CA 02476140 2006-03-22
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Mobile Manufacturing Equipment for an Organic Fertilizer
Utilizing Organic Matter and Its Manufacturing Method
Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention
[O1 ] This invention relates to the mobile manufacturing equipment and its
manufacturing method of organic fertilizer utilizing organic matter as a raw
material,
includin~~ organic wastes such as livestock excrements, food wastes, abattoir
wastes,
sewage and septic tank sludge, agricultural and fishery wastes, animal
cadavers, night
soil, and other organic matters all of which are rapid putrescible, odorous
and visually
repulsive and cause a significant source of environmental pollutions.
Background of the Related Art
[U?] Current treatment of organic wastes mainly relies on land reclamation or
cremation
and partly on recycling for animal feed and organic fertilizer by application
of
conventional technologies.
[US] Conventional technologies of recycling from organic wastes to organic
fertilizer
employ anaerobic and aerobic digestion treatments which require an extended
amount
of time U~ 2-3 months for digestion and composting, further the estimation of
decomposition is indistinctive and difficult.
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[04] Conventional recycling to animal feeds has some unsettled problems of the
removal of saline material and mad cow disease for plant-eating animals.
[OS] Thus, conventional technologies have their own limitation and problems in
practical application.
[06] The latest inventions including applicant's Korean patent No. 0387340
utilize a
sound treatment method based upon hydration of quick lime and/or light burnt
dolomite
which manufactures organic fertilizer from organic wastes at a full scale
plant enabling
a large volume treatment of organic wastes, and its application is being
widely
attempted since the treated material is a good organic fertilizer and/or soil
conditioner
for neutralization of acid soil and supply with deficient nutriments to soil
and plants
with odor free, visual free and hygienical soundness.
[07] However, this method also has significant problems such as big investment
for the
construction of a complete manufacturing plant, further-more it attracts an
antagonism
ti-om regional citizens and requires various approvals from local and federal
authorities,
all of which prove to be serious obstacles for practical application. As such
all the
conventional technologies invented up to date have not entered practical use.
Summary of the Invention
[08] The present invention is to provide mobile manufacturing equipment for
organic
fertilizer and its manufacturing method using organic matter including organic
wastes.
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The object of the present invention is to simplify manufacturing equipment and
its
process enabling less investment for and low costs in manufacturing of organic
fertilizer
from organic matter which substantially obviates and solves such unsettled
problems of
the conventional technologies for practical application.
[09] In attainment of the above purposes, the present invention constitutes
mobile
manufacturing equipment set up on a can -iage vehicle which offers a simple
and
singular continuous process that is draws in a collection of organic matter by
pump into
a mixing reactor where mixing reactions occur for manufacturing organic
fertilizer
during transport to a place of farmland where the product of the organic
fertilizer is to
be sprinkled by the pump.
[ 1 ()J For a easy purchase, maintenance, operation and diversion, the present
invention is
constituted to use ready mixed concrete truck as mobile manufacturing
equipment of
organic fertilizer.
[ 1 1 ] Further, the present invention is constituted to ensure that the
organic fertilizer is of
a better duality than the official specifications of organic fertilizer, and
to be safe to
human body, plants and soils, as well as free from odor and visual repulsion.
Features and technologies of this invention are set forth in part in. the
f01101i'ill'' description and in pant become apparent to those having ordinary
skill in the
art upon examination of the following or is learned from practice of this
invention. The
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objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained
by the
structure particularly pointed out in the written description, claims and
drawings hereof.
In the Drawings:
Figures 1 to 3 are diagrammatic illustration of apparatus suitable for
carrying
out several embodiments of the present invention; and
Figure 4 is a schematic representation in block form of the currently
preferred
form of the invention.
[13] The mobile manufacturing equipment and its manufacturing method of the
present
invention is described making reference to drawings annexed hereto as follows;
[14] Drawing-I illustrates a truck(1) mounting mobile manufacturing equipment
of the
present invention, which is found in the loading box(2) of a cargo truck(1).
This mobile
manufacturing equipment includes the basic characteristics of a technological
composition consisting of a suction pump(20) for collection of organic matter
into
mixing reactor(10) and, a mixing reactor(10) for the mixing reaction of
organic matter
with additives and, an additive supply device including a belt conveyor(30)
with
additives stored in the additive box(60) and, a gas induction pipeline for
induction of the
truck( 1 ) exhaust gas from muffler(3) into the mixing reactor( 10) and a
discharge
pump( ~U) for the discharge of organic fertilizer made in the mlxlng
reactor(10).
[1 ~] In aClditlOrl to the above mobile manufacturing equipment, additional
facilities of
open yard for natural drying, dryer equipment, plastic granulator, storage
tanks and
shipment equipment are prepared at a certain location.
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[16] It is most desirable to use a converter(drawing omitted) for the supply
of power to
the mixing reactor(10), suction pump(20), belt conveyor(30) and discharje
pump(50) in
connection with and from battery(4) and engine power of the truck(1), however,
a
device' for electric power supply can be mounted in the loading box of the
truck (1) if
required.
[17] The mixing reactor mixes and reacts organic matter by the rotation of the
agitator
impellers( 15) mounted both above and below part of the mixer sha$(14) to
which
power is supplied by the agitator motor(13).
[ I 8] The mixing reactor( 10) comprises a suction pipe at one upper part for
suction
collection of organic matter and, an additive intake(16) at the other upper
part for the
supply of additives and, a discharge pipe(12) at lower part for the discharge
of organic
fertilizer all of which are attached with an opening and shutting gate to
maintain the
inside high temperature and pressure of the mixing reactor in promotion of
manufacturing reaction as well as hygienical stabilization. Mixing reactor is
operated at
a optimum speed of approx. 1-30rpm, and its type of mechmism is selected among
agitating, paddle and screw type reactor in reference to the specific
properties of organic
matter and work environmental situation.
[ 19] The present invention uses a ready mixed concrete truck mounting a
pump(20/50)
for suction and discharge as the most efficient and economical mobile
manufacturing
equipment whose screw type drum mixer performs high mixing efficiency and
provides
various advantages of easy purchase, operation, and maintenance because it is
ready
made truck incorporating its own perfect electric supply device.
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[20] The suction pump(20) is installed at the central part of suction pipe(11)
and draws
in organic matter at a job site into the mixing reactor(10). If organic matter
contains
wood, rubber, iron scrap, plastic, cloths, etc. they are screening outdrawing
omitted) or
removed by handpicking prior to suction collection. It can be very effective
to attach a
screen net at the end of intake for screening of alien substances from the
organic matter.
[21 ] To increase the flowability and carbonation efficiency of organic matter
in the
mixing reactor( l 0), water content may be adjusted to a range of 60-90% by
simply
adding water at the time of or before suction.
[22] The conveyor(30) is a feeding device installed in the loading box(2) for
the feeding
of additives stored in the additive hopper(60) to the mixing reactor(10). the
conveyor( s0) transports additives into the additive intake( 16) of tile
mixing reactor( 10)
in a detincd amount LlSlllg the power of the conveyor motor(31 ) set on the
supports(33).
This convevor(30) is a merely exemplary of an additive supply and is not to be
construed as a limitation of this invention, instead of which a lifter, hoist,
hopper and
crane can be used.
[? ,] The ,idditive is classified into the 1 st additive and the 2nd additive,
dosages of
which arc described below; the 1 st additive is the additives for the sound
treatment of
organic natter consisting of quick lime, light burnt dolomite and light bLm~t
magnesite,
one of w-l~ich or a mixture selected among them are fed into the mixing
reactor(10) by a
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feeding device including the conveyor(30) in the amount of 5 to 100 parts by
weight
based on 100 parts by solid weight of organic material.
[24] The 1 st additive is fed into the mixing reactor after the feeding of
organic matter. If
the 1 st additive is to feed prior to the feeding of organic matter, residue
water inside
mixing reactor(10) should be removed to enable the 1st additive's hydrating
reaction is
to occur with the water in organic material.
[2~] The 2nd additive is additives for the ingredient improving mixture of
organic
fertilizer which can be fed into mixing reactor with no relevancy to the
feeding time of
organic matter as the 2nd additive is not a chemically reacting material but a
stable
1111XtL11'e.
[2C] The ?nd additives comprises of firstly, a siliceous materials of
byproduct slag from
iron work and wollastonite powder for rice plant fanning; secondly, a carbon
ingredient
of graphite, charcoal and active carbon for growth promotion of plants;
thirdly, clay
minerals liar supply of micronutrient elements; fourthly, zeolite, diatomite
and bentonite
for imps«vin~ soil canon exchange capacity; fifthly, sawdust for the
adjustment of
moisture content; sixthly, nitrogen, phosphate and potassium for the
improvement of
lertilizer nutrients; seventhly, organic material of farmyard manure, bark,
sludge or the
like for tloe supplementary of organic components; and eighthly, other
components for
customi-recl fertilizer.
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[27] The gas pipe(40) is connected between the muffler(3) of truck and the
mixing
reactor(10) and introduces exhaust gas to the bottom of the mixing
reactor(10). The gas
pipe(40) is attachable and detachable by the coupler(41). When the truck(1)
returns in
empty after work, the gas pipe(40) is easily detached.
[28] The discharge pump(50) is installed at the middle part of the discharge
pipe and
discharges organic fertilizer from the mixing reactor( 10) to a faun land or a
certain site
for processing of drying, granulation, storing and shipment.
[29] If the pump performs both functions of the suction and discharge, then
one unit of a
pump can be used instead of the suction pump (20) and discharge pump(50). To
meet
such requirements and simplify the manufacturing equipment, the present
invention
uses a hose pump, sand pump, mono pump and slurry pump.
[ ~0] For humping out of organic fertilizer in high solid density and
viscosity, a concrete
pump car is one of the available pumps.
[s 1 ] Drawing No.2 illustrates an other exploded view of a loading trailer
type mobile
manufacmrin'~ eduipment of organic fertilizer of the present invention in
which additive
boxes(OCi~, a pump(20/50) for suction (20) and discharge(SO), additive intake
chute(16)
and miaip~ reactor( 10) are mounted.
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[32] For loading on a truck chassis(2), 2 parallel convex-plane tracks of rail
shape steel
are attached at both under part of the loading trailer(70) and 2 concave
tracks of C shape
steel are attached on the truck chassis(2) whereon loading trailer(70) travels
when
loading.
[;] The loading trailer(70) is loaded on the chassis(2) of the truck(1) by
trailing along
on dual convexo-concave tracks and fixed to the truck(1) by fixing pin(72)
thru the hole
of the coupled truck link(5) and the vehicle link(71 ) and is unloaded for
stationary
collection of organic matter.
[34] The mobile manufacturing method with the loading vehicle manufacturing
eduipment is the same to that of the truck 1110Lllltlllg manufacturing
equipment(Drawing
No. l ) as aforementioned.
[35] Drawing No.3 illustrates an exploded view of a pulling trailer type
mobile
manufacturing equipment of the present invention on which the additive
box(60),
suction pump(20), conveyor(30), mixing reactor(10) and discharge pump(50) are
mounted. The pulling trailer (70) is interlinked to the tractor truck(1) by
the fixing
pin(72) thru the hole of both the coupled truck link(5) and the vehicle
link(71).
[ >(~]Tlm mobile manufacturing method with the pulling trailer manufacturing
equipment
is the same to that of the truck mounting manufacturing equipment(Drawing
No.l) as
aforememioned.
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[37] With these mobile manufacturing equipment, organic matter is manufactured
to
organic fertilizer on the way of transport to a place of destination by
hydrating,
carbonating, desalting reaction with the 1 st additives and by simultaneous
mixing with
the 2nd additives.
[38J The hydrating reaction of the 1 st additives is finished in 5 to 20
minutes that is a
stabilization treatment into strong alkaline organic fertilizer and follows
carbonating
reaction between dissociated OH~ ion from the l st additives and CO, exhaust
gas
introduced from the muff7er(3) of the truck(I) producing a neutral salt of
calcium
carbonate which is resulting in dealkalization. Calcium carbonate produced
from
carbunatiun takes place drawing the desalting, reaction.
[39] In rapid and strong hydrating reaction of the I st additives, it is
recommended to use
products of lump sized and very softly burnt. To increase desalting effect, a
desalter
selected forum the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium carbonate and
gypsum
material is added lllt0 llllxlllg reactor.
[40] Mobile manufacturing method of organic fertilizer from organic matter by
the
present imcntion comprises the steps of;
<a> suckin~~ collection of organic matter into mixing reactor(10) illustrated
in drawing
No. l - No. ; or drum mixer of a ready mixed concrete truck by suction
pump(20), the
step of organic matter collection;
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<b> adding 5 to 100 parts by weight of the 1st additives of stabilizer
comprising of
quick lime, lightly burnt dolomite, lightly burnt magnesite or a mixture of
these based
on 100 parts of solid weight of organic matter and the 2nd additives of
ingredient
improves and desalter to mixing reactor(10) or the drum mixer of a ready mixed
concrete truck, the step of additive adding;
<c=' manufacturing organic fertilizer by mixing reactions with the 1st
additives and
mixing with the 2nd addittives in tile mixing reactor (10) or in the drum
mixer of a
ready mixed concrete truck, the step of mixing reaction;
<d> introducing the exhaust gas of the truck(1 ) or the ready mixed concrete
truck into
the mixing reactor(10) or the drum mixer for the carbonating reaction to
dealkalinize,
the step of introducing exhaust gas;
<e> discharging dealkalinized organic fertilizer from the mixing reactor(10)
or the
drum mixer and sprinkling onto farmland, the step of sprinkling organic
fertilizer;
<f> processing organic fertilizer discharged by the discharge pump (50) for
drying and
'ranulatic~n, etc. the step of processing.
[41 ] In t1» step of mixing reaction as described in <c>, organic matter is
mixed and
reacts via exothermic hydration of the 1 st additives generating heat caloric
value of
~7~lccal 1»r lkg-GaO, 2541cca1 per 1kg-light bLU~~t dolomite and 220kcal per
lkg-MgO,
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and dissociate to CaT-, Mg-' and OH- producing a strong alkaline organic
fertilizer in
PH value of 11-13.
[42] Such reaction heat and Stl'Ollg alkali kills pathogenic organism and
parasites and
promotes sound treatment of organic matter. Ca'' having a strong combination
power
reacts with ammonia and sulfate compounds which are the odorous source of
putrescent
organic matter into calcium compounds resulting in chemical deodorization.
[43] For an increase of the deodorizing effect, active carbon, charcoal,
zeolite, diatomite
or bentonite as a deodorizer is added to the mixing reactor(10) at the time of
additive
adding.
[44] External shape of manufactured organic fertilizer is similar particle
shape to
general soils in brown to dark brown colour, thus also eliminating visual
disgust.
[~5] The content of harmful heavy metals is mainly depending on the components
of
organic matter which contaminates soils. Harmful metal should be treated
prudentially,
however. coil itself contains various heavy metals in micro quantity. General
organic
natter not mixed with industrial wastes also contains various heavy metals in
micro
quantity.
[4O] Harn~f_ul metal contents in organic fertilizer manufactured by the
present invention
tram pi«:mr~- wastes is greatly lower than that of Korean Official Standard
specified
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As<SOppm, Cd<Sppm, Hg<2ppm, Pb<150ppm, Cr<300ppm and Cu<SOOppm, and is
safe for fertilizer and/or soil conditioner.
[47] Overuse of organic fertilizer in strong alkaline PH value 11-13 after
hydration may
cause harmful effects to plant, therefore, it is recommended to fertilize at a
proper
quantity refen-ing to soil acidity.
[=1S] Overexposure of strong alkali to skin may also cause hypersensitiveness,
therefore,
it is required to make strong alkaline organic fertilizer to that of weak
alkali in securing
safety and fertilizing convenience.
[49] To meet above mentioned requirements, the present invention is devised to
introduce the carrying truck's(1) exhaust gas containing approx. 13% density
of CO,
from mui~fler(s) to the bottom of mixing reactor(10) through gas pipe(40) for
carbonatin'.; reaction. Truck exhaust gas can be introduced by exhaust
pressure itself
without a blower or compressor.
[~0] Exhaust gas is divided and sprayed into minute bubbles by the rotation
mixing of
the mixip~ reactor(10) and exhaust pressure, and CO, gas reacts carbonation
with
dissociatc~l ion of the l st additives producing neutral salt of calcium
carbonate resulting
in PH w~lue drop down of organic fertilizer from l l-13 upon hydration to 9-10
after
carbonating reaction.
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[51 ] Further, dealkalinization of organic fertilizer can be achieved by
drying in an open
air or rotary dryer. For instance, organic feutilizer made from piggery waste
with PH
value of 1 l-12 upon hydration is dropped down to PH value of 8-9 after
natural drying
in open yard for 2-4 days.
[52J As the organic fertilizer is a weak alkaline, harmful insects of flies
and mosquitoes
dodges while it gives a good function of propagation and growth of micro
organism as
organic matter is their feed.
[5,] Carbonating reaction is the secondary exothermic reaction generating
calorific
value of >651<cal per lkg of Ca(OH), and 206kcal per llcg of Mg(OH)2 which
causes
hygienical treatment killing pathogenic organism, parasite and coliforms and,
calcium
carbonate take place desalting reaction.
[54] Thus, the organic fertilizer manufactured by the present invention is
weak alkaline,
hygienically sound, odor free and visual unrepulsive, desalted and, is one of
good
organic fertilizer and/or soil conditioner.
[55] Optimal quantity of the 1st additive is ranged to 5 to 100 parts by
weight based on
the 100 parts of solid weight of organic matter.
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[56] As an example for carbonation rate to the 1 st additives by carbonating
reaction,
when optimal additive quantity is set at 30kg( 1 OOOkg X 1 S% X 20%) for 1 ton
of
organic minter, theoretical deall<alinization rate is as follows;
[57] Readv mixed concrete truck with 6m3 capacity and average fuel consumption
of
l.6km per 1 liter requires 25 liters (40km / l.6km/C) of fuel for one way
drive of 40km
distance. The C0171bL1St1017 Of 25 liters fuel produces 70.59kg of CO, gas(25
liters X 0.92-
petroleum conversion coefficient X 0.837-carbon producing coefficient X 44-CO,
per
1?-C). Hence theoretical carbonation rate to the 1st additives quantity is
approx. 50%
[(70.s91:~~-CO, X 56-Ca0/44-C02)+ (6m' x 15% x 20% X 1000)].
[58] The mechanism of hydrating, carbonating, desalting, deodorizing reaction
and PH
value calculation are defined as follows:
[59] 1. Hydrating Reaction
I ) Calcium Oxide(Ca0)
Forn~ula Ca0 + H,O ~ Ca(OH),
ElltllalpV ~.H =-235.70-(-151.80-68.32) _ -15.58
= 15.58kca1/mol/56.08 X 1000
= 278kcal/kg-Ca0
2) Magncaium Oxide(Mg0)
Formula Mg0 + H,O -> Mg(OH),
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Enthalpy ;~H =-221.00-(-143.80-68.32) _ -8.88
=8.88kcal/mol/40.32X 1000=220kca1/kg-Mg0
3) Light Bmot Dolomite
Formula CaO.MgO + 2H,0 --> Ca(OH), + Mg(OH),
Enthalpy 278 x 0.58 + 220 X 0.42 = 254kcai/kg-dol.
(60] 2. Carbonating Reaction
I ) Ca(OH),
FO1'll11111 Ca(OH),+H,O+CO, --> Ca~~+20H-+CO,+H,O
--' Ca~~+HCO,-+OH~+H,O
--' Ca~-+C03~-+2H,0 --> CaC03+2H;0
Enthalpy <'~H =-228.46-68.32-(-235.70-68.32-94.05)
= 27.03kcal/mol/74.09X1000
= 365kcal/kg-Ca(OH), = 482kcal/kg-Ca0
?) Mg(Ol-1)=
Formula 4Mg(OH)_+ 3C0, --~ 4Mg"+BOH~+3C0,
--~ 4Mg '+3HC0,-+SOH-
4Mg -+3C0,-~+20H-+3H,0
--~ 3MgCOj. Mg(OH),. 3H,0
Enthalpy . ~'.H = 3 X -261.90 - 221.50 +3 x -68.32
+4 x 221.00 +3 X 94.05 = -45.51
= 45.51kcal/mol/221.00 x 1000
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= 206kcal/kg-Mg(HO),=298kca1/kg-Mg0
[61 ] 3. Desalting Reaction
l ) Calcium Carbonate (CaC03)
2NraC ( +? ): +2CaC03 ~ 2Na'+2Cf-+2 ): +2Ca''-+2C03'-
--~ ):Ca--+ ):2Na'+ ):C03'-+ ):2C.~.-+ Ca'++ CO,'-
):Ca''+ 2Na-'+ CO,'-+ Ca'-++ ):CO~'-+ 2CC-
-~ Na.CO;+ CaCf,+ ):Ca=,+ ):C03'-_
2) Gypsum (CaSOa)
~CaSO, +2NaC L +2 ): -~ 2Ca'++250~'~ +2Na'+2C ~~+2 ):
---j Ca- + ):2Na-+ SOar+ Ca-'T+ ):2C.~- + SOa'
):Ca= + 2Na'+ SO~'_+ Ca'-.'+ ):S04'_+ 2C~-
Na,SOa + CaC L, + ):Ca''+ ):SO~'-
<Remark> ): = Colloid of Organic Matter
[62] 4. Deodorizing Reaction
1 ) 2(Cf f ;SH) + Ca0 -~ (CH3S)=Ca + H,O
2) 2(R-C'OOH)+Ca0 -~ (R-COO),Ca + H-O
;) Ca( (h-I)= + SOx -> CaSOx_, + H,O
4) Ca('(). + SOx ~ CaSOx_, + CO, T
~) Ca(()H), + H,S --3 CaS +2H,0
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6) CaCO;+ H,S -j CaS +H,0 + CO, T
[63] PH value of organic matter after hydration
Bases : Solid density 20% 2008-sol.om/kg-om
Water content 80% 8048-H,O/kg-om
Abbrev : sol = solid, om = organic matter
1 ) Ca0 quantity of 20 parts to 2008-sol.om
Qg-Ca0/ ( 2008+Q8-Ca0) = 20%
Qg= 408-Ca0/0.8 = 508-Ca0
2 ) The rest w-ater quantity after hydration
Water = 8008-( 188-H,O X 50h8-Ca0/56g-Ca0) = 783.938
3 ) Speci ( is heat after hydration(water=1.Ocal/8 C ,solid=0.2ca1/g °C
)
Specif c heat = 783.938 X 1.0 +(1050-783.938) X 0.2/10508
8 37.144 /1050 = 0.7973ca1/g~C . 0.8ca1/g C
4) Exothurn~ic reaction heat of hydration
Ca0+H,t t-jCa(OH),+15.58kcal/mole--->Ca(OH)_+278ca1/g-Ca0
5) Total cxothennie reaction heat
H = 278ua1/ g-Ca0 X 508-Ca0 = 13,900ca1/50g-Ca0
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6) Temperature of hydrated organic matter
T = 2S °C' -ambience + 13,900ca1/1 OSOg/0.8ca1/g C = 41.SS C
7) Solubility of Ca(OH), (0.141 at 40'C, 0.121 at 60 C)
D = 0.141-[(U.141-0.121) X (41.SS-40)/20]=0.13948-Ca(OH),/100g
8) Meltage of Ca(OH), in 783.93 grams of water
M=783.96 ~-H,O X 0.13948-Ca(OH),/1 OOg-H,O= 1.0928gCa(OH),
9) Dissociated quantity and density of OH-
Formula : Ca(OH)= --~ Ca y+20H- + 3.98kca1/mole
Enthalpy : ;~H =-129.74+2x-54.97+235.70 = -3.98kcal/mole
Dissociated Q'ty = 1.09288 X 2moleOH~/74.098=2.95 X 10-'mole
Density of OH- =2.95 X 10-'moleOH-/783.93 X 10-31H,0=0.03763mo1e
10) PH=14-[-log(OH-)]=14-(-1080.03763)=14-1.4245 X 12.58
[64] Detailed Description of the Prefen-ed Embodiment
[6S] Now . references are made in detail to the preferred embodiment and
comparative
embodiment of the present invention as follows:
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[66] At a pig fal-ln, approximately 8kg of pig excrements were collected into
plastic
container and mixed well, whose water content was 78.04% and PH was 7.02 which
is
v~eal< alkaline. This pig excrement was dried at 105 C for 4 hours and 7
samples of
dried pig excrements were prepared with 200 grams each in cylindrical plastic
containers of 3 litres volume.
[67] < Embodiment 1 >
3 samples were added city water each 600cc, 1130cc and 1800cc to produce a
water
contents of 75%, 85% and 90% followed by adding 40 grams of quick lime to each
and
mixed well for 5 minutes for hydration, subsequent carbonating reaction took
place for
40 n7inutcs by introducing CO, gas of 13% density(sin7ilar CO, density to the
exhaust
gas of ready mixed concrete truck) diluted from pure CO, gas to the bottom of
sample
container thru rubber hose at the speed of 1500cc per a minute, and then the
PH was
measured of the samples and the PH values thereon are presented in <table-1>
hereto.
[68] < Embodiment 2
samplm were added city water each 1130cc to produce a water content of 85%
followed by adding quick lime in the quantity of each 20 grams, 40 grams and
60
'rams(acHlitive rate of 10%, 20% and 30% by solid weight to dried organic
matter) and
mixed wall for 5 minutes for hydration, subsequent carbonating reaction took
place for
60 minutes by introducing C02 gas as same method as <embodiment 1>, and tllel7
177eaSLll-(:ll PH Of the samples at 20 minute intervals and tl7e PH values of
the 3 samples
are prescmed in <table-2> hereto.
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[69] < Embodiment 3 >
1 sample was added 1130ec of city water to produce a water content of 85%
followed
by adding 40 grams of quick lime and 8 grams of salt and mixed well for 5
minutes for
hydration, subsequent carbonating reaction took place for 60 minutes by
introducing
CO, gas as same method as <embodiment 1>, and then measured saline content at
every
20 minutes thereof and its saline content value is presented in <table-3>
hereto.
[70] < Comparative Embodiment 1 >
The PH values of 3 samples in <Embodiment 1> were measured at the time before
Cal'1)Ollallll~ reaction after hydration of quick lime, and the PH values are
presented in
<table-1== hereto.
[71 ] < Comparative Embodiment 2 >
The PH values of 3 samples in <Embodiment 2> were measured at the time before
carbonating reaction after hydration of quick lime, and the PH values are
presented in
<table-?-'- hereto.
[7?] < Comparative Embodiment 3 >
The PH value of the sample in <Embodiment s> was measured at the time before
carlao»~uip~ reaction after hydration of quick lime, and the PH value is
presented in
<table-s= hereto.
CA 02476140 2006-03-22
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[73] < Table-1 > PH values before and after carbonating reaction for 40
minutes added
10% of quick lime by water content.
water content 75% 85% 90%
before reaction 12.4 12.4 12.5
after reaction 1 1.2 9.7 9.5
[74] < Table-2 > PH values of 85% water content by adding quantity of quick
lime and
by the time of carbonating reaction.
additive/water 10%/20gr
20%/40gr
30%/60gr
before reaction 12.3 12.5 12.8
~
20min. reaction 12.2 12.3 12.5
40min. reaction 9.4 9.8 10.8
60min. reaction 8.8 9.2 10.3
[75] < Table- 3 > Saline density of 85% water content adding 40 grams of quick
lime by
the time of carbonating reaction.
reaction time before reaction 20min. 40min. 60min.
saline density 4.40% 3.60% 2.90% 2.30%
[7O] The forgoing embodiments are merely exemplary and are not to be construed
as
lllllitlll~~? tl~c present invention. The pl'eSellt teachlllgs Call be readily
applied to other type
of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be
illustrative,
CA 02476140 2006-03-22
23
and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications,
and variations
will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
