Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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"NANOBIONUTRIENTS FERTILIZER COMPOSITION FROM
BIODEGRADABLE WASTE AND PROCESS FOR PREPARATION
THEREOF"
Technical Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to a Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition
derived
from biodegradable waste, useful for increasing plant growth and improving
plants resistance towards diseases. The present invention also relates to a
process
for preparation of said Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition.
Background and prior art of the Invention:
Plants require fertilizing nutrients for their proper development and better
yield.
Fertilizers are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients
are
absorbed in larger quantities in the plant. Apart from three major essential
macronutrients viz., Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium required for the
proper
growth of the plants other macronutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium
(Mg),
and sulfur (S) are also required by plants. In addition to these,
micronutrients such
as boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn),
molybdenum
(Mo) and zinc (Zn) are also play important role in health of plant and the
crop
yield. These macronutrients and micronutrients containing fertilizers are
applied
to plants by mixing them into soil or directly applied to the foliar of the
plants.
Many fertilizers are applied in the soil through application via direct
spraying or
through irrigation. For many years, agriculture specialists have found higher
yields when plants were fertilized through foliar feeding techniques or more
simply applying the spray directly to the leaves. Spraying at the beginning or
end
of the day is crucial to maximize the growth of the plants. Because of this
the
photosynthesis, growth and yield of plants is improved.
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Due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers, fertility of the soil is
decreasing, soil
health is deteriorating and environmental pollution is increasing. The farm
products manufactured using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, weedicides etc.
are
showing some bad effects on health of people. Diseases like cancer are
increasing
due to increase use of chemical pesticides in the vegetables, fruits, grains
etc.
Hence, the awareness to go for organically produced vegetables, fruits and
grains
is increasing. Farmers are also reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and
opting
for Organic farming methods. It's well-known that there are plenty of benefits
of
using Organic plant nutrients, as they don't leave any residue, they keep
improving the fertility of soil and making the plants strong from inside.
It has been noted that inorganic nutrients are difficult for plant to get
absorbed.
Organic form of plant nutrients keeps nutrients in available form and soluble
in
the soil solution for rapid and controlled uptake by plant roots without being
blocked by clays or organic matter.
Calcium is one of the essential elements and plays very important role in the
life
cycle of plants and animals. It is also important for development of crops,
photosynthetic activity and makes plants sturdy and fruits firmer. Calcium is
main
constituent of cell walls and can only be supplied in xylem sap. If plant runs
out
of calcium supply it cannot remobilize it from older tissues. Calcium is very
useful in cell division. When calcium is not adequate in plants then the
hormone
production, development of roots and young leaves is affected, growth is
stunted
and cell wall formation does not proceed smoothly which leads to necrosis and
early maturity. Calcium has the ability to make plant cells thicker, to
strengthen
the stalks and stems of plant and make it more difficult for certain diseases
to
invade the plant after a heavy rain or other stressful conditions.
Availability of
calcium is important to ensure highest crop quality and yield. Adequate
calcium
offers better cell division, better photosynthesis, better cell wall, hence,
better
shelf life of produce.
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Calcium deficiency symptoms in plants are generally includes (a) necrosis at
the
tips and margins of young leaves, (b) bulb and fruit abnormalities, (c)
deformation
of affected leaves, (d) highly branched, short, brown root systems, (d)
severe,
stunted growth and (e) general chlorosis. These symptoms were occur even when
there is adequate presence of calcium in the soil, because Calcium is found in
many minerals in soil but it is relatively insoluble and in unavailable state.
Many
soils contain high levels of calcium like calcium carbonate but the grown grow
on
these solid often show calcium deficiency.
Though there are various calcium sources such as calcium carbonate, calcium
sulphate, gypsum or lime, however, none of them are fulfill the calcium need
of
the plants and are not immediately available to plants. The sources like
calcium
chloride and calcium nitrate sometimes show phytotoxicity on younger leaves.
Even when they are applied in soil either they are complexed with other salts
present in the soil or with the fertilizer itself rendering them ineffective
for plant
use or takes very long time in soil for them to show the effects.
Therefore, there is an immense need to develop good, highly effective and
water
soluble calcium source for plants which can show effects efficiently and
quickly,
and will fulfil the need of calcium in plants for various functions.
The biodegradable waste such as bone meal, egg shells, crab shells or shrimp
shells contains higher amount of calcium. The egg shell waste is a by-product
of
chicken egg processing industry. Similarly, crab or shrimp shell waste is also
a
by-product generated in fish processing industry. The egg shell contains 50%
calcium, 1% magnesium oxide, 0.24% phosphate and 7% protein. The
crab/shrimp shell contains 25-40% protein, 45-50% calcium carbonate and
remaining polysaccharides. These shells being wastes remain untreated and used
as feed purpose for animals and soil fertilizer, however, does not offer any
value
addition or better nutritional value to the feed or to soil fertilizer. Also,
this
biodegradable waste otherwise may pose serious health issues if not treated
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properly and there are also chances of development of harmful bacteria because
of
presence of proteinous substances in egg shell or crab shell or shrimp shell.
Chinese Patent Publication No. CN103332970 relates to a method for producing
functional fertilizers by comprehensive utilization of shrimp and crab shells.
The
method for production of fertilizers comprises cleaning the shrimp and crab
shell
with water and decalcifying with dilute nitric acid. The drained shrimp and
crab
shells mixed with alkaline solution such as potassium hydroxide followed by
heating and stirring and neutralizing the filtrate to obtain functional
fertilizer. The
functional fertilizer contains 2-6% chitosan, 1-5% calcium, 2-10% amino acids
or
polypeptides and 1-8 % Potassium. CN'970 comprises use of dilute nitric acid
and
alkaline solution of potassium hydroxide for production of functional
fertilizer.
Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101591198 relates to a method for preparing a
multifunctional leaf fertilizer by using shrimp waste. Said method comprises
use
of acid solution of a phosphor element, salts of calcium, magnesium and zinc,
astaxanthin, alkaline solution of potassium element.
Indian Granted Patent No. 203490 (955/CHE/2003) discloses process for
preparation of calcium phosphate from egg shell waste comprises continuous
heating of egg shells at higher temperature, followed by grinding of said egg
shells with water and addition of di ammonium phosphate to obtain calcium
phosphate. The yield of obtained calcium in IN'490 is in the range of 4.5gm to
4.6gm. However, the calcium phosphate obtained using said process is insoluble
and is not available to plants through foliar application as well as through
soil
application. Further, it will also take very long time to get available to
plants as
plants can easily use soluble nutrients only.
An article titled, "Application of eggshell wastes as valuable and utilizable
products: A review" by Akbar Arabhosseini and Hamideh Faridi, published in
Res. Agr. Eng., Vol. 64, 2018 (2): 104-114. Said article is an attempt to
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summarize the possible applications of eggshell. It discloses that the
eggshell
waste can be used (a) at biodiesel production as a solid base catalyst; (b) as
an
absorbent of heavy metals from wastewater; (c) as biomaterial in order to
replace
bone tissues due to the rise in the number of patients; (d) as a fertilizer
and (e)
calcium supplement in nutrition for human, animals, plants, etc.
An article titled, "A Review of the Uses of Poultry Eggshells and Shell
Membranes", by A. M. Kingori, published in International Journal of Poultry
Science 10(11); 908-912, 2011. Said article discloses multiple uses of
eggshells in
nutrition and medicine. It further discloses that, the discarded eggshells are
often
used as a plant fertilizer and are effective liming sources. This is because
eggshells contain calcium that raises or neutralizes the pH level of overly
acidic
soil.
An article titled, "Application of Eggshell as Fertilizer and Calcium
Supplement
Tablet" by Madhavi Gaonkar and A.P. Chakraborty, published in international
Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5,
Issue 3, March 2016, pp. 3520-3525. The process for preparation of eggshell
powder as disclosed in said article involves steps such as boiling, drying,
pulverizing and grinding of eggshells. Also, the process for extraction of
calcium
comprises hydrochloric acid.
However, the above articles by Akbar Arabhosseini et.al, by A. M. Kingori et.
al.,
or by Madhavi Gaonkar et.al, does not discloses any particular fertilizer
composition comprises water soluble calcium derived from egg shell or any
process for preparation of such fertilizer composition.
Therefore the inventor of the present invention has come up with a fertilizer
composition which is rich in water soluble biocomplexed calcium and is
prepared
by converting biodegradable waste into a highly effective bio-nutrient.
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Object of the Invention:
In accordance with the above, it is an object of the present invention is to
provide
a Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition for promoting plant growth by
supplementing biocomplexed calcium from natural sources, in water soluble
form,
thereby improving plants resistance towards diseases and provide higher yield.
Summary of the Invention:
To achieve the above objective, in an aspect, the present invention provides a
Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition comprises biocomplexed calcium in
water soluble form derived from biodegradable waste, useful for increasing
plant/root growth and yield, improving plants resistance towards diseases,
offers
better seed germination, increases photosynthesis/chlorophyll content in
plants
and enhances the shelf life of fruits.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a process of preparation of
said
Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition.
Detailed Description of the Invention:
The present invention will now be described in detail in connection with
certain
embodiments, so that various aspects thereof may be fully understood and
appreciated.
Source and Geographical origin of the biological material used in the
invention:
Egg shells
Geographical Origin: Hen
Source: Procured from Poultry Egg Processing Industry, Patil Poulty Farm
located
at Paldhi Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.
Soapnut Extract
Scientific Name: Sapindus mukorossi
Common Name: Soapnut, Soapberry, Washnut, Ritha/Reetha, Aritha
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Geographical Origin: Native of western coastal Maharashtra ¨ Konkan and Goa
Source: Procured from Mayur Traders Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.
Guar gum
Geographical Origin: It is a galactomannan polysaccharide extracted from guar
beans
Source: Procured from Mahakali Gums, Masjid Bunder, Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India.
Xanthan gum
Geographical Origin: It is produced by the fermentation of glucose and sucrose
Source: Procured from Mahakali Gums, Masjid Bunder, Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India.
Gum acacia
Geographical Origin: The gum is harvested commercially from wild trees, mostly
in Sudanand throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somalia. It is a natural gum
consisting of the hardened sap of two species of the acacia tree, Acacia
senegal
and Vachellia seyal. Gum acacia does not indicate a particular botanical
source. It
is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides predominantly
consisting of arabinose and galactose.
Source: Procured from Mahakali Gums, Masjid Bunder, Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India.
Protease enzymes
These are either naturally sourced or synthetic such as papain, pancreatin,
bromalain, fungal protease, acid protease, alkaline protease and neutral
protease.
Papain
Geographical origin: Papain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the raw
fruit
of papaya plant
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Source: Procured from S R Mahajan, Shri Harinagar, Jalgaon, Maharashtra,
India.
Pancreatin
Geographical origin: Pancreases of pigs
Source: Procured from Jaksons Pharma, Vile Parle (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India.
Bromelain
Geographical origin: It is a protein-digesting enzyme mixture derived from the
stem, fruit, and juice of the pineapple plant
Source: Procured from local fruit market at Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.
Fungal protease
Source: Procured from Sampatti Industries, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.
Acid Protease and Neutral protease
Source: Procured from Tex Biosciences, Ashok Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,
India.
Alkaline Protease
Source: Procured from Maps Enzyme, S G Rd, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Peptides
These are of natural or synthetic origin selected from vegetable peptide
hydrolyzate or animal peptide hydrolyzate such as fish peptide, collagen
peptide,
soy peptide, guar peptide or mixture of peptides prepared by blending amino
acids
such as glutamic acid, glycine and lysine.
Source: Procured from Suboneyo Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals P Limited,
Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India.
Abbreviations:
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The term "Nano bio-nutrients" used herein is referred as natural nutrients
extracted from egg shell, complexed with peptides and converted into nano form
during processing.
The term "bio-complexed calcium" used herein is referred as natural calcium
sourced from egg shell and biocomplexed with peptides; wherein said
biocomplexed calcium is also water soluble.
The present invention discloses a Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition
derived
from biodegradable waste, useful for increasing plant/root growth and yield,
improving plants resistance towards diseases, offers better seed germination,
increases photosynthesis/ chlorophyll content in plants and enhances the shelf
life
of fruits.
The present invention discloses a Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition
comprises biocomplexed calcium in water soluble form derived from
biodegradable waste.
The biodegradable wastes from which the present Nano bionutrients fertilizer
composition is derived are selected from bone meal, egg shells, crab shells or
shrimp shells, preferably, an egg shells. The amount of egg shells used to
prepare
Nano bionutrients fertilizer composition is 100 to 500kgs.
The present invention discloses a Nano-bionutrients fertilizer composition,
wherein said composition is rich in calcium, nitrogen, magnesium content and
is
prepared by converting a biodegradable waste into a highly effective bio-
nutrient.
Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a
Nano-bionutrients fertilizer composition derived from biodegradable egg shell
waste comprises 3-25% Biocomplexed Calcium, 10-75% Peptides, 1-12%
Organic Nitrogen and 0.1-0.5% Magnesium of the total composition.
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In another preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a Nano-
bionutrients fertilizer composition derived from biodegradable egg shell waste
comprises 6% Biocomplexed Calcium, 28% Peptides, 5% Organic Nitrogen and
0.1% Magnesium of the total composition.
In another preferred embodiment, a Nano-bionutrients fertilizer composition of
the present invention is enriched with additives selected from surfactant,
thickners, spreaders, humectants and pH indicators. The additives used are
helps
in increasing the efficacy and adsorption of the composition on plants.
Accordingly, the surfactants include but not limited to anionic, cationic, non-
ionic
surface active agents such as fatty alcohol, ethoxylates, polysorbates,
nonylphenol
ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates of various EO-PO moles such as nonyl
phenol ethoxylate 9 ethylene oxide moles, octyl phenol ethoxylate 10 ethylene
oxide moles, silicone based polyether surfactants and soapnut extract, present
in
an amount of 2-10% of the total composition.
Thickeners include but not limited to natural or synthetic carboxy methyl
cellulose, guar gum, xanthan gum, gum acacia, poly electrolytes based on acryl
amide, sodium polyacrylates and potassium polyacrylates, present in an amount
of
0.05-2% of the total composition.
Spreaders include but not limited to sodium lauryl ether sulphate, sodium
lauryl
sulphate, liner alkyl benzene sulfonate, di-octylsulfo succinate, silicon
surfactant
and soapnut extract, present in an amount of 0.1-5% of the total composition.
Humectants include but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
glycerol,
sorbitol, mannitol, invert sugar cane and sugar molasses, which are present in
an
amount of 2-15% of the total composition.
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pH Indicators include but not limited to Methyl Red, Methyl Red + Methylene
Blue screened, Alizarin Red S + Methylene Blue, Bromocresol Green + Methyl
Red, Bromocresol Green + Methylene Blue, Bromocresol Green, malachite green,
p-nitrophenol + Methylene Blue, Ethyl Red + Methylene Blue, 2,5 di-
nitrophenol,
2,5 di-nitrophenol + Methylene Blue, Bromoxylenol Blue, di-Methyl Yellow,
Methyl Orange, Bromothymol Blue + Methylene Blue + Methyl Red, Naphtyl
Red, Bromophenol Red, Chlorophenol Red, Alizarin Red, Cochineal, Azolitmin,
Bromophenol Blue, Congo Red, Resazurin, P-nitrophenol, Bromocresol Purple,
Bromocresol Purple + Methylene blue, Bromothymol Blue and Universal pH
Indicator comprising mixture of pH indicators, wherein, these pH indicators
are
present in an amount of 0.1-3.5% of the total composition.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a process
for
preparation of Nano-bionutrients fertilizer composition derived from
biodegradable egg shell comprises;
a) Crushing and milling 100kg of egg shells with 0.1-0.2% of anionic or non-
ionic surfactants and 0.1-0.2% cationic surfactant;
b) diluting egg shells of step (a) in 200-300 kgs of hot water having temp of
40-60 C to obtain clean and microbe free shell milled mass;
c) adding 0.05-0.8% protease enzyme to milled mass of step (b) and
maintaining temperature at 40-70 C and pH 5 to 8 using acid or alkali for
2-4 hrs.;
d) biocomplexing the milled mass of step (c) with 200-300 kgs of peptides
(containing 5-70% peptides, more preferably 24-55% peptides) and heating
the solution at 65-85 C for 6-12 hrs. at pressure of 1.5-2 bars;
e) adjusting the pH of solution of step (d) at 1.5 to 2.0 with organic or
inorganic acid and continuing the biocomplexation for 3-6 hrs. under wet
milling so as to obtain particle size of 600-2000 nm; and
f) filtering the solution of step (e) to obtain Nano-bionutrients fertilizer
composition in liquid form.
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g) optionally concentrating or drying the liquid composition obtained in step
(f) to convert liquid form into concentrate liquid, powder, granule or tablet
form.
Accordingly, in the present invention 100 kgs of egg shells are collected from
egg
processing industry and crushed/milled along with 0.1-0.2% ionic or non-ionic
surfactant and 0.1-0.2% cationic surfactant. The milled egg shells are then
diluted
in 200-300 kgs of hot water having temp of 40-60 C to loosen the proteinaceous
matter from egg shell membrane attached to shell and to obtain clean and
microbe
free shell milled mass.
Adding 0.05-0.8% Protease enzyme to milled mass to hydrolyzed the
proteinaceous matter in the solution. The hydrolysis is carried out at pH 5 to
8
using acid or alkali for 2-4 hrs. under 40-70 C.
The milled mass is then further biocomplexed with 200-300 Kgs of peptides
containing 5-70% peptides, more preferably 24-55% peptides. The
biocomplexation is carried out by heating preferably in a glass lined vessel
at 65-
85 C for 6-12 hours at a pressure of 1.5-2 bars. During the biocomplexation
the
pH of the reaction mass is adjusted to pH of 1.5- 2.5 with any organic or
inorganic
acid or combination thereof
The biocomplexation is further carried out for 3-6 hours under wet milling and
then filtered. The wet nano milling is done so as to achieve the particle size
of
complex at 600-2000 nano meter. The pH is adjusted further if required and the
obtained biocomplexed Nano bionutrients liquid fertilizer composition rich in
calcium, magnesium, peptides is used as naturally sourced plant nutrient.
Optionally, the liquid can be concentrated into paste form or dried in
suitable
dryer such as spray or vacuum dryer to convert liquid Nano-bionutrient
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composition into powder form. It can also be converted into granule or tablet
form
or coated onto carrier using required equipment.
In the above process mixture of additives comprises 2-10% surfactant, 0.05-2%
thickners, 0.1-5% spreaders, 2-15% humectants and 0.1-3.5% pH indicators can
also be added to increase the efficacy and adsorption of the fertilizer
composition.
The ionic or non-ionic surfactants used in the process are selected from
sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium lauryl ether sulphate, liner alkyl benzene
sulfonate, dioctyl sulfo succinate, nonyl phenol ethoxylate 9 ethylene oxide
moles, octyl phenol ethoxylate 10 ethylene oxide moles, polyether modified
siloxane and cationic surfactant is selected from benzalkonium chloride and
benzethoium chloride.
The protease enzyme used in the process is either naturally sourced or
synthetic
and is selected from papain, pancreatin, bromelain, fungal protease, acid
protease,
alkaline protease, neutral protease, preferably, papain, pancreatin, acid
protease
and alkaline protease.
The peptides used in the process are of natural or synthetic origin and are
selected
from vegetable peptide hydrolyzate or animal peptide hydrolyzate such as fish
peptide, collagen peptide, soy peptide, guar peptide or mixture of peptides
prepared by blending amino acids such as glutamic acid, glycine and lysine.
The pH adjusting agents used in the process are organic or inorganic acid
including acetic acid, vinegar, lactic acid, propionic acid, gluconic acid,
butyric
acid, ethylene di amine tetra acetic acid, ascorbic acid, phosphoric,
phosphorous,
hydrochloric or nitric acid, preferably, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid,
ascorbic
acid.
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In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention discloses a process
for
preparation of Nano-bionutrients fertilizer composition derived from
biodegradable egg shell comprises;
a) Crushing and milling 100kg of egg shells with 0.15% of Sodium lauryl
ether
sulfate and 0.1% of benzalkonium chloride to make the shell clean and free
from any microbes;
b) diluting egg shells of step (a) in 300kgs of hot water having temp of 50
C to
obtain milled clean and microbe free shell mass;
c) adding 0.2% papain protease enzyme to milled mass of step (b) and
maintaining temperature at 50 C and pH 6 using acetic acid for 4 hrs.;
d) biocomplexing the milled mass of step (c) with 300kgs of animal peptides
(containing 50% peptides) and heating the solution at 75 C for 6.hrs. at
pressure of 1.5 bars;
e) adjusting the pH of solution of step (d) with hydrochloric acid and glacial
acetic acid in 1:0.1 ratio followed by further biocomplexation for 4 hrs.
under wet milling so as to obtain particle size between 600-2000 nm and
f) filtering the solution of step (e) to obtain final Nano-bionutrients
fertilizer
composition in liquid form.
g) optionally concentrating or drying the liquid composition obtained in step
(f) to convert liquid form into concentrate, powder, granule or tablet form.
In the above processes a mixture of additives comprises 8% Octylphenol
ethoxylate 9 EO Mole (surfactant), 1.5% guar gum (thickner), 1% silicon
surfactant (spreader), 3% propylene glycol (humectant) and 0.5% methyl red (pH
indicator) can also be added to increase the efficacy and adsorption of the
fertilizer composition.
The yield of obtained biocomplexed calcium from the above process is 90% of
the
calcium present in egg shell.
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The particle size of nano bionutrients in the fertilizer composition is in the
range
of 600-2000 nano meter.
In another embodiment, the Nano bio-nutrients fertilizer composition of the
present invention is preferably in the form of liquid, paste or powder. It can
also
be converted into granule/tablet form or coated onto carrier.
In another embodiment, the present Nano-bionutrients fertilizer composition
derived from egg shell can be applied on plants or crops through foliar spray
or
mixed with soil or through root irrigation.
The biocomplexed calcium composition of present invention when applied
through soil exhibits root development, it does not get precipitated and does
not
form insoluble compound in the soil with phosphorous. The precipitation of
calcium-phosphorous significantly decreases the availability of both the
nutrients
to plants, which is avoided by the application of present fertilizer
composition.
In another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of increasing
plant/root growth and yield, improving plants resistance towards diseases,
increasing seed germination, increasing photosynthesis/chlorophyll content in
plants and enhancing shelf life of fruits by applying a Nano-bionutrients
fertilizer
composition derived from biodegradable egg shell waste comprising
biocomplexed calcium, peptides, organic nitrogen and magnesium on plants or
crops through foliar spray or mixed with soil or through root irrigation.
In another embodiment, the present invention discloses use of Nano-
bionutrients
fertilizer composition derived from biodegradable egg shell waste comprising
biocomplexed calcium, peptides, organic nitrogen and magnesium, for increasing
plant/root growth and yield, improving plants resistance towards diseases,
increasing seed germination, increasing photosynthesis/chlorophyll content in
plants and enhancing the shelf life of fruits.
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In another embodiment, the effect of present Nano Bionutrients fertilizer
composition on Seed germination is tested. From Example 9, Table 1, it is
observed that, the treatment with present Nano-bionutrient fertilizer has
shown
better/increase germination compared to untreated control and synthetic
calcium
nitrate fertilizer. The germination of seeds treated with Nano bionutrients
fertilizer
was comparatively much faster than untreated and synthetic Calcium nitrate
fertilizer treated seeds.
In another embodiment, the effect of present Nano Bionutrients fertilizer
composition on fresh weight of plant is tested. From Example 10, Table 2, it
is
observed that, the spray and drench of present Nano-bionutrient fertilizer
offers
increase in weight of plants and increases greenness in plant compared to
untreated control and synthetic calcium nitrate fertilizer. The increased
greenness
is due to increased photosynthesis and better chlorophyll content in plants
In another embodiment, the effect of present Nano Bionutrients fertilizer
composition on shelf life of fruits is tested in comparison with commercial
Inorganic Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer (Coromandel Gromor). From Example 11,
Table 3 and Table 4, it is observed that, the treatment of tomato fruits with
present Nano Bionutrient fertilizer has shown very less number and percentage
(%) of overripe and deformed tomato fruits during storage compared to
untreated
control and commercial Inorganic Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer (Coromandel
Gromor). The shelf life of tomato fruits treated with Nano Bionutrients
fertilizer
was comparatively higher than untreated control and Inorganic Calcium nitrate
fertilizer treated tomatoes.
In another embodiment, the effect of present Nano Bionutrients fertilizer
composition on shelf life of fruits is tested in comparison with Organically
Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal). From Example 12, Table 5
and Table 6, it is observed that, the treatment with present Nano-bionutrient
fertilizer has shown very less number and percentage (%) of overripe and
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deformed tomato fruits during storage compared to untreated control and
Chelated
EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal). The shelf life of tomato fruits
treated
with Nano-bionutrients fertilizer was comparatively higher than untreated
control
and Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer treated tomatoes.
In another embodiment, the effect of present Nano Bionutrients fertilizer
composition on cracking of grape berries is tested in comparison with
Organically
Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal). From Example 13, Table 7,
it is observed that, the incidence of cracking of grapes berries is less as
compare to
untreated control and Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal)
treated
grape berries. Also, the percentage reduction of cracking of grapes berries is
higher as compare to untreated control and Chelated EDTA based Calcium
fertilizer (ChelaCal) treated grape berries.
Advantages of present Nano bionutrient fertilizer composition:
= It provides supply of biocomplexed calcium in water soluble form to the
plants, which is one of the most essential element for cell wall development.
= It helps in processing of biodegradable waste such as egg shell, to
obtain
highly effective bionutrient out of it that improves yield of plants at much
smaller dosages.
= It is a germination enhancer for seeds and nursery plants.
= It offers quick effects on plants, improves photosynthesis in crops and
makes them healthy, green and increases the yield.
= It offers better shelf life to green leafy vegetables, fruit crops such
as
tomatoes, grapes, berries and the like.
Examples:
Some typical examples illustrating the embodiments of the present invention
are
provided; however, these are exemplary only and should not be regarded as
limiting the elements of the present invention.
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Example 1: Nano bionutrients Fertilizer Composition 1
Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity (%)
1. Biocomplexed Calcium 3 to 25
2. Peptides 10 to 75
3. Organic Nitrogen 1 to 12
4. Magnesium 0.1 to 0.5
5. Water Q. S.
Total 100
Example 2: Process for preparation of Nano bionutrients Fertilizer
Composition 1 of Example 1
a) Crushing and milling 100kg of egg shells with 0.1-0.2% of ionic or non-
ionic surfactants along with 0.1% cationic surfactant;
b) diluting egg shells of step (a) in 200-300 kgs of hot water having temp of
40-60 C to obtain milled mass;
c) adding 0.05-0.8% protease enzyme to milled mass of step (b) and
maintaining temperature at 40-60 C for 2-4 hrs.;
d) biocomplexing the milled mass of step (c) with 200-300 kgs of peptides
(containing 5-70% peptides) and heating the solution at 65-75 C for 6-12
hrs. at pressure of 1.5-2 bars;
e) adjusting the pH of solution of step (d) with any organic or inorganic acid
at
1.5 followed by further biocomplexation for 3-6 hrs. under wet milling; and
f) filtering the solution of step (e) to obtain final composition in liquid
form.
g) optionally drying the liquid composition obtained in step (f) to convert
liquid form into powder, granule or tablet form.
Example 3: Nano bionutrients Fertilizer Composition 2
Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity (%)
1. Biocomplexed Calcium 6%
2. Peptides 28%
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3. Organic Nitrogen 5%
4. Magnesium 0.1%
5. Water Q. S.
Total 100
Example 4: Process for preparation of Nano bionutrients Fertilizer
Composition 2 of Example 3
a) Crushing and milling 170kg of egg shells with 0.15% of sodium lauryl ether
sulfate and 0.1% cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride;
b) diluting egg shells of step (a) in 500kgs of hot water having temp of 50 C
to
obtain clean and microbe free shell milled mass;
c) adding 0.2% protease enzyme papain to milled mass of step (b) and
maintaining temperature at 50 C and pH of 6 for 4hrs.;
d) biocomplexing the milled mass of step (c) with 300kg of animal origin
peptides (containing 60% Peptides) and heating the solution at 72 C for 6
hrs. at pressure of 1.5 bars;
e) adjusting the pH of solution of step (d) at 1.5 with hydrochloric acid and
acetic acid at 1:0.1 ratio followed by further biocomplexation for 5 hrs.
under wet milling; and
f) filtering the solution of step (e) to obtain final composition in liquid
form.
g) optionally concentrating or drying the liquid composition obtained in step
(f) to convert liquid form into powder, granule or tablet form.
Example 5: Nano bionutrients Fertilizer Composition 3 (with additives)
Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity (%)
1. Biocomplexed Calcium 3 to 25
2. Peptides 10 to 75
3. Organic Nitrogen 1 to 12
4. Magnesium 0.1 to 0.5
5. Surfactants 2 to 10
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6. Thickners 0.05-2%
7. Spreaders 0.1 to 5
8. Humectants 2 to 15
9. pH indicators 0.1 to 3.5
10. Water Q. S.
Total 100
Example 6: Process for preparation of Nano bionutrients Fertilizer
Composition 3 of Example 5
a) Crushing and milling 100kg of egg shells with 0.1-0.2% of ionic or non-
ionic surfactants along with 0.1% cationic surfactant;
b) diluting egg shells of step (a) in 200-300 kgs of hot water having temp of
40-60 C to obtain milled mass;
c) adding 0.05-0.8% protease enzyme to milled mass of step (b) and
maintaining temperature at 40-60 C for 2-4 hrs.;
d) biocomplexing the milled mass of step (c) with 200-300 kgs of peptides
(containing 5-70% peptides) and heating the solution at 65-75 C for 6-12
hrs. at pressure of 1.5-2 bars;
e) adjusting the pH of solution of step (d) with any organic or inorganic acid
at
1.5 followed by further biocomplexation for 3-6 hrs. under wet milling; and
f) preparing mixture of additives by mixing surfactant, thickner, spreader,
humectant and pH indicator and adding said mixture into step (e) under
stirring followed by filtering the solution to obtain final composition in
liquid form.
g) optionally drying the liquid composition obtained in step (f) to convert
liquid form into powder, granule or tablet form.
Example 7: Nano bionutrients Fertilizer Composition 4 (with additives)
Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity (%)
1. Biocomplexed Calcium 6%
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2. Peptides 28%
3. Organic Nitrogen 5%
4. Magnesium 0.1%
5. Octylphenol ethoxylate 9 EO Mole (Surfactant) 8%
6. Guar gum (Thickner) 1.5%
7. Silicon surfactant (Spreader) 1%
8. Propylene glycol (Humectant) 3%
9. Methyl red (pH indicator) 0.5%
10. Water Q.S.
Total 100
Example 8: Process for preparation of Nano bionutrients Fertilizer
Composition 4 of Example 7
a) Crushing and milling 240kg of egg shells with 0.15% of sodium lauryl ether
sulfate and 0.1% cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride;
b) diluting egg shells of step (a) in 630kgs of hot water having temp of 50 C
to
obtain clean and microbe free shell milled mass;
c) adding 0.2% protease enzyme papain to milled mass of step (b) and
maintaining temperature at 50 C and pH of 6 for 4hrs.;
d) biocomplexing the milled mass of step (c) with 360kg of animal origin
peptides (containing 60% Peptides) and heating the solution at 72 C for 6
hrs. at pressure of 1.5 bars;
e) adjusting the pH of solution of step (d) at 1.5 with hydrochloric acid and
acetic acid at 1:0.1 ratio followed by further biocomplexation for 5 hrs.
under wet milling; and
f) preparing mixture of additives by mixing 8% Octylphenol ethoxylate 9 EO
Mole (surfactant), 1.5% guar gum (thickner), 1% silicon surfactant
(spreader), 3% propylene glycol (humectant) and 0.5% methyl red (pH
indicator) and adding said mixture into step (e) under stirring followed by
filtering the solution to obtain final composition in liquid form.
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g) optionally concentrating or drying the liquid composition obtained in step
(f) to convert liquid form into powder, granule or tablet form.
Example 9: Effect of NanoBionutrients Composition 2 of Example 3 on Seed
germination
Cotton seeds were treated with NanoBionutrient Composition 2 of Example 3 to
observe its effect on germination.
A] Treatment with Composition 2:
lkg of Cotton seeds were coated with 20 gm of Composition 2 (containing 6%
biocomplexed Calcium, 28% Peptides, 5% Organic Nitrogen and 0.1%
Magnesium) dissolved in 50 ml of water per kg of seeds and allowed to dry. The
seeds were planted few hours after drying along with untreated/control seeds
treated with 20 ml plain tap water per kg of cotton seed and dried and the
results
are given in Table 1 below.
B] Treatment with Synthetic Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer:
1 kg Cotton seeds were coated with synthetic Calcium Nitrate fertilizer
containing
18% Calcium at the dosage of 7 gms per Kg of seeds so as to have same dosage
of
calcium as that of present composition. Calcium nitrate is dissolved in 50 ml
of
water per kg of seeds and allowed to dry. The seeds were planted few hours
after
drying along with untreated/control seeds and the results are given in Table 1
below.
C] Untreated control:
Control 1 kg Cotton seeds were treated with 20 ml plain tap water per kg of
cotton
seed and dried and the results are given in Table 1 below.
Table 1:
Days Untreated cotton
Treated cotton seeds at Treated cotton seeds at
seeds with just 0.7% with synthetic 2%
Nanobionutrient
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water fertilizer Calcium
(Composition 2 of
Nitrate Example 3)
Germination % Germination % Germination %
3 0 31 55
4 0 40 65
3 50 84
6 10 55 93
7 60 65 96
9 70 85 96.5
78 90 98.0
12 92 93.5 98.5
13 92 93.6 99
14 92 93.6 99
92 93.6 99
5
From above Table 1, it is observed that, treatment with present
NanoBionutrient
fertilizer (Composition 2 of Example 3) has shown better germination increase
of
approx. 7.6% compared to untreated and 5.8% compared to synthetic Calcium
nitrate fertilizer. The germination of seeds treated with Nano Bionutrients
10
fertilizer was comparatively much faster than untreated and synthetic Calcium
nitrate fertilizer treated seeds.
Example 10: Effect of Nanobionutrient Fertilizer Composition 4 of Example
7 on Fresh weight
15 Coriander was planted in 10 are (10,000 sq. ft.) with a distance of
5 inch x 1 ft. in
row.
8 days after planting of coriander following treatment was made.
A] Treatment with Composition 4:
Nanobionutrient Composition 4 of Example 7 (containing 6% biocomplexed
Calcium, 28% Peptides, 5% Organic Nitrogen, 0.1% Magnesium and additives) is
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used at 5 ml per ltr of water for foliar treatment and 2 ml per ltr for drench
treatment.
Another 2 sprays are given after a gap of 7 days
Qty of water required for 10,000 sq ft foliar spray each time: 30 Ltr
Qty of water used for 10,000 sq ft root drench: 60 Ltr
The fresh weight and appearance parameter was noted at the time of harvesting.
B] Treatment with Synthetic Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer:
Synthetic calcium nitrate fertilizer containing 15% Calcium is used at 2 gm
per ltr
of water for foliar treatment and 0.6 gm per ltr for drench treatment.
Another 2 sprays are given after a gap of 7 days
Qty of water required for 10,000 sqft foliar spray each time: - 30 Ltr
Qty of water used for 10,000 sqft root drench = 60 Ltr
C] Untreated control
Plain water spray is done at the corresponding time when the other two
treatments
are done.
The results are provided in below Table 2 as follows:
Table 2:
Days Average Average Saleable Fresh Average Saleable
Fresh
Saleable Fresh Weight of coriander Weight of coriander
Weight of plant - Treated with plant - Treated
with
coriander plant Synthetic Calcium Composition 4 of
- Untreated Nitrate Fertilizer Example 7
10 days after 24 gm 29.7 gm 36.3 gm
treatment
Fresh weight 23.75% 51%
Increase in %
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Color of leaves Green leaves Dark Green leaves
Dark lush Green leaves
It is evident from above Table 2 that, the spray and drench of present
NanoBionutrient fertilizer (Composition 4 of Example 7) offers increase in
weight
of plants and increases greenness in plant compared to untreated control and
synthetic calcium nitrate fertilizer. The increased greenness is due to the
increased
photosynthesis and better chlorophyll content in plants
Example 11: Effect of Nanobionutrients Fertilizer Composition 4 of Example
7 on Shelf life of Fruits in comparison with commercial Inorganic Calcium
Nitrate Fertilizer (Coromandel Gromor)
A] Untreated control:
Plain water spray and plain water drench is done at the corresponding time
when
the other two treatments are done.
B] Treatment with Composition 4:
Nanobionutrient Composition 4 of Example 7 (containing 6% biocomplexed
Calcium, 28% Peptides, 5% Organic Nitrogen, 0.1% Magnesium and additives) is
used on 1 acre of tomatoes for fresh sale tomatoes at the foliar dosage rate
of 4 ml
of Composition 4 per ltr of water as per following protocol.
Foliar treatment: 12 days after planting and sprayed again at the time of
initiation of flowering and 3rd when fruits are small and in development stage
and
last 4th spray at 8 days prior to harvest.
Qty of water required for per acre foliar spray varied from time to time but
the
dosage of dilution is kept at 4 ml per ltr of water.
Drench treatment: 2 ml per ltr of water and 200 ml of Composition 4 per acre,
Drenching done at 10 days after planting and 2nd drench is applied at same
dilution ratio when flowers starts appearing.
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C] Treatment with commercial Inorganic Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer (Coromandel
Gromor Spray Manufactured by Coromandel International Ltd):
Coromandel Gromor commercial fertilizer containing 18.8% Calcium and 15.5%
Nitrogen is used on 1 acre of tomatoes for fresh sale tomatoes at the foliar
dosage
rate of 1.3 gm per ltr of water as per following protocol.
Foliar treatment: 12 days after planting and sprayed again at the time of
initiation of flowering and 3rd when fruits are small and in development stage
and
last 4th spray at 8 days prior to harvest.
Qty of water required for per acre foliar spray varied from time to time but
the
dosage of dilution is kept at 1.3m1 per ltr of water.
Drench treatment: 1 gm per ltr of water and 200 gm of Composition 4 per acre,
Drenching done at 10 days after planting and 2nd drench is applied at same
dilution ratio when flowers starts appearing.
The tomatoes are harvested and observed for overripe and deformed tomatoes
after harvest during storage. The results are given in Table 3 below:
Table 3:
Trial on tomatoes for shelf life
Overripe and deformed tomatoes after harvest during storage
2 3 5 7 10 13 16 19
days days days days days days days days
A Untreated 0 3 6 11 20 30 58 69
B Treated with Nano
Bionutrient
Composition 4 of 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 5
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Example 7
C Treated with
Coromandel Gromor
(Inorganic Calcium
Nitrate Fertilizer ¨
N15.5% and
Ca 1 8.8% spray Mfd
by -Coromandel
International Ltd) 0 0 3 6 10 18 29 40
From above Table 3, it is observed that, the treatment of tomato fruits with
present Nanobionutrient fertilizer (Composition 4 of Example 7) has shown very
less numbers of overripe and deformed tomato fruits during storage compared to
untreated and Coromandel Gromor (Inorganic Calcium Nitrate Fertilizer) treated
tomato fruits.
The percentages (%) of Overripe and deformed tomatoes over other treatments
after 19 days of storage are given in Table 4 below:
Table 4:
Control Nanobionutrient
Coromandel Gromor
fertilizer of
(Calcium Nitrate Ca
present invention 15.5% and N 15.5%)
(Composition 4 of
Example 7)
Overripe and deformed 69 5 40
tomatoes over other
treatments after 19 days
of storage
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% Overripe and deformed 5/69 = 7.2% NA 5/40= 12.5%
tomatoes over other
treatments after 19 days
of storage
From above Table 4, it is observed that, the Nanobionutrient fertilizer has
shown
1] 7.2% (5/69) of overripe and deformed tomatoes when compared to untreated
and
2] 12.5% (5/40) of overripe and deformed tomatoes when compared to calcium
nitrate fertilizer (Coromandel Gromor) treated tomatoes
From above Table 3 and Table 4, it can be concluded that, the shelf life of
tomato
fruits treated with Nano Bionutrients fertilizer was comparatively much better
than untreated and Inorganic Calcium nitrate fertilizer (Coromandel Gromor)
treated tomatoes.
Example 12: Effect of NanoBionutrients Fertilizer Composition 4 of Example
7 on Shelf life of fruits in comparison with Organically Chelated EDTA based
Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal from Aries Agro Ltd)
A] Untreated control:
Plain water spray and plain water drench is done at the corresponding time
when
the other two treatments are done.
B] Treatment with Composition 4:
NanoBionutrient Composition 4 of Example 7 (containing 6% biocomplexed
Calcium, 28% peptides, 5% Organic Nitrogen, 0.1% Magnesium and additives) is
used on 1 acre of tomatoes for fresh sale tomatoes at the foliar dosage rate
of 4 ml
of Composition 4 per ltr of water as per following protocol.
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Foliar treatment: 12 days after planting and sprayed again at the time of
initiation of flowering and Yd when fruits are small and in development stage
and
last 4th spray at 8 days prior to harvest.
Qty of water required for per acre foliar spray varied from time to time but
the
dosage of dilution is kept at 4m1 per ltr of water.
Drench treatment: 2 ml per ltr of water and 200 ml of Composition 4 per acre,
Drenching done at 10 days after planting and 2nd drench is applied at same
dilution ratio when flowers starts appearing.
C] Treatment with Organically Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer
(ChelaCal from Aries Agro Ltd):
Organically chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (Chelacal) containing 10%
Calcium is used on 1 acre of tomatoes for fresh sale tomatoes at the foliar
dosage
rate of 1 gm per ltr of water as per following protocol.
Foliar treatment: 12 days after planting and sprayed again at the time of
initiation of flowering and 3rd when fruits are small and in development stage
and
last 4th spray at 8 days prior to harvest.
Qty of water required for per acre foliar spray varied from time to time but
the
dosage of dilution is kept at lgm per ltr of water.
Drench treatment: 1 gm per ltr of water and 200 gm of Composition 4 per acre,
Drenching done at 10 days after planting and 2nd drench is applied at same
dilution ratio when flowers starts appearing.
The tomatoes are harvested and observed for deformed tomatoes after harvest
during storage. The results are given in Table 5 below.
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Table 5:
Trial on tomatoes for shelf life
Overripe and deformed tomatoes after harvest during
storage
2 3 5 7 10 13 16 19
days days days days days days days days
A Untreated 0 3 6 11 20 30 58 69
B Treated with Nano
BioNutrient
Composition 4 of
Example 7 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 5
C Treated with EDTA
Chelated Calcium 10%
(ChelaCal from Aries
Agro Ltd) 0 0 0 3 7 12 15 18
From above Table 5, it is observed that, the treatment with present
NanoBionutrient fertilizer (Composition 4 of Example 7) has shown very less
numbers of overripe and deformed tomato fruits during storage compared to
untreated and Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal).
The percentages (%) of Overripe and deformed tomatoes over other treatments
after 19 days of storage are given in Table 6 below:
Table 6:
Control NanoBionutrient Chelated EDTA
fertilizer of based
Calcium
present invention fertilizer
(Composition 4 (ChelaCal from
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of Example 7) Aries Agro Ltd.)
Overripe and 69 5 18
deformed tomatoes
over other treatments
after 19 days of
storage
% Overripe and 5/69 = 7.2% NA 5/18= 27%
deformed tomatoes
over other treatments
after 19 days of
storage
From above Table 6, it is observed that, the NanoBionutrient fertilizer has
shown
1] 7.2% (5/69) of overripe and deformed tomatoes when compared to untreated
and
2] 27% (5/18) of overripe and deformed tomatoes when compared to Chelated
EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal).
From above Table 5 and Table 6, it can be concluded that, the shelf life of
tomato
fruits treated with Nano Bionutrients fertilizer was comparatively much better
than untreated and Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal) treated
tomatoes.
Example 13: Effect of NanoBionutrients Fertilizer Composition 4 of Example
7 on reduction in berry cracking in grapes comparison with Organically
Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal from Aries Agro Ltd.)
A] Untreated control:
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Plain water spray on grape berries is done at the corresponding time when the
other two treatments are done.
B] Treatment with Composition 4:
NanoBionutrient Composition 4 of Example 7 (containing 6% biocomplexed
Calcium, 28% peptides, 5% Organic Nitrogen, 0.1% Magnesium and additives) is
used on 1 acre of grapes at the foliar dosage rate of 2 ml of Composition 4
per ltr
of water as per following protocol.
Foliar treatment: 4 applications have been given starting from pea size berry
after every 10-12 days. Qty of water required for per acre foliar spray varied
from
time to time but the dosage of dilution is kept at 2m1 per ltr of water.
C] Treatment with Organically Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer
fChelaCal from Aries Agro Ltd):
Organically chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (Chelacal) containing 10%
Calcium is used on 1 acre of grapes at the foliar dosage rate of 1 gm per ltr
of
water as per following protocol.
Foliar treatment: 4 applications have been given starting from pea size berry
after every 10-12 days. Qty of water required for per acre foliar spray varied
from
time to time but the dosage of dilution is kept at 1 gm per ltr of water.
The incidence of cracked grape berries and percentages (%) reduction of grape
berry cracking over other treatments are given in Table 7 below:
Table 7:
Untreated NanoBionutrient Chelated
EDTA
Control fertilizer of present based
Calcium
invention
fertilizer (ChelaCal
(Composition 4 of from Aries Agro Ltd.)
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Example 7)
Incidence of 37 18 28
cracked grape
berries
% reduction of NA 51% 24%
grape berry
cracking over
control
From above Table 7, it can be concluded that, the incidence of cracking of
grapes
berries is less when treated with present NanoBionutrient fertilizer
(Composition
4 of Example 7) as compare to untreated control and Chelated EDTA based
Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal) treated grape berries. Also, the percentage (%)
reduction of cracking of grapes berries is higher when treated with present
NanoBionutrient fertilizer (Composition 4 of Example 7) as compare to
untreated
control and Chelated EDTA based Calcium fertilizer (ChelaCal) treated grape
berries.
33
