Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
132793.9
SHAMPOO COMPOSITIONS
TEC i-l N I CA L F I E LD
The present invention is related to mild, good cleaning
conditioning shampoos which contain a dispersed, non-volatile
silicone phase and are stabilized through the use of certain long
chain materials.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Human hair becomes soiled due to its contact with the
surrounding atmosphere and, to a greater extent, from sebum
secreted by the head. The build-up of the sebum causes the
hair to have a dirty feel and an unattractive appearance. The
soiling of the hair necessitates it being shampooed with frequent
1 5 regularity.
Shampooing the hair cleans by removing excess soil and
sebum. However, the shampooing process has disadvantages in
that the hair is left in a wet, tangled and generally unmanageable
state. A variety of approaches have been developed to alleviate
the after-si ampoo problems. These range from the inclusion of
hair conditioning aids in shampoos to post-shampoo application of
hair condltioners, i.e., hair rinses. Hair rinses typically work
by deposlting a polymeric film or other material onto the hair.
However, such solutions to a very prevalent problem have not
been fully satisfactory. For one thing, hair rinses must be
applied in a separate step following the shampooing, left on the
hair for a length of time, and rinsed with fresh water. This, of
course, is tlme consuming and is not convenient.
While shampoos have been disclosed which contain
conditioning aids, they have not been totally satisfactory for a
varlety of reasons. One problem relates to compatibility problems
between good cleaning anlonlc surfactants and the fatty cationic
agent whlch are good conditioning agents. This caused other
surfactants such as nonionics, amphoterics and zwitterionics to be
. . : . , :, -, :
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examined by workers in the field. Many of these efforts are
reflected in patents issued in the conditioning shampoo area. See
for example U.S. Patent 3,849,348, November 19, 1974 to Hewitt:
U.S. Patent 3,990,991, November 9, 1961 to Gerstein; and U.S.
5 Patent 3,822,312, July 2, 1974 to Sato.
The use of these other surfactants solved many of the
compatibility problems but still did not provide complete answers
in all areas. For instance cationic conditloners may not deliver
the desired level of softness desired by users. Materials which
10 can provide increased softness are silicones, both those which are
soluble as well as insoluble in the shampoo matrix.
Silicones in shampoo compositions have been disclosed in a
number of different publications. Such publications include U . S.
Patent 2,826,551, March 11, 1958 to Geen; U.S. Patent 3,964,500,
15 June 22, 1976 to Drakoff; U.S. Patent 4,364,837, December 21,
1982 to Pader; and British Patent 849,433, September 28, 1960 to
Woolston. While these patents disclose silicone containing com-
positions, they do not provide answers to all of the problems
encountered in making a totally satisfactory product. One
20 problem is that of keeping a dispersed, Insoluble silicone material
suspended and the total product stable. A second problem is
related to making good cleaning, anionic surfactant based
shampoos milder.
An approach which has shown to be beneficial in suspending
25 sillcone material involves the use of long chaim acyl derivatives
and other long chain derivatlves. 5uch an approach is disclosed
in published European Patent Application 0181773, published May
21, 1986,
The present inventors having surprisingly found that by
30 uslng a partlcular combination of alkyl ether sulfate and alkyl
sulfate surfactants, shampoos which are milder than stralght alkyl
sulfate systems and yet lather well can be formed.
It is an object of the present inventlon therefore to provide
a stable sillcone containing conditioning shampoo.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide
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silicone shampoo compositions using anionic surfactants which
lather well while being milder than straight alkyl sulfate sur-
factant systems.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide
5 good cleaning, mild, conditioning, antidandruff shampoos.
It is still a further object of the present irlvention to
provide improved methods for cleaning hair.
These and other objects will become readily apparent from
the detailed description which follows.
Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages and ratios herein
are by weight.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to shampoo compositions
comprising from about 10% to about 40% of a mixture of alkyl ether
15 sulfate and alkyl sulfate surfactants, about 0.01% to about 10.0%
of an insoluble, non-volatile silicone, about 0.5% to about 5.0% of
a certain long chain derivative and water, wherein the molar ratio
of alkyl ether sulfate to alkyl sulfate is from about 3:2 to about
6:1, preferably from about 2.5:1 to about 3.5:1. These as well
20 as optional components are described in detail below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The essential components of the present invention are given
in the followlng paragraphs.
Surfactant
An essentlal component of the present compositions is a
comblnation of surfactants. The surfactant mixture is present at
a level of from about 10 to about 40%, preferably from about 10%
to about 30%, most preferably from about 15% to about 22%.
The surfactants used in the present compositions are
30 ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and alkyl sulfates In a molar weight
ratlo of the former to the latter of from about 3:2 to about 6:1,
preferably from about 2.5:1 to about 3.5:1.
The ethoxylated alkyl sulfates are preferably the sodium,
ammonlum, potassium or triethanolomlne salts of sulfuric acid
,~ ~: ........ . . .. .. .
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esters of the reaction product of one mole of higher alcohols
~e.g. C8-C18 carbon atoms, linear as well as branched) and one
to eight moles of ethylene oxide.
The alkyl sulfates can be exemplified by those prepared by
5 sulfating the higher fatty alcohols (C8-C18 carbon atoms) and
forming the sodium, potassium, ammonium, or triethanolomine salt.
Specific preferred alkyl sulfates and ethoxylated alkyl
sulfates are ammonium lauryl sulfate and ammonium
laureth-3-sulfate.
10 Non-Volatile Silicone Fluid
Silicone fluids are a suitable non-volatile silicone that may be
used in the present compositions.
The non-volatile silicone fluid may be either a polyalkyl
siloxane, a polyaryl siloxane, a polyalkylaryl siloxane or a poly-
15 ether siloxane copolymer and is present at a level of from about0 . 01% to about 10~ preferably from about 0 . 5% to about 3~ .
Mixtures of these fluids may also be used and are preferred in
certain executions. The dispersed silicone particles should also
be insoluble in the shampoo matrix. This is the meaning of
20 insoluble as used hereinbefore and hereinafter.
The essentially non-volatile polyalkyl siloxane fluids that may
be used include, for example, polydimethyl siloxanes with vis-
cosities ranging from about 5 to 600,000 centistokes at 25C.
These slloxanes are available, for example, from the General
25 Electric Company as the Viscasil series and from Dow Corning as
the Dow Cornlng~ 200 series. The viscosity can be measured by
means of a glass capillary viscometer as set forth in Dow Corning
Corporate Test Method CTM0004, July 20, 1 g70. Preferably the
viscoslty ranges from about 350 centistokes to ,about 100,000
30 centlstokes.
The essentlally non-volatile polyalkylaryl siloxane fluids that
may be used Include, for example, polymethylphenylsiloxanes
having vlscositles of about 15 to 30,000 centlstokes at 25C.
These siloxanes are available, for example, from the General
35 Electric Company as SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluld or from Dow
Corning as 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid.
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s
The essentially non-volatile polyether siloxane copolymer that may be
used is, for example, a polypropylene oxide modified dimethylpolysiloxane (e.g.,Dow Corning DC-1248) although ethylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and
5 propylene oxide may also be used.
References disclosing suitable silicone fluids include the previously
mentioned U.S. Patent 2~826.551 to Geen; U.S. Patent 3.964 500. June 22. 1976
to Drakoff; U.S. Patent 4,364.837 to Pader and British Patent 849.433 to
Woolston. The publication Silicon Compounds distributed by Petrarch Systems,
10 Inc., 1984, also provides a very good listing of suitable silicone materials.Another silicone material found especially useful in the present
compositions to provide good dry combing is a silicon gum. Silicone gums
described by Petrarch and others including U.S. Patent 4.152.416 Mav 1~ 1979 to
Spitzer, et al. and Noll, Walter, Chemistry and Technolo~,r of Silicones, New
5 York: Academic Press 1968. Also describing silicone gums are General Electric
Silicone Rubber Product Data Sheets SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76. "Silicone
gum" materials denote high molecular weight polydiorganosiloxanes having a mass
molecular weight of from about 200,000 to about 1,000,000. Specific examples
include polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane)(methylvinylsiloxane)
2 o copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane)(diphenyl)(methyl-vinylsiloxane) copolymer and
mixtures thereof.
Lon~ Chain Derivative Suspendin~ A~ent
The suspending agent useful in the present compositions can be any of
several long chain acyl derivative materials or mixtures of such materials.
25 Included are ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids having from about 16 to about
22 carbon atoms. Preferred are the ethylene glycol stearatese, both mono and
distearate, but particularly the distearate containing less than about 7% of themono stearate. Other suspending agents found useful are alkanol amides of fatty
acids, having from about 16 to about 22 carbon
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132793~
atoms, preferably about 16 to 18 carbon` atoms. Preferred alkanol
amides are stearic monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide,
stearic monoisopropanolamide and stearic monoethanoiamide
stearate. Other long chain acyl derivatives include long chain
5 esters of long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearyl stearate, cetyl
palmitate, etc); glyceryl esters (e.g., glyceryl distearate) and
long chain esters of long chain alkanol amides (e.g., stearamide
DEA distearate).
Still other suitable suspending agents are alkyl (C16 22)
10 dimethyl amine oxides such as stearyl dimethyl amine oxide. If
the compositions contain an amine oxide or a long chain acyl
derivative as a surfactant the suspending function could also be
provided and addltional suspending agent may not be needed if
the level of those materials are at least the minimum level given
1 5 below.
The suspending agent is present at a level of from about
0 . 50~ to about 5 . 0%, preferably from about 0 . 5% to about 3 . 0~ .
The suspending agent serves to assist in suspending the silicone
material and may give pearlescence to the product. Mixtures of
20 suspending agents are also suitable ~or use in the compositions of
this invention.
Water
Water is the last essential component of the present invention
and forms the remainder of the composition. It is generally
25 present at a level of from about 20% to about 95%, preferably from
about 60% to about 85%.
Optional Components
The shampoos herein can contain a variety of non-essential
optlonal components suitable for rendering such compositions more
30 acceptable. Such conventional optional ingredlents are well known
to those skilled In the art, e.g., preservatives such as benzyl
alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and Imidazolidinyl urea;
catlonlc surfactants such as cetyl trlmethyl ammonium chloride,
lauryl trlmethyl ammonium chlorlde, tricetyl methyl ammonium
35 chloride, stearyldimethyl benzyl ammonlum chlorlde, and
dl(partlally hydrogenated tallow) dimethylammonium chloride;
, . .: . . . :
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7 1327939
thickeners and viscosity modifiers such as a diethanolamide of a long chain fatty
acid (e.g., PEG 3 lauramide), block polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene
oxide such as Pluronic~ F88 offered by 13ASF Wyandotte, ammonium xylene
sulfonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol; pH
adjusting agents such as citric acid, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium
hydroxide, sodium carbonate, etc.; perfumes; dyes; and, sequestering agents suchas disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. Such agents generally are used
individually at a level of from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably from about
0.5% to about 5.0% by weight of the composition.
Another optional component is an additional surfactant used in
combination with the alkyl sulfate/ethoxylated alkyl sulfate mixture. Included
among optional surfactants are the sodium alkyl glyce~yl ether sulfonates; the
reaction product of fatty acids having from 10 to æ carbon atoms esterified withisethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide; water soluble salts of
condensation products of fatty acids with sarcosine; among several others. The
optional surfactants, collectively, can be used in any amount (molar amount) up
to the molar amount of the alkyl sulfate ethoxylated alkyl sulfate blend.
Still another optional component of the present invention is an
antidandruff agent. Suitable agents include sulfur, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid,
zinc pyridinethione, other 1-hydroxy pyridones, such as those disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 4,185,106, Jan. 22, 1980 to Dittmar et al, and azole antimycotics,
disclosed in British Patent No. 1,502,144, Feb. 22, 1978, among many others. Theantidandruff agent is present at a level of from about 0.2% to about 4%.
Zinc pyridinethione is the preferred agent, particularly where its salt
crystals are predominantly flat platelets which have a mean sphericity less thanabout 0.65 preferably between about 0.20 and about 0.65, and a median particle
diameter of at least about 2~, expressed as the diameter of a sphere of equivalent
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1327~
volume. It is preferred that the median particie diameter not be
greater than about 151l, expressed on the same basis.
The diameter of a sphere of equivalent volume, dv, for a
particle can be determined by a variety of sedimentatlon tech-
niques which are based on Stokes' Law for the settling velocity of
a particle in a fluid. Such techniques are described in Stockham,
J.D. and Fochtman, E.G., "Particle Size Analysis", Ann Arbor
Science, 1978.
The sphericity of a particle is also described by Stockham
and Fochtman at page 113 as
~ dV~
~ = ---1
ds J
where dv Is the dlameter of a sphere of equlvalent volume, supra,
and ds Is the dlameter of a sphere of equlvalent area. A
technlque for determlning d5 is the BET technique descrlbed by
Stockham and Fochtman at page 122.
Slnce the sphericity of interest hereln Is the mean spherl-
clty, the mean dlameters are employed.
Other optlonal components Include other suspendlng agents
such as xanthan gum at a level of from about 0 . 2% to about 5~
and shorter chaln amides such as mono and dlethanolamldes of
fatty aclds havlng from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms
commonly used In shampoos. Preferred are coconut monoethan-
alamlde, laurlc dlethanolamlde and mlxtures thereof at a level of
from about 1~ to about 5~.
The pH of the present composltlon Is not crltical and may be
In the range of from 2 to about 10.
METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
The shampoos of the present Inventlon can be made by
mlxlng a portlon of the sur-actant blond, the suspendlng agent
and tho sillcone together and heatlng to about 72C, Tho mlxture
Is mlxed thoroughly for about 10 mlnutes at the 72C tomperature
beforo belng pumped through a hlgh shear mlll and thon through
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a heat exchanger to cool it to below about 35C. The remainder
of the composition is added at this time and the total composition
mixed .
The high shear mill is used to achieve adequate dispersion of
5 the silicone fluid. This is achieved by having the average
particle size of the silicones preferably be about 10 microns or
less .
In the cooling step the acyl derivative is preferably
crystallized into particles having an average particle size of about
10 10 microns or less.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The present compositions are used in a conventional manner
for cleaning hair. From about 0.1g to about 10g of a composition
is applied to hair that has been wetted generally with water
1S worked through the hair and then rinsed out.
The following Examples further describe and demonstrate the
preferred embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
The Examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and
are not to be construed as limitations of the present inventiGn as
20 many variations thereof are possible without departing from its
spirit and scope.
EXAMPLES l-VI I
The following are compositions representative of the present
Invention. Weight ~
Component _ I l l l l l IV V Vl Vl l
Water qs to 100% -
Ammonlum Laureth-3
Sulfate (28%) 50.5 50.538.6 50.5 50.5 25.241.6
Ammonium Lauryl
Sulfate ~25%) 12.6 12.69.6 25.2 6.3 12.610.4
Cocomide MEA 3.0 3 0 3.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 2.0
Glycol Dlstearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 5.0 3.0
Dlmethicone1 1.0 1.01.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 1.0
Sodium Cocoyl
I sethionate (85%) - - 4.7 _ _ 9.4
Zinc Pyrithlone (25~) - 4.0 4.0 - - - 4.0
;
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-- 1 o --
Sodium Cocogylceryl
Ether Sulfonate 150~) - - - - - - 6.0
Color, preservative,
pH control, viscosity
S control, others qs qs qs qs qs qs qs
pH, + 0.2 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.5 7.0 4.56.0
AES/AS Ratio 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:2 6:1 3:23:1
1 Dimethicone having viscosity of 106 cps
The above compositions are both mild and lather well.
In the above compositions other surfactants such as sodium
myreth-3 sulfate or TEA laureth-2 sulfate may be used in place of -
ammonium laureth-3 sulfate. Similarly, sodium myristyl sulfate or
15 TEA lauryl sulfate may be used in place of ammonium lauryl
sulfate. Additionally, other silicones may be used in place of the
material shown such as lower or higher viscosities.
20 WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
.
