Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
33~
This invention relate~ to a system ~or securing one ,~
element to another element by rivets and more particularly to
such system where the inner end of the rivet may not be readily
accessible for deforming to form a rivet head.
The system disclosed herein may be used to join var-
ious and diverse elements together and the present invention
is not to be construed as limited to the illustrated and des-
cribed embodiment of invention wherein one element is a belt
fastener and the other element is a belt such as a conveyor
10 belt. The invention is described herein in connection with -~
two kinds of belt fasteners, the first being a plate belt
fastener such as shown in U. S. Patent No. 3,141,346 and the
second being a hinged belt fastener such as shown in U. S.
Patent Nos. 3,742,557 and 3,176,358. In both kinds of belt
fasteners, upper and lower portions thereof are secured to
the top and bottom surfaces of a belt by rivets. The plate
belt fasteners di~er rrom the ninge belt fasieners in thai
the plates span the gap between belt ends whereas in the hinge
belt fastener, each plate is formed with a central U-shaped
hinqe portion with adjacent hinge portions pivotally con-
nected by a hinge pin. Usually, a plurality of belt fas-
teners are attached to each transverse end of the belt. The
bel" fasteners are secured tightly to and generally flush
against the respective top and bottom sides of the conveyor
' 25 belt by a plurality of rivets which project through the belt
and are driven against the belt fasteners to maintain them in -
- tight enga~ement with the belt. The rivets may have a per-
formed head whi~h seats in a depression in the top plate or
~astener and the opposite end of the rivet is upset or flared
to form a lower rivet head, seated in a depression in the
lo~er plate or fastener.
To assist penetration of the rivet through the belt
,.
~ 33~
and into the apcrture in the underlying bo~tom plate of a
hinge belt fastener, a pilot nail or mandrel has been used in
combination with the rivet, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
3,742,557. This patent discloses an adhesive tape securing
the pilot nail to the rivet; and, as the pilot nail is driven
in through the belt, the adhesive tape is automatically
. ~tripped therefrom thereby automatically separating the rivet
from the nail. To form a rivet head on the bottom side of
the belt, the belt is either overturned to expose the inner
ends of the rivets to a riveting tool, such as shown in
FIGURE 12 of the patent, or access was had from beneath the
belt to use the riveting tool to form the lower rivet heads.
O~ten, it is not possible to turn the belt to ex-
pose the inner rivet ends; or it is difficult or impossible
lS to reach the interior ends of the rivets. Since the plate
fasteners span abutted belt ends, it is not possible to
f'ex a..d 'urn the bel~ to expose L.ie und~rsidë therëor as witn
the hinge kind of belt fasteners. Thus, there is a particular
need for an improved system for riveting plate kind of belt
fasteners.
The time required to install and the ease of apply~
ing a belt fastener are important. Particularly, when a con-
veyor in a mine or other operation is out of commission, the
amount of ~owntime needed to join the belt ends may be the
most significant consideration. Even where the belt may he
readily turned, the use of the riveting tool to upset the
inner ends of rivets may be an arduous and time-consuming task.
- With ~he system oE the present invention, the inner -
ends o~ the rivets may be upset without turning the belt and
30 without the use of the rivet tool heretofore employed. Also,
the preferred system assists in accurately spacing and align-
' - ing the rows of belt fasteners relative ~o the belt ends and
i
-2-
, : ' . . ,: , , , : ~ . . : '
,
33~
to each other to receive a hinge pln. The present invention allows
~nstalling these b~lt fasteners where, heretofore, it has not been
possible to use this ~ind of bel~ fastener and still retain the
use of pilot nails~ to penetrate and guide a rivet through the belt.
~ ccordingly, a general objec~ of the present invention is
to provide a new and improYed syste~ for riveting together two
ele~entg, particularly where the inner ends of the rivets are not .
accessible for deformation by the usual manual rivet tool.
~ nother ob;ect of the invention is to provide a new and
~i~proved system for securing belt fasteners to a belt end.
Co-pending Canadian Patent Application Serial No. 228,747
led June 6, 12-75, of w~ic~ this is a division, relates to a belt
fastener system for attaching ends oE a belt together. The present
~nyention r.elates to an anv~l nail and rive.t assembly for:use in~
~uch~a s~stem.
Broadly ~tated, therefore, the present inYention is defined
as an anyil nail and riyet as~sembly for use in fastening a belt ;-
f~stener ta a belt end comprising: a rivet having a }ongitudinally
~tending body and a head at.one end of the body, there being a
-:2Q longi~udinally extending bore at t.he other end of the body openin~
~nto the ot~er end of the rivet bo.dy and defining a circumferential
~all for flaring out~7ardly ~hen attaching the riyet, an anvil nail
_~aving an upper end releasabl.y.secuFed to the other end of the
r~yet, a pointed lower end on the nail for penetrating a belt,
an elongated shank on the anyil nail extending up~ardly ~rom the
lower pointed end, an anvil surface on the upper end of the nail
disposed.beneath ~he other end of the rivet and at the upper end
of the shank, the:anvil surface.including an enlarged s~oulder
29 surface on the upper portion of the shank extending out~ardly
;, 1, .
.~ r ~ h~
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, ~ : .
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to flare and roll the other end of the rivet and a stop surface
on the anvil nail for limiting travel of the nail and allowing the ;
riyet to continue travelling w~th the other end heing deformed
by the anyil sur~ace.
Other objects and advantages of the invention wlll
become apparent from the followlng detailed description taken
in connection with the drawings in whlch:
FIGURE 1 is an end elevational view of a belt fastener
being attached to a belt end by a novel nail and rivet and a novel
system embodying the invention;
FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of
FIGURE l;
FIGURE 3 is a plan view of an anvil support means, 2S
- shown in FIGURE 1, with the belt and belt fasteners removed
:- therefrom;
FI6URE 4 is a side view of the anvil supporting means
of FIGURE 3;
FIGURE S illustrates driving a nail and rivet :
cb/ - 3a -
. .:~. - . :, . ,
,. :, . . ~ . .. .:: : .. : :
.. ..
~34~3~ :
through the belt ~nd into the anvil supporting means,
PIGURE 6 is an enlarged, longitudinal, cross-section-
al view of a nail and rivet constructed in accordance with the
preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 7 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross-sec-
tional view of an inner end of a rivet being flared in accor- ..
dance with the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIGURE 8 is a cross-sectional view of a rivet secur-
ing a portion of the belt fastener to the belt;
PIGURE 9 is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of
another embodiment of a nail and rivet assembly;
FIGURE 10 is a view of the head of the anvil nail
used in the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURE 10.
- FIGURE 11 is an enlarged fragmentary, sectional
view of an anvil supporting means made in accordance with
::
another embodiment of the invention;
FIG~E ;2 i~ a side ~le~atiorlal view of a pi~t~ fa~
tener; . . ~ .:
PIGURE 13 is a plan view of a plate fastener;
FIGURE 14 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional
view of a tapered rivet wall fastened to a tapered end of an
anvil nail;
FIGURE 15 is an end view of another anvil means i.
~uch as used for joining plate fasteners to a belt;
. FIGURE 16 is a lower guide for plate fasteners for
use with the anvil means of FIGURE 15; , :.
i FIGURE 17 is a top plate fastener guide for use with
~ the anvil means of PIGURE 15; .- ~-
PIGURE 18 is a plan view of the anvil supporting
means of FIGURE 11; and
' FIGURE 19 is a view of another embodiment of the
! invention.
. ' ' ~
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~L83~
As shown in the drawings for purposes ~f illu~tration, the
inyentiOn i9 embodied ln a system 11 for securing a first element
such as a belt fastener, either a hinge belt fastener 12 ~FIGURE 1)
or a plate belt fastener 212 CPIGURE 12), to an end 14 of a second
element such as a conyeyor belt 15. The invention will irst be
described in connection with.the hinge kind of belt fastener 12.
As shqwn in FIGU~E 2, the conyeyor belt 15 is usually much wider
than an indi~idual belt ~astener 12 and ~herefore a series of belt
~astenerS 12 are aligned and secured to the transverse end 14 of
10 the belt. While not sho~n, t~e other end of the belt is likewise ,~
proyided wit~ a si~ilar series o belt fasteners which will have
hinge Fin receiylng U~shaped portions interlea~ed with U-shaped
hinge p~n receiving portions 17 of the illustrated belt fasteners
to receiye co~mon ainge pin, which is generally in appearance ~
si,milar to a gauge pin lq inse~ted through the U-shaped hinge : :
portiOns 17 of the resp~ctive belt fasteners to align them as
sh,o~n in pIGURES 1 and 2.,
The belt ~asteners 12 are usually formed o metal with a
~ generally ~lat upper plate 21 ~or engagement with an upper side
2Q o,r, ~ace 23 of the belt l5. A lower pIate 25 on each beIt fastener
ab~uts'a lowe~ face 26 of tLe'belt 15. ~ plurality of riyets 30
~ecure each belt fastener 12 to the belt 15 with an outer or upper
head 33 ~I~U~ES 6~ ~ and 8) preformed thereon and seated in a
~: deFression in the upper plate and pro~ecting into an aper~ure 34
in the top plate 21 to abut the latter. ~n elongated riYet body ,i
F shank 35 on each rivet e~tends through the belt with a lower or
inner end 32 o~ the riyet passing thro~ugh an aperture 40 in the
bottom plate, The lower end 39 of each rivet must be deformed to
orm an enlarged lower head 41 and which engages the underside .:
~, 30 o~ the bottom plate 25 about the aperture bO t,herein.
cb/ _ 5 _
. ~L()4~33~18
To a~sist the insertion of a rivet body 35 through
ths belt lS and entrance of the rivet end 39 into an aperture
40, a nail 29 is separably attached to the rivet end 39 so
that by application of suitable force to the rivet head 33,
S pointed end 42 of the nail is forced through the belt with
the rivet body following to span the pair of aperturss 34 and
40 formed in the respective upper and lower plates 21 and 25.
Then, it is necessary to deform or flare the lower ends 39 of
the rivets to form the heads 41 abutting the lower plate 25
of the fasteners 12.
Where a large number of rivets 35 and fasteners 12,
e.g., five rivets for each fastener and the wide belt illus-
trated herein, a turning of the belt end 14 over and the use
of a manual rivet upsetting tool (not shown) and hitting the
lS tool with a hammer to deform the now exposed lower ends 39
of the rivets is a time-consuming and tiresome task. More-
over, in some inst~nces, ~cce~s cannot be ga-ned to the under-
side of the conveyor belt 15 so as to permit the use of the
rivet tool and hammer at the underside of the ~elt for up-
setting the lower ends 39 of the rivets. As will be explained
hereinafter in connection with plate fasteners 212, the adja- -
- cent belt ends are abutted and the flat plates 212 spanning
and joining the belt ends prevent the turning over of the
belt ends:to allow use of the rivet tool from above. Often,
25 it is not possible to reach the rivet ends and -to hammer the -
rivet ends from beneath the belt when using plate belt fas-
teners 212. Thus, there is a need for a new and improved man-
- ner of deforming or upse~ting the lower ends 39 of rivets 30
used to secure belt fasteners 12 or 212 wihtout having to turn
over the belt end 14 and in a quick and more economical man-
ner.
In accordance with the present invention, the lower
~ ....
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.... , I '
. . , . , :' . ~ :
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.. : . . , . : : . :
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ends 39 of the rivets 30 may be formed with heads 41 without
having access to the lower ends of the rivets because one of
the elements such as the belt end precludes access to the
riv~t ends 39 for hammering with a rivet tool. To these ends,
the rivet ends are deformed by an anvil surface means 44 on
the nails 29 to u~s~t and deform the lower ends 39 of the
rivets 30 after the nails have traveled through the belt and
into an underlying anvil support means 43. Thus, a continued
application of force to the up~er heads 33 of the rivets 30
as with a hammer drives the nails 29 into the support means,
which arrests the nails, 30 that further downward movement of
the rivets under additional hammering causes the lower ends ~ -
of the rivets to flare and deform along the anvil surfaces
into the heads 41. To achieve the deformation of the lower
ends 39 of the rivets by the anvil nail surfaces 44, the
latter are provided with outwardly flaring curved surfaces
WiliCh ~erve t~ riare radially outwardly the thin wall or the
rivets as the lower edge 45 of each rivet abuts the anvil sur-
face and rivet is continued to be driven downwardly. Herein,
the anvil nails 29 are held against further downward movement
during the deformation of lower rivet ends by a stop surface
46 thereon abutting stop surfaces 47 on the anvil support ;
~eans 43, the latter is positioned beneath the belt and is j ;~
- ~ested on à conveyor dead plate or other statlonary surface.
The anvil support means may have shapes other than that des~
cribed herein to receive the anvil nail and limit its travel
during the forma~ion of the rivet head 41. ~ -
~n this preferred embodiment of the invention, the
lower rivet heads 41 are initially flared by the anvil nail i
33 surfaces 44 and are finally seated and ~ormed by anvil sur~
faces 48 as best seen in ~IGURE 7, on the support means 43. ~;
~ore specifically, the anvil surfaces 48 on the support means
7- _
.~ ' ,
.. .... . . ~: ,.
" .. . . . . . ..
-:: , . . : . . ..
:: . .- ., , : , :
are disposed outwardly and encircle. the nail anvll surfaces 44 and
are abut~ed by a riyet end only after lt has b~e~ spread radially
Qut~ard thereto by the nail anvil surface 44. It is then that the
anyil surfaces 48 deflect t~e ri~et ends more generally up~ardly into
positions and into depressions ~n the lower surface of the belt fast-
ener with the r~vet material being rolled and peened and compressing
the belt bet~een the upper and lower plates or fasteners to assure
t~at the ~asteners are disposed tightly against the upper and lower
~des of the belt. ~hatis, the continuing hammering of the rivet
on its upper ~ead 33 compresses the belt and causes the rivet to be
moYed do~nwardly and causes the upper plate 21 to be forced tightly
against ~he upper belt surf~ce as the Iower plate 25 is being simul-
taneously forced t~ghtly into engagement with the lower surace oE
t~e belt and rivet head 41 is ~e~ng driven and rolled into tight
- engaging~relat~onship with the lower belt surfacs. The belt fastsners
~ust be h~eld tigRtl~ against the belt.
~ lso in accordance with this preferred system, the anvil
~Upport means comprises means for spacing plurality of fasteners 12
at predetermined interyals across the belt end. ~oreo~er, when
2Q b~nge fasteners are being used7 t~e U- haped hinge portions 17 are
F~operly posltioned and located ~oy the gauge pin 19 so that a hinge
Fi~ ~not show~) may be readily aligned and ~lid between the hinge
U_sh~aped openings 1~ for each of the opposite sets of fasteners on
the respective belt ends.
~ eferring now in greater detail to the riyet 30, it
~i~s a commercially ayailable and conventional kind made from
~etal, for example, a corrosion resistant metal such as stain-
less steel, straight steel or an alloy, such as monel. The
29 r~ijyets ~ay have various diameters for their bodies, with the
c~ 8 -
.:
,: ~ -.
.
:, ' ~ ' ' ''
.
-:- . ' , '
33~8
illustrated rlvet having a nominal 3/16 inch body diameter. In a
conventional manner, the rivet has its upper head 33 preformed wlth
a generally rounded outer surface 53 and with its lower opposite
end 39 ~ormed with a cylindrical bore 55 extending axially from the
lo~er edge 45 of the ri~et and defining a thin lower cylindrical
~all 57 ~hich may be upset or deformed to form the rivet head 41
Y~ow~n in PIGU~E 8.
In t~e illustrated and preferred embodiment of the inven-
t~on, the riyet 30 and the anvil nail 29 are ~oined together by a
,b,ondi,ng means 59 ~IGURE 61 waich is preferably in the form of a
glue, adhes~ye or a bonding agent of a predetermined strength which
h~olds the~ together for initial handling and for driying into the -
~belt5 The bonding means 5q does not Break when the nail and the
Xiyet p,i,erce tt~e ~elt, as does ttle exterior tape used heretofore,
~p t~at t~e'anyil nail sur,face 44 remains aligned with the rivet end
.
to accom~lis~ the flaring of the rlyet end. It i9 the flaring of
t~e riyet wall S~ from ttle nail 29 which automatically breaks the
.
adhesiye bond means S9 and saparates the rivet from the nail. ~hen
~oining th~e rivet and nail, an upper cylindrical end 61 of the -
any~i,l nai~l i,s telescoped into the bor'e 55 with the nail end 61
c,oated wit~'a~ ad~eg~ve which adheres to the -.5nner surface of the
c~i~rcu~ferential wall 57 of the rivet. Other means may be used to
joi,n the riyet and anyil nail together and fall ~ithin the purview
~f th~e invention. ~ -
For the purposçs of deforming the lower riyet end 39, the
p?referred anvil surface 44 has an upwardly opening and outwardly
extending a~cuate curyature. In this illustrated embodiment of ~'
th~e, inventlon, the an~il surface has a 0.047 inch radius c~rvature
on the upper side of an enlarged shoulder 63 formed ad~acent
the top of the nail. The
cb/ ' - 9 -
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: , ' . ., : . ' ' ' ''. . , ' ' '. ' ': ;', ' ~ ' . ,
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: . , , ' '
anvil surface 44 extends from the cylindrlcal shank portion
65 of the nail to the outer and maximum di~meter for the
shoulder. E{erein, the maximum qhoulder diameter is 0.184
inch, and it is located 0.080 inch beneath a top surface 67
at the head of the anvil nail. The upper nail end 61 is rela-
tively short compared with the pilot nail used with a rivet
in the aforementioned patent so that it will not abut its top
surface 67 with end wall 68 at the top of the rivet 55. Also,
the flaring of the rivet material should be terminated short
of the end wall 68 or else lines of stress or fracture some-
times develop adjacent tha end wall in the rivet end wall 57.
~ erein, the anvil nail has a nominal shank diameter
of about 0.120 inch. For the purpose of limiting downward
travel of the nail, the stop surface 46 on the anvil nail 29
is preferably a conical surface disposed at an angle o~ about
28 to the vertical to abut a similar inclined conical surface
47 on the anvil support means 43. The nail is a harder metal
than the rivet metal and has a thicker cross section than the
rivet wall 57 so that the rivet metal rather than nail metal
displaces and ~orms the rivet head. Manifestly, other shapes
and sizes of anvil surfaces and nails and rivets may be used
and fall within the purview of the present invention, the
. . .
sizes described herein being merely illustrative and not limit- ' ~\?
ing of the invention.
To assist in driYing the flared lower rivet ends 41
upwardly and tightly against lower plate 25 of the belt fas-
tener 12 and to assure ~hat the lower plate 25 i8 driven up-
ward~y tightly against the lower surface 26`o~ the belt, the
~nvil means is formed with upwardly projecting means 70 in the
30 form of projections which may be integrally formed on the j -
anvil means 43, as shown in FIGURE 11 and described hereinafter,
or in the form of buttons 71, as shown in FIGURE 1. The lat-
,
-10~
,
..:
: . .
: : . ` ` , : .. :
. . .
~w~
ter projec~ upwardly from the general planar surface 73 of the
anvil means 43 which is prefera~ly c~annel shaped having an upper
flat horizontal web 75 ~i~h apertures 77 ~ o which are inserted the
~b~uttons 71. The buttons 71 ar~ precisely locatqd on the web 75 so
that each bore 1~. in a butron ig disposed immediately beneath a
Fair of aper~.ures 34 and 40 in a belt fastener to receive therein
t~e lo~er end of a nail 29. aerein, the stop surfaces 47 for
limiting trayel of th.e nails are formed as conical surfaces in
enlarged head portions 80 on the buttons at the top portions of
lQ t~e nail receiving bores J9 in the buttons. These head portions
80 of the buttons haYe radially extending shoulders 91 for abutt-
~ng the upper surface 73 o~ t~e.web 75' and ~olding the same against
~eing ~orced through the support means 43. ~:
~s best seen in F~GURES 2 and 3, the buttons 71 are ar~ang~
~ ~d in clusters of five at each of the belt fastener 12 locations
.~ith the buttons Being spaced from one another and from locating
.` ~urfaces 85 on the anvil support means 43 so that the bores 79 ;~
i~ the.buttons are aligned with the apertures 34 and 40 in the belt : :
- .
~astener plates 21 and 25... ~erein, the locating-surfaces 85 are ~.
2Q yertically extending surfaces ormed on one side o each of a ~
.
~eries of upstanding pos~ts 87 fastened to and supported by the
~e4 .75 o~ the anyil support means 43. Side edges 89 on the upper :~
and lo~er plates 21 and 25 of each of the belt fasteners 12 are .~-
.:
ab~utted agalnst the locating surfaces 85 and the gauge pin 19 is
nserted through apertures 91 in the upstanding blocks 87 and
t~ro~gh the U-shaped hinge portions 17 of the belt fasteners.
Also, as bes:t seen in ~IGURES 1 and 5, eac~ of the belt fasteners
has an upstanding lug 93 upturned rom the bottom plate 25 at a
location adjacent the hlnge portion 17 for abutting end wal~l
Q ~5 of the belt 15. This lug 93 unc~ions to limit the amount
~.
cb/ ~ 11 -
': ....... - ' . . . '' ' ' '' ' ' ' ., -': '-' ' ':~ ' ' : '' :' :
: . : . .. . .. . . , ~ , -
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3~3
of insertion of the belt end into the space between the upperand lower plat~s 21 and 25. Therefore, with the belt end 95
abutting the lugs 93 on each of the belt fasteners 12 and
with the belt fasteners abutting their sides 89 against the
respective gauge su~faces 8S and with the gauge pin 19 in-
serted through the respective U-shaped hinge openings 17, the
belt fasteners 12 will be properly aligned over the clusters
of buttons 71 on the anvil support means 43 with apertures 3~
and 40 in the belt fastener plates aligned with the bores 79
in the buttons 71.
~ ach of the upper and lower plates 25 is provided
with beveled transversely extending free ends 97 which, when
the rivets are driven into position, bites or penetrates
slightly into the adjacent surface of the belt as the inner
sides of the plates are hammered into tight and intimate con-
tact with belt surfaces. Herein, the beveled free ends 97 are
aligned in a common vertical piane.
Although the preferred embodiment of the invention
uses additional anvil surfaces 44 on the buttons 71, the an-
vil nails alone may be used to form rivet heads on the inner
ends of the rivets, as will be explained hereinafter in con-
nection with FIGURES 9 and 10. Common reference characters
with a suffix "a" added are used herein to designate elements
hereinabove described.
In the embodiments of FIGURES 9 and 10, the rive-t - ~ ~ -
30a is secured by a frangible bonding means 59a to an upper
end of an anvil nail 29a. The latter is received directly in
the ~ore 79a of the web 75a of the anvil support means 43a and
i8 arrested in its downward movement when itq conical stop
surface 46a abuts the complementary conical stop surface 47a
on the web 75a. In accordance with this embodiment of the
invention, the anvil surface 44a on the nail 29a performs the
-12-
,
- . . : . , , : : ~: ~ : ,
': ' ' '"' '
1~341~3~
entire flaring of the lower ends 39a of the ri~ets 49a into rivet
heads (not shown) but generally similar to the rivet heads 41a
shown ln FIGURE ~. There is, of course, no additional or secondary
anyil surfaces on the anvil support means 43a similar to the anvil
surfaces 48 on the buttons 71 descr~bed above in conn~ctlon with
the preferred embodimen~ of the invention. Instead, a ring-shaped
grooye or depression 105 encircles each of the nail receiving bores ~,,
79a and stop surfaces 47a to allow the outward flaring of the cir-
cumferential rivet wall 57a as the lower end 39a of the rivet
cams along the anvil surface 44a.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the invention,
the rivet and anvil nail assembly may be changed at the juncture ~ ,~
therebetween~ as shown in FIGURE 14, by providing a uniformly dec- ~ '' -
Fea8ing crossrsectional thickness for the lower rivet wall 57b bet-
`~ -~een its upper port~on and its lower edge 45b. This cross-sectional : '
thic~nes~ is reduced from that of a constant thickness for the wall ,
57 described aboYe in order to facilitate the bending and deforming ',~'
of the'~all 57 and the roliing of the same into, a rivet head.
In this embodiment of the invention, the taper fo~r the ~ '
wall 57b is approximately S to the vertical. Likewise, the upper
end 61b o~ the anyil nail is provided with a complementary 5 taper
' ~ith its upper end having the smallest diameter. This spaces the ,~
nail end 61b from the rivet wall throughout~and provides a space
~or a bonding agent 59b to connect the rivet 30b to the anvil nail 29b.
The height of the upper end 61b of the nail 29b above ~'
its maximum diameter shoulder 63b and the extent of the length
of the rivet bore 55b are related to assure that rolling deforma-
tion of the~rivet w'all 57b into the rivet head occurs before
29 the nail head 67b bottoms on the rivet e'nd wall 68b and
.~ ,
cb/ ~ 13 -
'' ` ''` ` ' . '' ' ' :, : . - ` , ~ .: .
:: ::: : : . . - : - . - .
,:~: : : ' :
also before rolllng deformatlo~ occurs in the area 101 adjacent
t~e top end of t~e bore 55b. This relationship is also true of the
rlyet and nail assemblies aboye descrlbed. It ~as been experienced
that rolling deformatlon of the rivet wall to a point closely adja-
cent the end wall 68B causes undue stress at or ad~acent the area
l~l such that fracturing of the lower rivet ~ead sometimes occurs
~it~ fatigue and afteir some usage of the belt. Herein, the spacing
between the ma~or diameter at shoulder 63b and the top of the anvil
nai,l 674 has been li,mited to 0.80" so as not to overstress the
area 101 during the ,fsrmati,on of the ~ead, these dimensions being
. .
~y ~ay o~ illustration and not limiting of the present invention.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention,
th~e; cost o~ the anYil means 4~ may be reduced considerably by the
eli~ination of the separate buttons 71 and providing the upwardly
: projecting means in the form of integrally stamped anvil projec~ions .
105? as best seen in FIGURE 11, formed by a punching operation
pn a flat metal sheet or plate 107. More specifically, a flat
~etal sheet, for exam~le, a 1~8" sheet of steel, is punched ~
to driye'a generally cylindrical upstanding wall lQ9 up~ardly ''
of the plane of:t~e top surface 111 of the metal pIate. The
uRstanding anvil projection means 105 is provided withi a central ~-
~ore ~9b ,into which ~ill be pro~ected the shank of the anvil
~ail 29... A tapered stop sur.face 47b, is provided on the pro- '
je,ction ~eans 105 to abut t~e tapered surface 46, 46a, or 46b ~'~
on an anyil nail to li~mit furt.her downward moyement of the anyil
nail, as explained above. The tapered surfaces 46, 46a and
46b als.o aSsist in penetratin~ through the belt wlthout tear- ~
~ng fibers from the belt as would blunt surfaces. Also, anvil '-
2~. s~urface 48b is provided' above the stop surface 47b to cooperate with
. ~ .,
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the nail anvil surface 44, 44a, or 44b to complete the rolling
de~ormatlon of the rivet wall lnto the depression in the lowar
plate element of the belt fast~ner.
The metal pus~ed ~p~ardly from the anvil plate 107 to form
the anvil pro~ection means 105 leaves a generally clrcular depression
113 in the bottom of t~e plate 107 comprising an upper annular wall
115 leading to a downwardly frustoconical wall 117. The plate 107
~ill haye all of t~e openings placed therein at the locations :'
shp~n in FIGU~E 2 for the button 71 when the anv`il plate is made ~ ~
~or connecting hinge belt fasteners. The plate 107 could also'be .~ : '
~ormed ~th dependent flanges integral therewith to form the ~ ;
entire channel-shaped~member or it may be used wit~ a channel-shaped .
~e~be'r' haying apertures 77 already therein but ~ithout the buttons 71.
The present in~ention is of particular utility for connect~
~ng ad~acent ends of a belt by plate fastener means, such as shown~
: ~in F~GU~ES 12 and 1-3, in ~hich a first set of ri~ets. ex~end through :
opening~s 34a to join eac~ plate fastener:212 to-ane~ end of:the belt
and a sec'ond.series: of rivets are lnserted through.openings 34b in ~,
t~ other end of the same belt fasteners 212 to ~oin the plate
2Q: ,~a~s,tener 212 to the.other,end of the belt. Unl~ke~the hinge belt ~ ;
,f,as,.tene,~s, a solld imperforate center por`tion 217 on each plate
: belt ~astener 212 spans the ~uncture of adjacent belt ends.
Th.~at i~s, the hinge ~elt fastener, such as shown in ~IGU~E 1, is
conne,cted' to only~ one end of t~e belt, and hence it may'be usually
, :turne,d to expose the underside of the belt from aboye. But
w~ith the plate belt fasteners fastened to both belt endg~ a
be,lt end cannot be turned to expose its lower surface and
~ the lo~Je'r' ends of the ri,vets~ 'Herein, each belt fastener :'
:means co~prises an upper' plate fastener 212 and a lower plate
30 ~astener 212 which are separate from eac~i other, the only dif- :
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ference between them being the shape of the ends 97a. The ends
~7a of t~a lo~er plate ~asteners 212 are turned upwardly to bite
into t~ belt, as s~own in PIGURE 12 whereas th,e ends ~not shown)
of the upper plate fasten~rs 212 are turned downwardly to bite
in~o the belt.
To fasten the upper and lower plate fasteners 212 ~o the
b~elt ends 15b, any Oe the riyet and anvil nail assemblies, shown
and described above, may be used with each nail being driven
t~rough one of the ,Four openings 34a into a first belt end 15b ~ :
,from the ~op side thereof and wit~ each nail o~ a second set of
~our rivet anyil nail assembliPs being driven through the openings ., ~ ;
34b. into t~e other belt end. The nails pierce the belt and, -~
ater,being ~topped by t.~e anyil means, cause the deformation of
t~e, lower r.i~et end ~n the manner above described. While the anvil , ; .
. ~eans may.take vaFious o'rms, t~ere is by way of illustration, :~',
: @~ow~n anoth~r anvil ~eans 43b with guides thereon for the plate - `.
~asten'ers CFIGURE~ 15, 15 and 17) which will now~be described.
~ The any~l means 43b., as shown in FIGURE 15, includes a
: lower channel of the sa~e ~construction as the chanDel 43 herein~
2Q ab,oye des:cri,bed in co~nection with FIGURES 1-5. However, rather
~: t~an ~aying buttons 71 ~n apertures 77 in the channel'web 75, the
,a~pertu~es 77b, in channel ghown in FIGURE 15 are free o buttsns.
T~e 9penings 77b are of cour.se arranged to fit the pattern of open-
ings for the:sets of ~our ~asteners used with each plate~fastcner ,
212. ~s best se.en in FIG~RE lS, an anvil plate 107 havlng the in-
tegral upstanding anvil pro~ections lQ5 iB placed on the top'~urface
73b o~ the channe.l ~leb 75b. The pattern of openin.gs 79b in the
anyil plate.107 is in accordance wit~ the openings 34a and 34b in
t~e plate asteners 212. $uperimposed immediately aboye the anvil .'~ :~
plate lQ7 is a bo,ttom locating guide 221 w~ich, as best seen in
_.'
5b/ - 16 - , :
83~3~
FIGURE 16, has a central op~ning 223 therein for receiving an
upstanding post 225. The bottom guide 221 also has two sets ~'-
of apertures 224 which are spaced in the manner of the spac-
ing 34a and 34b on a plate fastener 212 and in the manner of
the projections 105 on the anvil plate 107. Bottom guide 221
is superimposed over anvil projections 105 or buttons 71 so ~ -~
they protrude through openings 224 in the guide 221. Bottom
guide 221 is now l~cated relative to the holes in channel web
75b and anvil plate 107. -
For the purpose of receiving and locating an end one ~ ~-
of a string of bottom plate fasteners 212, the botkom guide
2?.1 has a slot 229 in its other edge opposite the guide post
openings 223 into which is fitted the end one of the string
of bottom plate fasteners 212. Rounded ends 231 of a bottom
15 plate fastener 212 fitted into a slot 229 will abut edges 233 -~ of the guide 221 and a longitudinal side 235 of the fitted
- plate ~astener will abut side edge 237 or the guide 22i. In
this manner, the end one of the string of bottom plate fas-
- teners 212 will be properly positioned relative to the open-
ings 79b in the anvil plate 107 and the openings 71b in the
- web 75b of the channel.
At the opposite end of the channel web 75b there
is another upstanding post 225 (not shown) and also another -
similar bottom guide 221 (not shown) for receiving in its
slot 229 a bottom plate fastener at the other end of the string
of bottom plate fasteners 212. ~erein, the individual plate
fasteners 212 are preferably adjoined to each other by short,
thin integral tab portions 236 which may be readily broken so
that the plate fasteners operate individually ana so that a
30 predetermined number of plate fasteners may be broken from a -
longer string to form a ~tring related to a given width of
,belt. Thus, by aligning the two opposite end lower plate
.
~ 17-
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fasteners 212 of the string in the slots 229 in the opposite
bottom guides 221, the remaining lowe~ plate fasteners 212 will
also be properly positioned to re~eive the anvil nail and
rivet assemblies and to co-operate with the underlying anvil
means.
With the lower string of plate fasteners 212 in
place, the opposite belt ends 15b are then aligned and placed
on the lower plate fasteners 212, the interface of the belt
ends disposed at the central areas 217 of the bottom plate
fasteners 212. Only one belt end 15b is shown for purposes
of clarity of FIGURE 15. A suitable gauge (not s~.own), which
may be attached to the anvil support means, may be used to
assist in aligning and holding the belt ends 15b.
With the belt ends disposed over the lower plate
fasteners 212, a string of upper plate fasteners 212 is then
aligned and placed on the top of the belt ends 15b. To align
the upper plate fasteners 212, a pair of upper guides 2~1, as
best seen in FIGU~E 17, are also secured to the posts 225 up-
standing from the channel web 75b. ~ore specifically, the
upper guide 241 is formed with a first opening 243 for re-
ceiving the p~st 225. Preferably, a second opening 245 is
formed in the plate-like body of the upper guide 241 Eor fit-
ting over a second upstanding post 247 which is secured at
its lower end to the web 75b. The upper guide 241 also has
two guide pins 2~9 therein. The central ones of the openings
3~a and 34b on the end one of the string of the upper plate
..
fastener are aligned with guide pins 249 in the upper guide
241. By inserting guide pins 249 downwardly into the center
openings 43a and 43b in end ones of the string of plate fas-
30 teners 212, the string of upper plate ~asteners may be prop-
orly aligned. ~hat is, the upper string o~ plate fasteners
212 are aligned relative to apertures 79b in the anvil plate
i::
_- -18~
:. :~ . ::: . : :. .
107 and to the apertures 34a and 34b in lower string of plate
fasteners 212.
,
~ hc upstanding posts 225 and 247 are preferably re-
movably secured to the web 75b of the anvil means 43b with a
longitudinal array of holes being provided so that the posts
may be removed to accommodate different widths of belts.
More particularly, the posts 247 may have its lower end
threaded with a lower nut 251 threaded thereon and abutting
the underside of the web 75b and with an upper nut 253 threaded
10 onto the post 247 and abutting the upperside of the web 75b. -
A nut 255 on the post 247 holds the outer end of the upper ~;
guide 241 in a horizontal plane. In a sLmilar manner, the
post 225 may have a nut or head portion 259 on its lower end
abutting the underside of the web 79b. An intermediate nut
260 threaded on the post 225 is turned to abut the top of the
guide plate 221 to clamp it tightly against the anvil plate
107 and the cnannel web. Preferably, the upper end of the ~-
post 225 is also threaded to receive an upper nut 261 threaded
thereon for clamping against the upper guide 241 to hold the
assemblies in locked position during the initial fastening of
the plate fasteners 212 to the belt. After fastening the
central ones of plate fasteners 212 with the riveted nail
assemblies, the top guides 241 may be removed to expose the
rivet receiving openings 34a and 34b in the end ones of the
string of plate faste~ers 212.
- ~ In operation of the apparatus shown in FIGURE 15,
- the lower guides 221 are affixed in propex position by pro~
jecting the posts 225 through aperture~ 223 and by superim-
posing guide apertures 224 over anvil projections lOS or
buttons 71 in anvil plate 107. Then, the opposite end ones
of the string of lower plate fasteners 212 are fitted in slots
229 with rounded ends 231 on thc fastener~ abutting the Qur-
~ .
19- ' i .'.`
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4~
faces 233 of the guide 221 and with longltudinal fastener walls
23S abutting the side edges 237 of ~he guide 221. Then, the belt
ends are abutted and located over the central areas 217 of the
lower string of belt fastenerg 212 and held ln a suitable manner.
The upper string of plate fasteners 212 are then placed
oyer the belt ends with their central areas 217 over the inter-
face between t~e belt ends 15b. The top gulde plate 241 is ~.
position~d on t~e posts 225 and 247 and guide pins 249 are insert~
ed into the center apertures 34a and 34b on the opposite end
one.s of t.he string of upper plate fas~eners. Nuts 261 may be
ti~ghtened to clamp the top guides 241 in place after guide pins
249 ~a:y~ been inserted lnto the center apertures 34a and 34b
of the end ones of t~e top plate fasteners 212.
The anvil natl assemblies may then be driven through ~ ~
the respective oRenings 34a and 34b with the nail shanks ~ ~:
piercing the belt and moving through~the respectlve belt ends
: until the $to~ surfaces 46b thereon abut the stop surfaces
4~b on t~e a~yii plate 10~. Whereupon, further hammering on
t~e u~per r.ivet heads c.auses the lower ends 57b of the rivets
2Q to moYe:downwardly break~ng the bonding means 59d between
: . ~ .
~iyets and anYil nails. The an~il surfaces 44b flare the ~`
bottom ends of the rivets~ out~ardly:into engagement with the :~
anyil sur$aces 48b on t~e ~pstanding projecting meanD 105 which .
com~lete the deformation of t~e lo~er rivet ends to form the
lower r~yet heads.
In accordance with a further embcdiment of the inyen- ::
~,:
tion shown in FIGURE 19, the nail 29c may be formed without :~
the enlarged shoulder carrylng the anvil surface so that the :
entire spreading of the lower end of the rivet 30c is by
the anvil surface means 48c on a support means 43c. Prefer- ~ :
. .,
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cb/ - 20 -
: . : , . ,. . , . .: : :
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ably, lower end 279 of the rivet is tapered to facilltate pene-
tration th~ough the belt and an annular space 280 exists between
the nail and riyet to ~acilitate initial flarlng of the rivet
ater t~in, annular edge 281 at the top of the anyil surface 47c ~.
enters t~.e'annular space 280. Continued flaring of the lower ..
riyet end into a rivet head breaks the adhesive bond between the,
riyet and nail, as hereinabove described. Thus, the anvil surface
~or separating the nail from the riyet and for initially flaring
th,e riyet end may be at a position other than on the nail although -
lQ th,~e use of the anvil nai,l surface for these functions is preferred. ~
The thin annular edge 281 on the anYil means 43c i~ preferably hard- ;
en~d, but it i9 subjec~ to failure because of its thin cross section.
From the ~oregoing, it will be seen that the prese~
i,nyention pr.oyides a ne~7 and improved riYeting system for rivet~
~ ~ng ele~ents together where it i9 difficult to haYe access to : ~ ,
,
t~e,~inte.rior end of the r~Yets for deformation by a rivet tool. ' ~ ':
.
~ls-o,,it-~lll be appreciated that t~e present invention provides
- -a noyel r~yet and anyil assembly with:an anvil means co-operating : -
.
~i~t~ the lower end of the rivet to flare the same. In the pre- ~ ~
~,~ 2'~ ,~erred emBo.d'i~ents, the'nail functions initially as a pilot for ,~,.,
,: penetrating one'element and ~or guiding the rivet through openings ~ '
.
in the ot~er el'ement and, when arrested, functions as an anvil to
. : .
defo~.the inner ends of the riyet into rivét heads. During : ~ ~
~is deformationl the. bond between the rivet end nail is broke~ .
.
'': so t~at the any~l support means and the nails ~ay be readily removed.
Whi}e:-a pref~rred' embodiment has been shown and dee-
cribed, it will be understood that there is no intent to ~.
limit the invention by such dlsclosure but, rather, it i~ in-
22~ tended to co~er all modifications and alternate constructions
.
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falling within the spirit and scope of the invcntion as de-
fined in the appended claims.
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