Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
:
T I T L ~ O F ~ N V E N T I O N .
" Apparatus for ~enovation of Sanitary ~.Iraters " .
S P ~ C I ~ I C A T I O N .
This invention relates to an apparatus for renovation of sanita-
ry waters and has for its object a provision of an improved system
capable of unattended and reliable operation when purifying sanita-
ry waters to a high quality effluent suitable for reuse.
BACKGROUND TO T~ INV~TIO~-.
' '
10Overfertilization and chemical pollution of surface ~aters and
degradation of potable water sources in densely populated areas is
becoming a serious problem, calling for efficient removal of the va-
rious organic and nitrogenous compounds, phosphates and bacteria and
viruses from all waste waters.
- 15Processes for the removal of the above contaminants have been
established and are practiced in large municipal sewage treatment
facilities,
To accomodete the various process stages required to remove the
various conta~inants sucr treatment plants are complex and hard to
scale down to serve single family dwellings retaining the required
efficiency and economy.
Consequently, housing develo ments are being served exclusively
- by centralized sewage treatment plants with the sewage being collec-
ted and transported to treatment plants via underground sewage col-
lection - transportation systems.
As the population increases such sewage collection - transporta-
tion systems become expensive and quite often a limiting factor af-
fecting community planing and/or development.
- 2 - -
Although small sewage trcatment plants are available, as yet
they do not provide the desired degree of purification and do
not offer the required process and mechanical reliability.
It is therefore an object of tris invention to provide an
apparatus in ~hich the various processes to remove pollutants pre-
sent in sanitary ~;aters could be carried out reliably and unatten-
ded and at acceptable cost when serving single faMily d~ellings.
~iore p~rticularly it is the object of this invention to pro-
vide an apparatus that viould reliably maintain all conditions re-
quired for efficient biooxldation of organic matter, biological
transformation of the various nitrogenous compounds, chemical pre-
cipitation of soluble phosphates, chemical oxidation of the resi-
dual organics, efficient removal of bacteria and viruses and will
render the effluent non-toxic to aquatic life and har.mless to ve-
getation.
hnother object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive
and reliable method for storing and proportioning of the chemicals
to the unsteady or batchwise flow of the incoming raw sewage.
hnother object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive
and reliable apparatus that ~iill be easy to scale up or do-in to
serve single or multiple family d~:ellings.
Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus in
~hich efficient separation of suspended solids from the effluent
is achieved inside the aeration reactor so that a separate clari-
fier is not needed.
hnother object of this inv ntion is to p:~ovide an apparatus
that Y;ould require only once per year replenishm~nt of the used
chemicals and only once or twice per year withdro-~al of the excess
slud~e.
3 It is also an object of this invention to provide an apparatus
capable of reliable and unattended operation v!hen proces ing ra~
se~age on ships under conditions of ship motion and vibration.
It is still another object of the invention to provide an ap-
paratus that ~iould be capable to operate reliably also ~ith poY;-
`
dered minerals or activated caIbon or their mixture added into
the ~eration chambers.
hnother object of the invention is to provide an improved
suspended solids separator that would not be affected by "sloshing"
that normally occures on ships during heavy roll and pitch condi-
t ons.
Other objects and features of the invention ;Jill be seth forth
more fully hereupon.
The full nature of the invention will be understood from the
accompanying dra~iing and the follo~ing description and claims.
SUi;i~Y OF THE INVEI~TION.
The present invention combines all steps of -the combined
physical-chemical-biological treatment of ra~ se;age l~;itnin a sin-
gle tank. The tank is divided by partitions into separate reactlon
chambers so that the benefits of multistage s~stems can be utili-
sed. In a prefered embodiment the tank of the present invention
is made of steel and equipped ~iith man~lays permitting entrance in-
to individual chambers. The tank may be located below or above the
ground or installed on ships to serve single or multiple family
d~ellings or as~marine sanitation device.
The incoming ra.: se..age enters into first aeration chamber to
be mixed ~iith mi~:ed microbial population kept in the aerated li-
quor. As the ra~ se~:age enters the first aeration chamber the l vel
of the liquor in aeration chambers rises. A slol; disolving mine-
ral is stored in a perforated container located in the second ae-
ration chamber. 'ïhen the level of the liquor rises, the aerated li-
quor enters the mineral storage container and dissolves a portion
of the mineral. ~rhe :~iGher is the level of the licuor in the aera-
tion chambers, the more of the mineral is submerged into the liquor
and dissolved.
On it's ~.ay through aeration chambers the se~iage is contacted
iiith mi~ed microbial population - activated sludge suspended in
the aerated liquor and thc- biodegrad2ble o ganic and nitrogenous
~ `
compounds are bioo~idized, and the soluble phos?hates are precipi-
tated by the added mineral. '~he reactor liquor is in each aera-
tlon cnamber aerated by compressed air introduced into the liquor
through non-clog diffusers.
From the third aeratlon chamber the treated se~.~age flo~is thro-
ugh a submerged multicnannel suspended solids separator loc~ted in
the third aeration chamber into chemical oxidizing agent dispen-
sing cha~ber, then into a cnemical oxidat on-clarification cham-
ber to carry out the chemical oxidation of the residual pollutants,
to kill the bacteria and viruses and to remove the reridual sus-
pended solids. lhe disinfected effluent is then flo~;n ~hrouOh a
charcoal bed to remove the unreacted chemical oxidizing agent to
render the effluent non-toxic to aouatic life and suitable for
reuse.
~ILF ~.SC~IPTIOh OF D~A'.'~ING.
Fig. 1 is an overall VieYi through a prefered embodiment of
the apparatus of this invention.
D~ThIL~D D~SC~IPT_OM 0~~ T~ APP~i~A'l1US.
A cut a~ay perspective view of the complete apparatus of the
present invention is sho~in in Figure 1. The apparatus comprises
of first aeration chamber 100 formed by partition 112 and the out-
side .~.alls and the floor of the tank 10 and equipped ~ith an air
diffuser 117; the second aeration chamber 200 formed by pa titions
112, 212 and 412 and one outside .~;all and flcor oi the tank 10
and equipped 1.Jith air dilfuser 217; the third aeration chamber 300
forlDed by partitions 112, 212, 412 and. the second outside ~.all and
floor of the tank 10 and eouipped ~;ith an air diffuser 317 and a
submer~ed multichannel suspended solids separator 310; the flo~
equiliser 402; a chemical oxidizing agent dispens ng chamber 410;
chemical oxidizing agent storage-dispensin~ container 430; chemi-
cal oxidaiion-clarification chamber 400 formed by partitions 412
and 413 and the side ~,alls and floor o~ the tank 10; and charcoal
containin~ c`na.mber 420 formed by partitions 412, 413 and the sic'e
~;alls and I`loor o, the -tank 10.
~eferin~ to the system's hydraulics, at periods of zero flo-ff
of the incomin~ se~a~e the lio,uid level in aeration chambers is at
levels 103, 203, and 303, -~iith the rc-actor ]iquor containing mixed
lio.uor sus~ended solids bein~ continuously acrated in each aera-
tion chamber by compressed air introduced into the first aeration
chamber via air line 116, into -the second aeration chamber via
line 216 and into the third aeration c'na!nber via line 316, the ae-
rated liquor being circulated from third aeration chamber 300
via openin~ 340 in partition 112 into the first aeration charnber
100, from first aeration chamber 100 via opening 115 in partit~on
112 into the second aeration cnamber 200 and from second aeration
chamber 200 via opening 205 in partit;on 212 back into the third
aeration c`nfimber 300. Under these conditions at zero flo~ of the
incoming sev.~age the rnineral storage-dispensin~ container 101 lo-
cated in aeration chamber 200 is just above the liquid level 203,
the mineral not being in contact ~ith the aerated liquor maintai-
ned in aeration chamber 200 and therefore not being dissolved in-
to the aerated liquor.
As the raw se~iage enters via opening 104 into first aeration
chamber the îiquid level in the first, second and third aeration
chambers rises, the increase in the hight of the liquid level be-
ing proportional to the difierence bet~een the flo-,~i of incorî.ing
se.!.~age and flo~ of the clarified effluent from the flo~i eo,uiliser
402. ~he higher the flo.~. rate of tne incomin~ se-wa~e the higher
is the liquid level in the three aeration cna1r.bers and consequGnt-
ly the more of tne mineral is subrî,ergec into the aerated lioAuor
and dissolved.
: As the m~ixture of se:iage and sludOe solids flo~,s from first
aeration chamber 100 into the second aeration chaL1ber 200 Gnd
from second aerat~on chamber into the third ~eration chamber 300
the biode~radable or~anic matter is bioo~idi~ed,
- 6 -
the nitrosGnous compounds transformed to nitrates and the so-
luble phosphates precipitated. In each aeration chamber the mi-
~ing of tke se~age -~iith the sludge solids is maintained by com
pressed air introduced into the liquor via non-clog diffusers
117, 217 and 3l7.
In the third aeration chamber 300 the mixture of purific-d
sewage and mixed liquor suspended solids enters into a submer-
ged multichannel suspended solids separator 310 via opening 320
located at the louer end of the separator 310, then flo~;s upu2rd
in channels 321 in direction of arro~is 309, then into a centrally
located collection line 323 and out of aeration cnamber 300 in-
to a flow equilizer 402 located in chamber 410. On the way up
in cnannels 321 suspended solids are settled out on the Y;alls of
the inclined cnannels, then contlnuously slid down into the recir-
culated liquor.
The suspended solids sep,rated from the purified sewage are
circulated in the third aeration chamber upwardly in the space
between partition l12 and the suspended solids separator 310 and
do~inuardly in the space bet~een partition 412 and the suspended
solids separator 310. Portion of the separatec suspended solids
is continuously recycled into aeration cha~ber lOO via opening
340 located in partition l12.
The flou equilizer 402 located in the chemical oxidizing
agent dispensing chamber 410 consists of a vertical pipe ~iith a
narrou opening 403. The flo~; equilizer maintains the flow of the
treated se~iage through the suspended solids separator within the
ra-nge permitted by tne flow of the clarified effluent through
the opening 403 regardles of the flow Or the incor..ing sel~:age.
~t a surge flow of the incoming se~age the se~iage accumulates in
3 the three aeration chambers due to the equilizer ~hich causes to
rise the liquid level in aeration chambers to a level which is
limited by the neight of the flou equili~er pipe 402. In this
uay the detrimental effects of the surge of the incoming se~age
on the involved biological proces-;es and on the separation of
suspended solids is eliminated.
The clarlfied effluent overflo~!;s frorrl the opening 403 of the
flow eauilizer 402 into the chemical oxidizin~ a~ent dispensing
ch~mber 410. To flow out fl-om chamber 410 the effluent must pass
through a narro~ openin~ 414 -~hich controls the flo~,~irate out of
charr,ber 410 into the chemical oxidation-clarification chamber 400.
At the varying flow oI the effluent from the flo~:~ eauilizer 402
the level of the liquid in chamber 410 rises and varies within
the height of the opening 414 of the vertical pipe 411. A granu-
lated chem~cal oxidizing agent is stored in a perforated contai-
ner 430 located in chamber 410 with the container's bo~tom tou-
ching the level of the liquid in char1ber 410 at zero flo-, OI the
effluent through equilizer 402. The lia,uid level in charl~ber 410
rises proportionally to the flo\~i rate of the effluent from this
chamber submerglng the perforated container 430 containing the
chemical oxidizing agent into the effluent and dissolving the oxi-
dizing agent into the effluent proportionally to the flow of the
effluent ~hrough chamber 410. Thus the amount of oxidizing agent
deposited into a unit volume of the effluent in the apparatus of
this invention is constant and is controled by the dimensions of
the opening 414.
The effluent containing the chemical oxidizing agent flows
into the louer portion of the chemical oxidation-clarification
chamber 400 and via openings 425 into a submerged multichannel
chemical reactor-clarifier 410. The multichannel reactor-clari-
fier prtvents shortcutting of tlle chemically treated effluent ~Ji-
thin the chemical oxidation-clarification chamber thus providing
conditions for efficient oxi~ation of the residual impurities,
efficient kill of bacteria and ~-iruses and simultaneously also
efficient se~aration of the residual suspended solids. In channels
3 421 the chemically treated effluent flo~;s upr;aràly into a centra-
lly located collection line 422 and then out of chamber 400 and
into chamber 420 for decomposition of the residual oxidizin~ a-
gent. In chamber 420 the purified effluellt flows dorjnwardly throu-
gh a bed of charcoal then -~ia opening 4c3 and pipe 424 out oi the
apparatus for surface disposal or for reuse.
-- 8 --
?
'.'.hile the described apparatus is particularly useful for
single family and muliiple family ~::aste water renovation units,
or as a marine sanitation device, it ha.s applications to se~age
treatment systems of various sizes. It is particularly useful as
a standzrdized package plant for use on land or off shore in va-
rious permanent or temporary ins~alations.
~'.hile tne s~stem of the present invention has been described
for use ~3ith steel, it is obvious, that ~he system may be constru-
cted OI any convenient material such as reinforced concrete or
fiber glas. Although the present invention has been described
in part with reference to specific example, rnodiIications may
be constructed or used ~ithout departing from the scope of the
invention ~hich is defined in ~he follo;iing claims.
