Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
63~3SZ
The present invention provides an easily portable,
light weight and low cost photographic camera for execution of
the method of taking a three dimensional photograph in which a
projected image comprising reversed three dimensional images is
formed in an original by photographing on photosensitive mater~
ial and a three dimensional photograph is obtained by conversion
of said reversed three dimensional images in a printing operation
based on the original obtained by the photographic operation
which carries thereon said reversed images.
Initially the conception of the three dimensional photo- ;
graph of so-called directly visual type will be described together
with the method thereof. With the most commonly known photo-
graphic apparatus for taking a three dimensional photograph one
and same object to be photographed has usually been photographed
simultaneously from two angles spaced a predetermined distance
from each other, using two photographic cameras juxtaposed or a -~
single photographic camera having two objectives. ~ight and left
pictures separately obtained have been viewed with the right and
left eyes, respectively. This is known as a stereoscopic photo-
graph. With the three dimensional photograph ofthis type, the
ojbect to be photographed has had to be photographed simultan-
eously by two cameras or by a single camera having two objectives
and two shutters associated with these objectives and a spècial
viewer has been~necessary through which the obtained pictures may
be separately and simultaneously viewed by right and left eyes,
respectively. The three dimensional photograph of directly ~-
visual type according to the present invention, on the contrary,
is obtained by forming a pluralityofimages arranged in stripes
of one and same object to be photographed as viewed from various
angular positions through a lenticular screen comprising a plur-
ality of lenses or optical elements successively connected to
one another, each of these optical elements being in the form of
106385;2
a semicylinder having a diameter as small as 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm,
said lenticular screen being located in front of photosensitive
surface, and by visually converting said plurality of images
arranged in stripes through another lenticular screen of the
same optical arrangement as the first lenticular screen into a
three dimensional picture. The three dimensional photograph of
both these types are thus clearly distinguished from one another
not only with respect to the optical measures to obtain the
~ desired three dimensional photographs but also to the method to
- 10 view the respective three dimensional photographs. With the three
dimensional photograph of directly visual type based on condition
;, that a plurality of images as viewed from different angles are
focussed on a single photosensitive material, a single objective
is used for photographing so that an object to be photographed is
projected and sensitized in a plurality ofimages which are not
only laterally but also vertically reversed as in ordinary photo-
graph and each image in unit sensitive surface defined by each
lenticular element is àlso laterally reversed in spite of provi-
sion of the lenticular screen immediately in front of the focuss-
ing plane. The sensitized picture comprlsing the reversed images
thus obtained can not be directly viewed as a normal three dimen-
sional picture since the picture section corresponding to the
left side surface of the object to be photographed is moved on
passing through the lenticular screen to the right eye while the
picture section corresponding to the right side surface of the
object is moved on passing through said lenticular screen to the
left eye of the observer. This is generally named as a reversed
three dimensional picture and can not directly be used as a pic-
ture to be three dimensionally viewed so far as it has been
obtained by a single exposure through a single objective.
To solve this problem, the applicant in copending
Application No. 248,965 has disclosed an improved method and
- 2 -
!
~063~5Z
apparatus by which, using the photosensitive material carrying
thereon said picture comprising reversed three dimensional images
obtained by said photographic operation as an original, said
.
reversed three dimensional images are converted in operation of
printing into the corresponding normal three dimensional images
which may be effectively viewed through the lenticular screen as
a desired three dimensional picture.
Details of such method and apparatus disclosed by the
copending application No. 248,965 is not repeated here and only
summarized description thereof is given for better understanding ~ ~
of the present invention. The present invention provides a photo- -
graphic camera adapted for initial photographing by such an
improved method set forth in said copending patent application
No. 248,965. In particular the present invention provides a
photographic camera effectively adapted to obtain the three
dimensional photograph of the type as mentioned above which is
advantageous in various aspects. The present invention also
desirably provides such a three dimensional photograph at lower
; cost whereby to promote the popularization of the three dimen-
sional photograph.
According to the present invention there is provided a
photographic camera for taking a three dimensional photograph
comprising a lenticular screen, formed from a plurality of lenti-
cular elements, stationarily located immediately in front of a
position adapted to receive a photosensitive material so as to
;; be in close contact with said sensitive material, a shutter
. having plate-like blades which are adapted to define an aperture
gap extending transversely of stripe portions defined by boundary
lines between the lenticular elements of the lenticular screen
and an objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair
of planes extending in parallel to each other at opposite sides
of a main optical axis transversely of said stripe portions,
- 3 -
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. . , ~ . ......................... .. . . ... .
,: . . .
1063852
whereby a single exposure enables an object to be photographed
- to be projected through said lenticular screen on said sensitive
material as reversed images.
In a desirable embodiment of the present invention the
shutter having plate-like blades comprises a pair of blades
adapted to cover the effective aperture of said objective, said -
blades being adapted to move away from each other into an open
position to define said aperture gap. More particularly the pair
of blades are adapted to be operated in response to excitation
- 10 of an electromagnet so that the rectangular effective aperture
of the objective is achieved by movement of said blades away from -
each other into an open position. More preferably the blades are
adapted to move away from each other by a given amount corres-
ponding to a predetermined exposure, thereby also serving as a - ~-
diaphragm to control amount of incident light. This can be
achieved in one aspect of the present invention by the electro-
magnet including a member driven by excitation of said electro-
magnet to, in turn, operate said blades and a member adapted to
regulate the amount of movement of said driven member in accor-
~` 20 dance with a diaphragm value preset by a member in order to con-
` trol amount of incident light, whereby the electromagnet may be
energized to give said objective an aperture for an exposure
according to the preset diaphragm value. Alternatively in
another aspect of the present invention, this may be achieved
by a control member which occupies a position in accordance with
:a preset diaphragm value within the operating range of said
shutter blades driven in response to excitation of said electro-
magnet and thereby regulate the opening extent of said shutter
;i~
- blades whereby said shutter blades also serve as a diaphragm
which controls amoun~ of incident light.
In another embodiment of the camera of the present
invention the objective has its frontal shape in the form of a
- 4 -
~63852
thin rectangle defining said effective aperture. ~
In a particularly desirable embodiment thereof the ~ -
present invention provides a photographic camera for taking a
three dimensional photograph comprising a lenticular screen
formed from a plurality of lenticular elements stationarily
located immediately in front of a position adapted to receive
a photosensitive material so as to be in close contact with
said photosensitive material, a shutter having plate-like blades
- which define in an open position an aperture gap extending trans-
versely of stripe portions defined by boundary lines between the
lenticular elements, an electromagnet adapted on excitation
thereof to operate said shutter having plate-like blades, a
control member adapted to regulate the opening extent of the
blades of the shutter to provide a diaphragm aperture and an
objective having an effective aperture defined by a pair of
parallel planes on opposite sides of a main optical axis trans-
, versely of said stripe portions, whereby the exposure time is
determined on the basis of the time for which said electromagnet
is energized and the diaphragm aperture controlling amount of
~ 20 incident light is determined by an operating extent of saidshutter blades opened under excitation of said electromagnet
so th~t an object to be photographed is projected, with a single
exposure, through said lenticular screen on said sensitive mat-
erial as reversed three dimensional images formed thereon.
~; In the photographic camera according to the present ~,
invention, said lenticular screen is located immediately in
front of and substantially in close contact with the photosensi-
tive material to be charged so that said lenticular screen is
stationary not only with respect to said photosensitive material
but also with respect to the other parts of the camera body
during exposure. The photographic camera according to the
present invention is also characterized in that formation and
-
- 5 -
: .
~L063~35;~
sensitization o~ a reversed three dimensional picture through
said lenticular screen on the photosensitive material may be
completed through a single exposure. It is well known to obtain
the three dimensional photograph of directly visual type as
mentioned above by displacing the photographic camera along a
circumferential path with the optical axis being directed radially
of an object to be photographed and thereby successively photo-
graphing peripheral images of said object through multi-exposure
or by rotating the object itself around its own axis if said
object can be rotated around its own axis and thereby succes-
sively photographing said object thus variously directed moment
by moment also through multiexposure, in both cases through the
lenticular screen located immedlately in front of the photo-
sensitive material. In both such cases, however, it has been
thought impossible to obtain the desired picture through a single
exposure and these well known methods for photographing have been
thought unsuitable for photographing of a moving object or for
momentary photographing under flash light. The photographic
camera according to the present invention is advantageous in
that the conversion of the reversed three dimensional picture
into the corresponding normal three dimensional picture which
is an unavoidable operation due to the arrangement of sensitized
picture may be achieved in the subsequent operation of printing
- and such an advantage is effectively combined with the features
peculiar to the method-as disclosed by said copending patent
application No. 248,965.
The present invention will be further illustrated by
way of the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 partially shows a photographing optical system
of a camera according to the present invention, illustrating a
manner in which reversed three dimensional images of an object to
be photographed are projected by said optical system on a sensi-
_
6 --
63~3~2
tive material;
Fig. 2 principally illustrates a process and a sensiti-
zing optical system by which said rever~ed three dimenslonal
images are converted into,l*he corresponding normal three dimen-
sional images to obtain a print used as a desired three dimen-
sional photograph utilizing an original carrying thereon a
picture comprising said reversed three dimensional images obtained
by the optical system as shown by Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a rear view showing a shutter incorporated
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into the photographic camera according to the present invention
in connection with the objective;
Fig. 4 is a plan view partially showing the objective,
the shutter blades and the associated mechanism in a section;
Fig. 5 is a side view showing a relative position of
the objective and the shutter;
Fig. 6 is a perspective showing another embodiment
of the objective in corporated into the camera according to the
present invention; and
Fig. 7 is a rear view showing an embodiment different
from the embodiment as shown by Fig. 3.
Referring to Fig. 1 which schematically illustrates
a manner of image formation in photographing by the camera accord-
ing to the present invention, X designates a position of an
object to be photographed, Lo designates an objective for photo-
graphing said object and SO designates a shutter adapted to be
; opened and closed behind said object:ive in a plane transverse
of the optical axis. It is not absolutely necessary to locate the
shutter SO behind the objective Lo as shown, and the shutter SO
may be located in front of the objective Lo as the Thornton
shutter usually located in front of the objective Lo in a view
camera (field camera). Detail of this will be described later
together with the detail of the objective Lo in reference with
Figs. 3 to 5. Further referring to Fig. 1, a lenticular screen
Mo is stationarily located immediately in front of and in close
contact with photosensitive material Fo. Accordingly, the objective
Lo used in the photographic camera according to the present
invention is in practice required to have an aperture portion
- which is defined by a pair of planes extending in parallel to each
other transversely of stripes formed by individual lenticular
elements successively connected to constitute said lenticular
screen Mo. These parallel planes are preferably the planes
~ 0638~2
extending in parallel to each other at a same distance from the
main optical axis to maintain an excellent quality of the result-
ing photograph. Consequently, the objective Lo may be in the
form of a thin rectangle defined by cutting a circular objective
by said planes extending in parallel to each other transversely
- of said stripes of the lenticular screen or may be the circular
objective of which the area extending outward of said parallel
planes is covered so that this covered area allows no light rays
to be transmitted therethrough. It will be understood from a
description given later that the objective of a large diameter
is preferable since a viewing angle determined by the distance
between laterally opposite ends of the objective with respect
to an object to be photographed is accordingly enlarged and the
number of reversed three dimensional images formed by the indivi-
dual lenticular elements also increases to emphasize a desired
three dimensional effect. Concerning this aspect, it is more
effective to employ a special objective as shown by Fig. 6 which
has further larger diameter than the ordinary circular objective
of a relatively large diameter. Detail of said shutter SO accord-
ing to the present invention will be described in reference with `
Figs. 3 to 5 and the description is limited here to the fact that
the shutter of a type adapted to be opened radially frGm the main -
optical axis of the objective Lo toward said parallel planes and -~
` closed toward said main optical axis (referred to hereinafter as
the gap shutter) is employed. The light rays transmitted through
the objective Lol the opened shutter SO and the lenticular screen
Mo onto a surface of the photosen~itive material Fo are subjected ¦
; to a refraction in said lenticular screen Mo.
The manner of image formation in this case is described.
With respect to the light rays coming from the portion of an
object to be photographed which lies between points P and Q, the ~r
light rays coming from the p~int P and being incident upon the
objective
' 1
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- . . . -:
-
r~2
Lo are included within a beam ~1 which embraces the effective
aperture of said objective Lo while the light rays coming from
the point Q and being incident upon the objective Lo are included
within a beam ~2 which embraces the effective aperture of said
objective Lo. So far as only the light rays included within
said beams, respectively, that are focussed through a single
lenticular element m2 a plurality of lenticular elements ml, m2,
m3 .......... successively connected are concerned, the light rays
coming from the points P and Q, respectively, and passing through
the center of the objective L are focussed on the photosensitive
o
~ material surface Fo at points P2 and Q2' respectively. To
- illustrate an optical mechanism of this image formation, the
light paths are shown by solid lines in Fig. 1. The light rays,
coming from the point P and included within the beam l which are
incident not upon the lenticular element m2 hut upon the lenticular
element ml adjacent thereto (the light path thereof being shown
by one-dot-chain lines) are subjected to a refraction in said
lenticular element ml and focussed on the photosensitive material
surface Fo at a point Pl while the light rays coming from the
point Q and included within the beam ~2 which are incident not
upon the lenticular element m2 but upon the lenticular element
m3 adjacent thereto (the light path thereof being shown also by
: one-dot-chain lines) are subjected to a refraction in said
lenticular element m3 and focussed on the photosensitive material
surface Fo at a point Q3. The lenticular elements are shown at
a scale larger than they actually are for convenience of illustra-
tion so that the light rays coming from the portion of the object
to be photographed which lies between the points P and Q may
appear to be focussed only through the lenticular element m2 and
the lenticular elements ml and m3 symmetrically located adjacent
said lenticular elment m2. However, each of these lenticular
elements really has a width as small as O.lmm to 2.Omm and the
10638S2
projected image of said object portion lying between the points `
P and Q is incident upon all the lenticular elements successively
connected symmetrically of said lenticular element m2 and thus
plurality of images of the points P and Q are formed in the
respective lenticular elements. The three dimensional photograph
of so-called directly visual type is principally based on such a
plurality of projected images formed by the lenticular elements
each having a fine width. Accordingly, larger the effective
aperture of the objective is relative to the lenticular screen
comprising a plurality of semicylindrical lenses each having a
predetermined diameter which are successively connected to one
another, larger said beam ~1 or ~2 and thereby the number of
images of the points P and Q to be formed behind the lenticular
; screen sufficiently increases to improve the three dimensional
effect. The projected image formed by each of said plurality of
lenticular elements presents a laterally reversed image which
can not directly be three dimensional. The condition of image
is now considered with respect only to the particular element m2.
Images o~ surface B, B- and B+ of a three-dimensional object to ~ -
be photographed which lies between the points P and Q are formed --
.
on the photosensitive material surface Fo in the order of B'+, -~
Bl and B'-. More specifically, the image of the surface B+ is ; -
focussed adjacent the image point Q2' the image of the surface B- ~ -
is focussed adjacent the image point P2 and such an image arrange-
ment is true also with respect to an object Ao lying between a
point L and the point P which is focussed in the lenticular
element ml next to said lenticular element m2 as well as with
respect to an object CO lying between the point Q and a point R
which is focussed in the lenticular element m3 oppositely next to
said lenticular element m3. Although it may be considered that
the picture thus sensitized can be directly ~iewed as a desired
three dimensional photograph sincethe imagearrangement as above
-- 1 0
I' .
. . , ,, ~ ~
~06385Z
mentioned corresponds to the arrangement in which the respective
surfaces of the general object to be photographed are focussed,
said sensitized picture really can not be three dimensionally
viewed through the lenticular screen comprising a plurality of
lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical cross-section.
~hen the sensitized picture has been obtained through said len-
.,
ticular screen comprising a plurality of lenticular elementseach having a semicylindrical cross-section, the left side
surface B- of the object Bo has been focussed at the left hand
as a left picture B'- while the right side surface B+ of said
object Bo has been focussed at the right hand as a right picture
Bl+ and thereby said left picture B~- is opposed through the
lenticular elements each having a semicylindrical cross-section
to right eye of the person who directly views the picture while
; the right pictureis similarly opposed to left eye so that the
right eye views the enlarged left picture B'- and the left eye
views the enlarged right picture B'-~, respectively, through the
lenticular elements. Such a relationship is also with respect
to the object Ao and theobject CO and accordingly, the images
- 20 obtained by said operation of photographing on the surface of
photosensitive material Fo present reversed three dimensional
images, respectively. The picture obtained by the means for
photographing on the photosensitive material Fo will be reversed
again through a process as illustrated by Fig. 2.
The process for converting the reversed three dimen-
sional picture obtained by~said operation of photographing into
- the corresponding normal three dimensional picture is now des-
cribed with reference with Fig. 2. This process is achieved not
by operation of printing through a momentary exposure but by
operation of printing through an exposure for a certain time
during which various components are moved relatively. An
original carrying thereon the reversed three dimensional picture
-- 11 --
~;
"' ,: . , . : , , ~ ' . .
.. . . ~ . .
~L063852
which has been obtained by said operation of photographing is
preferably a negative regardless whether a monochromatic photo-
graph or a color photograph is desired, since a plurality of
same three dimensional photographs are obtained by repeating the
operation of printing according to the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 2, SL designates a spot light serving as a
light source used for printing. The original F'o carrying
thereon the picture projected in the form of the corresponding
.
,~ reversed three dimensional picture as shown in Fig. 1 is placed
within a range of the beam which is condensed and projected by
; a projector lens associated with said spot light SL and a lenti-
cular screen M having the same optical arrangement as the lenti-
cular screen Mo also as shown by Fig. 1 is placed on said original
` F'o. Under this second lenticular screen M, fresh photosensitive
material F to on which a normal three dimensional picture corres-
ponding to said reversed three dimensional picture will be
printed is inserted in close contact with said second lenticular
screen. It is obviously understood that the device as shown in
Fig. 2 including the fresh photosensitive material F should be
; 20 put under a perfect darkness or a situation in which no sensitiza-
: - .
tion of said fresh sensitive material occurs.
In the device of such an arrangement, the original F'o
and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved relatively
under the spot light SL being lit, transversely of the stripes
~ defined by the joints of the lenticular elements of the lenticu-
- lar screen M each having a semicylindrical cross-section and
thereby the reversed three dimensional picture is easily converted `-
into the corresponding three dimensional picture which can be
three dimensionally viewed, and thus this normal three dimensional
picture is sensitized and printed. This aspect is described
below in more detail. When the condensed beam is projected from
the spot light SL onto the lenticular screen M, the light rays
~' ~' ~ ':
- 12 -
'
.
1~6;~1i352
passing through the individual lenticular elements of the
lenticular screen M converge in the respective straight lines
extending in parallel to said stripes. As a result, each beam
projected in a straight line is transmitted through the original
F'o and incident upon the area of the fresh photosensitive mat-
erial F immediately under said straight line, and then sensitiza-
tion is effected according to the projected picture carried by
the original F'o. Such a sensitization is successively effected
for each projected beam in a straight line as the original F'o
and the fresh photosensitive material F are moved relatively
until the desired three dimensional photograph is obtained.
The manner in which the reversed three dimensional
images of the projected picture carried by the original F'o are
converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional images
is now described. The projected images of the respective surfaces
of the objects Ao, Bo and CO focussed on the photosensitive mat-
erial surface Fo as illustrated by Fig. 1 are described here again.
For each lenticular element, the images are formed from the left
-- hand toward the right hand in the order of the right image C'+,
the middle image C' and the left image C'- of the object CO~ the
right image B'+, the middle image B' and the left image B'- of
.~
the object Bo~ and the right image A'+, the middle image A' and
the left image A'- of the object Ao. It is now assumed, for
convenience of illustration, that the sensitization of the fresh
photosensitive material F in accordance with these images is
achieved through a process comprising three steps corresponding
` to three images, i.eO, the middle image and the right and left
images of each of the objects Ao, Bo and CO~ three linear beams
projected from the spot light SL serve to sensitize the fresh
photosensitive material F in accordance with the left images C'-, '
Bl-, and A'- for conversion from the negative into the corres-
ponding positive in the first step of sensitization as shown by
- 13 -
1063852
Fig. 2(I). Then the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive
material F are moved in the directions opposite to each other to
a relative position as shown by Fig. 2(II) and three linear beams
are projected again from the spot light SL so that three middle
- images C', B' and A' are printed on the fresh photosensitive ~ .
material F. Following this second step of sensitization as shown
by Fig. 2(II), the original F'o and the fresh photosensitive
material F are relatively moved to the relative position as shown l ..
:. ' ' j:
by Fig 2(III) and three linear beams are projected from-the spot
light SL so that three right images C'~, B'+ and A'+ are printed
on the fresh photosensitive material F. The last step is the ~
third step of sensitization. In consequence.of this process from : :
; the first step to the third step thereof, the images have been
printed on the fresh photosensitive material F from the left hand .
toward the right hand in the order of the left image C'-, the
middle image C' and the right image C't of the object CO' the . .
left image B'-, the middle image B' and the right image B'~ of :
the objèct BO,.and the left image A'-, the middle image A' and
the right image A'~ of the objectAO with the laterally relative ~-
~20 position beinq maintained. Thus, a picture in which the reversed ¦
three dimensional images have perfectly converted into the cor- .
responding normal three dimensional images suitable for being
three dimensionally viewed is obtaine~ after development. .
The aforegoing description has intentionally been made .
for facilitation and simplification of illustration and really
` there are present on the photosensitive material surface Fo .
numeral reversed three dimensional images for each lenticular .
element so that the operation of printing is really achieved not .
- through the stepwise process as above mentioned but through a .
continuous relative movement of the original F'o and the fresh :::
photosensitive material F at an equal velocity and thereby all . :
the reversed three dimensional images in each lenticular element
:: ~ ~:
= 14 - . ~. .
~(~63852
are converted into the corresponding normal three dimensional
images through arrangement inversion. Although the relative move-
ment of the original F' and the fresh photosensitive material
F has been described in the aforegoing explanation as in the
directions opposite to each other
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- 14a -
352
since such a manner is most intelligible and pre~erable, the
other manner may be also employed such that the original F~o
is moved in the same direction as and at a velocity double the
lenticular screen M synchronously with the latter with the fresh
photosensitive material F being fixed or, on the contrary, the
fresh photosensitive material F is moved in the same direction as
and at a velocity double the lenticular screen M synchronously
with the lattér with the original F~o being fixed.
In the embodiment as shown, the arrangement in which the
spot light is used as a light source has been employed in view
of the fact that such an arrangement facilitates the usual operation
in a dark room, but a more preferable result will be obtained by
employing a light source adapted to be projected through the lenti-
cular screen M in the beams extending in parallel to one another
and transversely of said lenticular screen M.
In the photographic camera according to the present
invention based on the condition thal: the image conversion is
~`~ achieved by the process as mentioned above, an objective as shown
by Figs. 3 to 5 in a rear view, a plan view partially in a section
and a side view, respectively, is employed in combination with a
shutter SO A portion designated by a reference symbol Lo corres-
`~ ponds to the objective which is, in this embodiment, an objective
of large diameter which is circular as seen Erom the front. The
shutter generally designated by SO has a pair of blades 11 and 12
each in the form of a thin rectangle and arranged transversely
of stripe portions defined by boundary lines of the lenticular -
elements of the lenticular screen Mo immediately in front of the
photosensitive surface. These two blades 11 and 12 overlapped
on each other along their edges near the optical axis to maintain a
shielding effect. When the circular objective Lo as shown is
used, the black box of the photographic camera must be kept light-
tight by coating the objective over the area extending outward
:.
:
~63~2
of the area defined by one-dot-chain lines in Fig. 3, namely,
extending upwardly of the upper one-dot-chain line and downwardly
of the lower one-dot-chain line with shielding material or by
-~ covering said area with a suitable shielding member. Opposite
ends of the respective blades 11 and 12 are pivotally supported
at 20 by the camera body or a part of the shutter casing or held
by links 13 and 14 and 15 and 16, respectively. Although said
blades 11 and 12 are also pivotally held by the associated links,
no reference is given in the figure to designate the respective
pivots. The upper blade 11 is moved from its closed position to
.. . .
its open position as the links 13 and 14 are rotated around the
pivots 20, respectively, and similarly the lower blade12 is
moved from its closed position to its open position as the ]inks
15 and 16 are rotated around the pivots 20, respectively. Outer ~ ~;
ends of intermediate links 21 and 22 are pivotally mounted on the -
links 13 and lS substantially at middle portions thereof, respec-
tively, and said intermediate links 21 and 22 are, in turn,
pivotally mounted at 19 on an end of a driving lever 18 adapted
to be slidably moved centrally through an electromagnet 17 so
that the links 13 and 15 may be rotated through the intermediate
links 21 and 22 around the associated pivots 20 by movement of
driving lever 18 in the direction as indicated by an arrow.
The electromagnet 17 includes an armature 23 and a restoring
spring 24 is suspended between the pivots at which the outer ends
of the intermediate links 21 and 22 are mounted on the links
13 and 15, respectively. There is no such a linkage mechanism
including the intermediate links for the links 14 and 16, since
the links 13 and 15 are rotated around the respective pivots 20
through the intermediate links 21 and 22 as the armature 23 is ;~
attracted under excitation of the electromagnet 17 and, in response
to this, the links 14 and 16 also are rotated around the respec-
tive pivots 20 so as to move the blades 11 and 12 in opposite
.. . ... : ~.
- 16 - ~
directions when the restoring spring 24 restores the links 13 and
15, accordingly, the links 14 and 16 also upon deexcitation of
said electromagnet 17 so that no resto.ring spring need be separate-
ly provided in practice between the links 14 and 16. A aiaphragm
regulating lever 25 serves as a control member disposed at its
lower end in the path over which said armature 23 moves. A
screw 27 threaded through parts 26 and 26 of the shutter casing so
as to be suspended between these parts is threaded through the
upper end of said diaphragm regulating lever 25 between said parts
26, 26. The diaphragm regulating lever 25 is moved laterally by
rotating the screw 27 threaded through said upper end to a desired .: .
position and the extent to which the armature 23 is moved by an .
attractive force occurring under excitation of the electromagnet
17 is regulated depending on the position occupied by said
diaphragm regulating lever 25. The larger said extent. to which
the armature 23 moves under the magnetic attraction. The larger
the extent to which the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each
other in response to the movement of said armature 23 by the
driving lever 18 and the intermediate links 13 and 15~ The slit
defined between the blades is maintained small when the movement
of said armature 23 under the magnetic attraction is restrained ~-~
by the diaphragm regulating lever 25 at an initial stage of
said movement. A diaphragm value regulating button 28 is mounted
onthe outer end of said screw 27 and provided along its partial
periphery with a diaphragm value index 29 adapted to index a
diaphragm scale (not shown) provided along a rotating range of the
diaphragm regulating button 28 at a position to which said button
28 has been rotated.
The diaphragm regulating lever 25 is thus arranged
so that the extent of opening of the shutter blades 11 and 12
defining the aperture under excitation of the electromagnet 17 is . ,.
controlled by a mechanism to activate theqlectroma~net 17 and
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3~5Z
thereby these blades 11 and 12 actually serve also as a diaphragm
to control the amount of incident light. However, the measure
by which the shutter blades 11 and 12 are enabled to also serve
as the diaphragm is not necessarily limited to such a mechanism
as shown by Fig. 3. A mechanism shown by Fig. 7 as one of the
other possible embodiments may be also effective to this purpose.
The embodiment may employ an objective in the form of a rectangular
` lens system as shown by Fig. 6 and, in this embodiment, the extent
to which the shutter blades 11 and 12 are moved in the direction
in which the shutter is opened serves to restrain the shutter
blades directly. Referring to Fig. 7, a screw 125 serving to
regulate the diaphragm, is threaded through a part 126 of the ~ ~-
shutter casing and has its upper end located in a range within
; which the blade 12 is moved. A diaphragm value regulating button
128 is mounted on the lower end of the diaphragm regulating
screw 125 and, as in the embodiment of Figs. 3 through 5 there
is provided a diaphragm scale (not shown) along a range within
which said diaphragm regulating button is rotated so that a preset
diaphragm value may be indicated by a diaphragm value index 129
arranged on a part of said button 129 in cooperation with said ``
diaphragm scale. Accordingly, also in this embodiment, the
diaphragm value regulating button 128 may be turned so as to
indicate a given diaphragm value with the index 129 carried thereon
and the diaphragm regulating screw 125 which is axially moved
in response to the rotation of said button 128 determines with
its upper end and through the blade 12 and the links a position -
at which the blade 11 is restrained so that the extent to which
the blades 11 and 12 are moved away from each other is effectively
adjusted.
With the gap shutter of the arrangement as mentioned
: above, the armature 23 is attracted by the electromagnet 17
- against the effect of the restoring spring 24 suspended between
.. ,i
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~6385~
the pivots upon energization of said electromagnet 17 and thereby ~;
the driving le~er 18 is moved in the direction as indicated by
an arrow so that the ends of the respective intermediate links '
21 and 22 are moved outwardly and the upper and lower links 13
and 15 are rotated around the associated pivots 20. This move-
ment serves to move the blades 11 and 12 away from the main
optical axis of the objective Lo as well as from each other to
form an objective aperture for exposure. The links 14 and 16 are -
also rotated around the associated pivots 20 together in cooper-
ation with opening movement of said blades 11 and 12. In the
course of this opening movement, the diaphragm regulating lever
25 or the diaphragm regulating screw 125 restrains said movement
so that the exposure may be achieved with a given diaphragm
aperture. Upon deenergization of the electromagnet 17, the restor-
ing spring 24 urges the intermediate links 21 and 22, and according-
ly, the blades 11 and 12 together constituting the shutter toward
one another, effecting closure of the shutter so that a duration
` for which the electromagnet 17 is energized gives an exposure time
and the extent to which said blades 11 and 12 are opened determines ~ -
~ 20 together with this duration of energization an amount of exposure.
; Although the mechanism in which the blades 11 and 12 are moved
away from each other has been mentioned above as an embodiment,
it will be obvious that the present invention includes various
.. :
modifications in design. For example, an arrangement in which
only one of said blades is movable or the shutter comprises a
single blade of which the movement provides an aperture gap
serving as a slit for exposure.
` The shutter incorporated in the photographic camera
according to the present invention, therefore, allows the respec-
tive blades to operate only within the extent according to a preset
diaphragm value during the opening movement of said shutter and
thereby provides a gap defined by this limited opening movement.
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-~ In the previously mentioned photographic operation to obtain a
three dimensional photograph using the lenticular screen, numer-
ous projected images which can be three dimensionally viewed are
formed transversely of said stripes of the lenticular screen, -
so that it is important to employ an objective having its aper-
ture extending in the direction along which said projected
images are formed. Therefore, according to the manner of photo-
graphic operation to obtain a three dimensional photograph on
which the present invention is based, the shutter having its
aperture extending transversely of the stripes of the lenticular
screen as above mentioned sufficiently meets the requirement and,
with respect to the objective itself also, its area extending
outward from the rectangular aperture is not utilized. Compared
to the usual circular objective as employed in the embodiment as
shown by Figs. 3 to 5, the objective as shown by Fig. 6 which is,
as seen from the front, a slender rectangular one corresponding
to the rectangle defined by the shutter aperture is more prefer-
able. Such a particular objective is effective also in that this
.
objective does not require a large space as well as facilitates
said gap shutter to be mounted in front of or behind the objective.
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