Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SPECIFICATION
This invention relates to blocks used in building construction by
masons.
Building construction by concrete and cynder blocks spread
shortly after the block production become reliable. The main reasons were
the lower cost and the time taken to erect a building comparing to brick
building construction.
In recent years earthquakes caused extensive damages in
buildings, especially when the wall constructed by concrete or cynder
blocks without reinforcement. Reinforcing by steel bars made buildings
stronger and safer, then concrete block construction further exploded.
Unfortunately the earthquake hit areas the damages are still
extensive, because the present block designes with reinforcement and
grouting could not develop sufficient strength to resist the exerted
pressures caused by the tremours.
In general, emphasis put to vertical reinforcement while the
horizontal reinforcement necessity are not exploited. If we are considering
to compare the length of a building to the height, we are generally find that
the height of the walls are shorter than the length of the walls, which
suggest that the horizontal reinforcing should be at least equal, or greater
than the vertical reinforcement to resist against the accuring stresses
during tremours.
The present block designs are not allowing adequate horizontal
reinforcement and concrete to be placed into the rows to develop enough
strength to resist damages in case of an earthquake.
I have found that the disadvantages may be overcome by a new
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set of block desigs which allow adequate space for placement of
horizontal reinforcement and concrete to each row to develop a beam like
structural strength, and also increase the vertical areas for reinforcement
and concrete to develop column like strength at the blocks openings
placed above each other. In addition to the horizontally placed single bars,
or the grid units of reinforcing shown in Fig.48, conduits for electrical
wiring
also could be embedded in the concrete horizontally or vertically.
Four blocks shown in Fig.1, 2, 3 and 4, which are the basic block
forms to build a structure. Fig.2 is in two lengths of 16 and 18 inches long.
Fig.S, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are convenient blocks to reduce block
cutting at construction sites, and extend the possibilities to design greater
tremour resistant block buildigs. The blocks may be made from concrete,
cynder, or other composition of materials, which may require that the wall
andlor the bottom thickness of the blocks are changed.
Fig.S is a corner reducer block, and Fig.6 is a mirror image of
Fig.S. The reasons for the mirror image is to allow to place the blocks to
any corner position for decreasing or increasing the connecting block two
inches in width which is the next block size. Their plan views for differet
sizes are shown in Fig.57, 58, 59, 60, 61 and 82.
Fig.7 is a T-block connecting equal size blocks. The plan views for
differet sizes are shown in Fig.63, 64, 65 and 66.
Fig.8 is a T-reducer. The plan views for differet sizes are shown in
Fig.67, 68 and 69.
Fig.9 is an N-block where the bottom of the block both ends are
shorter. The plan views for different sizes are shown in Fig.70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 75, 76 and 77.
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Fig.10. is a short corner block with 10 inch long legs. Their used
shown in Fig.84, where the 8 inch wide corner block columnar area align
underneath with part of the 12 inch wide corner block columnar are for
extending the vertical reinforcing bars. Similarly in Fig.85 where the 6 inch
corner block align with 10 inch wide block, or in Fig.86 the 4 inch wide
corner block columnar area align with 8 inch wide blocks underneath.
The corner block in Fig.1 connect equal width of blocks, with 14
inch long legs to ali 12, 10, 8 wide blocks, and possibble for 6 inch wide
blocks, in nominal measurements.
The U-block in Fig.2 represent both 16 and 18 inch long blocks in
nominal sizes. The two block length allow different wall length to design in
two inch increments by placing in a row the same or mixed length of blocks
of 16 andlor 18 inches, including two corner blocks to arrive to the desired
wall length. There must be a minimum wall length of approximately 12 to
15 feet for the stated 2" increments.
The mixed length in a row of blocks can only be achieved by stock
bond pattern construction, which could provide the maximum earthquake
protection for the block designed buildings.
The unique form of blocks may be strengthened by Fibermesh
fibre of polypropylene, or other admixtures, andlor Harborite specialty
fibres to increase strength, shrinkage and crack control, or other means as
metal inserts to reduce block breakage, which would be a scondary choice.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention, in which
an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
Fig.1 is a corner block,
Fig.2 is a U-block,
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Fig.3 is a 16" long one end closed block,
Fig.4 is an 8" long one end closed block,
Fig.S is corner reducer,
Fig.6 is a mirror image of Fig.S
Fig.7 is T-block,
Fig.8 is a T-reducer,
Fig.9 is an H-block,
Fig.10 is a short corner blocks with10 inch long legs,
Fig.11 is a plan view of a 12" wide nominal size corner block,
Fig.12 is a plan view of a 16" long 12" wide U-block,
Fig.13 is a plan view of an 18" long 12" wide U-block,
Fig.14 is a plan view of a 16" long 12" wide one end closed block,
Fig.15 is a plan view of an 8" long 12" wide one end closed block,
Fig.16 is a cross section at A-A of Fig.11,
Fig.17 is a cross section at B-B of Fig.13,
Fig.18 is a cross section at C-C of Fig.12,
Fig.19 is a layout example for 12" wide blokcs,
Fig.20 is a plan view of a 10" wide nominal size corner block,
Fig.21 is a plan view of a 16" long arid 10" wide U-block
Fig.22 is a plan view of an 18" long 10°° wide U-block,
Fig.23 is a plan view of a 16" long 10" wide one end closed block,
Fig.24 is a plan view of an 8" long 10" wide one end closed block,
Fig.25 is a cross section at D-D of Fig.20,
Fig.26 is a cross section at E-E of Fig.21,
Fig.27 is a cross section at F-F of Fig.22,
Fig.28 is a layout example for 10" wide blocks,
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Fig.29 is a plan view of an 8" wide nominal size corner block,
Fig.30 is a plan view of a 16" long 8" wide U-block,
Fig.31 is a plan view of an 18" long 8" wide U-block,
Fig.32 is a plan view of a 16" long 8" wide one end closed block,
Fig.33 is a plan view of an 8" long, 8" wide one end closed block,
Fig.34 is a cross section at G-G of Fig.29,
Fig.35 is a cross section at H-H of Fig.30,
Fig.36 is a cross section at I-I of Fig.31,
Fig.37 is a layout example for 8'° wide blocks,
Fig.38 is a plan view of a 6" wide nominal size corner block,
Fig.39 is a plan view of a 16" long, 6" wide U-block,
Fig.40 is a plan view of an 18" long, 6'° wide U-block,
Fig.41 is a plan view of a 16" long, 6" wide one end cosed block,
Fig.42 is a plan view of an 8" long, 6"' wide one end closed block,
Fig.43 is a cross section at J-J of Fig.38,
Fig.44 is a cross section at K-K of Fig.39,
Fig.45 is a cross section at L-L of Fig.40,
Fig.46 is a layout example for 6" wide blocks,
Fig.47 is a corner bar,
Fig.48 is showing three grid units above eack other,
Fig.49 is a Bar-loop,
Fig.50 is a cross section at M-M in Fig.49,
Fig.51 is a 12" Bar-holder,
Fig.52 is a 10" Bar-holder,
Fig.53 is a 8" Bar-holder,
Fig.54 is a 6" Bar-holder,
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Fig.55 is a wall elevation view and showing a door opening,
Fig.56 is a coss section of Fig.55.
Fig.57 is a plan view of a 12 to 10" corner reducer shown in Fig.S,
Fig.58 is a mirror image of Fig.57, shown in Fig.6,
Fig.59 is a plan view of a 10" to 8" corner reducer shown in Fig.S,
Fig.60 is a mirror image of Fig.59, shown in Fig.6,
Fig.61 is a plan view of an 8" to 6" corner reducer of,Fig.S,
Fig.62 is a mirror image of Fig.61, shown in Fig.6,
Fig.63 is a plan view of a 12" wide equal width T-block of Fig.7,
Fig.64 is a plan view of a 10" wide equal width T-block of Fig.7,
Fig.65 is a plan view of an 8" wide equal width T-block of Fig.7,
Fig.66 is a plan view of a 6" wide equal width T-block of Fig.7,
Fig.67 is a plan view of a 12 to 10" T-reducer of Fig.B,
Fig.68 is a plan view of a 10 to 8" T-reducer of Fig.B,
Fig.69 is a plan view of an 8 to 6" T-reducer of Fig.B,
Fig.70 is a plan view of a 12" wide, 1b" long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.71 is a plan view of a 12" wide, 18'° long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.72 is a plan view of a 10" wide, 15" long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.73 is a plan view of a 10'° wide, 18" long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.74 is a plan view of an 8" wide, 16" long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.75 is a plan view of an 8" wide, 18" long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.76 is a plan view of a 6" wide, 16" long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.77 is a plan view of a 6" wide, 18" long H-block of Fig.9,
Fig.78 is a cross section at 0-0 in Fig.71,
Fig.79 is a layout example for H-blocks with a corner block,
Fig.80 is a plan view of a 4 inch wide 16 inch long U-block,
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Fig.81 is a plan view of an 4 inch wide 18 inch long U-block,
Fig.82 is a plan view of a 4 inch wide 16 inch long one end closed
U-block,
Fig.83 is a plan view of a 4 inch wide 8 inch long one end closed
U-block,
Fig.84 is a layout examle of an 8 inch wide corner block of Fig.10,
Fig.85 is a layout example of a 6 inch wide corner block of Fig.91,
Fig.86 is a layout example of a 4 inch wide corner block of Fig.91,
Fig.87 is a cross section of Fig.80,
Fig.88 is a cross section of Fig.81,
Fig.89 is a cross section of Fig.82,
Fig.90 is a cross section of Fig.83,
Fig.91 is a plan view of a 6 and 4 inch wide and 10 inch long
corner block,
Fig.92 is the cross section of Fig.91,
Fig.93 is an example showing the advantage when laying down
the of H-block.
In Fig.19 showing an example for 12" wide blocks layout where 1 is a
corner blocks 2, 3, 4 and 5 are 16" long, 6, 7 and 8 are 18" long U-
blocks. 9 is a 12" to 10" corner reducer block shown in Fig.S, 10 is a 10"
wide U-block, 11 is a grid unit 1 shown in Fig.48, 12 is a corner bar and 13
is indicating the columnar concrete and reinforcement area. The
dimensions of 16'°, 17" and 18" are showing the center to center
distances
between columnar openings for the concrete.
In Fig.28 showing an example for 10" wide blocks layout where 1 is a
corner blocks, 2 is a 10°' to 8" corner reducer shown in Fig.5 and 3 is
a T-
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block. 4, 5 and 6 are 16°' long, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are 18" long U-
blocks,
and 12 is indicating the columnar area for grouting and placing reinforcing
bars. The dimensions are showing center to center columnar distances.
In Fig.37 showing an example for 8" wide blocks layout where 1 is a
corner block, 2 is an 8" to 6" corner reducer shown in Fig.6. 3 is a T-block,
4, 5, 6 and 7 are 16" long, and 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 are 18" long U-blocks.
In Fig.46 showing an example for 6'° wide blocks layout where 1 is
a
corner block, 2 is a corner reducer from 8" to 6" shown in Fig.6, 3 is a T-
block, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are 16°' long, and 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are 18"
long U-
blocks.
In Fig.47 is a Corner-bar to connect walls 90 degree to each other.
In Fig.48 1 is a grid unit, 2 is the Bar-loop, which is bent from straight
bar or forged as shown in Fig.49, 3 is showing the horizontal bars of the
grid unit, 4 indicating the weld at each corner to the Bar-loops which may
be placed 16" or 18" center to center distances, or double of those
distances without compromizing structural strength, especially over the
doors or windows.
In Fig.49 is showing the Bar-loop where the width and the height is
indicated for 6", 8°', 10" and 12" wide blocks, which dimensions vary
from
the estabilished wall and bottom thicknesses and the size of the blocks.
In Fig.50 is showing the cross section of the Bar-loop.
In Fig.51, 52, 53 and 54 are Bar-holders, their use shown at 6 and 7
in Fig.56, which may be placed 3 to 5 block length apart and become
part of the wall, which is cut from rainforcin bar.
In Fig.55 is showing an elevation view where 1 and 2 are 16" long and
3 is an 18" long U-block, 4 and 5 are 16" long one end closed blocks, 6 is a
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vertical, 7 is a horizontal reinforcing bar and 8, 9 and 10 are Grid-units. 11
is showing a roughly concave or convex concrete at the vertical column
area around the vertical reinforcing bar, otherwise each row of concrete or
grouting is finished flash with the top surface of the blocks before the next
row is constructed.
In Fig.56 is showing the cross section of Fig.55 where 1, 2 and 3 are
the Bar-loops, 4 showing the horizontal bars of the Grid unit, 5 is the
vertical bar, 6 and 7 are Bar-holders, and 8 and 9 are horizontal bars.
In Fig.57 to 62 inclusive, showing the plan views of the corner reducers
of Fig.S and 6, in which the blocks allow to reduce or increase the row of
blocks in four corner positions.
In Fig.63 to 66 inclusive, the T-blocks provide side wall connection
where the corner bars are used.
In Fig.67, 68 and 69 are the T-reducers to decrease the width of
blocks for starting a partition wall.
In Fig.79 layout 1 is a 12 inch wide corner block 2 and 3 are 18" long,
4 and 5 are 16" long H-blocks. The dimensions are showing the distances
between the large columnar areas, 6 and 7 are additional columnar
areas for concrete.
In Fig.84 layout example, 1 is an 8 inch wide short corner block of
Fig.10, 2 is an 8 inch wide U-block, 3 is a 12 inch wide U-block and 4 is the
brick facing.
In Fig.85 layout example, 1 is a short corner block of Fig.91, 2 is a 6
inch wide U-block, 3 is a 10 inch wide U-block and 4 is the brick facing.
In Fig.86 layout, 1 is a 6 inch wide corner' block, its plan view shown in
Fig.91, 2 is a 4 inch wide U-block and 3 is an 8 inch wide U-block.
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In Fig.93, 1 is showing a completed row of H-blocks as they are filled
with concrete, flash with the top surface of the blocks, except at
the columnar area where the vertical reinfocing bar extending and more or
less concrete could be placed around the vertical bar, similarly as shown
by 11 in Fig.55, 2 is showing the next row of blocks, 3 is the vertical
reinforcing bar, 4 is showing the mortered blocks, and 5 is the H-block,
just about to be placed onto the row. The advantage of the H-block is the
sideways manuvering possibilities to place the block between the vertical
reinforcing bars.
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