Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1049Z84 -I-
The present lnvention r~lates to novel compo~itlon~ to
be ~sQd p~rticul~rly ~ pesticides ~nd a3 ~eents rOr the protection
Or agricultural products. Th~ invcntion ~130 r~late~ to the method
o~ preparation of the novel compositi~ns of the invention.
- n order to distribute an agent to protect crops and/or
assist in their growth, the agent must be in such a form and Or
such concentration that it can promote biological efficiency and
mu~t be capable o~ being appli~d to the soil.
Up to the present time, the most rrequently used forms
have been wettable powders, dusts; emulsi~iable concentrates;
emNlsions which can be diluted in water; solutions which can be
m~xed with water; granular formulations; and pellets.
These forms comprise the following A toxicant or
active ingrediènt which may be a nat~ral or synthetic product
in a medium o~ high degree o~ purity; sur~ace active agents,
adhesives, colouring, sinergysing, stabilizing elements, 2S well
~8 reg~latlng elements for evaporation and emission; and inert
ingredients (arom~tic, aliphatic, polar and water sol~ents,
~olld mineral, or synthetic or vegetable materials). Here the
word ~inert~ i8 not used in the absolute sense but to indicate
passivity with respect to the compositions and to the action of the
other ingredients of the agent. These lnert ingredients are used
to bring the conce~tr~tion Or actiY~ 1nere~lent~ to wlthin th~
deæired or authorized limits. The follo~ing are ~ridely used
As wettablé or dust pesticide powders, there are used talc,
kaolonites, dlatomites, silicon dloxides or ~ilica, carbonates
o~ alkallne-earth metal~, alkallne earth met&l hydroxide~,
montmorillonites , attapulgltes, vegetal prod~cts, tripolites,
dolomites, clay products, phosphates, pyrophyllites,
~ynthetic and other products. As granular or granulated products,
there are used vegetable products, calcltes, diatomlte~, dolo-
mites, vermiculites, sulphates, mica, pyroph~lites, montmcrillOnites
k~olinites, attapulgites, clays, phosphates, nitrates, sulphates,
~ilicates, pumices, synthetlc and other products.
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Obviously~ a~ ~d~itlves and carrlc~ thc product~
Sh~uld ~ot lntcract ~t all w~th the active lngredient~ nor with
~he addltives o~ each composition. Therefore, for every form~'
~ati~n it is necessary to determine the mineralogic, structural,
. chemical and physical characteristics of the inert ingredients.
Some of these characteristics may have the undesirable
e~ect of inducing and catalyzing the decomposition of the
active componen~ for instance they may ef~ect
a) The water conten~ (constltutional~ comb~natlon
or elaboration residual water);
b) Surface ac~dic centres or surface catalytic
. activity;
c) Cation~c exchange capacity, depending upon its
mineralogical group, the crystallogra~hic structure,
and the working process.
In spite o~ long studies, the disadvantages ~pecifled
herein,.partlcularly under b) and c), ha~e not yet been totally
ellminated, but it has been pos.sible to reduce the dlsadvantages
by means o~ ~uch substances as, ~or lnstance: a) Glycols; Urea;
Hex~methylenetetramine to be introduced during production.
Unfortunately it is not always possible, for techn~cal .
and cost reasons to introduce the~e agents into the formulations
Furthermore, in addition to being a main contributory
: cause of thedegradat~on o~ the active ingredients, the catalytic
surracb actlvlty and the ionlc exchange capacity may, in some
cases, lmmediately and def~nitively effect changes in the
chemlcal structure of the active agents to the point Or totally
de6troying their biological efficiency. .
The obJect of the present lnvention is to make composl-
tlons ~n whlch the carrier does not affect the actl~ity o~ the
actlve component.
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1049Z84
Another ob~ect is to m~ke carriers from lnert subst~nces
free, or e~entlally frec~ from ~cldic centers with ~ttle or
negliglble exchange capacity.
Studies and practical trials, performed with certain
mlnerals have yielded inert products totally ~ree ~rom ac~dlc
center~, or with only liGht traces of acidic centers in which
ionic exchange capacity is so reduced as to be negligible so
that the stability o~ the active principles is not affected.
These mineral~ lnclude the following Selenltes, seric~lites,
alabaster, anhydrites, aragonites, apatites, chalk stones,
llmestones, saccharoid marbles? lime building stones, dolomitic
limestones, marl or loam rock limestones, white clays, calcareous
tu~as~ stalactites, stalagmites, barltlnes, to which there are
adaed substances including alkaline metal inorganlc salts,
alkaline-earth metal inorganic salts, di~ferent combinations
o~ non-ionlc, anionic and cationic surface active agents,
glycols, urea, hexamethylen~tetramlne.
Among the beforementioned minerals, those Or the
"gypsum seriesU~ have proved to be particularly suitable
and th~ir characteristics are given below:
MINERAIOGIC GR~UP
.
6th Cla~s mlnerals - Gypsum ~erle6
Hydrated sulphates, exempt from foreign anions in the forms:
Crystalline .......................... =Selenite
Flbrous ...... ;............. ,......... =Serlculite
CoDpact, spathic, ~accharold ......... ~Alabaster
Chemical name......................... =dihydrate calcium sulphate
Chemlcal formula ..................... ~CaS04.2
Clas~................................. =Prismatlc
Crystallizatlon system................ =Monoclinlc
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Reticle ............................. =Ionic
Hardness ............................. - 2 (two)
Specific weight ..................... = 2.30
Calcium anhydrous sulphate in the form:
Crystalline ......................... =Anhydrite
Chemical name ....................... =Anhydrous calcium sulphate
Chemical formula .................... =CaSO4
Class ............................... =Ri pyramidic
Crystallization system .............. =Rhombic
10 Reticle ............................... =Ionic
Hardness (mohs Scale) ................ = 3 - 3.5
Specific weight ..................... = 3.0
According to colloidal theories, the "settling"
phenomenon of these materials seems to be due to the action
of water after baking has occurred, because gels are built
from the solution or dispersion of colloidal nature of calcium
sulfate dihydrate. From the gels crystals of calcium sulfate
dihydrate are formed as long needles which are thickly disposed
and closely interwoven, so that hardening and greater cohesion
among the crystals themselves is achieved.
According to the present invention there are provided
dust diluents and carriers of the gypsum series and a method
of producing the same. The method comprises the following steps:
Baking
In order to transform CaSO4. 2H2O into a more useful
product within the scope of the present invention, the material
is baked so that the baking temperature is gradually increased
whereby the following products result:
CaSO4.2H2O (120 - 130C) CaSO4 1/2 H2O(Ses~uihydrate) Baked Gypsum
CaSO4.1/2 H2O (over 130C)CaSO4`~ .. ...............Alpha Gypsum
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C~SO4.Alpha (over 300 C) CaSO4~ ................ Beta Gypsum
CaS04.Beta ~over 600 C) CaSO4 Y ,. ............. Gamma Gypsum
(A variety of the anhydrite)
CaSO4.Gamma (800 - 1,000 C) .................... Hydraulic Gypsum
Deactivating and "Setting"
The alpha gypsum, has empty spaces in its reticle
and may be easily dissolved in water. The addition under stirring
to the baked gypsum, alpha gypsum, beta gypsum, gamma gypsum or
anhydrite, hydraulic gypsum or their mixtures, of water, in
appropriate proportions and inorganic salts of alkaline and
alkaline-earth metals, double aluminum and potassium sulphates,
of substances which are a source of electrons, oxygen and
nitrogen donors (glycols, hexamethylenetetramine, urea and others)
of combinations of special particular non-ionic, anionic and
cationic surface-active agents, of natural and/or synthetic
resins, of polymers of vegetable origin, polymerized vegetable
gums, polymerized vegetable oils, polyvinyl chlorides or acetates,
unchanged or emulsified, specific "setting" retarders, tannic
derivatives, or ligninsulphites or ligninsulphonates of alkaline
or alkaline earth or amphoteric metals, specific synthetic
plasticizers for plastic or polymerizable materials or for
mixtures of rubber, ... in suitable proportions have yielded
some products with a powdery or granular form and particularly
suitable for use in pesticides and other agents for protecting
agricultural products. Conventional industrial processes may
be used for the baking, granulation, ficreening, pelletizing
and drying of materials (or mixtures thereof with phytoiathric
substances) and for the grinding of the inert products.
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1~49Z84
~he inert pro~ucts accordin~ to the presen~ invention
may be of granular or powde~ed ~orm,
The inert products according to the pxesent invention
and having a granular ~orm ha~e the followin~ chemical and phys~cal
char~cterlstics:
Physical condition .. ..,.. Granular with globular shaped particles
Colour .............. ..... From wh~te to llght tonalit~es of brown
or grey.
Homogeneity .............. o~ colour excèllent; of size : variable
granulometric extension or distribution,
according to the requirements and the
specific use whereto the product may
be destin~d.
p~.Suspenslon at 5~....... Between 6.o and 9.0 (according to
to the necessity or requirements).
Fluidity ................. Good~ ~uch that it will not produce
agglomeration or packing phenomena.
Moisture... ~.............. From 0.50% up to a maximum of 3.00~
understood as such, that i9 only the
resldual water,not the water of form-
ation, crystallization, or chem~cally
bound water. Thi~ residual water ~ay
be extracted as an azeo~ropic mixture
with xylene and/or benzene, by means o~
the Dean & Stark device, modi~ièd by
l~rcusson.
Hygroscopicity............ From 0.3~ up to a maximum of 5%.
~ardness or tendency
to chip ... ,.............. Enough to maintaln unchanged the
granula~r shape (with possible llght
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1049~84
modi~ications of the ~ranulometrlc
~stributlon) durlng the processing
~nd the corresponding packaging
oper~ti~ns, storage~ transportation
and distribution, by means of mechan-
ical devices on the ground or in the
air.
Maximum oil-absorption.,.from 14 up to 26G o~ oil for lOOG
of granular product, White mineral
oil used, having a viscosity of
2.8 - 3.0~E at 100F (37,8C )~'
Acidic centres or surface
catalytic activity....,. Either absent or in light traces,
(Qualitative test with ~ndicator
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene),
Cation exchange
capacity.................. From Zero to 3 me/g 100 of granular
(Qualitative test with benzylamine and
n-butyla~ne ) O
Density ........ ,..... ~... Up to about 1.0 g/ml:
packed from about 0'7 to 1.2 g~nl,
Particle size ........ .... ~rom 3.00 mm to 10.00 mm
Fr~m 1.50 mm to 3.00 mm
From 0.75 mm to 2.00 mm
From 0.35 mm to 0.75 mm
From 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm
according to necessities and requirements.
Inert products according to the present inventlon and
taking the rorm o~ a dr~ powder have th~ ~ollowing chemlcal
and physical characteristic~:
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Phy3ical conditlon..,...,.. powd~r
C~l~ur........................ ,.,., ~rom white to light tonalitles
Or brown or grey.
Homo~eneity,....,~..,.,.,., excellent.
pH.Suspension at 5% .......... ......from 6.o to 9.0 (according to
neces~ities and requirements)
Density ...................... ......from o.4 to o.6 g/ml (approximately)
after settllng or beddlng. From
0.5 to o.8 ~/ml (approximately).
~luidity...................... ......mod~rate
Moisture ............. 0....... ......from 0.5% to a maximum o~ 3~.
~ygroscopicity................ ......from 0~3% to a maximum of 5%.
Mhx~mum oil ~bsorption...... from 14 to 20 G of oi} ~or lOOG
o~ product.
Acldic centres or surf~ce
catalytic activity.......... eithex absent or in light traces.
(q~alitati~e test with
p-d~methylaminoazobenzene).
Cation exchange capacity.O.. from Zero to 3 me/G 100 of product
(qua~itative test with benzylamin~
and n-butylamin e).
Particle ~ize............... -90 micron
-74 m~cron
-53 micxon
-44 micron
~nd possibly other slzes according
to requirements.
Al~ the me~tioned lngredients gave to the flnished
powdered or granular productsg and particularly the latter~
a ~urther positlve characteri~tlc l.e. a slower and more
controlled erogation of the volatlle pestlcid~s by means o~
.. . . .
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~C~4~284
which the persistence of their biological efficiency is
increased within acceptable limits, with negligible inter-
ference or increase in the residual substances of the active
principles over the authorized limits.
All the finished products according to the
present invention may be delivered in different colours,
especially blue which allows a better identification of the
products at the distribution state.
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