Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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This invention relstes to an apparatus ~-~
for reducing the content of toxic gases expelled from internal
combustion engines. -
It is known that automotive vehicles in
general, constitute air contaminants due to the gases resulting
from the combustion of different fuels and which are liberated
through the exhaust pipes of the engine.
As it is obvious, this problem becomed
increased in the great cities wherein the number of moving
vehicles is great, the problem being aggravated by the fact
that the buildings surrounding the streets prevent a proper
vontll~tlon.
The above mentioned very serious problem
has direct and the detractfull effects on healter of the
population, and has led authorities to intensely seek a solu-
tion to the ambiental pollution although up to the present,
only with irrelevant results. The apparatus of the present
invention provides a simple but efficient solution for
reducing in an spectacular manner the contents of toxic gases -~
from the exhaust of automotives, and has as one of its salient
characteristics a structural simplicity, as will be appreciated
from the following description of the improvements the
proposed apparatus incorporates:
a) eliminates a great percentage of carbon monoxyde from the
combustion gases;
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b) uses the exhaust gases to gasify the fuel before combus-
tion;
c) is of simple construction;
d) does not need maintenance and its emplacement does not need
to modify any part of the engine;
e) the water circuit is eliminated from the cylinder head to
generate part of the vaporization of the liquid fuel;
f) when being gasified, the combustion of the fuel becomes
total;
g) a controlled richness of the carburant mixture becomes
assured;
h) it does not occupy important volumes of space in the engine.
In fact, the above are only some of the -
salient features on the present invention, the description of
which will hereafter be made with reference to the acompanying
drawings, which illustrate the inventions, without limiting
its scope, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a general schematic view of
the several parts that form the proposed apparatus;
Fig. 2 is another schematic view showing
the block and refrigeration of the engine with corresponding
parts of the apparatus.
In these figures the same reference
numbers indicate same or corresponding parts.
As can be seen from the drawings, the
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apparatus for reducing the content of toxic gases expelled
from internal combustion engines of the invention and shown
by generic reference 1, essentially comprises the combination
of a series of devices to evaporate the fuel by heating and,
thereafter, adding it to the carburant admission circuit of
the engine. To this end it comprises two independent and
different circuits, one feeding the fuel for the engine to
start running and which actuates as a primer; while the
second circuit commences to actuate once the engine is
normally running and the primer has ceased to actuate.
Said first circuit starts from the fuel
tank 2 which communicates through a conduit 3 with a cylindrical
chamber 4, which fills up to a certain level with fuel, and
within which there is an air-admission tube 5, the end 5' of
which projects from the chamber and actuates as an air inlet.
In correspondence with this end of the chamber there is
another tube 6 which communicates with an ejector nozzle 7
which leads the carburant mixture to the input manifold.
A hose pipe 8 projects from said nozzle
7 to a valve 9 comprised of a cylindrical body 10 which lodges
a piston 11 controllable by the operator, and that can obturate,
at one position thereof, the outiet of said hose tube 8.
Piston 11 has a longitudinal groove 12, while another hose pipe
13 leading from the feed circuit -which will be hereafter
described in detail- communicates with said body 10.
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From this body 10 starts a conduit 14
which feeds the engine with carburant at low speeds.
Returning to tank 2, a hose tube 15 leads
therefrom to an evaporator 16, consisting of a rigid body,
preferably metallic and cylindrical inshape, which lodges a
floating means 17 that controls the level of the fuel coming
from tank 2, and two internal conduits 18-19 which carry
external air into the fuel, producing a mixture that will
later feed the engine. Said body 16 is placed within a
cylindrical jacket 20, the inner wall of which is defined by
a helicoidal tube 21 which collects the gases from the exhaust
manifold 22. In this manner, said hot gases deliver heat to
the evaporator 16 within jacket 20, before being expelled. The
volatile fuel within body 16 receives said heat and evaporates,
this vapor flowing through hose tube 23 from the evaporator 16
into the feed circuit of the engine.
The above refered body 10 which houses
fuel from tank 2, includes a lower portion forming a kind of
receptacle 16' which defines the level controlled by flsat 17,
and from which a conduit 24 leads liquid fuel to carburetor
25 of the engine, that is provided with a conventional air
filter 26 and a venturi 27 followed by a conduit 28 in which
throttling valve 30 is inserted.
Said conduit 28 leads into conduit 31
for the coolant liquid of the cylinder head 32, so that
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instead of said coolant liquid flowing through tube 31, now
flows therethrough the fuel coming from the carburetor 25 and
hose tube 23 coming from evaporator 16. In this manner the
gasified fuel greatly increases its temperature before
entering the inlet manifold. In fact, the flow of the fuel
through conduit 31 places it in contact with the internal
surfaces of the cylinder head that, as is evident, is at a
very high temperature. At the outlet of conduit 31 the fuel
is completely gasified and overheated any flows through a
conduit 33. Part of this flow is branched out to hose tube
13, but the main portion feeds the input manifold 34.
In order to direct the fuel to the
refrigeratin~ conduit of the cylinder head, a gasket 35 is
placed between the engine block 36 and cylinder head 32,
which seals the water passage apertures leading from the block
to the head, so as to prevent any water mixing with the
carburant that flows through conduit 31.
Considering that a refrigerating source
becomes thus cancelled and to prevent overheating, a pipe coil
37 may be added and connected to the conventional refrigerating
circuit, so as to cool more quickly and efficiently the oil in
the block.
It must be pointed out that jacket 20 and
conduit 31 of head 32 above described, in the first of which
evaporator 16 is inserted, becomes one of the possible manners
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of using the exhaust gases to heat and evaporate the fuel. For
instance, in those engines wherein the cylinder head cannot be
used to this end, an artificial conduit through which the
exhaust gases are made to flow can be added, said gases being
thereafter sent to the evaporator jacket before being expelled.
It must also be pointed out that the
helicoidal tube 21 of jacket 20 starts from the base 20' of
the jacket upwards to the upper part 20" thereof, thus
obtaining an optimum thermal exchange.
From the foregoing description it can be
gathered how the proposed apparatus works.
Once the engine has been started, the
operator should actuate on piston 11 as a primer, such that
the fuel coming from nozzle 7 enters into the feed circuit
through conduit 14. The liquid fuel is subjected to an intense
bubbling which causes it to be volatilized in the container 4,
due to the air injected therein through the tube 5'.
Once the engine reaches working condi-
tions, the operator actuates again on piston 11 to allow for
the preheated and gasified fuel coming from conduit 33 and
tube 13 to feed the engine.
To optimize the efficiency and prevent
fuel feed deficiency, said piston 11 has a longitudinal groove
12 that permits the continuous passage of the indispensable
minimum amount of carburant to the engine at low engine speeds,.
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either from conduit 8 or from tube 13.
Simultaneously, the fuel fills receptacle
16' of the evaporator 16,thus producing two effects: on the
one side the heat exchange between evaporator 16 and jacket
20 through which the exhaust gases flow, heats and wlatilizes
the fuel coming out of the evaporator through conduit 23
towards conduit 31 in the cylinder head; and secondly, the
liquid fuel passes from receptacle 16' through tube 24 towards
carburettor 25, that also feeds conduit 31 at high speeds,
this feed being controlled by throttle valve 30.
Through these two circuits the fuel
mixture reaches conduit 31 of cylinder head 32, wherein it is
subjected to a strong heat exchange with the ambient therein
.and rises its temperature before entering, through conduit 33,
into the admission manifold 34.
In this manner, the carburant absorbs
part of the heat that was previously absorbed by the water,
while if this resource still proves insufficient, an additional
pipe coil 37 may be added for helping to this purpose.
By means of the proposed apparatus, the
exhaust gases of the engine may be thermally used while, in
turn heat and gasifies the carburant, thus re.ducing the toxic
contents from the exhaust gases, to which also is added the
advantage of an optimus combustion.
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