Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This invention relates to hoses ~or suction
and discharge purposes, as usecL ~or the transport o~ oil,
water, petrol, sand and gravel slurries, dredger spoil and .
many other liquids and slurries.
These hoses must withstand pressure operations as
well as vacuum operations and be resistant to kinking when
bent but at the same time form a comparatively small bend
radius.
Present constructions are usually from-2 inches -
(5cm) to 30 inches (75cm) internal diameter and are based
on a rubber lining or tube, a rubber cover and, between the ;~
tube and cover, some form of reinforcement. Such hoses can
withstand either pressure or vacuum. The rein~orcement !~ '
against pressure is generally a cotton or synthetic yarn, ;
which may be either woven or in cord form. Alternatively
wire cords can be used for this purpose. The reinforcement
against vacuum is ~ually a helix (or helices) or very heavy
wire which while resisting vacuum, external pressure, still
allows the hose to ~lex. Thus, conventionally, such hoses
are composed of rubber, metal and textile material, and
while resistant to pressure and vacuum do not resist crush- ;
ing.
In one particular application, the hoses are
provided with flotation material to enable the hose to
float on water even when ~ull o~ oil or dredging spoil.
Thus, the high density of a hose containing a helical
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wire reinforcement wire is a problem in that it requires
a large amount of flotation material.
Hoses rein~orced only with polyester high-denier
monofilament material, in particular "Macrofil" produced
by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd, have also been
proposed: see British Patent Specification No 1293200.
Such hoses are relatively lightweight.
The present invention sets out to provide an
improved relatively lightweight hose which is resistant
to pressure and vacuum operation and preferably either
resistant to crushing or of good recovery from crushing.
In one aspect the present invention consists ln
a hose o~ reinforced elastomeric material wherein the
reinforcement comprises at least one layer of
wound monfilament reinforcement and at least one layer
of aramid fabric rein~orcement.
Pre~erably the mono~ilament winding is applied
at arl angle of between 50 and 60 to the axis of the
hose. Preferably moreover, there are two such layers,
usually associated with an intermediate layer o~
elastomeric material such as natural or synthetic rubber.
One or more such layers may comprise a plurality of
wi~dings disposed one about another~ The monofilament
may be a polyester monofilament such as polyethylene ,;
25 terephthalate~ but other polymers~ e.g. nylon, can be ;
used.
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The fabric reinforcement is again preferably
applied at an angle of between 50 and 600 to the hose
axis and is a ~abric made o~ an aramid yarn, ~or example
a cord fabric or square-woven fabric. Preferably it is
used in conjunction with a suitable rubbery adhesive
layer on -one side.
It will be apparent therefore that the reinforcement
of the hose wall located between the inner lining and outer
cover, in a preferred embodiment, consists of a substantial
rubber lining with monofilament reinforcement on each sur-
face, to which the fabric reinforcement is adhered by the
rubbery material. In such an instance the fabric layer may
be outermost or innermost, and the order of the layers will
be monofilament-rubber layer-- monofilament - adhesive-
fabric layer.
It is also, however, envisaged to adhere the
fabric by means of the rubbery adhesive layer to one of
the monofilamen-t layers so that it is located between
the two monofilament layers and adjacent to the substantial
rubber layer. In such an instance the order of the layers
will be for instance, monofilament - adhesive - fabric -
rubber - monofilament. In either instance, of course, these
various layers are to be included within the inner lining
and outer cover. ;
The invention will be further described with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
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Figure 1 is a section through part of the wall
of a known type of hose~ and
Figures 2, 3 and 4 are corresponding sections
through part of the wall of various embodiments of hose
according to the invention.
Figure 1 shows a hose composed of an innermost
rubber lining or tube 1~ a pressure resistant reinforcement
2~ and a rubber cover 3. The pressure resistant reinforcement
2 may consist of fabric or natural textile materials, or
of a fabric made from synthetic textile materials~ or of
a layer of steel wire cords. A heavy wire helix 4 is
wound around the reinforcement 2 and thus embodied ln the
rubber cover layer 3. Such a hose~ while resistant to
pressure to crushing and is of relatively high density
such that it needs a large amount of ~lotation material
associated with it before it can ~loat on water.
Figure 2 shows a section of a hose wall according
to the invention. It consists successively of (a) an
innermiost lining~ or tube 5~ made of natural or synthetic
?0 rubber (b) a:layer 60f reinforcement fabric made from
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aramid yarn, the rein~orcement being applied with the q~
ma~or axis o~ the reinforcement at an angle of 55 to
the axis of the hose ~c) a rubber adhesiver layer 7
(d) a first layer of monofilament 8~ again wound with
its major axis ~t an angle of 55 to the axis of the
hose (e) a substantial layer of rubber 9 (f) a second
layer 10 o~ the monofilament applied at 55 to the hose `~
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axis (usually in the opposite sense to the fir~t) and
(g) a rubber cover layer 11. Inner and/or outer breaker
fabrics (not shown) may also be incorporated if desired.
Figure 3 shows a hose construction in which the
composition of the individual layers is as described
above in relation to Figure 2~ but in which the order of
the layers is different. Thu~ the layers are applied
in the order 5~ 8~ 7, 6, 9, 10 and 11.
Figure 4 agai~ shows a section of a hose wall
wlth the same components arranged in a further different
order. In this case the components are arranged in the
order 5~ 8, 9, 10~ 7, 6, 11.
Although layer 6 of reinforcement fabric of
aramid yarn and layers 8 and 10 of monofilaments for the
purpose~of illustration are shown as single layers 7 in
most instances each of such layers will he multiple layers~
com~osed of 2, 4, 6 or 8 layers with cord being applied
at 55% to the hose axis and each succesive layer being ;~
applied in the opposite sense to the previous layer.
Although the fabrics will in general be applied
at an angle of 55, for specific purposes e.g. for
flexibility and kink resistance angles other than 55
may be used for some or all of the layers of monofilament
and/or aramid.
The ma~ skilled in the art will realize that the
relative thickness of the layers, and the relative
thickness of the hose wall compared to the hose diameter
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are not necessarily as shown in the drawings but resemble
those thicknesses or proportions usual in the art. It is
to be notedthat the rubber layer 9 will in general have
a thickness in the range 5% to 10~, of the diameter of
the hose, and not less than ~ inch.
While the Applicants do not intend to be limited
by any theoretical explanation of their invention, it
appears that the layers of monofilaments (which are
preferably polyester monofilaments) provide resistance
to collapse under vacuum and that the layer of aramid
fabric reinforcement provides resistance to internal
pressure. Moreover, the hose is a relatively lightweight
in that all of the components are organic In nature
without any incorporation of metallic reinforcement.
The hose is also more flexible than conventional wire-
reinforced hoses and more resistant to crushing~ with -
good recovery after any crushing which does take place~
The layer 6 of aramid fibre fabric can be for :
example composed of a yarn of a tensile strength of 22
20 grams per denier and an elongationbetween 2% and 4% at -
break. This yarn can be made up as a cord fabric or
square wove~ fabric and for example can be of l,OOOdenier ;
or 2~000denier weight.
The monofilamanet is preferably based on yarns
25 in the 1,000 to 10~000 denier range composed of individual
monofilaments in the range 100 to 1,500 denier and a
ten~city of at least 6 grams per denier.
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Table 1 gives properties of the monofilament and
aramid yarns in comparison with other materials used in
hose reinforcement. This demonstrates the advantageous
properties of aramide fibres regardi~g strength and
weight. It does not demonstrate the advantageous
stiffness properties of the monofilament since there is
no suitable test.
TABLE I
ELONGATION PO~YESTER STEEL
AT BREAK % MONOFI~AMENT ARAMID ~YLON POLYESTER WIRE
13 2-4 13-16 11-17 2-4
10 TENACITY
GM~DECITEX 6.25 217.2-8.2 6~7-7.6 3.4-~0
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY 1.38 1.441.14 1.38 7085
The preferred structure is that shown in Figure 2,
since this makes the best use of the relative strengths
and stiffnesses of the compone~ts.
Table 2 compares the properties of hoses made
according to the construction show~ in Figure 2. These
hoses are specifically for the oil suction and discharge
purposes and in particular for use as floating hoses
used for this purpose.
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Table 3 gives details of the constructions of
the hoses to which the third and fourth colums of Table 3
relate, while Tables 4 and 5 give the properties of the -:
mono~ilament and aramid materials used in these hoses.
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TABLE 4
ARAMID YARN ~c FABRIC
WARP Aramid Yarn 1500 denier/2 fold/3 cable ~i.
Twist 5 tpi (doubled) 2.5 tpi (cable)
WEFT 30's/~ ply rayon
ENDS PER
INCH 20
PICKS PER `.
INCH 2
STRENGTH PER WARP_END .315 l~s
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TABLE 5
MONOFI~AMENT YARN ~ FABRIC
WARP (7 monofilaments) 4620 d.tex
:
WEFT -9's cotto4
ENDS PER INCH 25
PICKS PER INCH 2
STRENGTH PER WARP END 64 lbs
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Considering the properties shown in Table 2
it will be seen that the mono~ilament/aramid hose combines
all the good properties of all the hoses known in the art
; . .
with some additional properties unique to this construction:
(a) Elongation properties are as good as steel
cord hoses and better than purely monofilament
hoses. -~
(b) Minimum bend radius and crushing are the same
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as those properties for monofilament hoses.
(c) Specific gravity is the same as for mono- ,
filament hosesO ~ -
(d) The wall thickness for the monofilament/
aramid hoses is lower than that of the
purely monofilament hoses, while malntaining
the same specific gravity~ hence the weight
is less than any existing hose.
(e) Owing to the above combination of wall thickness ,
and specific gravity the volume (or weight) of
flotation material which must be added to the
hose to make it float with a reserve buoyancy ;
of 33% is much reduced in the case of mono-
filament/aramid hoses in comparison w~th any
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of the existing hoses.
It ~11 be seen that the volume of flotation
material is large compared with the volume of hose body
i.e~ 100% to 200%~ so the cost involved in both buying ~;~
flotation material and applying it to the hose is
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~1~)4S~58
considerable. Furthermore 7 owing to the reduced
amount of buoyancy material the susceptibility to
damage and the importance of loss of buoyancy material
are both reduced. :
While certain representative embodiments and -
details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating
the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in
th~s art that various changes and modifications may
be made therein without departing from the spirit or ;~-~
scope of the invention.
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SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE ,
While the intermediate elastomeric layer 9 may :.be a natural or synthetic rubber, in a further embodiment
of the invention a cellular foam material may be used
which may be made from a material chosen from the group
comprising natural rubber, styrene butadience rubber, poly- .
chloroprene rubber, cross-linked polyethylene, cross-linked ~:
ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer, polyurethane or . :
plasticized polyvinyl chloride, the density being in !~; "
the range 0.01 to 0.75 grms/ml. The total volume and density -~
of the cellular material is chosen to balance the higher
density of the other organic components so that the overall
density of the hose when full of water is in the range
of 0.6 to 0.9 grms/ml.
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