Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This application is a divisional of copending Canadian patent
application serial No. 268,428 filed on December 21, 1976 by Airrigation
Engineering Company, Inc.
This invention relates to the injection of oam into a pipeline
and, more particularly, to a novel plug used in the foam injection.
In order to make clearer what is being done, it may be said that
the present invention is used or injecting chemicals that kill root growth
in sewers; these chemicals are preferably delivered in the form of foam
which clings to the wall of the sewers and to obstructions such as tree
roots and grease inside the sewers. The specially prepared foam (described
in other U.S. patents) acts to reduce such growth as tree roots and to kill
the roots lying within the sewers.
The closest art known to the applicants is that disclosed in their
earlier U.S. patent 3,874,926. In that patent, oam is injected into a
pipeline by means of a tube having secured at its end an inflatable plug~
While this structure has proved satisfactory in many instances, such as for
treating house sewers and building sewers, it also has run into difficulties
in other conditions. Thus, when one wanted to treat a long pipeline, such
as a sewer in between two manholes, and started injecting foam according to
the method and apparatus described in U.S. Patent No. 3,874,926, back
pressure would build up, and the length o sewer pipe or other pipeline that
could be treated would be rather short because the building up of this back
pressure causes oam to flow back up building service lines and to enter
house fixtures. In other words, when the injected foam went out the end o
the tube, it would be pushed along the pipe by the pressure o the succeeding
oam, but soon the expelled oam would build up a resistance against the
newer oncoming oam, and the resistance or back pressure would rise. Soon,
the resistance would be such that the pressure o the newly issuing oam
would be orced into sewer taps and service lines and to ~low back up house
sewers into the house ixtures, or into such fixtures in other buildings.
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The major purpose of the present invention is to address thisproblem and to provide a system wherein a longer length of pipeline can be
processed in each treatment without requiring large additional pressures.
Another problem of the former invention was that it was substantial-
ly limited in use to service lines, such as building sewers. Yet problems
very similar to those found in building sewers occur also in the main sewers.
The present invention enables practical treatment of main sewers as well as
in service lines connecting homes and other individual users to the main
sewers The present invention is also superior in enabling treatment of the
lower portions of such branch lines from the main sewers; by controlling the
foam pressure in the main sewer, some foam can enter the service sewers and
still be kept from entering into the dwellings themselves.
It has also been found that sewer mains often have such heavy root
growths that they obstruct movement of the foam and cause the line foam
pressure to be excessive. With this invention, it becomes possible to extend
the foam discharge tube beyond the root obstruction; then, after the pipe
above the root growth has been filled with foam, the entire length of the
section of pipe to be treated can be filled with foam without using pressures
sufficient to force the foam up the building service lines far enough to
extrude into the fixtures.
Thus, among the objects of the present invention are: to provide
a novel type of inflatable plug and a system related to it in which a longer
length of sewer pipe can be treated while other factors remaining substantial-
ly the same; to provide a system which can safely be used to treat main
sewers; to provide a system having greater flexibility and adaptability than
that formerly obtainable; and to provide a plug and system which is better
suited to use in service line connections of the individual users to sewers
than is otherwise obtainable by the present art.
The invention incorporates an inflatable plug which has a flexible
walled cylindrical through-conduit and a flexible outer wall that surrounds
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and is spaced from the through-conduit and is joined to it by a pair of end
walls which define a chamber between the through-conduit and the outer wall.
One o the end walls has air inlet means leading in to the chamber. The
plug is made to be normally slidable relative to pipes with which it is to
be used, so that it can be freely inserted into the pipe, whether it be a
sewer or a service line, or whatever, and located in a desired spot; then
the plug can be inflated to seal the passage off between the through-conduit
and the wall of the pipe or sewer. In this respect, it is generally like
the prior art shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,874,926. However, it differs from
that in that the tube which is to be used to conduct the foam is made so
that it is normally slidable relative to the through-conduit. The tube can
thus be inserted into the conduit and pushed as far beyond the plug as may
be desired, extending to any desired location, and then when the plug is
inflated at its desired location to engage the outer wall snugly, the
plug also engages the tube snugly, preventing back flow. However, by proper
adjustment of the air pressure in the chamber, it becomes possible to move
the tube relatively to the plug while continuing to send foam through the
tube.
With the aid of this plug it becomes possible for the flexible
tube through which the foam is sent to extend for any desired distance
beyond the plug. For example, when it is desired to treat a length of pipe
extending between two points, the outlet of the flexible tube can be located
at approximately midway between those two points, with the plug located near
one of the points; then the expelled foam will go first in the direction
beyond the tube and, as pressure tends to build up there, tends to flow back
along and around the tube; then the foam will move in each direction alter-
nately at pressures sufficient to force the foam the full length of the sewer
section being treated, without creating enough pressure to force the foam
up into house fixtures. Those familiar with the art and this device can
adjust the tube outlet position to control the foam pressure as needed,
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even doing so while the treatmcnt is going on and while foam is being inject-
ed, if desired. In effect, this means treating a length of pipe much larger
and longer than would be practical with the device o U.S. Patent No.
3,874,926.
The method involves producing the foam and delivering it under
pressure to the inlet of the flexible foam-conducting tube and sending it
through that tube to its outlet while blocking off the pipèline which is to
be treated at a point lying back along the tube at a considerable distance
rom the outlet. This distance can be easily adjusted.
The method may also include adjusting the air pressure in the
chamber so that the plug can be held in position in the sewer pipe while
pulling the tube through the plug. In some instances thi.s is done while
foam is being injected.
The invention also is applicable to treating service lines by
insertion in a P-trap or similar cleanup of a home line, with the plug
ultimately being inflated adjacent the P-trap to prevent back10w and the
flexible tube set as far down the individual service line as may be desired,
to expel the foam there for ultimate flow in both directions but without ?
any flow coming back through the P-trap.
According to the present invention, there is provided a unitary
molded rubber plug for use in injecting ~oam into a pipe via a foam-conduct-
ing flexible tube, comprising: a flexible-walled, constant-diameter,
smooth-surfacedJ imperforate through-conduit for passage of said tube there-
through, a flexible imperforate cylindrical outer wall surrounding and
spaced from said through-conduit by a chamber, and a pair of stiff, thick
annular end walls integral with said outer wall and with said through-
conduit and thicker and stiffer than said outer wall and through-conduit,
so that no additional members are required to retain them against expansion ~-
when said plug is inflated for use, said end walls defining the ends of
said chamber and joining said outer wall to said through-conduit, one said
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end wall having air înlet means for said chamber, said plug being normally
slidable relative to a said tube when said plug is inflated sufficiently
to engage immovably against a said pipe, so t;lat said tube can extend through
and beyond said plug to a desired location and can be moved relatively to
said plug, said through-conduit holding a said tube snugly when said plug
i5 further inflated, said outer wall then engaging and sealing against said
plpe.
The present invention in conjunction with the invention disclosed
in copending application serial No. 268,428 will now be described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic view in elevation and in
section showing an installation embodying the principles of the invention
for treating a sewer main in between two manholes. The apparatus is shown
in use, the plug blocking the flow of water from above, so that water builds
up there, while foam is forced in below and fills the pipe as well as enter-
ing a controlled distance up the branch or service lines.
Figure 2 is an enlarged view in elevation and in section of a
plug of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a view in section taken along the line 3-3 in Figure 2.
Figure ~ is a somewhat further enlarged view of a portion of the
installation of Figure 1, with the flexible tube going in the opposite
direction from that shown in Figure 1. In broken lines, the expanded
position of the plug is shown.
Figure 5 is a somewhat diagrammatic view of an apparatus embodying
the principles of the invention installed in the clean-out of a shower drain
with a P-trap, for cleaning out a service line at an individual user's
cleanout.
Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 2 in elevation and section
of a modified form of plug embodying the principles of the invention.
Figure 7 is a view in section taken along the line 7-7 in Figure 6.
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Figure 8 is a furthe~ ~nlarged view of a portion of the install-
ation of Figure 5, employing the plug of Figure 6.
Figure 9 is an enlarged view in section taken along the line 9-9
in Figurc 1.
In all forms of the invention a flexible tube 10 is employed which
is of suitable strength and sufficient rigidity so that it remains erected
rather than collapsingJ but is also flexible enough to bend around corners
to enable its use in pipelines of various types. The size of the tube 10
depends generally upon the amount of foam that it is to conduct. It may
comprise a plastic or synthetic rubber pipe of the type which is resistant
to the chemicals employed. It may have some reinforcement or strengthening
around its circumference to maintain its rigidity, if that be desired.
The tube 10 has an inlet 11 and an outlet 12. The inlet 11 of !`
the tube 10 is connected to a foam generating member 13, which may be a
suitable type of pump in which air and liquid are introduced. The generator
13 whips large quantities of air into the liquid to generate foam. A
Waukesha pump made by the Waukesha Foundry Company, Inc., may be used, and
such a typical pump has a screened air inlet and an inlet hose and strainer.
As an outlet, a suitable hose type of tubing may b~ providedJ typically from
3/~ inch to 1-1/2 inch in diameter and pre~erably transparent to enable -~
monitoring the foam discharge. A one-half horsepower motor may be used to ;
achieve the speed of about 725 rpm, or an eight-horsepower gasoline engin0
may enable about 2000 rpm. Intermediate horsepowers and speeds may be used. '!`~ '
Such a device is eficient in generating and sending out foam in quantity.
It does so rapidly so that sewer laterals and septic system lines o normal
length can be filled within a few minutes. The typical foam output may be
in the range of about ten to eighty gallons per minute from about a half-
gallon to about four gallons per minute of the liquid mixture. The mixture ~ -~
itself is preferably 5% of suitable foam-making root treatment herbicide
chemicalJ containing a surfactant which helps to retain the foam structure
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and to remove grease and slime from roots, and the remaining 95% is water.
Such a foam and its active ingredien~s, once injected into a pipeline, remain
clinging to the roots and other internal pipe surfaces for some time even
after normal waterflow has been resumed, thereby treating the roots for an
extended period and removing grease and other soil, to enhance absorption.
The clinging effect prolongs the treatment assuring effective uptake by the
roots of the toxic quality of the chemical to assure complete kill and
extended regrowth control.
The tube 10 is used in conjunction with a plug 15 embodying the
principles of the invention. The plug 15 comprises an inner wall 16 which
surrounds and defines a cylindrical through-conduit 17. The tube 10 is
inserted into and through this conduit 17 and is slidable with respect to
the wall 16, though not so freely that a chosen position cannot be held well
enough for enabling the apparatus to be put in place. Yet it is sufficiently
slidable that the amount of the tube 10 which extends beyond the plug 15 may
be varied as desired until the plug 15 is actually inflated. Even then,
the plug 15 may be kept inflated at a pressure which holds it in place and
yet enables one to slide the tube 10 relative to the plug 15.
The plug 15 also includes an outer wall 18 which may be reinorced
by fabric 19 which preferably comprises a series of lengthwise extending
threads, disposed around the circumference so that outward expansion can
take place reely and yet there is reinforcement.
The wall 18 is joined to the wall 16 by stif, annular end walls
20 and 21, and the our walls 16, 18, 20 and 21 define an annular chamber 22.
The annular chamber 22 is completely enclosed except or a small opening 23
which leads through the wall 20. In this air conduit 23 is secured an air-
conducting tube 24 which extends outside the tube 10. During use, the air
tube 24 is connected by an elongated air conduit 25 to a suitable air com-
pressor 26, which generates air under pressure and sends it down through the
conduits 25 and 24 into the chamber 22. When air pressure is applied in
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sufficient amount, the ~all 18 is expanded, as shown in Figure 1 and in
broken lines in Figure 4, into contact ~ith an outer surrounding surface such
as a wall 27 of a sewer 28. The plug lS thus blocks off that portion of the
sewer 28 and prevents passage of foam around the plug 15. At the same time,
the inflation causes the inner wall 16 to hug the tube 10 very tightly and
to prevent the passage of any foam back between the tube 10 and the wall 16,
and also prevents relative movement of the plug 15 and tube 10.
Thus, in operation the tube lQ may be pulled through the plug 15
to any length desired, and the combination of ~he plug 15 and the tube 10
10inserted down a manhole 29 into the sewer pipe 28. The plug 15 is usually
located closely adjacent to the manhole 29, while the outlet 12 of the tube
10 lies at a suitable location, which may typically be about halfway between
the manhole 29 and a succeeding manhole 30. If the distance between the
manholes 29 and 30 is very great, the outlet 12 may be located only a
quarter of the way~ and then the tube 10 is later withdrawn from the manhole
29 and reinserted in the manhole 30 for treatment of the other held of the
sewer portion lying between these two manholes 29 and 30.
~hen the plug 15 is in place, air is applied from the compressor ;;
26 through the concluits 25 and 24 into the chamber 22 to inflate the plug 15
and cause snug engagement by the wall 18 with the pipe wall 27 and snug
engagement of the wall 16 with the tubing 10. The sewage liquid 31 is there-
by backed up in the sewer pipe 28 above the plug 15, partially filling the
manhole 29.
While this pressure is maintained, foam is fed from the foam
generator 13 to the pipe 10 and goes through the tube 10 and out the outlet
12 as foam 32. At the outlet 12 the foam tends to flow first toward the ` `
manhole 30 until pressure builds up sufficiently to cause backflow, and then
tends for awhile to flow back toward the plug 15. The flow tends to
fluctuate as pressures build up until finally a practical pressure level is
reached in which the tube is filled with foam 32 and also some foam 32
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enters service lines 33 and the manhole 30. Entry into the service lines 33
is controlled by controlling the injection pressurc, and foam 32 is not
permitted to flow back up into the house and house fixtures.
After this treatment the tube 10 may be withdrawn by deflating
the plug 15 and pulling every~hing out through the manhole 29. As stated
before, the foam will cling inside and wi~hdrawal therefore does not mean
the end of treatment. To enable easier withdrawal, the plug 15 may have a
wire loop 34 with an anchor molded into the end wall 20, and a chin or
cable 35 may be attached to the loop 34 during use. The cable or chain 35
10 may extend up to the top of the manhole 29 and held in place near there by
a manhole cover 36 resting on top of its end 37. When the plug 15 is
deflated, ~he chain or cable 35 and the loop 34 may be removed easier.
Also, the loop 34 and cable or chain 35 may be used in a special
treatment to help hold the plug 15 in place while moving the tube 10l the
air pressure in the chamber 22 being adjusted for this purpose.
Figure 5 shows a rather typical treatment of a seruice line
employing apparatus embodying the principles o~ the present invention. In
this case the plug is typically much smaller. Figure 5 shows a P-trap 40
having a normal inlet 41 and also having a cleanout 42 which is normally
20 covered by a cap or plate, not here shown. The P-trap 40 leads to a service
line 43, which ultimately joins a service main. For use of this invention
the plate is removed, and the plug and tubing are inserted into the cleanout
42.
Here, a plug 50 is used in conjunction with the tube 10. The
connection of the tube 10 to a suitable foam generator 13 is the same as
before9 and the same type of air compressor 26 and air conduit 25 can also
be used. A plug 50 having exactly the same form as that of the plug 15 may
be used, and by way of illustration again a different form of plug is shown.
Here, the plug 50 has an inner cylindrical wall 51, an outer cylindrical
30 wall 52 and annular end walls 53 and 54. The inner cylindrical wall 51 is
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shown somewhat thicker than the wall 16, and is shown to be somewhat re-
inforced, but again it defines a through-conduit 55 through which the tube
10 may be slicl into a desired position. The length of tube extending beyond
the plug 50 into the service line 43 may be regulated as desired. A chamber
56 is enclosed by the walls of the plug 50, and one end wall 53 is provided
with a conduit 57 for leading air into the chamber 56.
The reinforcement is preferably done by a series of circular
threads sothat expansion outwardly is feasible. In the present plug 50, a
series of circular ribs 58 is also provided around the outer circumference
of the wall 52, ~o enable even better engagement with the pipe 43. Also, ~ ;
a loop 59 is secured to the end wall 53 and the outer wall 52; rope may be
passed through the loop 59 to help in locating or removing the plug 50. :~
The operation of the system of Figures 5-8 is substantially that
already describedJ the tube 10 being adjusted to the plug S0 to give the
desired amount of extension beyond the plug 50 and the assembly thenlinserted
into the pipe 43 so that the plug S0 can be locked into the pipe 43 at some
point, preferably closely adjacent to the cleanout 42. Then the plug 50 is
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inflated, and its wall 52 engages the wall of the pipe 43, while its wall 51 -
snugly engages the wall of the tube 10. Foam is then generated and sent
down into the tube 10 and into the pipe 43 to treat it as before. Upon ~
completion the plug 50 is deflated and the assembly withdrawn. `
To those skilled in the art to which this invention relates, many
changes in construction and widely differing embodiments and applications of ;~
the invention will suggest themselves without departing from the spirit ;
and scope of the invention. The disclosures and the description herein are
purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.
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