Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
TITLE: HIGH-STRENGTH ROAD FOR WAFER RESOURCE REGULATION
SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a high-strength road for water resources
regulation in response to climate change, and more particularly to a high-
strength
high-occupancy road, in which a structural space system having a high strength
is
constructed in an underground in combination with various types of road
pavement or water-permeable pavement or additionally arranged water-permeable
material constructed on a top of the structural space to also feature bearing
of
heavy loading of vehicles.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Due to increasing expansion of cities, with all sorts of man-made facility
being massively built, road areas are continuously increased, resulting in
catchment basins losing the functionality of water retention, leading to a
great
increase of runoff flows on the ground. Traditional roads are not water
permeable and cause massive surface runoff flows. This is one of the major
causes for flooding in the cities, and this, together with the impact caused
by
climate change resulting from global warming, forces all urban areas to
encounter
an increased strain for flooding prevention. In addition, the traditional ways
of
flood control often place emphasis on flood control of points and lines by
building
up various facilities of large- and small-sized dams and drainage ditches.
Extreme weather often causes sudden strong precipitation, and the traditional
roads and drainage ditches are incapable of handling in-city flooding
resulting
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from the strong precipitation and large-area water accumulation or even large-
area
flooding may thus result due to poor drainage in the large area. The
traditional
flood control standard and the road construction standard and concept are far
less
than necessity for handling climate change.
The traditional roads isolate the natural circulation of water and air between
the ground surface and the underground, making the underground of the road
areas
becoming an ecological dessert devoid of water and oxygen. The traditional
roads place emphasis on traveling of heavy vehicles thereon and thus have to
have
a compacted road base and an arrangement of drainage ditch, resulting in a
disadvantage that the road base is not allow to contain water and is not
allowed to
store water therein. Consequently, the traditional roads, either general roads
or
water-permeable pavement roads, or even high-occupancy high-flow public roads
must have a compacted road base and have to have the road base or road bed
enclosed to prevent rainwater from invading into the road bed or road base in
order to avoid softening and collapsing of the road base due to soaking in
water,
which may result in casualty loss of public security persons.
As a result, the traditional water-permeable pavement road must prevent
rainwater from penetrating into the road bed or road base, not allowing the
rainwater to invade into the road bed. Thus, drainage facility must be built
up to
drain rainwater through the drainage ditches, and it becomes very pity for not
keeping the water resources, which are precious. Thus, a novel road that
features
water permeability and constructs a high-strength water storage space building
underground is proposed for an effect of water retention.
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Concerning the water permeability function and the water storage function of
the traditional roads, the traditional roads are incapable of full water
permeability
and are also incapable of full water storage, and may cause massive surface
runoff
flows, this being one major cause for in-city flooding.
To fight against the global warming in order to reduce the loading of the
environment and the negative impacts caused thereby, low-impact development
techniques have been made popularized, yet a concern about whether the
popularization of the low-impact techniques over more than two decades is
partly
imperfect emerges, particularly flooding or drought, and influences resulting
from
extreme climate caused by global warming seemingly getting even worse
sometimes. Maintenance costs for popularizing the low-impact techniques are
very high, and in this concern, one that is sustainable, economic and easy to
maintain is the best condition of perfection and attraction, and among others,
a
construction concept of a sponge city is a novel planned city construction in
which
functions of flood prevention and waterlogging prevention in combination with
ecology and environmental protection is built in the city. For example,
building a
water-permeable road to replace a non-water-permeable road in order to absorb
water, store water, and seeps water during raining, and also to set up water
banks
underground in parks and squares to store water therein. In drought and hot
weather, water moisture can be released to alleviate the heat island effect
and
prevents situations of global warming. With respect to the making and
materials
of a sponge city, the water permeability function of water-permeable bricks
and
the water storage function of the water banks are generally incapable of
carrying
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heavy loads and cannot be sustainably secured and reliable to resist damages
resulting from by for example shaking caused by earthquakes or pressurizing
caused by heavy vehicle running on the road surface, and are only usable in
building sites, such as sidewalks, parks, and squares, where the heavy
vehicles are
not allowed, in order to avoid public security concerns resulting from
collapsing
caused by pressurizing and running of heavy vehicles. And, there is still a
need
to build up drainage ditches at two sides of the road in order to drain off
the
rainwater falling on the ground surface. Thus, the urban drainage ditches may
easily result in environmental pollution and may be easily jammed, and it is
not
easy to maintain and keep clean. The draining openings of the drainage
ditches,
once jammed by garbage, becomes visually unaesthetic for the outside
appearance
thereof.
In view of the above, in response to and collaborating with the construction
of various water-permeable pavement on the ground surface, to effectively
achieve
effective storage and reuse of rainwater directed down into the underground,
the
present invention aims to provide a high-occupancy road that features
interconnection between ground surface and underground and supportability of
repeated running and pressurizing of heavy vehicles of tens of tons or hundred
tons to achieve a system formwork space of a ground surface and underground
co-constructed structural space to generate a water storage and water drainage
system
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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a high-strength
road for a water resource regulation system in response to climate change,
which
comprises a hollow unit body subjected to grouting with concrete grout and
combining through solidification thereof to form an underground structural
space,
with a permeable pavement or regular concrete or asphalt laid on a top of the
space, wherein the underground structural space is buried underground for
water
storage and water drainage to serve an underground dam of a road base of
man-made road and also featuring functions of rivers and drainage ditches, so
that
with water so stored, the water resources can be effectively supplied on site
for
easy retrieval and reuse to respond to the possibility of occurrence of
vehicle
traveling on the ground surface to induce heavy loading and the occurrence of
rainwater washing out and prevention of flooding and droughts. The
high-occupancy high-strength underground structural space mainly comprises a
strengthened concrete supporting pillar formed in the system formwork to
improve the strength for high-occupancy loading and pressurizing bearing
capacity of the road to prevent breaking of the road by heavy vehicles
traveling
thereon.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a high-strength road
for a water resource regulation system in response to climate change, which is
a
system formwork space water storage and water drainage system that is
applicable
to building of roads, airports, parks, squares, and parking lots, and is a
high-occupancy pavement resisting heavy loading and supporting repeated
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pressurizing and running by heavy vehicles of tens of tons of hundred tons,
and is
also capable of co-construction of structural space of ground surface and
underground.
To achieve the above objectives a high-strength road for a water resource
regulation system in response to climate change designed according to the
present
invention comprises an underground structural space formed by combining a
structural formwork of a hollow unit body by means of grouting and solidifying
concrete grout, and a pavement laid on a top of the underground structural
space,
characterized in that the hollow unit body comprises at least one structural
formwork and a plurality of side slabs combined with each other; a plate is
disposed on an upper surface of the structural formwork, the plate being
provided
with a through hole and at least one through pipe, wherein the structural
formwork
and the side slabs are combined together and laid, and then concrete grout is
grouted into and solidifies in the through pipe of the structural formwork to
form
an underground structural space with a high support strength, a water
resources
regulation road having a water storage and drainage system.
In an embodiment, the hollow unit body is constructed by combining two,
upper and lower, structural formworks and four side slabs, the upper and lower
structural formworks being provided with a plate on an upper surface, the
plate
being provided with through holes and at least one through pipe, tenons and
mortises, which correspond to each other, being formed in a periphery of the
plate
of the upper and lower structural founworks to allow the upper and lower
structural formworks of two adjacent unit bodies to joint to each other by
means of
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tenon and mortise joints., in the side slabs, the slabs are formed with the
through
holes and are provided, in locations of a side edge, with snap fastening
structures
for the side slabs to fast attach, through snap engagement, to outsides of the
upper
and lower structural formworks to thereby form a hollow body; concrete grout
is
grouted on outside of the hollow unit body, and when the upper and lower
structural formworks are combined, the upper-side and lower-side through pipes
are connected to form a hollow formwork grouting channel, and concrete grout
is
grouted into the hollow grouting channel to form an underground structural
space
system of high support strength.
In another embodiment, outside of the hollow unit body is covered with
nonwoven fabric to carry out back-filling of soil or grouting of concrete
grout.
Effective advantages of the present invention are that heavy rain, when
falling on a road surface, can be collected by means of various types of
permeable
pavement or water passage pipe to direct rainwater into underground, and is
stored
in the high-strength structural formwork structural space buried underground,
so
as to not only effectively prevent chance of flooding occurring on the
surface, but
also serving for re-supplementing the underground water resources to allow the
rainwater to be stored and recovered for subsequent reuse.
Other features of the present invention and embodiments will be described in
detail with reference to the attached drawings for better understanding.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a high-strength road according to the
present invention.
FIG 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing a partial structure of the
present invention.
FIG 3 is an exploded view showing a structure of a hollow unit body
according to the present invention.
FIG 4 is a perspective view of FIG 3 in an assembled formed.
FIG 4a is an enlarged schematic view showing a partial structure of FIG 4
according to the present invention.
FIG 5 is a schematic view showing structural formworks mutually jointed
and expanded according to the present invention.
FIG 5a is an enlarged schematic view showing a partial structure of FIG 5
according to the present invention.
FIG 6 is a schematic view showing laying nonwoven fabric on top of a
through pipe according to the present invention before a grouting operation is
carried out.
FIG 7 is a schematic view showing arrangement of hollow tubular pillars
beside the through pipe of the formwork according to the present invention.
FIG 8 is a schematic view showing the present invention combined with
water-permeable asphalt road surface.
FIG 9 is a schematic view showing a high-strength road after completion of
filling concrete grout in the through pipe according to the present invention.
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FIG 10 is a schematic view showing water drainage of an underground space
according to the present invention.
FIG 11 is a schematic view showing preparation of a grouting operation of
concrete grout after through pipes are connected in cascade in an arrangement
of
hollow unit bodies stacked in an upper-lower fashion according to the present
invention.
FIG 12 is a schematic exploded view showing a structure of an upper hollow
unit body according to the present invention.
FIG 13 is a schematic view a side slab arranged and backing under the
hollow unit body structural formwork according to the present invention.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the present invention provides an underground
structural space 30 formed by grouting concrete grout on a hollow unit body
30a
to solidify and combine therewith, and a permeable pavement 10 laid on the
structural space. One technical solution of the permeable pavement 10 includes
a
permeable pavement structure proposed early by the present inventor, including
a
water passage pipe 10a or a water passage hole formed through drilling for
quickly directing surface rainwater to accumulate in the underground
structural
space water storage and drainage system of high support strength according to
the
present invention.
Gravel grading 20 is laid under the permeable pavement 10 to quickly
receive the rainwater penetrates down from the road surface through the
permeable pavement 10 to get into the system facility of the underground space
30
to prevent occurrence of flooding.
Referring to FIGS. 3,4, and 4a, the hollow unit body 30a of the present
invention comprises a structural formwork 31 and a plurality of side slabs 32
combined together. A plate 312 is arranged on an upper surface of the
structural
formwork 31, and the plate 312 is provided with through holes 311 and at least
one through pipe 33. The plate 312 is formed with recessed portions 313. The
structural formwork 31 and the side slabs 32 are combined together to form a
hollow unit body, which is laid on a road base, followed by grouting concrete
grout into the through pipe 33 to form, after solidified, an underground
structural
space system having a high support strength.
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Referring to FIGS. 5, 5a, and 6, a plurality of corresponding tenons 317 and
mortises 318 are formed on a periphery of the plate 312 of the structural
formwork
31, so that the structural formworks 31 of two adjacent hollow unit body can
be
joined together by means of tenon and mortise joints.
Referring to FIG 3, the side slab 32 is formed with through holes 321 to
allow for water entry from side surfaces of the hollow unit body 30a and is
also
provided, at locations corresponding to an edge of the structural formwork 31
in
which snap notches 319 are formed, with snap fastening structures. In the
drawing, the snap fastening structure is provided as a hooking barb 322 to
allow
the side slab 32 to fast connect, through snap engagement, to an outside of
the
structural formwork 31 of each unit body 30a to form a hollow body structure.
Referring to FIG 7, the structural formwork 31 is constructed such that in
addition to a through pipe 33 arranged at the center, four hollow tubular
pillars 314
are arranged around a circumference of the through pipe 33, the through pipe
33
or the hollow tubular pillars 314 being preferably arranged to include an
inner wall
having tapering, and also, an end portion of each of the hollow tubular
pillars 314
of the structural formwork 31 being backed with a side slab 32, so that in
case of
an uneven underside or an easily-recessing underside, the backing is
necessary, as
shown in FIG 13, and after being combined and positioned, the side slabs 32
are
disposed on the side surfaces thereof for jointing thereto.
Referring to FIGS. 6, 8, and 9, when the present invention is assembled to
form the hollow unit body 30a, a hollow formwork grouting channel is formed
with the structural formwork 31 on which the through pipe 33 is provided, and
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under the through pipe 33 or the hollow tubular pillars 314, a sand layer 21
is
selectively laid, and if necessary, a concrete layer 22 is bottomed below the
sand
layer 21. If necessary, a reinforcement bar 34 may be selectively disposed in
the
through pipe 33 of the hollow grouting channel, as shown in FIG 8. During
grouting concrete grout into the through pipe 33, an entire structural body of
combination of a plurality of hollow unit bodies 30a is entirely covered, on
an
outside thereof, with nonwoven fabric 30b and concrete grout 302 is
subsequently
grouted into the through holes 301, so that after the concrete gets
solidified, a
supporting pillar formed of the solidified concrete in the hollow grouting
channel
is solidified into a high-strength building body, forming a column structure
similar
to a house structure to shape up and form building body facility as sturdy as
an
underground dam, constructing buried underground and more durable to shaking
and impacting of earthquake and pressurizing of large-sized heavy vehicles
without causing collapse and damage to the road surface, and being easy to
keep
the road surface flat.
It is noted that a conduit 35 may be built in advance in the interior of the
hollow water storage unit body 30a to ease arrangement for line penetration
and
arrangement of lines for water supply, water drainage, electrical wires,
telephone
lines, and optical fiber lines of cable television.
Referring to FIG 9, the present invention provides the underground space 30
formed of the hollow unit body 30a by means of solidifying and combining with
concrete grout poured thereto, and the peimeable pavement 10 or a regular
concrete or asphalt paved on the top of the water storage space. The pavement
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is the permeable pavement road surface formed by laying water-permeable
asphalt, so that rainwater in addition to seeping downward through the
permeable
pavement for draining accumulated water, so as to achieve collection of the
rainwater to be reused through being pumped out by using a water pumping
5 device 37, as shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG 10, the water drainage function of the structural space under
the road surface according to the present invention is arranged, according to
drainage requirement or being close to a river side, to set up an overflow
hole 36
communicating between the underground space 30 of the present invention and
10 the river, for directly discharging when a level of rainwater
penetrating down
through the road surface reaches the overflow hole 36 to fulfill a function
similar
to a drainage ditch under the road surface.
Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, in another embodiment of the present
invention, to increase the high-strength structural space for water storage
and
water drainage under the road surface, the structural formwork of the hollow
unit
body according to the present invention is arranged to stack in an upper-lower
fashion so that the through pipes 33 in the structural formworks 31 of the
hollow
unit body 30a are connected in cascade to form a formwork channel for grouting
of concrete grout, so that the concrete, after grouting, is allowed to
solidify to form
a concrete supporting pillar, while the system formwork is kept on the outside
to
protect the concrete supporting pillar from being invaded by water and also to
protect the concrete against aging caused by oxidation, forming a deeper and
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bigger under-road space high-strength underground water resources regulation
structural space.
As shown in FIG 12, the hollow unit body 30a of the different embodiment
of the present invention is changed to be formed of a combination of two
structural formworks, including an upper structural formwork 31a and a lower
structural formwork 31b and four side slabs 32. When assembled, the upper
structural formwork 31a and the lower structural formwork 3 lb, the two being
of
the same structure, are arranged to stack in an upper-lower and symmetric
fashion,
and the four side slabs 32 are snap fit to the circumferential edges of the
upper
structural formwork 31a and the lower structural formwork 3 lb to joint
together to
form a hollow body having a space.
The present invention provides a system having a high-occupancy
high-strength pressurizing-resistant space under a road surface and also
providing
water storage and water drainage, for achieving an effect of water storage and
water drainage for a large area in a short period of time, featuring
prevention of
probability of occurrence of regional flooding and drought and also allowing
rainwater to slowly penetrate into the underground soil layer to re-supplement
the
underground water resources, and as such, a function of effective and fast
draining
of water on surface in a short period of time and recovery of rainwater and
re-supplementing of underground water is achieved.
From the above, the present invention provides the following practical
advantages:
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(1) A hollow and high-occupancy, high-strength structural underground space
is provided in a road to serve as a water storage, water drainage, and
catastrophe
prevention system, similar to a man-made underground dam and waterway
facility,
which may automatically store water and prevent catastrophe during rainwater
flooding season for supplying to the ground surface with a simple water
pumping
device for fulfilling an environmental protection efficacy through subsequent
repeated reuse and repeated recirculation of rainwater so as to achieve an
effect of
full storage of water and recovery and reuse of rainwater resources.
(2) A jointed underground structural space formed of a structural formwork is
provided, which not only has high porosity and high supporting, but also
features
light weight and small size and high reusability, allowing construction to be
carried out more easily and faster, shortening the construction time, lowering
cost,
and also providing an effect of environmental protection.
(3) Improvement is achieved for inconsistency of traditional roads and water
conservancy constructions and catastrophe prevention and water resources
regulation, and is even good for alleviating the probability of occurrence of
flooding and droughts and the occurrence of public security events of the
traditional roads being easy to collapse.
(4) Surface runoff flow can be improved, and probability of occurrence of
flooding and droughts can be reduced, and underground water resources can be
re-supplemented, so as to not only achieve water retention for base, but also
build
up a reliable and effect sponge city ecological environment.
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(5) The disadvantage of a traditional road base being necessarily compacted
and isolating water and air from naturally circulating can be alleviated to
thereby
provide facility that places more emphasis on catastrophe prevention and
environmental ecology.
(6) Disadvantages of traditional way of using water and water management
only being made in spots (such as water dams) with water supply being not easy
and maintenance being difficulty and cost being high, and disadvantages of
lines
(such as ditches) being necessarily cleaned and maintained, and having
malodors,
mosquitos and insects, cockroaches, mice that cause contamination to the
environment can be alleviated.
In summary, the present invention provides a high-strength road for water
resources regulation in response to climate change, which constructs an
underground water storage and water drainage structural space of efficacy of
underground water resources regulation and use and featuring both underground
space and high supporting, showing a value of use in the industry, and as
such, a
patent application is proposed. However, the above provides only the preferred
embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting
to
the scope of implementation of the present invention. All simple equivalent
variations and modifications that are based on the claims and the contents of
the
specification of the present invention are considered falling in the scope of
the
present invention defined by the claims.
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