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Sommaire du brevet 2978935 

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(12) Brevet: (11) CA 2978935
(54) Titre français: ENERGIE HYDROELECTRIQUE FONDEE SUR LA COHESION
(54) Titre anglais: COHESION BASED HYDROELECTRIC POWER
Statut: Octroyé
Données bibliographiques
Abrégés

Abrégé français

La présente invention concerne un procédé de production dénergie hydroélectrique basée sur la cohésion qui élimine : - une pression hydrostatique considérable, - une construction de gros barrage, - des préoccupations environnementales et visuelles. La chute verticale dominante à partir de la position habituelle entre lentrée deau et la turbine (conduite forcée) est relocalisée par cette invention entre la turbine et la sortie deau, en utilisant de cette manière les forces de cohésion de leau dans des tuyaux de cohésion positionnés après la turbine, ce qui permet une augmentation considérable de la vitesse de leau dans la conduite forcée. Une augmentation de la production dénergie à plusieurs niveaux est obtenue avec une absorption réduite du volume deau. Cette invention réduit considérablement le temps et les exigences financières dune nouvelle construction de centrale hydroélectrique renouvelable. Des centrales hydroélectriques peuvent être construites à des emplacements précédemment considérés comme non appropriés, où lalimentation en eau est limitée, mais toujours satisfaisante. La valorisation de centrales hydroélectriques existantes (endiguées, pompées, ROR, etc.), ou des barrages non alimentés, est possible pour augmenter la capacité de production tout en réduisant lexigence en volume deau et limpact environnemental.


Abrégé anglais

COHESION BASED HYDROELECTRIC POWER invention represents generation method eliminating: .circle. substantial water-head .circle. large-dam construction .circle. environmental and visual concerns. The dominant vertical drop from the usual position between the water intake and turbine (penstock) is relocated by this invention to between the turbine and the water outflow, utilizing this way water-cohesion-forces in cohesion-pipes positioned after the turbine, allowing substantial - at will - water velocity increase in the penstock. Multiple level energy generation increase is achieved with reduced water volume intake. This invention substantially reduces time and financial requirements of new, renewable hydroelectric-power-station construction. Hydroelectric-stations may be constructed at locations previously considered non- appropriate, where limited - but still satisfactory - water supply is available. Upgrading existing hydroelectric-power-stations (dammed, pumped, ROR, etc.), or non-powered dams is possible to increase generating capacity while reducing water volume requirement and environmental impact.

Revendications

Note : Les revendications sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.


The Embodiments Of The Invention In Which An
Exclusive Property Or Privilege Is Claimed Are
Defined As Follows:
1. A hydropower system comprising:
- a standing, or running water source at any elevation above sea level;
- a penstock which delivers the water to a high-speed waterflow turbine;
- an outflow pipe system composed of multiple pipes called cohesion pipe
system,
wherein an acting vertical drop to generate gravity induced kinetic energy of
the
water is downstream of the turbine, thereby creating siphoning effect on the
water
in the pipes due to molecular cohesion forces;
- control valves that are installed on each of the cohesion pipes.
2. The hydropower system of Claim 1, wherein the outflow pipe (cohesion pipe)
system
is composed of multiple pipes.
3. The hydropower system of Claim 1 and Claim 2 where the control valves allow
at will
adjustment, increase or decrease the speed and volume of the waterflow to the
turbine to satisfy at any given time the fluctuating electric power generation
level
requirement of the market.
4. The hydropower system of Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim 3 further comprising
of
degassing valves located at vertically high points of the system allowing
release of
gasses accumulated in the system during regular operation back to the
environment
and reducing the level of the damage caused on the turbine blades by the usual

cavitation and will also keep the effectiveness of the cohesion pipe system
constant.
Page 12.

Description

Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.


COHESION BASED HYDROELECTRIC
POWER
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention provides a new and improved electric power generation method in
hydroelectric and hydrokinetic area, specifically in the following fields:
A/ PHYSICS
This invention makes it possible to control (increase or decrease) the
velocity
(SPEED) of the water in the penstock. Therefore, substantially increasing the
kinetic
energy of water when it hits the turbine blades, while reducing the water
volume
1.0 requirement.
B/ ENVIRONMENT
This invention makes it possible to build new electric power generating
stations that
are more environmental friendly, green, renewable and sustainable. This
invention
substantially reduces carbon emission created by electric power generation,
and
eliminates a number of existing interference with the environment (visual or
otherwise)
C/ ECONOMICS
This invention substantially reduces the time-, and financial investment
requirements
for the construction of new, or upgrading existing electric power generation
stations.
Background Of The Invention
The power of moving water is utilized in mankind's history for more than 2,000
years
for various purposes. In our times, traditional hydroelectric power generation
stations
produce electricity from at least one of the following two properties of
water:
- POTENTIAL ENERGY (vertically higher location of the water, i.e. behind dams,
etc.)
and/or ...
- KINETIC ENERGY (the naturally happening flow of water, as in rivers,
streams, etc.)
In either case, the technologically available, ONLY possibility, to control at
will the
generated electric power level (kWh) - in order to satisfy the varying power
need and
requirement of the grid, is:
- CHANGING (increase or decrease) the WATER VOLUME that hits the turbine!
This limitation is a major reason of multiple problems with the currently
available hydro
generation technologies.
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35 Description Of Prior Art
It is common in the current hydroelectric power generating technology fields
(be it
either small, or large-scale operation) that the entire operational technology
is
comprised of only a few functional elements that can be defined as per the
following:
(starting from the point where the water enters the system, all the way to the
point
40 where the water leaves the system and returns to the environment:
- Water source: can be behind a large dam, or a river, pond, etc. with
proper
vertical location - called the "water head".
- Water intake (penstock): usually long in size to allow the potential
energy of the
water turn into kinetic energy which drives the turbine.
45 - Turbine: located at the end of the penstock. This is the most
critical component
of the system, as turbine efficacy determines the efficiency of the entire
system.
- Water-outflow: located right after the turbine, it is similar to the
penstock, but
usually much shorter in size. The ONLY function of the water-outflow is to
return the water to the environment.
50 One of the most fundamental requirement of any power generating station
is to be
able to supply steady, but varying level of electric power to the grid. Stable
and
sufficient water volume availability is a must to fulfill the stable power
supplying
expectation.
One of the most important input requirement is water volume for existing
hydroelectric
55 power stations to be able to produce the ever-changing power level
(kWh). Changing
WATER VOLUME is the ONLY, technologically possible way currently to increase
or
decrease the level of the generated electric power.
The limited ability to control energy output is the major problem with wind,
and solar
electric power generation methods, as well. (Wind-blow fluctuates all the
time, and sun
60 is not shining enough in winter when the electric power need is the
largest)
Speaking about hydroelectricity, changing the SPEED of the water in the
penstock,
before it hits the turbine ¨ would be a much more effective way to control the
electric
power output.
Changing speed of water by current technology is only possible by increasing
the
65 water head ¨ which is rarely an available option.
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70 Summary Of The Effects Of The Invention
The purpose of this invention is to introduce a method of at will control of
the SPEED
of water (increase, or decrease) in hydroelectric power generation
technologies.
As previously pointed out in this document, the currently aplied method of
utilizing the
potential energy of water in larger hydroelectric stations has its limiting
effect due to
75 the fact that generated electric power output can be varied only by
controlling the
water volume hitting the turbine.
The other method to effectively control the electric power output would be
varying the speed of the water when it hits the turbine.
As we know, the equation of kinetic energy is: E = (m * V2) / 2
80 Where "m" is the volume (mass), and "V" is the speed (velocity) of the
water.
Therefore, double water volume will generate:
- DOUBLE ENERGY
But ... if we double the SPEED of the water ¨ which also will draw double
volume of
85 water in the same penstock (with the same cross-section surface), then
we generate:
- EIGHT TIMES MORE ENERGY
Increasing the speed of water - apart from generating substantially more
energy -will
have numerous, very positive side effects, as well ¨ just to mention but a
few:
90 - No need to build large water dams
o Huge savings in the required financial investment
o Much reduced construction times and costs
o Amortisation of investment is shorter, so cost effectiveness increased
o Will not be necessary to flood enormous large land area
95 o No huge water reservoir, therefore no CO2 emission by the reservoir
o Zero greenhouse gas and/or atmospheric containment emission during
operation
o Fully controlled waterflow (both: volume and speed) ensuring additional
environment protection
100 o Will not be necessary to relocate local residents, entire villages
o We will not change the ecosystem neither up-, nor down stream
o Can be utilized at existing, non-powered dams to generate electricity
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105 - New potential locations will be identified for hydroelectric power
generation
o Much less stringent natural, geographical features required
o No substantial on location, vertical elevation difference required
o Less intrusive for the environment
o Utilizing existing waterf low in a cost effective and environmentally
110 friendly way
= In case of ROR: only minimal, partial river-flow diversion needed
as NOT water volume, but water speed is utilized
= ROR needs minimum 2m/sec water speed for economical
operation. Optimal water speed is at 4.5 m/sec.
115 This invention can produce that water speed easily,
almost at any
location.
o Discrete, or even invisible setting (as all required operational
cornponents can be placed under ground)
o Less fiscal investment as new location can be established close to
120 existing powerlines and existing roads
o Less political and/or civil (residential) opposition against new power
stations.
- Operational effects
125 o Maintenance is less costly as the turbine can be positioned at
the same
vertical level where the water source is
o Less costly maintenance as the generator may be installed close to the
turbine
o Station location can be close to inhabited area, less commuting cost
130 o Less transportation cost of equipment and materials needed for
the
power station construction and later for maintenance
o Electric power output (kWh) is fully controlled, fully predictable
Detailed Description Of The Invention
135 After declaring so many great advantages and opportunities, now let's
see how this
invention actually works. First some physics which are the basic functions of
this
invention need to be discussed:
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CA 2978935 2017-09-12

140 - SIPHON EFFECT
Everybody utilizes siphon effect, for example, when we have a drink from a
juice box
by sucking on a straw. In such situation, our juice comes out of its container
because
at one end of the straw we create a vacuum in our mouth, therefore the
atmospheric
pressure on the juice at the other end of the straw will push that liquid
juice up through
145 the straw into our mouth. This kind of siphon effect is based on
atmospheric pressure
difference of the environment at the two ends of any tubing.
Another kind of siphon effect happens when we transfer some liquid from one
container to another container by a tube or pipe. The liquid in the first
container must
move upwards to pass over the wall of its container to get out of there and
continue
150 flowing over into the other container. As long as the tube/pipe is
completely filled with
liquid (no air bubbles), AND the outflow end of the tube is at a vertically
lower position
than the other - intake end - of the tube, the fluid will move from one
container to the
other, even if the fluid has to move upwards somewhere on its way to the other

container.
155 This kind of siphon effect is based on gravity induced molecular
cohesion force within
the liquid, dependent on the vertical level (height) difference + the vertical
weight of
liquid in the downward section of the pipe - "cohesion pipes". The atmospheric

pressure of the environment doesn't have any effect in this case. Cohesion
based
siphon effect works in vacuum as well.
160 We can stretch a rubber item longer, but a liquid is not stretchable ¨
same way as it
is not compressible either!!!
This - so-called - GRAVITY INDUCED MOLECULAR COHESION EFFECT
is the physics background of this invention.
The cohesion force among the molecules of the water will be utilized to
165 substantially change how hydroelectric power generation works.
The easiest way to understand what can be done is to disclose a real-life
imitating,
actual test and its results. A "proof of concept" model was built as shown in
the
attached Figure 1.
170 PROOF OF CONCEPT model with full functionality
As illustrated in Fig.1 . the test model was as simple as it can be. The
entire model,
and the tests were made ¨for simplicity reasons - in full vertical position.
The function
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CA 2978935 2017-09-12

175 and the test results can all be easily checked and repeated, or
reproduced by any
interested party. All parts and components are commercially (retail) available
-
buckets, plastic pipes, taps, etc. The model building and the test does not
require any
workshop, or laboratory setting, and doesn't even cost much.
Having the first visual observation of the model as illustrated in Fig.1., a
basic
180 difference must be recognized, compared to existing, traditional
hydroelectric power
station configurations.
SUBSTANTIAL VERTICAL DROP IS AFTER THE TURBINE, NOT IN FRONT OF IT!!!
185 In other words:
- Dominant vertical drop is NOT between the water source (intake) and
the
turbine,
- Dominant vertical drop is between the turbine and the water outflow.
Water head can be substituted by increasing the total cross-section area of
the
190 cohesion pipes (i.e. larger diameter or number of cohesion pipes.)
PLEASE NOTE:
- During the tests, the turbine (3) was not present in the penstock
(2). In real life
the turbine resistance will somewhat reduce the water speed.
195 - Before each test the entire model was checked to make sure there was
no air
present in the water anywhere in the system
- The time required for 2 liter of water outflow from the upstream
water source (1)
was measured.
- The tests were made as "manual tests".
200 Meaning:
o Observation of the water levels in the upstream water source (1) was
made visually for "start/stop" interval marking
o and the timer measuring the elapsed time was hand pressed for
"start/stop".
205 - The manual measuring method is not much accurate, therefore 4
individual
tests were made for each model setting. This way the average value of the 4
measurements could be calculated, giving somewhat more accurate results of
the measured one-tens, and one-hundreds of a second value ranges.
210 Page 6.
CA 2978935 2017-09-12

TEST METHODS
The main purpose of the tests was to demonstrate the effect of the cohesion
force
compared to a regular, non-cohesion force induced traditional water outflow
setting.
Another, similarly important purpose of the tests was to demonstrate the
effect of
215 increasing the number ¨ and therefore the total diameter (total cross-
section surfaces)
of the cohesion pipes (6) ¨ (the water outflow pipes).
Direct! Direct outflow of water from the water source (1). No outflow
pipe(s)
were installed onto the water source, therefore this test shows the
220 required time of the natural water outflow without any human
intervention
through a 16-mm opening.
1 Tube! The penstock (2), the manifold (4) and one cohesion pipe (6)
were
installed onto the system. The MUCH FASTER WATERFLOW - due to
the water "pulling effect" of the cohesion force is clearly showing up in
225 the test results. The increased SPEED of the water in the
penstock (2) is
already evident with just one pipe installed.
2 Tubes / This was similar to the previous test, but one more (a total
of two)
cohesion pipes were installed onto the system. The clearly noticeable
shortening of outflow time and the further increased speed of water in
230 the penstock (2) is clearly observable.
3 Tubes! One more cohesion pipe was installed onto the system (now a
total of 3)
and the increasing speed of the water flow was clearly recordable.
4 Tubes! Now a total of 4 cohesion pipes were installed onto the
system. The
water outflow speed was still increasing ¨ though only marginally.
235 It is clearly evident in the test results that adding more and more
cohesion pipes to the
system will gradually ¨ but at a clearly decreasing rate ¨ show a cumulative
result,
which is a substantial increase of water speed, as the outflow time is getting
gradually
shorter and shorter.
These tests show the effect of increasing the number of identical diameter
240 cohesion pipes. Additional tests were made to see the effect of
increasing the
diameter of the cohesion pipe from the first tests of 16-millimetre diameter
pipes.
A 2nd test was made with 18-millimeter diameter pipe, and a 31d test was made
with
25-millimeter cohesion pipes.
245 Page 7.
CA 2978935 2017-09-12

The actual test results of the first series of tests with the 16 millimeter
pipes and the
evaluation of those results are attached as Table 1, and Table 2.
Those tables are representing some shockingly clear evidences of what
250 cohesion force can -, and will do to increase the speed of water. We
can generate
large amount of additional electric power output without any additional energy
input,
just by moving the prominent vertical drop of the water to the other side of
the turbine.
Further more, we can decrease the water volume intake when we increase the
speed
of the water and we will still generate the same electric power level (kWh).
255
OBSERVATIONS
The following observations were made during the tests and during the creation
of the
evaluation tables:
THE COHESION PIPES (outflow pipes) MAY BE INSTALLED IN ANY POSITION,
260 NOT NECESSARILY ALL IN VERTICAL "HANGING" POSITION. SOME SECTIONS
CAN BE HORIZONTAL, OR EVEN UPWARDS TENDING.
THE IMPORTANT FACTOR IS THAT THE ENTIRE COHESION PIPE SYSTEM
MUST BE IN A DOWNWARD TRENDING GENERAL DIRECTION.
- As the speed of water increases in the system, so does the inner
resistance of
265 the system increase, as well. (manifold resistance, pipes inner wall
resistance,
turbine resistance, etc.)
- Water speed may beat air bubbles out of the water which will
marginally reduce
the effectiveness of the cohesion forces.
- Cavitation will happen in real life on the turbine blades which will
marginally
270 reduce the effectiveness of the cohesion forces.
- At the same time, cavitation - being a negative pressure - will
partially increase
the effectiveness of the cohesion forces.
- Potential energy of water-head CAN NOT be added as the sum of the
effect of
installing multiple penstocks leading to the turbine.
275 - But the water speed increasing effect of cohesion forces - CAN BE
ADDED
together as the sum of the effect of installing multiple cohesion pipes as
outflow
pipes AFTER the turbine.
Page 8.
CA 2978935 2017-09-12

280 - The
end of the outflow pipes (cohesion pipes) must be under the downstream
water level, otherwise air will get back into the system (gassing).
Any of the disadvantages may easily be overcome by installing degassing valves

and by proper dimensional design case-by-case fitted to the desired location
and
to the installation specifics, and expectations, as well.
285
SUMMARY
The total cross-section surface of the cohesion pipes was increased, which
effectively
increased the "vertical weight" of the water, while the "vertical height" of
the cohesion
pipes remained unchanged. By the above, the "pulling force" in the penstock
was
290 increased, which resulted in substantial increase of the speed of the
water in the
penstock - the water had much increased kinetic energy at hitting the turbine.
o INFLUENTIAL FACTORS FOR INCREASING THE SPEED OF WATER
= Height of the total actual vertical drop between the turbine
and the end of the cohesion pipes (water outflow)
295 = The
size of the total cross-section surface of the cohesion pipes
= Weight of water in the direct vertical distance only (like as if the
cohesion pipes were all in vertical positions)
= Total cross-section surface of the cohesion pipes being larger
than the cross-section surface of the penstock
300 o NON-INFLUENTIAL FACTORS FOR THE SPEED OF WATER
= Total length of cohesion pipes and length of penstock
= Weight (mass) of the total volume of water in the cohesion pipes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
305
Fig.l. is the representation of the test model of the cohesion force effect.
1/ intake (upstream water source)
2/ penstock
3/ turbine
310 4/ manifold
5/ flow control and degassing valves
6/ cohesion pipes
7/ downstream water level
8/ outflow
315 Page 9.
CA 2978935 2017-09-12

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
After the rather "graphical" explanation of how a COHESION BASED
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT works, it is not necessary to describe a new,
320 dammed power plant embodiment. It is now evident that the new dammed
power plant
would be very similar to already existing hydroelectric power plants. The
substantial
difference would be the very short penstock between the water intake and the
turbine.
At the same time, there would be a rather long outflow system composed of
multiple
pipes called cohesion pipes. The rest of the differences ¨ if any ¨ would
depend on
325 the hydro engineers designing the power plant adaptation to each
specific site.
Several other opportunities and ways exist to utilize the current invention.
Here are just a few of the most likely embodiments to upgrade existing power
generating plants, or build entirely new power generating stations where the
current
invention would successfully be utilized.
330
1/ IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL, NEW POWER GENERATING LOCATIONS
In any case - new installation, or upgrading an existing power plant - this
invention
assures that SUBSTANTIALLY LESS WATER VOLUME INPUT WILL BE REQUIRED
for the same level (kWh) of electric power generation, compared to any
existing hydro
335 technologies! Currently one of the major problems to find suitable site
for new
hydropower stations is the requirement of large volume of water be available
all the
time. Because of the substantially reduced water supply requirement of this
invention
and the extremely high investment and very long time needed for dam
construction ¨
new, large number of run-off-the-river type installations are most likely to
utilize this
340 invention.
This will require identification of new locations where feasible power
generation can be
established. Many ¨ earlier considered as non-proper, or neglected sites ¨ can
now be
identified as potential construction sites for electric power generators ¨
located at
rivers, streams, or even at lakes ¨ due to the fact that this invention does
NOT require
345 at site, direct vertical drop
2/ EXISTING, NON-POWERED DAM UTILIZATION
There are thousands of dams existing all around the world which were built for
other
than electricity generation purposes ¨ i.e. agricultural irrigation, or
environmental water
350
Page 10.
CA 2978935 2017-09-12

control, etc.
These are called NON-POWERED DAMs.
The current invention offers an unparalleled technical opportunity to turn
these non-
355 powered dams into electric power generating locations. We can do this
without
interfering with the visual setting, or the environment of the locale. We can
even make
our new installation of the powerplant non-visible by installing all the
needed
equipment and piping, etc., to underground.
What we need to do is just to lay some piping (a short penstock and a longer
set of
360 cohesion pipes). Then set the turbine in between these two piping and
build a control
room somewhere else on shore. Depending on the location of the closest
powerline,
some connecting powerline construction may be required, too. This would
probably be
the cheapest, the most cost effective and fastest power plant construction
opportunity.
365 3/ MODERNIZING RUN-OFF-THE-RIVER
Run-off-the-river method is the utilization - one of, or a combination of -
water head
(potential energy of water) and/or natural water flow of a river (kinetic
energy of water)
for electric power generation purposes.
Actually, what we have to do is very simple in this case. Just shorten the
length
370 of the penstock before the turbine to allow the increase of the length
of the outflow
piping (replace the outflow pipe with a system of cohesion purpose pipes)
positioned
after the turbine.
This way the speed of the water will increase with such a proportion that
probably the
turbine itself will need to be replaced - as well - with a higher capacity
turbine to
375 handle the substantially increased kinetic energy of the water.
380
385
Page 11.
CA 2978935 2017-09-12

Dessin représentatif
Une figure unique qui représente un dessin illustrant l'invention.
États administratifs

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États administratifs

Titre Date
Date de délivrance prévu 2019-08-06
(22) Dépôt 2017-09-12
Requête d'examen 2017-09-12
(41) Mise à la disponibilité du public 2018-09-25
(45) Délivré 2019-08-06

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Le dépôt d'une demande de brevet 200,00 $ 2017-09-12
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Taxe de maintien en état - brevet - nouvelle loi 2 2019-09-12 50,00 $ 2019-09-06
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Taxe de maintien en état - brevet - nouvelle loi 4 2021-09-13 50,00 $ 2021-09-10
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Description du
Document 
Date
(yyyy-mm-dd) 
Nombre de pages   Taille de l'image (Ko) 
Paiement de taxe périodique 2020-08-05 2 156
Paiement de taxe périodique 2021-08-09 1 9
Paiement de taxe périodique 2021-09-10 2 18
Abrégé 2017-09-12 1 27
Description 2017-09-12 11 485
Revendications 2017-09-12 1 36
Dessins 2017-09-12 2 89
Ordonnance spéciale 2017-09-28 3 71
Ordonnance spéciale - Verte requête non conforme 2017-10-18 1 50
Lettre du bureau 2018-08-27 1 52
Demande d'anticipation de la mise à la disposition 2018-07-31 1 37
Lettre du bureau 2018-08-28 1 46
Dessins représentatifs 2018-09-21 1 22
Page couverture 2018-09-21 1 54
Ordonnance spéciale - Verte acceptée 2018-09-25 1 54
Demande d'examen 2018-10-23 3 219
Modification 2018-11-02 13 614
Revendications 2018-11-02 1 41
Enregistrer une note relative à une entrevue (Acti 2019-02-14 1 14
Modification 2019-02-19 3 82
Revendications 2019-02-19 1 34
Demande d'examen 2019-03-08 4 240
Modification 2019-03-27 9 654
Modification 2019-03-28 5 336
Modification 2019-04-01 11 596
Modification 2019-04-01 8 437
Demande d'examen 2019-04-24 4 242
Modification 2019-05-21 8 489
Revendications 2019-05-21 1 33
Taxe finale 2019-06-19 2 117
Requête de publication dans la gazette 2019-06-20 1 23
Correspondance de la poursuite 2019-06-20 1 23
Page couverture 2019-07-10 2 63
Paiement de taxe périodique 2019-09-06 1 19