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Sommaire du brevet 3048348 

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Disponibilité de l'Abrégé et des Revendications

L'apparition de différences dans le texte et l'image des Revendications et de l'Abrégé dépend du moment auquel le document est publié. Les textes des Revendications et de l'Abrégé sont affichés :

  • lorsque la demande peut être examinée par le public;
  • lorsque le brevet est émis (délivrance).
(12) Demande de brevet: (11) CA 3048348
(54) Titre français: PROCEDE ET PRODUITS UTILISANT DES DECHETS ORGANIQUES
(54) Titre anglais: METHOD AND PRODUCTS USING ORGANIC WASTE
Statut: Morte
Données bibliographiques
(51) Classification internationale des brevets (CIB):
  • A23K 10/37 (2016.01)
  • A23K 10/00 (2016.01)
  • A23K 10/26 (2016.01)
  • A23K 30/00 (2016.01)
  • A23K 50/90 (2016.01)
  • A01K 67/033 (2006.01)
  • B09B 3/00 (2006.01)
(72) Inventeurs :
  • PICCONE, LOUIS A. (Canada)
  • PICCONE, VASILY GEORGE (Canada)
(73) Titulaires :
  • PICCONE, LOUIS A. (Canada)
  • PICCONE, VASILY GEORGE (Canada)
(71) Demandeurs :
  • PICCONE, LOUIS A. (Canada)
  • PICCONE, VASILY GEORGE (Canada)
(74) Agent:
(74) Co-agent:
(45) Délivré:
(22) Date de dépôt: 2019-07-03
(41) Mise à la disponibilité du public: 2020-07-02
Requête d'examen: 2020-03-24
Licence disponible: S.O.
(25) Langue des documents déposés: Anglais

Traité de coopération en matière de brevets (PCT): Non

(30) Données de priorité de la demande: S.O.

Abrégés

Abrégé anglais


The present invention is directed to a method of extending the time
during which organic waste can be used before decomposition comprising
the steps of: a) reducing the size of the organic waste to a particle size of
less
than 6 cm; b) treating the organic waste to prevent the growth of
substantially all microbial life for a period of more than 72 hours.

Revendications

Note : Les revendications sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.


CLAIMS
We/I Claim:
1. A method of extending the time during which organic waste can be used
before decomposition comprising the steps of:
i.reducing the size of the organic waste to a particle size of less
than 6 cm;
ii.treating the organic waste to prevent the growth of substantially
all microbial life for a period of more than 72 hours.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the process is selected from one or
more of the groups consisting of: i) dewatering; ii) irradiation; and, iii)
the
addition of antimicrobial agents.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein organic waste is subjected to
dewatering and an additional process selected from i) irradiation; and, ii)
the
addition of antimicrobial agents.
4. A method according to claim 2 wherein the process is dewatering and the
removal of water from the organic waste effected by a method selected from
23

the group consisting of i) air drying; ii) freeze drying; iii) drip drying;
iv)
squeezing, v) sun-drying; vi) and, v) centrifugation.
5. A method according to claim 3 wherein the organic waste is processed until
the water content is less than 20%.
6. A method according to claim 3 wherein the organic waste is processed until
the water content is less than 14%.
7. A method according to claim 3 wherein the organic waste is processed until
the water content is less than Less than 10 %.
8. A method according to claim 3 wherein the organic waste is processed until
the water content is less than Less than 9%.
9. A method according to claim 3 wherein the organic waste is processed until
the water content is less than less than 5%.
10. Organic waste processed according to claim 1 wherein the organic waste
can be stored for more than 3 days without substantial decomposition.
24

11. Organic waste processed according to claim 1 wherein the organic waste is
capable of being stored for more than 10 days without substantial
decomposition.
12.Organic waste processed according to claim 1 wherein the organic waste is
capable of being stored for more than 14 days without substantial
decomposition.
13.Organic waste processed according to claim 1 wherein the organic waste is
capable of being stored for more than 30 days without substantial
decomposition.
14.Organic waste processed according to claim 1 wherein the organic waste is
capable of being stored for more than 60 days without substantial
decomposition.
15.Organic waste processed according to claim 1 wherein the organic waste is
capable of being stored for more than 180 days without substantial
decomposition.

16.A kit for feeding a live creature selected from the group consisting of
insects; animals, and fish, comprising a container and organic waste
produced according to the method of claim 1.
26

Description

Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.


1 METHOD AND PRODUCTS USING ORGANIC WASTE
2
3 FIELD OF THE INVENTION
4 The present application is directed to recycling methods and products
extending the time in which organic waste, such as food waste, can be used, as
6 food for insects, animals and fish.
7 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
8 Various types of organic waste materials, such as food garbage, are
currently
9 disposed of in a variety of ways including removal to a landfill,
incineration, and
treatment for use as a raw material for use as an ingredient in biofuels. When
ii disposed of in landfills, organic waste materials decompose creating
unpleasant
12 smell, the proliferation of bacteria, and the greenhouse gas methane.
Smell and
13 bacteria require landfill employees to take health precautions like
using respirators
14 and wearing specialized clothing and accessories. Methane gas produced
by
decomposition of organic waste has a more potent greenhouse effect than carbon
16 dioxide. The land needed to dispose of organic waste, estimated to
comprise
17 between 30% and 40% of garbage disposed of in landfills, is expensive
and often
18 some distance from the geographic area where the waste is generated.
Incineration
19 produces smoke pollutants and the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.
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20 The use of organic waste for biofuels such as bio-diesel or gas
products is
21 well-known but is expensive and inefficient at present. Such processes
are
22 described for example in U.S. Patent 10,174,266, titled "Method of
synthetic fuel
23 gas production"; U.S. Patent 10,138,436, titled "System and method for
converting
24 food waste into fuel"; U.S. Patent 9,834,728, titled "Production of
fuel"; U.S.
25 Patent 9,506,084, titled "Production of hydrogen using an anaerobic
biological
26 process"; U.S. Patent 8,486,168, titled "Gasification"; U.S. Patent
8,153,850,
27 titled "Integrated biofuel production system"; and, U.S. Patent
6,871,604, titled
28 "Conversion of waste into highly efficient fuel".
29 In the last several years other methods of disposing of organic
waste
30 material using insects have begun to appear in the press and other
popular media.
31 For example, there have been reports showing the utilization of insects
to process
32 waste materials, including organic waste materials, especially animal
manures
33 (See, U.S. Patents: 8,322,305; 7,951,296; 6,780,637; 6,579,713; and,
6,391,620),
34 into other usable products. Apparently, these attempts have worked on
small
35 scales, but have not yet been adapted to industrial large scale and/or
commercial
36 uses. For example, the level of productivity has not been great enough
to support
37 the process, typically due to operating and labor costs. Most often,
these are batch
38 processes that have included loading a culture vessel with a large
quantity of larval
39 feed (manure or other wastes), adding an appropriate number of insect
eggs or
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40 first-stage larvae, allowing time for the larvae to consume the feed,
followed by
41 harvest of mature larvae or pupae. Such systems provide less than
optimum
42 nutrition for the larvae because, during the days or weeks that the
larvae are in the
43 culture, the feed is also undergoing microbial decomposition and
spoilage, thus
44 reducing the conversion efficiency of the larvae. If this problem is
avoided by daily
45 feeding, the labor requirement can severely limit the scope of an insect
growing
46 operation. Possible solutions to these issues have been discussed in the
past, and at
47 least several U.S. Patents are directed to this technology including,
U.S. Patents
48 10,159,229; 10,010,060; 9,642,344; 9,629,339; 9,510,572; and, 8,733,284.
49 Organic waste, including unused food discarded by consumers,
restaurants,
50 supermarkets, farms, and, breweries represent a significant source of
material, in
51 sheer tonnage quantity, which can be recycled for use, as resources for
other than
52 human consumption. Processing waste organic material has been described
in U.S.
53 Patents including: 10,196,321; 10,015,940; 9,650,650; 8,632,024;
8,445,259; and
54 7,517,445.
55 There remains a continuing need for new and improved methods of
56 recycling organic waste material to prevent or reduce the consequences
of current
57 disposal technologies and to supply new and/or improved, recycled
materials.
58 Furthermore, there is a continuing need for treatment of a wide range of
waste
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59 materials including sewage, garbage, construction, and, industrial waste
and the
60 like to minimize landfill and atmospheric pollution.
61
62 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
63 The present invention is directed to a method of extending the time
during
64 which organic waste can be used before decomposition comprising the
steps of:
65 a. reducing the size of the organic waste to a particle size
of less
66 than 6 cm;
67 b. treating the organic waste to prevent the growth of
substantially
68 all microbial life for a period of more than 72 hours.
69 The present invention is also directed to a method as described
above
70 wherein the process is selected from one or more of the groups
consisting of i)
71 dewatering; ii) irradiation; and, iii) the addition of antimicrobial
agents.
72 The present invention also includes a kit for feeding a live
creature selected
73 from the group consisting of insects; animals, and fish, comprising a
container and
74 organic waste produced according to the method described above.
76 DETAILED DESRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
77 As used herein the word "organic waste" refers to waste products
that are
78 organic, or substantially organic in character. Any biological material
would be
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79 considered to be "organic", within the scope of this definition. Waste
refers to
80 material that is discarded by the original user of the material. For
example, this
81 term can refer to animal excrement, brewers' grain, oil and
pharmaceutical by-
82 products that are currently discarded, consumer organic waste, food
waste, etc.
83 Municipal organic waste is waste collected by local waste management
84 resources, mostly municipal government trash collection services.
Municipal
85 organic waste contains materials which originated from living organisms.
There
86 are many types of organic wastes and they can be found in municipal
solid waste,
87 industrial solid waste, agricultural waste, and wastewaters. Organic
wastes are
88 often disposed of with other wastes in landfills or incinerators, but
since they
89 are biodegradable, some organic wastes are suitable for composting and
land
90 application.
91 The term "organic food waste" refers to organic waste that is
discarded food
92 or food products. Food refers to anything that humans can eat. Every
type of food
93 is encompassed within this definition, including fruits, vegetables,
meats, dairy,
94 breads, etc. The term waste also includes material that cannot be used
for its
95 intended purpose, such as food and food products that cannot be sold, by
way of
96 non-limiting example, such as fruits and vegetables that can no longer
be used as
97 well as fruits and vegetables that cannot be harvested and/or sold.
CA 3048348 2019-07-03

98 The word "decomposition" means the destruction of the organic waste
99 material by bacteria, heat or fungi, such that the waste can no longer
effectively be
100 used as a feed for insects, animals and/or fish, in an economically
feasible manner.
101 As used herein the word "putrefication" is the act or process of
102 putrefying; the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by bacteria
103 and fungi that results in obnoxiously odorous products; rotting or
decay. For
104 purposes of the present invention the terms "putrefication" and
"decomposition"
los are considered similar. Decomposition is the degradation of organic
waste so that it
106 can no longer reasonably be used as a feedstuff for any reason,
including, but not
107 limited to smell, microbial life, insect infestation, cost, fungus,
taste, pollution, etc.
108 For purposes of the present invention the term "sterilize" means to
make
109 organic waste material substantially free from bacteria or other living
no microorganisms, and useful for an extended period of time as a
feedstuff. In the
111 context of this definition the term "substantially free" means that
more all
112 significant amounts of bacteria or other living organisms are killed
such that the
113 objects of the present invention can be realized.
114 The present invention is directed to a method of extending the time
during
115 which organic waste can be used before decomposition comprising the
steps of:
116 a. reducing the size of the organic waste to a particle size of
less
117 than 6 cm;
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118 b. treating the organic waste to prevent the growth of
substantially
119 all microbial life for a period of more than 72 hours.
120 Treating the organic waste to prevent the growth of substantially
all
121 microbial life comprises the step of i) dewatering the organic waste;
ii) irradiating
122 the organic waste; and/or iii) adding antimicrobial agents to the
organic waste. In
123 fact, any method of preventing the antimicrobial life which causes
decomposition
124 can be used according to the present invention, albeit different
results may be
125 obtained depending on the method, and, cost of same. Two or more of
dewatering,
126 radiating and the addition of anti-microbial agents may be used in any
sequence, to
127 obtain desired results.
128 The present invention is also directed to a kit for feeding a live
creature
129 selected from the group consisting of insects; animals, and fish,
comprising a
130 container and organic waste produced according to the method described
131 generically above.
132 One step, often the first in achieving the purposes of the present
invention, is
133 processing the organic waste to ensure that the waste can be moved
easily and
134 efficiently.
135 The present invention provides a number of important advantages. Wet
136 slurries of waste materials containing organic materials and heavy
metals
137 heretofore deposited in landfill sites to pollute the environment can
be efficiently
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138 treated by carbonizing organic materials to render the heavy metals
easily soluble
139 in leach solutions for separation and recovery of the heavy metals from
the solids,
140 and the carbonized solids with inorganic additives extruded to form
planks or
141 blocks which are carburized to convert residual heavy metals to
carbides in
142 insoluble planks or blocks.
143 Separation processes make use of some physical or chemical
difference
144 between the separated fractions; examples are size, shape, color,
density, solubility,
145 electrical charge and volatility.
146 Separations are vital to all areas of the food processing industry.
Separations
147 usually aim to remove specific components in order to increase the
added value of
148 the products, which may be the extracted component, the residue or
both.
149 Purposes include cleaning, sorting and grading operations, extraction
and
150 purification of fractions, recovery of valuable components, or removal
of
151 undesirable components such as microorganisms, agricultural residues or
152 radionuclides. Operations range from separation of large food units,
such as fruits
153 and vegetables measuring many centimetres, down to separation of
molecules or
154 ions measured in nanometres.
155 Organic waste can be separated according to separation techniques
well
156 known in the art. For example, those techniques used in food separation
can also
157 be used for organic waste, especially for example, the publication
"Separation in
8
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158 Food Technology", James G. Brennan, Alistair S. Grandison, Michael J.
Lewis,
159 Food Processing Handbook, 2 Volume Set, 2nd Edition, James G. Brennan
160 (Editor), Alistair S. Grandison (Editor), ISBN: 978-3-527-32468-2
December 2011
161 826 Pages Wiley-VCH, describing the generic field of separation and
discusses
162 many specific methods for use in separation of different organic
matters.
163 Separation technology is well known and understood by the skilled
artisan
164 and it is generally possible to design a separation process as
necessary to achieve
165 the purposes of the present invention.
166 Many company's specialize in separation processes involving organic
waste,
167 from for example, packaging material. One such company is TiM located
in
168 Dahuan Industrial Zone, Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan City,
Guangdong
169 Province, China, having a website at http://shredding-
170 machine.com/index.php/application/organic-and-food-waste-disposal/. TiM
171 produces a line of equipment for the following process: a bin-lifter
loads a 120L or
172 240L a bin food waste to a manual sorting table and a moving belt from
which an
173 operator can sort foreign objects such as metal or plastic bags out.
The waste can
174 be moved to an industrial shredder integrated with a dewatering
squeezer in one
175 machine. The industrial shredder at the top of the combo machine can
cut the food
176 waste down to a size of anywhere from about 36 mm to about 12 mm, then
the
177 shredded food waste will drop to the hopper of the dewatering squeezer.
A
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178 squeezing shaft will push the food waste against a stainless-steel
screen and back-
179 pressure cone, with the cone not releasing until the pressure reaches a
180 predetermined minimum so that solid food waste cannot pass through the
screen
181 until a predetermined pressure is reached squeezing water out of the
material. The
182 shredded and dewatered food waste falls off to the hopper of an auger
conveyor,
183 whose screw will convey the waste to collection container.
184 Once separated from any packaging material, the processed organic
waste
185 can be more fully dewatered using any known process, including the non-
limiting
186 examples of freeze drying, centrifugation, sun-drying and air drying.
187 Unless it is frozen or preserved in some manner, organic food waste
"spoils"
188 or "goes off' very quickly, due to the presence of microorganisms, such
as, mold
189 spores and bacteria. These microorganisms cause proteins and fats to
break down,
190 releasing toxins into meat, or destroying the tissue of fruits and
vegetables, for
191 example. They also multiply, eventually reaching levels that can cause
noxious
192 smells, and, illness, or transmit disease. Eliminating the moisture
required for
193 microbial growth can extend the useful lifetime of organic waste.
194 When organic waste is treated according to the present invention,
microbial
195 life is inhibited and the time during which the waste can be used as
feed for insects,
196 animals or fish can be extended. For example, one purpose of the
present invention
197 is to produce organic waste that can go for more than 3 days without
substantial
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198 decomposition. According to other purposes of the present invention
organic waste
199 can be processed which lasts for 5, 10, 14, 21, 28, 30, 35, 42, 60 and
180 days
200 without substantial decomposition.
201 Lowering the water content, or dewatering, the organic waste
according to
202 the present invention can be performed to any level necessary to extend
the time
203 period that the waste may be used for other purposes. De-watering can
reduce the
204 water content to 20%, 14%, 10 %, 9%, 7%, 5%, 3%, 2%, 1% or even lower,
for
205 example.
206 Freeze-drying is the process by which the solvent (usually water)
and/or
207 suspension medium is crystallized at low temperature and removed by
sublimation.
208 Sublimation is the direct transition of water from solid state to
gaseous state
209 without melting. ... It is important to freeze foods rapidly in order
to avoid the
210 formation of large ice crystals, which deteriorate the final product
quality.
211 Freeze-drying is a method of removing water by sublimation of ice
crystals
212 from frozen material. Suitable parameters of process application allow
us to obtain
213 best quality products compared to products dried with traditional
methods. Very
214 good physical and chemical properties of organic material make this
method a
215 viable option from a scientific perspective for achieving the purposes
of the present
216 invention. However, the present high cost of the freeze-drying may
limit the
217 applicability of this technology to the present invention. Equipment
innovation and
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218 pretreatment of raw material can reduce the time and energy needed for
this
219 process.
220 Centrifugation is the process spinning material, typically using a
centrifuge,
221 to separate components. A centrifuge is a device which employs a high
angular
222 speed to separate components of different densities. This becomes
relevant in the
223 majority of industrial jobs where solids, liquids and gases are merged
into a single
224 mixture and the separation of these different phases is necessary. A
decanter
225 centrifuge (also known as solid bowl centrifuge) separates continuously
solid
226 materials from liquids in the slurry and therefore plays an important
role in the
227 wastewater treatment, chemical, oil and food processing industries.
228 Separated organic waste can be placed into a centrifuge such as for
example
229 a BEP Model 805TX Stainless Steel Food Processing Centrifuge, to remove
230 additional water.
231 Air drying can also be employed to reduce the water content of the
organic
232 waste at issue to remove additional water. Organic waste material to be
dried is
233 placed into a drying chamber, where air is continually circulated,
slowly and gently
234 evaporating moisture until a maximum level of water content is reached.
This
235 process is as old as civilization and a skilled artisan can easily
design a process
236 necessary to lower the water content to a desired level.
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237 Sun drying the organic waste according to the present invention can
also be
238 used to reduce the water content. Sun drying will ideally be conducted
outside
239 under conditions of high temperature and low humidity conditions which
exist in
240 the desert.
241 Drip drying whereby the organic waste is placed on a grate, screen
or sieve
242 to allow water to drain from the material may also be used alone or in
combination
243 with other water reduction processes according to the present
invention.
244 The organic waste may also be otherwise processed to extend the
useful
245 lifetime of the material for use as a foodstuff for insects, animals
and aquatic life.
246 Such additional process including irradiating the organic waste to
sterilize the
247 material. Adding anti-microbial agents to reduce or prevent the growth
of bacteria,
248 fungus or other microbes can also be added to the organic waste to
extend the time
249 to putrefaction.
250 Food irradiation is the process of exposing food and food packaging
251 to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation, such as from gamma rays, x-
rays, or
252 electron beams, is energy that can be transmitted without direct
contact to the
253 source of the energy (radiation) capable of freeing electrons from
their atomic
254 bonds (ionization) in the targeted food. The radiation can be emitted
by
255 a radioactive substance or generated electrically. This treatment is
used to improve
256 food safety by extending product shelf-life (preservation), reducing
the risk of
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257 foodbome illness, delaying or eliminating sprouting or ripening, by
sterilization of
258 foods, and as a means of controlling insects and invasive pests. Food
irradiation
259 primarily extends the shelf-life of irradiated foods by effectively
destroying
260 organisms responsible for spoilage and foodbome illness and inhibiting
sprouting.
261 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency
responsible for
262 regulation of radiation sources in the United States. Irradiation, as
defined by the
263 FDA is a "food additive" as opposed to a food process and therefore
falls under the
264 food additive regulations. Each food approved for irradiation has
specific
265 guidelines in terms of minimum and maximum dosage as determined safe by
the
266 FDA. Packaging materials containing the food processed by irradiation
must also
267 undergo approval. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
amends
268 these rules for use with meat, poultry, and fresh fruit.
269 Irradiation is the deliberate process of exposing an item to certain
types of
270 radiation energy to bring about desirable changes. Ionizing radiation
is radiant
271 energy that has the ability to break chemical bonds. There are three
types of
272 ionizing radiation that can potentially be used in food irradiation:
electron beams
273 (machine generated), X-rays - (machine generated), and gamma rays
(occur
274 naturally from radioactive decay of Cesium 137 or Cobalt 60). Cobalt-60
is most
275 commonly used for food irradiation, though electron beam is finding
increasing
276 application. Currently, there are a number of nonfood related products
being
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277 irradiated (cosmetics, wine corks, hospital supplies, medical products,
packaging
278 materials) mostly to achieve nonthermal sterilization. The radiation
dose refers to
279 the amount of gamma rays absorbed by the product and is measured in
Grays (Gy).
280 1 Gy = 1 Joule of absorbed energy / kg of product. Most treatment
levels are on the
281 order of Ito 10 kGy (1 kGy = 1000 Gy).
282 Because of the seriousness of the food safety issue and the lack of
adequate
283 control measures to ensure 100% bacteria free food, irradiation is seen
as an
284 additional tool that can be used for improving food safety. In
particular, E. coli,
285 salmonella, and a number of other pathogenic bacteria are sensitive to
irradiation.
286 Approved doses for meat and poultry can reduce salmonella and E. coli
287 populations from 99.9% to 99.999% (i.e., such that the presence of
salmonella is
288 considered safe). Hundreds of studies found no health-related issues
from
289 consuming irradiated food at levels less than 10 kGy. Some studies
indicate that in
290 irradiated pork the available thiamin may be reduced up to 50%. It is
also
291 important to note that in canned beef only 21% of the thiamin is
retained compared
292 to 23% retained for gamma irradiated beef, and 44% retained in electron
irradiated
293 beef Other vitamin losses vary depending on the particular vitamin. A
study
294 comparing vitamin levels in irradiated and non-irradiated cooked
poultry found
295 comparable vitamin levels except a modest decrease in Vitamin E (35%)
was
296 noted. Vitamin losses can also be reduced by irradiating frozen
products in
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297 vacuum-packed containers. Other studies suggest that vitamin losses in
irradiated
298 products can be reduced to 10% or less. Ionizing radiation can also be
used to
299 produce sterile, shelf-stable products. Irradiation has been
demonstrated to produce
300 no harmful effects at levels up to and above 60kGy. At these high
levels, there
301 have been some significant vitamin losses, but the product is
commercially sterile
302 and has a shelf-life comparable to canned foods. Vitamin, or other
nutrient loss by
303 using irradiation pursuant to the present invention is not believed to
be an
304 insurmountable problem.
305 Irradiation can be used to sterilize (eliminate all microorganisms)
food
306 products at levels above 10 kGy. In the range of 1-10 kGy it can be
used to
307 pasteurize food (eliminate a significant number of microorganisms
including those
308 of public health significance). In some products it can be used as an
insect
309 disinfestation treatment (less than 1 kGy). It can be used as a sprout
inhibition
310 technique in potatoes and onions (less than 0.5 kGy). It can delay
ripening of
311 certain fruits (less than 0.3 kGy) and eliminate trichinosis in pork
(less than 1.0
312 kGy).
313 Rayfresh Foods Inc. (www.rayfreshfoods.com) is a worldwide marketer
of
314 machinery utilizing The Rainbow Process. This patent pending process
offers a
315 unique, safe way to irradiate foods on a continuous basis inside the
processor's
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316 plant. The result of our machine technology is the ability to obtain a
five-log
317 reduction in various food products without affecting taste or texture.
318 U. S . Patents discussing using radiation to preserve biological
material include U.S.
319 6,946,098; 5,901,564; and, 5,400,382. The skilled artisan is capable of
setting up
320 and operating an irradiation system to achieve the purposes of the
present
321 invention.
322 The antimicrobial agents useful for the present invention include,
but are not
323 limited to, herbicides, insecticides, antimicrobial agents,
disinfectants and
324 antiseptic agents, antifungal agents (i.e., fungicides), antibacterial
agents, herbal
325 extracts, antioxidants, enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, silver salts,
and the like.
326 Any other suitable biologically active agent known in the art can be
used to
327 achieve the purposes of the present invention. In some particular
embodiments, the
328 active agent is an antimicrobial agent.
329 Man-made anti-microbial agents include, as non-limiting examples,
330 antibiotics including, for example, tetracycline, chlortetracycline,
bacitracin,
331 neomycin, polymyxin, gramicidin, cephalexin, oxytetracycline,
chloramphenicol,
332 rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, gentamycin, erythromycin,
penicillin,
333 sulfonamides, sulfadiazine, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfisoxazole,
334 nitrofurazone, sodium propionate, aminoglycosides such as gentamicin
and
335 tobramycin; fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin,
levofloxacin,
17
CA 3048348 2019-07-03

336 moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin; bacitracin, erythromycin, fusidic
acid,
337 neomycin, polymyxin B, gramicidin, trimethoprim and sulfacetamide; and
338 antifungals such as amphotericin B and miconazole.
339 Natural anti-microbial agents include, as non-limiting examples,
phenolic
340 compounds of natural origin. These actives derive their names from
their natural
341 occurrence in plants. These antimicrobial phenolic compounds are the
key
342 chemical components of plant essential oils that have been found to
provide the
343 antimicrobial benefit.
344 The phenolic compounds of natural origin as used in the present
invention
345 can include, but are not limited to, thymol (present for example in
thyme), eugenol
346 (present for example in cinnamon), menthol (present for example in
mint), geraniol
347 (present for example in geranium or rose), verbenone (present for
example in
348 vervain), eucalyptol (present for example in eucalyptus), cedrol
(present for
349 example in cedar), pinocarvone, carvacrol (which is isomeric with
thymol, and is
350 present for example in oregano), anethol (present for example in
aniseed)
351 hinokitiol, berberine, terpineol, limonene, ratanhiae, citral (present
for example in
352 lemon myrtle) and mixtures thereof According to a preferred embodiment
of the
353 present invention the phenolic compounds of natural origin as used in
the present
354 invention are thymol, eugenol, carvacrol, and citral. In yet a further
preferred
355 embodiment of the present invention, the phenolic compounds of natural
origin
18
CA 3048348 2019-07-03

356 comprise carvacrol and thymol. In a most preferred embodiment, the
phenolic
357 compounds of natural origin comprise thymol. It is important to note
that in cases
358 where the composition would include a combination of more than one
phenolic
359 compound, the combination would not consist of i-carvacrol, thymol and
p-cymene
360 or ii-thymol and terpineol together or in combination with other
phenolic
361 compounds. These compounds are described for example, in U.S. Patent
362 10,285,954.
363 The phenolic compounds of natural origin as used in the present
invention
364 can be synthetically made by known methods within the capacity of a
skilled
365 technician or can be obtained from plant oil extracts. In an embodiment
of the
366 present invention, the phenolic compounds of natural origin are
obtained from
367 plant extracts. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the
phenolic
368 compounds of natural origin are commercially available.
369 Other ingredients may be added to the organic waste, such as
preventing
370 and/or inhibiting the discoloration of the organic waste, by adding
ascorbic acid.
371 Any method of inhibiting the growth of, and/or killing microbial
life can be
372 used according to the present invention. Other methods of treating
organic waste
373 include heating (cooking) the organic waste.
374
375
19
CA 3048348 2019-07-03

376
377 EXAMPLES
378 The following examples are given as non-limiting disclosures of
various
379 methods of accomplishing the purposes of the present invention. The
skilled
380 artisan will appreciate that one of ordinary skill in the art will be
able to change the
381 parameters of each process, including for example, ingredients, process
steps and
382 conditions, to obtain the same or different results as may be necessary
depending
383 upon prevailing conditions.
384 Example 1
385 Air Drying
386 Brewers grain is spread to an even depth on a clean cement pad in
the sun.
387 Every hour the grain is raked to expose that grain that is still
visibly dark with
388 moisture is dry. When the grain is dry, the moisture content is
measured. Id the
389 moisture content is below 10 percent, the grain is collected and placed
into storage
390 containers.
391
392 Example 2
393 Air Drying
394 Municipal organic waste is separated and shredded until a uniform
mass of
395 material is obtained. A 75-pound amount of such uniform waste is put
into woven
CA 3048348 2019-07-03

396 polyethylene or polypropylene bags. Three bags are placed between two
pieces of
397 3/4 inch plywood and placed in an hydraulic press. The press is
actuated until no
398 further water drains from the bags to produce dewatered organic waste.
399 Twenty woven bags of dewatered organic waste are loaded onto a
pallet.
400 The pallet is placed into an irradiation device to sterilize the waste.
The MDS
401 Nordion, Quadura system, a pallet food irradiator is used to irradiate
the organic
402 waste. The dewatered and irradiated waste is stored in a facility
having a humidity
403 level of less than 15%.
404
405 Example 3
406 Anti-Microbial Agents
407 25 lbs. of bulk powdered erythromycin is mixed into 1 ton of
shredded
408 dewatered, irradiated organic waste. The organic waste is put into
woven bags and
409 compressed. The bags are sealed and stacked onto pallets.
410
411 Example 4
412 Irradiation
413 One metric ton of dewatered organic waste is placed into a
container and the
414 container is placed onto a pallet. The pallet is moved into an
irradiation machine
21
CA 3048348 2019-07-03

415 and the organic waste is irradiated to sterilize the material. The
material is then
416 stored for 60 days until it is used as a feedstuff for insects.
417
418 Example 5
419 Sun Drying
420 A 250 g, formed, compressed block of dewater organic food waste is
placed
421 on a screen in the sun in a temperature of 85 F, and 55% humidity. In
less than
422 one hour the block has a water content of less than 8%. 4,000 such
blocks are
423 loaded onto a pallet and placed into an irradiation machine and the
organic waste is
424 irradiated to sterilize the material. The pallet is then stored in an
environment with
425 less than 25% relative humidity and a temperature averaging above 80 F
for at
426 least 8 hours per day.
427
428
429
430
431 It will be understood that other embodiments and examples of the
invention
432 will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art with the scope
and breadth of
433 the invention being defined in the appended claims.
434
22
CA 3048348 2019-11-15

Dessin représentatif

Désolé, le dessin représentatatif concernant le document de brevet no 3048348 est introuvable.

États administratifs

Pour une meilleure compréhension de l'état de la demande ou brevet qui figure sur cette page, la rubrique Mise en garde , et les descriptions de Brevet , États administratifs , Taxes périodiques et Historique des paiements devraient être consultées.

États administratifs

Titre Date
Date de délivrance prévu Non disponible
(22) Dépôt 2019-07-03
Requête d'examen 2020-03-24
(41) Mise à la disponibilité du public 2020-07-02
Demande morte 2023-01-05

Historique d'abandonnement

Date d'abandonnement Raison Reinstatement Date
2022-01-05 Taxe périodique sur la demande impayée

Historique des paiements

Type de taxes Anniversaire Échéance Montant payé Date payée
Le dépôt d'une demande de brevet 200,00 $ 2019-07-03
Requête d'examen 2024-07-03 400,00 $ 2020-03-24
Taxe finale 2022-02-04 153,00 $ 2021-10-12
Titulaires au dossier

Les titulaires actuels et antérieures au dossier sont affichés en ordre alphabétique.

Titulaires actuels au dossier
PICCONE, LOUIS A.
PICCONE, VASILY GEORGE
Titulaires antérieures au dossier
S.O.
Les propriétaires antérieurs qui ne figurent pas dans la liste des « Propriétaires au dossier » apparaîtront dans d'autres documents au dossier.
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Description du
Document 
Date
(yyyy-mm-dd) 
Nombre de pages   Taille de l'image (Ko) 
Abrégé 2019-11-15 1 10
Correspondance reliée aux formalités 2020-01-08 1 25
Communication ignorée 2020-01-13 1 172
Ordonnance spéciale - Verte requête non conforme 2020-04-01 2 197
Requête d'examen 2020-03-24 7 211
Abrégé 2019-11-15 1 11
Description 2019-11-15 22 878
Demande d'anticipation de la mise à la disposition 2020-04-20 1 34
Page couverture 2020-06-01 1 23
Lettre du bureau 2020-06-03 1 224
Ordonnance spéciale - Verte acceptée 2020-07-07 1 178
Demande d'examen 2020-09-02 4 230
Modification 2021-01-15 11 333
Revendications 2021-01-15 5 118
Description 2021-01-15 22 874
Demande d'examen 2021-02-25 3 167
Modification 2021-06-25 5 166
Demande d'examen 2021-09-07 3 138
Modification 2021-09-17 8 196
Description 2021-09-17 22 873
Revendications 2021-09-17 4 87
Taxe finale 2021-10-12 3 209
Ordonnance spéciale - Verte revoquée 2022-03-25 2 175
Correspondance de la poursuite 2022-04-19 8 418
Lettre du bureau 2022-08-30 2 500
Description 2019-07-03 22 862
Revendications 2019-07-03 4 83
Correspondance reliée aux formalités 2019-07-03 1 24
Lettre du bureau 2019-07-15 1 62
Lettre de courtoisie 2019-07-15 1 73
Modification / Correspondance de la poursuite 2019-11-15 10 250
Correspondance de conformité 2019-11-15 4 80