect sought
is as a
result of this combination of sensory agents.
It has now been surprisingly found that inclusion of the cooling agent WS-3 in
a
delivery system in the appropriate amount can provide a cooling or cleansing
sensation
with the absence of any minty or other characteristic flavour upon use of the
delivery
system.
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As indicated in the experimental work set out below, other cooling agents did
not
provide only the desired cooling or cleansing sensation but also added mint or
other
non-tobacco flavour, which rendered their inclusion undesirable in the present
invention.
In contrast to menthol and some other cooling agents that have previously been
used in
delivery systems, WS-3 is an agent that does not migrate within the delivery
system or
packaging during storage. Menthol, for example, is highly volatile and
migrates
following its incorporation into the delivery system unless it is contained or
io encapsulated in some way. The menthol in a pack of mentholated
cigarettes, for
example, is contained by an outer plastic packaging film. Within this
packaging film,
the menthol migrates and equilibrates. However, once this outer packaging film
is
removed (upon opening the pack for the first time), the menthol will begin to
be lost.
This migration and loss of the volatile menthol needs to be factored in when
deciding
how much menthol to include in each delivery system and where to apply it. It
also
means that the menthol delivery may vary depending on where the menthol is
located
when the delivery system is used.
In contrast, the stable WS-3 does not migrate and so the amount of WS-3
included in
the delivery system will correlate closely with the amount that is delivered
to the
consumer when the delivery system is used. This means that greater
significance is
attached to the amount of WS-3 incorporated into the delivery system, as well
as where
and how it is incorporated.
Amount of cooling agent
As discussed above, the invention provides a delivery system comprising an
aerosol-
generating material and a cooling agent WS-3, wherein the cooling agent WS-3
is
included in an amount to provide delivery of, on average, at least about 1.5
ug of WS-3
in a 35 mL puff.
For the avoidance of doubt, where reference is made herein to the average
amount of
WS-3 in a puff, this refers to the average amount in a puff that provides a
cooling or
cleansing sensation. As discussed herein, the invention includes embodiments
in which
WS-3 provides a cooling or cleansing sensation in only selected, predetermined
puffs.
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In some embodiments, the WS-3 is included in an amount to provide delivery of,
on
average, no more than about loci pg of WS-3 in a 35 mL puff.
In some embodiments, the suitable amount of WS-3 is included in the delivery
system
to provide a discernible cooling effect. The delivery system including the WS-
3 does
not provide any clearly noticeable smell or taste in addition to that of the
aerosol-
generating material.
In some embodiments, the effect of the cooling agent achieved using the
present
io invention is more subtle still and, rather than providing an overt
cooling effect, it
provides the user with a cleansing sensation or impression. In particular, the
cleansing
sensation may provide the user with a cool and/or clean aftertaste.
In some embodiments, the delivery system does not comprise any other additive
that
provides any clearly noticeable smell or taste in addition to that of the
aerosol-
generating material.
In some embodiments, the delivery system does not comprise any further cooling
agent
in addition to the cooling agent WS-3.
00
In embodiments where the delivery system is a combustible aerosol provision
system,
such as a cigarette, the WS-3 is included in an amount to provide delivery of,
on
average, at least 1.5 pg of WS-3 in a puff under the ISO smoking regime. The
ISO
smoking regime is based on a 35 mL puff volume, 2 second puff duration, 60
second
puff interval, and no vent blocking.
In some embodiments, a combustible aerosol provision system comprises
sufficient
WS-3 to provide delivery of, on average, at least about 1.7, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5,
4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80,
85, 90, or at
least 95 lig WS-3 in a puff of aerosol generated by the combustible aerosol
provision
system under the ISO smoking regime. In some embodiments, the maximum amount
of WS-3 delivered in a puff of aerosol generated by the combustible aerosol
provision
system under the ISO smoking regime is about loco pg. In some embodiments, a
combustible aerosol provision system includes sufficient WS-3 to provide
delivery of,
on average, no more than loo pg WS-3 in a puff, no more than about 95, 90, 85,
8o, 75,
70, 65, or no more than about 60 pg WS-3 in a puff under an ISO smoking
regime.
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In embodiments where the delivery system is a non-combustible aerosol
provision
system, the WS-3 is included in an amount to provide delivery of, on average,
at least
about 1.5 lag WS-3 in a puff of aerosol generated by the product under the HCI
smoking
regime. The HCI smoking regime is based on a 55 mL puff volume, 2 second puff
duration, and 30 second puff interval with vents blocked.
In some embodiments, the non-combustible aerosol provision system comprises
sufficient WS-3 to provide delivery of, on average, at least 2 jig WS-3 in a
puff of aerosol
io generated by the non-combustible aerosol provision system under the HCI
smoking
regime. In some embodiments, the maximum amount of WS-3 delivered in a puff of
aerosol generated by the non-combustible aerosol provision system under the
HCI
smoking regime is about wo
Inclusion of WS-3 in these amounts provides delivery of the WS-3 cooling agent
to the
consumer in an amount that provides a cooling or cleansing sensation with the
absence
of any minty or other characteristic flavour upon use of the delivery system.
In some embodiments, a combustible aerosol provision system includes
sufficient WS-3
to provide delivery of, on average, at least about 30 jig WS-3 in a puff, at
least about 35
jig, at least about 40 jig, at least about 45 jig, at least about 50 jig, at
least about 55 IT,
at least about 6o lug, at least about 65 g, at least about 70 jig, at least
about 75 pg, at
least about 8o jig WS-3 in a puff under the ISO smoking regime.
In some embodiments, a combustible aerosol provision system includes
sufficient WS-3
to provide delivery of, on average, no more than loo jig WS-3 in a puff, no
more than
95 g, 90 g, 85 jug, 8o g, 75 g, 70 jug, 65 jig, or no more than about 6o
jig WS-3 in a
puff under the ISO smoking regime.
The estimated rate of transfer of WS-3 from the combustible aerosol provision
system
to the aerosol generated upon combustion is between about 1 and about 2% per 1
mg of
tar or nicotine-free dry particulate material (NFDPM) under the ISO smoking
regime.
In an embodiment where the rate of WS-3 transfer from the combustible aerosol
provision system to the aerosol is approximately 1.2% per 1 mg of tar or
NFDPM, the
following calculations can be made. In order to deliver 36 pg WS-3 in each
puff
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provided by a 1 mg tar cigarette providing 7 puffs, 21 mg of WS-3 needs to be
evenly
distributed along the rod of aerosol-generating material. In order to deliver
approximately 50 ug WS-3 in 3 predetermined puffs provided by a 6.1 mg tar
cigarette
including WS-3, 2 mg of WS-3 needs to be included in a localised manner, for
example,
as a patch or band positioned at an appropriate position along the rod of
aerosol-
generating material.
In some embodiments, a combustible aerosol provision system is provided
comprising
from about 0.1 mg to about 5 mg WS-3, or from about 0.3 mg to about 2.5 mg WS-
3. In
io some embodiments, a combustible aerosol provision system is provided
comprising up
to about 10 mg of WS-3.
In some embodiments, a combustible aerosol provision system comprises WS-3
localised towards or at the filter end of the rod of aerosol-generating
material so as to
provide a cooling or cleansing sensation during the last few puffs when the
combustible
aerosol provision system is used. In some embodiments the localised WS-3
provides
delivery of, on average, at least 1.5 ug of WS-3 in a puff under the ISO
smoking regime.
The ISO smoking regime is based on a 35 mL puff volume, 2 second puff
duration, 60
second puff interval, and no vent blocking.
00
In a particular embodiment, a liquid formulation comprising WS-3 is printed
onto the
wrapper that circumscribes the rod of aerosol-generating material. Any
suitable
printing process may be used, such as a rotary-gravure printing process.
In some embodiments, the WS-3 is printed on the entire wrapper to provide a
cooling
or cleansing sensation throughout the use of the combustible aerosol provision
system.
In other embodiments, only one or more portions of the wrapper has WS-3
applied to it
with other portions of the wrapper being free of cooling agent, thereby
providing
localised WS-3 which provides a cooling or cleansing sensation when the
localised area
of the WS-3 on the wrapper is heated. In some embodiments, the cooling agent
may be
provided as one or more bands on the wrapper. Depending on where the band or
bands are located and their width, the cooling or cleansing sensation can be
experienced at different points during use of the aerosol provision system,
and for
different durations.
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In some embodiments, the WS-3 is provided in a band having a width of at least
about
0.1 mm, at least about 1 mm. at least about 5 mm, at least about 7 mm, at
least about 10
mm, at least about 15 mm, at least about 20 mm, or at least about 25 mm. In
some
embodiments, the WS-3 is provided in a band having a width of up to about 73
mm, up
to about 6o mm, up to about 50 mm, up to about 45 mm, up to about 40 mm, up to
about 35 mm, up to about 30 mm, or up to about 25 mm.
In some embodiments, the WS-3 is printed in the form of a patch or band
towards or at
the filter end of the rod of aerosol-generating material. This will release
the WS-3 and
io create or deliver the cooling or cleansing sensation towards the end of
the use of the
combustible aerosol provision system, for example, during the last 4, 3, 2, or
1 puffs. In
some particular embodiments, the printed area is positioned so that it forms a
band
having a width of21 mm at the filter end of the assembled combustible aerosol
provision system. Based on a combustible aerosol provision system with a rod
of
aerosol-generating material having a length of 58 mm and providing an average
of 8
puffs, the 21 mm printed band of WS-3 is expected to provide a cooling
sensation for
the last 3 puffs. In some embodiments, the printed band contains at least 0.5
mg of
WS-3. In some particular embodiments, the printed band, for example a band
having a
width of 21 mm, contains 1 mg, 1.5 mg, 2 mg, 2.5 mg or 3 mg WS-3 to provide a
cooling
sensation for the final few puffs. The printed area of the wrapper may exclude
the edge
of the wrapper where glue is applied to form a lap seam.
In some embodiments, the combustible aerosol provision system is a cigarette.
For
example, the cigarette may comprise a rod of tobacco material circumscribed by
a paper
wrapper, and a filter. In some embodiments, the WS-3 is included in the
cigarette
applied to the wrapper. In some embodiments, the WS-3 is applied as a band on
the
wrapper. Thus, a cigarette may, in some embodiments, comprise a band on the
wrapper comprising from about 0.1 mg to about 5 mg WS-3, or from about 0.3 mg
to
about 2.5 mg WS-3. The band may the applied, for example, by a rotary-gravure
printing process.
In some embodiments, a non-combustible aerosol provision system including a
charge
of aerosol-generating material that is heated to form an aerosol but is not
combusted,
includes sufficient WS-3 to provide delivery of, on average, at least about
1.5 tig WS-3 in
a puff, at least about 2 pg, at least about 2.5 lag, at least about 3 jug, at
least about 4 jag,
at least about 5 jig, at least about 6 g, at least about 7 jig, at least
about 8 jig, at least
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about 9 jig, at least about 10 jig, at least about 12 lug, at least about 15
jig, at least about
20 jig, at least about 25 jig, or at least about 30 jig WS-3 in a puff under
the HCI
smoking regime.
In some embodiments, a non-combustible aerosol provision system includes
sufficient
WS-3 to provide delivery of, on average, no more than about 100 jig WS-3 in a
puff, no
more than about 95 jig, no more than about 90 ng, no more than about 85 jig,
no more
than about 80 jig, no more than about 75 jig, no more than about 70 jig, no
more than
about 65 jig, no more than about 6o jig, no more than about 55 jig, or no more
than
io about 50 jig WS-3 in a puff under the HCI smoking regime.
The estimated rate of transfer of WS-3 from the non-combustible aerosol
provision
system to the aerosol generated upon heating the aerosol-generating material
is
between about 5 and about 35% under the IICI smoking regime.
In an embodiment where the rate of WS-3 transfer is approximately 5%, the
following
calculation can be made. In order to deliver 25 jig WS-3 in each of the 9
puffs provided
by a non-combustible aerosol provision system, 4.5 mg of WS-3 needs to be
evenly
distributed within the aerosol-generating material. In an embodiment where the
rate
of WS-3 transfer is approximately 35%, the following calculation can be made.
In order
to deliver approximately 36 jig WS-3 per puff in each of the 9 puffs provided
by a non-
combustible aerosol provision system, 0.925 mg of WS-3 needs to be evenly
distributed
within the aerosol-generating material.
The amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the delivery system may be
expressed as
a total weight of WS-3 per delivery system. In some embodiments, a delivery
system
includes at least about 1 mg of cooling agent WS-3. In some embodiments, a
delivery
system includes no more than about 10 mg or no more than about 5 mg of cooling
agent
WS-3. In some of these embodiments, the delivery system is a King Size
cigarette,
having a length of approximately 83 mm. In some embodiments, the delivery
system
includes at least about 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2,
2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5,
2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3-9, 4, 4-1, 4-
2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 4-6,
4.7, 4.8 or at least about 4.9 mg of WS-3 per delivery system. In some
embodiments,
the delivery system includes no more than about 5, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5,
4.4, 4-3, 4.2,
4.1, 4, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6,
2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2,
1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, or no more than about 1.1 mg of WS-3
per delivery
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system. In some embodiments, the delivery system includes about 1 mg, about
2mg or
about 3 mg of WS-3.
Alternatively or in addition, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the
delivery
system may be expressed as a total weight of the WS-3 per mg of tar delivered
by the
delivery systems upon use. In some embodiments a delivery system includes at
least 60
jig of WS-3 per img of tar delivered by the delivery system upon use. In some
embodiments a delivery system includes no more than about 5 mg of WS-3 per 1
mg of
tar delivered by the delivery system upon use. In these embodiments, the tar
delivery of
io the delivery system is that which is measured using the ISO machine
smoking regime,
which involves a 35 ml puff volume, a puff duration of 2 seconds, and a puff
frequency
of once per minute, with ventilation holes open and with smoking continuing to
a fixed
length from the tipping paper or filter. In some embodiments, the delivery
system
includes at least about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0-5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1,
1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6,
1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2,
3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7,
3.8, 3.9,4, 4.1,4.2, 4.3,4.4, 4-5, 4.6, 4-7, 4-8 or at least about 4.9 mg of
WS-3 per 1 mg
of tar delivered by the delivery system. In some embodiments, the delivery
system
includes no more than about 10 mg or no more than about 5, 4-9, 4-8, 4.7, 4.6,
4.5, 4-4,
4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3, 2.9, 2.8,
2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.3,
2.2, 2.1, 2, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7,
0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, or
no more than about o.i mg of WS-3 per img of tar delivered by the delivery
system.
Alternatively or in addition, the amount of cooling agent WS-3 included in the
delivery
system may be expressed as a total weight of the WS-3 per mg of aerosol-
generating
material in the delivery system. In some of these embodiments, the delivery
system is a
King Size cigarette, having a length of approximately 83 mm. In some
embodiments,
the delivery system includes at least about o.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,
1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8,
1.9, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3-
5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4,
4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6,
5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6, 6.1,
6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6-5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6-9, 7, 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7.5, 7-6, 77, 7-
8 or at least about
7.9 mg of WS-3 per 1 g of aerosol-generating material the delivery system. In
some
embodiments, the delivery system includes no more than about 15 mg or no more
than
about 11, 10.5, 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.9, 7.8, 7.7, 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, 7.3, 7.2,
7.1, 7, 6.9, 6.8, 6.7,
6.6, 6.5, 6.4, 6.3, 6.2, 6.1, 6, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7, 5.6, 5.5, 5.4, 5.3, 5.2, 5.1,
5, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6,
4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3,
2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5,
2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, or no more than about 1.4 mg
of WS-3 per 1 g of
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aerosol-generating material in the delivery system. In some embodiments a
delivery
system includes at least about 1.4 mg WS-3 per 1 g of aerosol-generating
material. In
some embodiments a delivery system includes no more than about 8 mg WS-3 per 1
g
of aerosol-generating material.
Solvent
The WS-3 cooling agent may be added to the delivery system or to constituents
of the
delivery system in the form of a solution.
/o WS-3 is readily soluble in alcohol, such as ethanol, and in DMSO
(dimethyl sulphoxide)
and so in some embodiments, the WS-3 is added to the delivery system in the
form of a
solution, the solvent comprising alcohol, such as ethanol, and/or DMSO.
In some embodiments, the solution comprising WS-3 and a solvent further
comprises a
humectant such as propylene glycol, glycerol, or other glycols. In addition to
being a
convenient means of including the humectant in the delivery system, the
inclusion of
the humectant in the WS-3 solution has the benefit of lowering the flash point
of the
solution. This is of particular benefit when the solvent is an alcohol such as
ethanol.
Whilst in some embodiments a humectant, such as propylene glycol, may be used
as
the solvent (without an alcohol or DMSO), a combination of alcohol or DMSO and
the
humectant is preferred as such a combination reduces the total volume of
liquid
required to solubilise a given amount of WS-3, since the solubility of WS-3 is
higher in
the solvents than in humectants such as propylene glycol.
In some embodiments, the solution used to add WS-3 to the delivery system
comprises
WS-3 solubilised in an alcohol with a humectant. In some embodiments, the
solvent is
ethanol and/or the humectant is propylene glycol. In one particular
embodiment, the
solution comprises 1 part propylene glycol, 2 parts ethanol and 3 parts WS-3.
Obviously, the proportions of the components may be adjusted with the solution
still
being suitable to add the WS-3 to the delivery system. Indeed, different
solutions are
used to add WS-3 to delivery systems in the Examples below.
In one particular embodiment, a solution with the ratio mentioned above is
used to
apply the WS-3 and propylene glycol to the aerosol-generating material of a
delivery
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system. 6 mg of the solution is used to add 3 mg of WS-3 to the aerosol-
generating
material.
In some embodiments, the solutions comprising WS-3 are added to the delivery
system
by spraying. For example, the solution may be sprayed onto the aerosol-
generating
material before it is incorporated into the delivery system. The solution may
be applied
evenly onto the aerosol-generating material or it may be applied to provide a
specific
distribution of the solution and therefore of the WS-3 within the aerosol-
generating
material and in the delivery system.
Location
In order to provide the desired effect of the invention, the WS-3 cooling
agent should be
included in the delivery system in a manner so as to allow delivery of the WS-
3 to the
consumer during use of the delivery system.
In some embodiments, delivery of the WS-3 cooling agent is by inhalation.
Thus, the
WS-3 to be delivered to the consumer is included in the aerosol generated by
the
delivery system and inhaled by the consumer. Accordingly, the WS-3 is
incorporated in
the delivery system so that it is entrained in the aerosol.
00
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is present in the aerosol-
generating
material. In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is applied to the
aerosol-
generating material. As the delivery system is used, the WS-3 is volatilised
and is
entrained in the aerosol flow through the delivery system. Research suggests
that WS-3
is a stable molecule and is not transformed and does not react with other
chemicals in
the aerosol. This is despite the high temperatures seen in the rods of aerosol-
generating material in combustible aerosol provision system, such as
cigarettes. This is
also despite the relatively low volatility of the WS-3 compared to some
cooling agents
used in delivery systems, such as menthol.
In some embodiments, the WS-3 is applied to the aerosol-generating material
before or
as the aerosol-generating material is incorporated in to a rod of aerosol-
generating
material for inclusion in a delivery system. Alternatively, the WS-3 may be
added to the
aerosol-generating material rod after it has been formed, for example by
injecting the
WS-3 into the rod of aerosol-generating material.
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In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is applied to the aerosol-
generating
material by spraying a solution of the cooling agent WS-3 onto the aerosol-
generating
material. Suitable solutions have been discussed above. This application of a
WS-3
solution can help to ensure that the WS-3 is evenly distributed throughout the
aerosol-
generating material. Alternatively or additionally, the cooling agent WS-3 may
be
added to the aerosol-generating material in solid form, such as in the form of
a powder.
When the WS-3 is applied to the aerosol-generating material, the WS-3 is
gradually
released and entrained in the aerosol as the delivery system is used and the
aerosol-
/0 generating material is heated.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is included by being applied to
the
wrapper surrounding the aerosol-generating material. This may be in addition
to or
instead of applying the WS-3 to the aerosol-generating material or to one or
more other
parts of the delivery system. Once again, the WS-3 may be applied to the
wrapper in
the form of a solution or in solid form, for example in powder form. Particles
of WS-3
may be attached to the wrapper using an adhesive. In some embodiments, the WS-
3 is
present on the inner surface of the wrapper, which faces the aerosol-
generating
material in the delivery system.
00
In other embodiments, the WS-3 is applied to a discrete layer of sheet
material which is
disposed on or adjacent to the wrapper surrounding the aerosol-generating
material.
In some embodiments, it is possible to control the delivery of the cooling or
cleansing
sensation to the consumer by controlling the location of the cooling agent WS-
3 along
the aerosol-generating rod. Where a consistent delivery of a cooling or
cleansing
sensation is desired, the cooling agent may be uniformly distributed along the
rod of
aerosol-generating material. Where the cooling or cleansing effect is to be
provided at
specific, predetermined points during use of the delivery system, this may be
achieved
by the localised provision of the cooling agent. For example, in order to
provide a
cooling or cleansing sensation in the last few puffs of the delivery system,
the cooling
agent WS-3 may be applied to only part of the rod of aerosol-generating
material,
namely the part that is heated or combusted during the latter stages of using
the
delivery system. In the case of a combustible aerosol provision system, the
cooling
agent would be located toward the filter end of the rod of aerosol-generating
material.
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One convenient way to achieve this is by providing a patch or band of the
cooling agent
on or adjacent to the wrapper surrounding the rod of aerosol-generating
material.
In some embodiments, the delivery system includes a filter and the cooling
agent WS-3
is included in the filter. This may be in addition to or instead of including
the WS-3 in
the aerosol-generating material of the delivery system.
In some embodiments, the WS-3 is applied to the filter material. For example,
the WS-
3 may be applied to the filter material before or as the filter material is
incorporated in
io to a filter of filter element for inclusion in a delivery system. Once
again, the WS-3 may
be applied to the filter material in the form of a solution or in solid form,
for example in
powder form. Alternatively, the WS-3 may be added to the filter or filter
element after
it has been formed, for example by injecting the WS-3 into the filter.
In some embodiments, the cooling agent WS-3 is included in the filter by being
applied
to the wrapper surrounding the filter material. This may be in addition to or
instead of
applying the WS-3 to the filter material or to other parts of the delivery
system. Once
again, the WS-3 may be applied to the wrapper in the form of a solution or in
solid
form, for example in powder form. Particles of WS-3 may be attached to the
wrapper
using an adhesive. In some embodiments, the WS-3 is present on the inner
surface of
the wrapper, which faces the filter material in the delivery system.
In some embodiments, in addition to including the WS-3 so that it is delivered
in the
aerosol generated and delivered to the user, the delivery system may include a
sensate
on at least a portion of its surface, to provide further sensations to the
user during use.
For example, a sensate may be provided on the surface at the mouth end of the
system,
localised where the system is in contact with the user's lips upon use. The
sensate may
be selected to complement the cooling or cleansing sensation provided by the
WS-3 as
discussed herein.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, for the purpose of illustration and not
limitation, a
combustible aerosol provision system 1 according to exemplary embodiments of
the
invention comprises a filter 2 and a cylindrical rod of aerosol-generating
material 3.
The rod of aerosol-generating material 3 is aligned with the filter 2 such
that one end of
the rod of aerosol-generating material 3 abuts the end of the filter 2. The
filter 2 is
filter material 4 wrapped in a plug wrap 5 and the plug of aerosol-generating
material
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6, such as tobacco, is circumscribed by a paper wrapper 7 to form the rod of
aerosol-
generating material 3. The rod of aerosol-generating material 3 is joined to
the filter 2
by tipping paper 8 in a conventional manner.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the plug of aerosol-generating
material
comprises tobacco to which the cooling agent WS-3 has been applied, in
accordance
with an embodiment of the invention described herein.
The embodiment shown in Figure 2 includes the cooling agent WS-3 provided in
the
io form of a patch 9 at a first position along the length of the wrapper 7
that will
circumscribe the plug of aerosol-generating material to form the rod of
aerosol-
generating material. In the illustrated embodiment, the patch 9 is positioned
toward
the mouth end of the rod of aerosol-generating material 3 and, upon use of the
combustible aerosol provision system, the patch will release the cooling agent
as it is
heated, so that the cooling agent is delivered during the final few puffs of
the delivery
system only.
In other embodiments (not illustrated) the cooling agent patch may be located
at an
alternative position along the length of the rod of aerosol-generating
material, multiple
patches may be provided, or a single patch may extend a greater length along
the rod,
and may even extend the entire length of the rod of aerosol-generating
material.
Combustible aerosol provision systems according to the present invention may
conform
to any size or dimensions known for combustible aerosol provision systems.
As used herein, the term "tobacco" refers to the material typically found in
the tobacco
rod of a combustible aerosol provision system such as a cigarette, or in
tobacco-
containing aerosol-generating material of a non-combustible aerosol provision
system.
For example, tobacco includes tobacco lamina, tobacco stem, expanded tobacco,
reconstituted tobacco, extruded tobacco, tobacco substitutes, and filler
materials.
As used herein, the term "tobacco" includes any part and any related by-
product, such
as for example the leaves or stems, of any member of the genus Nicotiana. In
some
embodiments, the tobacco material is from the species Nicotiana tabacum. In
some
embodiments, the tobacco material is one or more selected from the group
consisting
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of: cut stem, cut lamina, leaf lamina, small lamina, stem fibres, short stem
and long
stem.
Any type, style and/or variety of tobacco may be treated. Examples of tobacco
which
may be used include, but are not limited to, Virginia, Burley, Oriental,
Comum,
Amarelinho and Maryland tobaccos, and blends of any of these types. The
skilled
person will be aware that the treatment of different types, styles and/or
varieties will
result in tobacco with different organoleptic properties.
In some embodiments, the delivery systems comprise a filter. The filter may
represent
any filter configuration known in the art. Filters for delivery systems
typically comprise
one or more of fibrous cellulose acetate, polypropylene material, polyethylene
material,
or gathered paper material.
The filter may, in some embodiments, comprise an adsorbent material, such as
activated carbon. In some embodiments, the filter may include on or more
capsules.
The capsule may comprise an aerosol modifying agent, such as a flavour, where
permitted by local regulations. In some embodiments, the aerosol modifying
agent is
not another cooling agent other than WS-3 and/or is not a flavour providing
any clearly
noticeable smell or taste in addition to that of the aerosol-generating
material
As used herein, the terms "flavour" and "flavourant" refer to materials which,
where
local regulations permit, may be used to create a desired taste or aroma in a
product for
adult consumers. They may include extracts (e.g., licorice, hydrangea,
Japanese white
bark magnolia leaf, chamomile, fenugreek, clove, menthol, Japanese mint,
aniseed,
cinnamon, herb, wintergreen, cherry, berry, peach, apple, Drambuie, bourbon,
scotch,
whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cardamon, celery, cascarilla,
nutmeg,
sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil,
orange oil,
cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, ylang-ylang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger,
anise,
coriander, coffee, or a mint oil from any species of the genus Mentha),
flavour
enhancers, bitterness receptor site blockers, sensorial receptor site
activators or
stimulators, sugars and/or sugar substitutes (e.g., sucralose, acesulfame
potassium,
aspartame, saccharine, cyclamates, lactose, sucrose, glucose, fructose,
sorbitol, or
mannitol), and other additives such as charcoal, chlorophyll, minerals,
botanicals, or
breath freshening agents. They may be imitation, synthetic or natural
ingredients or
blends thereof. They may be in any suitable form, for example, oil, liquid, or
powder.
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Experimental
The objective of experimental work conducted was to demonstrate the
discrimination
between cooling agents and a characterising flavour, which is defined as a
'clearly
noticeable smell or taste other than one of tobacco, resulting from an
additive or a
combination of additives'.
Test cigarettes were produced using the following amounts of WS-3 applied to
the
aerosol-generating material in the tobacco rod in the form of a solution:
Table 1
Total amount of WS-3 concentration Total amount of solution
WS-3 applied [mg] in solution [%] applied [mg]
0.24 6.00 4
0.78 19.50 4
1.00 25.00 4
2.00 25.00 8
3.00 37.50 8
The WS-3 solutions were made using the following solvents (PG is propylene
glycol and
Et0H is ethanol):
Table 2
WS-3 conc'n in Solvent 1 Solvent 2 Solvent 3
solution [%]
6.00 PG l00% PG 50% / Et0H 50% Et0H l00%
19.50 PG wo% PG 5o% / Et0H 5o% Et0H l00%
25.00 PG l00% PG 50% / Et0H 50% Et0H l00%
25.00 PG 100% PG 50% / Et0H 50% Et0H l00%
37.50 PG 50% / Et0H so% PG so% / Et0H 50% Et0H 100%
Various cigarettes were prepared and smoked so that the (1) menthol-family
flavour
intensity; (2) cooling sensation; and (3) tobacco taste intensity could each
be evaluated
by testers on a 1 to 10 scale (N=28).
Table 3
Sample Menthol-Family Cooling Tobacco
Taste
Flavour Intensity Sensation Intensity
Tobacco Control 0.4 0.5 5.7
no additive
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Tobacco Control (Virginia 0.3 0.5 5.8
Sample) - no additive
Menthol Control (low) 4.1 4.8 3.1
1.5 mg menthol
Menthol Control (medium) 7.0 7.6 2.1
3.5 mg menthol
Menthol Control (high) 8.0 8.8 1.4
5.0 mg menthol
Test sample 1 - o.8 3.3 4.5
1.0 mg 1r5-3
Test sample 2 - 2.2 4-2 3-9
1.0 mg W5-23
With a score of less than 1 for menthol-family flavour intensity, the data
showed that
WS-3 provided a cooling sensation without the menthol flavour. Indeed, ANOVA
statistics (shown in Figure 1) show significantly lower menthol flavour
intensities of all
cooling agent loaded samples vs. menthol loaded samples. In particular, WS-3
was not
statistically different in the attribute menthol flavour to both of the
control samples
(which included no menthol).
The cooling sensation in the cooling agent samples was significant higher than
both
/0 control products. Statistical PCA analysis confirms the ANOVA results
and shows a
clear differentiation of the both cooling agent samples (WS-3 and WS-23) from
the
menthol loaded products.
Further samples were analysed using "Sniffing Analysis", an applied sensory
method
for the assessment of characterising flavours of standard products, by
sniffing the
tobacco itself, without combusting it, using a method as provided in the
international
standard ISO 13299. The data is set out in Tables 4 and 5, showing the results
of
Quantitative Descriptive Profiling (QDP), providing a score of between o and 5
for
perception of the different tobacco typical and non-tobacco typical flavour
notes
Table 4
Tobacco Typical Flavour Notes
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0
O "0 co ck)
H
.2
q.) a.) =4
'.
o E o ct ct o
ct
Sample E-1 cin r=4 = Pci W
4
Ws, (1 mg) 3-9 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.0 1.3 0.3
0.1
WS-23 (1 mg) 3-5 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.0 0.3
0.1
Control
(no flavour) 4.1 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.1 1-4 0.2
0.1
Menthol
o.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
0.0
(4 mg)
Table 5
Non-Tobacco Typical Flavour Notes
.,9=
ez
E
cu 4' 71
4' z o e..)
*
75
..
o ct
r.= o ;., o ct
o
t ct o o .. ct
!:?, 74 e.)
Sample .-c..) c..)
.1- x
WS-3 (1 mg) 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0
WS-23 (i mg) 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1
0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Control
0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(no flavour)
Menthol
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
(4 mg)
A critical intensity of a Mean > 1.0 is highlighted in bold in Tables 4 and 5.
On the 0-5
category scale, none of the prototype cigarette of "WS3" or "WS23" show any
critical
intensity above 1.0 for the Non-Tobacco Typical Flavour Notes (see Table 5).
Only the menthol-loaded cigarette was described as having a highly intensive
minty
flavour at 4.9 on the scoring scale. According to the results of the smoking
analysis,
very low minty notes were described even for the "control" non-flavoured
cigarette.
"WS23" shows with 0.7 points an uncritical but detectable minty flavour (Table
5).
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The "Tobacco Typical Flavour Notes" are more or less similar detectable in the
"control" cigarette as well as in the prototypes "WS-3" and "WS-23" (see Table
4). That
means that the tobacco aromas dominate the flavour in all cigarettes, except
for the
menthol-loaded one. These results of the QDP fit very well to the smoking
analysis.
That proves also the validity of both methods.
From the data, it may be concluded that the inclusion of "WS-23" could be
identified in
the smoking analysis as well as in the sniffing analysis as a substance
imparting a very
low, but detectable minty/menthol flavour. In contrast, the data suggest that
inclusion
of the "WS-3" cooling agent provides a cooling sensation without menthol
flavour. The
data shows that WS-3 provides minimal non-tobacco flavours and so is preferred
when
an additive is sought that provides a cooling or cleansing sensation without
any clearly
noticeable or discernible smell or taste other than one of tobacco.
The various embodiments described herein are presented only to assist in
understanding and teaching the claimed features. These embodiments are
provided as
a representative sample of embodiments only, and are not exhaustive and/or
exclusive.
It is to be understood that advantages, embodiments, examples, functions,
features,
structures, and/or other aspects described herein are not to be considered
limitations
on the scope of the invention as defined by the claims or limitations on
equivalents to
the claims, and that other embodiments may be utilised and modifications may
be
made without departing from the scope of the claimed invention. Various
embodiments
of the invention may suitably comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of,
appropriate
combinations of the disclosed elements, components, features, parts, steps,
means, etc.,
other than those specifically described herein. In addition, this disclosure
may include
other inventions not presently claimed, but which may be claimed in future.
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