Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
The present invention relates to novel germicidal
cleansening compositions of matter, in semi-solid form, the ger-
micidal action of which is based on the combined effect of iodo-
phors or on inorganic iodine and iodine compounds, in combination
with constituents giving a detergent effect. The novel composi-
tions of matter are of special use for disinfecting various items
in hospitals and the like, for use before surgery and the like.
The novel products according to the present invention are substan-
tially non-hygroscopic, non-corrosive and they have a long-lasting
germicidal or germistatic effect and they are enhanced by outstand-
ing detergent properties. The term "semi-solid form" defines a
form like that of soap bars or of solid detergent sticks or the
like.
The novel compositions according to the present inven
tion comprise essentially in combination:
a) at least 20 weight-% of one or two of the group consisting of
sulfated fatty alcohols (C14 to C26) and of sulfosuccinates of
fatty alcohols (C12 to C24);
b) between l weight-% and 20 weight-% of an organic iodine com-
plex or of solubilized inorganic iodine;c) a quantity of not exceeding about 10 weight-% of water;
d) at least about 20 weight-% of one or more members of the group
consisting of saturated fatty alcohols ~C14 to C26), saturated
fatty acids (C14 to C20) and succinates or maleates of fatty al-
cohols (C10 to C24). Preferred iodine compounds are iodophors,
such as PVP-iodine, undecoylum-chloride iodine, imidazoline iodine;
or inorganic iodine compounds such as iodine and an alkali metal
iodide.
Other and further more detailed aspects of the invention
will become apparent hereinafter.
There are known various germicidal preparations based
on iodophors, such as, for example, those described in U.S. Patent
3~
No. 3,687,855 and in German Patents 2,123,551 and 2,166,215
These contain considerable quantities of extenders, such as poly-
ethylene glycol and other polyhydroxy compounds. The inclusion
of these was considered imperatiYe according to these patents.
According to the present invention there is provided a
no~el composition of matter devoid of such extenders. The novel
composition of matter comprises a sulfosuccinate and/or succinate
of fatty alcohols and this obviates the necessity for the inclu-
sion of bulky extenders which are inert and non-active. The pre-
sence of the sulfosuccinates and/or succinates enhances the deter-
gent properties of the novel composition o~ ma~ter and increases
the germicidal properties of same due to the synergistic proper-
ties of this mixture.
As set out above, the novel germicidal cleansening com-
positions in semi-solid form according to the present invention
comprise at least 20 weight-% and up to about 70 weight-% of one
or two members of the group consisting of sulfated fatty alcohols
and sulfosuccinates of fatty alcohols; between about 1 weight-%
and 20 weight-% of an organic iodine complex or of solubilized
inorganic iodine; a quantity of up to about 10 weight-% of water;
at least about 20 weight-% of one or more of: saturated fatty
alcohols, saturated fatty acids and succinates or maleates of
fatty alcohols. In these, the carbon-atom range is as defined
aboveO The saturated fatty alcohols are preferably of the R-OH
type, where R designates alkyl of about 14 to 26 carbon atoms.
The sulfated fatty alcohols are of the R'-O-S02-ONa type, where
Rl designates alkyl of 10 to about 26 carbon atoms. The fatty
acids are of the type R"-COOH where R~' is alkyl of about 14 to 20
carbon atoms. The sulfosuccinates are mono- and/or di-sulfo-succi-
nates of fatty alcohols of the respective formulas:
-- 2 --
//o ~ o
CH - -; C CH2
OR
H2 ~ C ~ ~H2- ~ C ~
ONa \ OR2
~nd
Nn ~0 CH - C ~ N SO C~ _ C ~ORl
/ ONa ~ OR2
H2C -- C H2-- C ~ o
wherein Rl and R2, which may be identical or different, ea~h re-
presents an alkyl group or an alkoxylated alkyl group.
Suitable active iodine compounds are those generally
known as "iodophors" i.e. products wherein a surface active agent
serves as carrier and solubili7ing aglent for iodine, compounds
such as PVP-I iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidone complex; undecoylum-
chloride iodine, imidazoline iodine and the like or inorganic
iodine such as iodine in combination with an alkali metal iodide
such as potassium iodide or sodium iodide. These constitute about
1 to 20 per cent by weight of the compositions of the invention,
~` the preferred range being about 2 to 10 weight-%. Various of the
different active iodine complexes and compounds were tested and
satisfactory results were obtained. It is evident that the com-
bination of such active iodine complexes or compounds with the
other constituents of the novel compositions result in a syner-
gistic germicidal effect.
- The iodine content of the compositions can be varied
according to the desired use and degree of germicidal activity.
It is known that concentrations as low as about 10 ppm of iodophor
in aqueous systems exhibit a pronounced batceriostatic effect.
The two components sulfated fatty alcohols and sulfosuc-
cinates (as defined above) of fatty alcohols are substantially
7a31 3
interchangeable, and these impart the main detergent properties
to the novel compositions. The novel compositions contain gene-
rally not less than about 20 weight-% of these two or of one of
these.
The saturated fatty alcohols, saturated fatty acids and
also the succinate of fatty alcohols impart advantageous derma-
tological characteristics to the compositions of the invention.
These two are interchangeable to a large extent. The choice of
the relative quantities depends to a large extent on the desired
quantity of lather desixed. A part or all of the succinate used
in the compositions of the present invention may be replaced by
corresponding quantities of maleates.
Satisfactory results can be achieved with various com-
binations of the 3 ingredients: saturated fatty alcohols, satu-
rated fatty acids and succinates (or partially maleates) of fatty
alcohols, which comprise about up to 70 to 80 parts by weight of
the compositions of the present invention. These (or any of these)
three in~redients ought to constitute at least about 20 parts by
weight o~ the compositions of the invention. When such low quan-
tities o~ these are used, the other components such as sul~atPdfatty alcohols and/or sulfosuccinates of fatty alcohols will cons-
titute a correspondingly higher percentage of the composition.
Such compositions have a high lathering actîvity.
The sulfosuccinates have a pH in the desired acid range,
and the succinate has also a pH in the desired acid range. These
serve also as bu~fering agents in this range.
The novel germicidal semi-solid preparations are advan-
tageously prepared by heating the various ingredients together at
an elevated temperature, to obtain an intimate fluid or semi-fluid
mixture, cooling the mixture to a lower temperature at which it
is still in a semi-fluid extrudable state, adding thereto the
iodine-complex, or inorganic iodine, and extruding, casting or
7~
shaping by other means the product in a desired shape, such as
bar, stick or the like
Some of the preparations were initially heated to about
70-85C., cooled to about 50-65C., the iodine complex or inor-
ganic iodine was added and the desired shape of the final product
was prepared.
The pH of the preparation is advantageously adjusted -to
a pH in the acid range, which ought to be in the range suited for
dermal applications. The best pH is about pH 5, and this can be
attained by the addition of suitable physiologically acceptable
acids. Various organic acids are suited for this purpose; so is
phosphoric acid. The fatty acids are advantageously part of the
compositions of the present invention, but these do not form an
imperative part thereof.
Example 1
70 parts by weight lauryl alcohol sulfate (90% active
ingredient, 10% water) was heated to ,B0C. and mixed with 20 parts
acetyl/steary alcohol and 5 parts stearic acid. The pH was ad-
justed by the addition of lactic acid (about 1% by weight) to pH
5.0 and 4 parts P V P.-Iodine was added at a temperature of 55C.
` The product was cast in the form of soap-bars.
Example 2
A preparation was prepared from 45 per cent by weight
fatty alcohol sulfates (60% lauryl, 30% myristyl and 10% cetyl
alcohol) and this was mixed with 20% myristyl sulfosuccinate.
; After heating to 80C. the mixture was admixed with 24% of itæ
weight of technical grade cetyl/stearyl alcohol. The pH was ad-
justed by addition of phosphoric acid to pH 5, cooled to 60C.
and 10% by weight of polyvinyl pyrrolidone iodine was added. The
mixture was extruded in the form of soap bars.
The following preparations, given in the form of a
Table illustrate the composition of a number of variations ac-
cording to the present invention. It ought to be clearly under-
stood that the percentages of the ingredients are not critical,
and that these may be varied within certain limits without depart-
ing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The
various percentages are to be adjusted mutually, and these depend
also to a certain extent on the desired degree oF hardness of the
product.
The following preparations were made as set out above,
parts are by weight:
I II III IV V VI VII ~III
Sulfated fatty
alcohols (C10-C26): 20 30 35 40 30 30 20
Saturated fatty
alcohols (C14-C26): 25 18 15 5 7 20 15 35
Saturated fatty
acidS (C14 C20) 8 - 5 10 - 10 46 15
Sulfosuccinate of
fatty alcohols
(~12 C24) 35 36 18 18 40 0 17 10
Succinate of fatty
alcohols (C10 C24): 5 9 14 _ 24 10 10
Iodophor (PVP-I or
non-ionic detergent-
I complex): 7 10 10 5 15 10 2 0
Iodine and KI: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
Water: - 5 8 8 8 6 5 5
Instead of the organic iodine complexes there may be
used inorganic iodine preparations, such as for example, compo-
sitions containing iodine and an alkali metal iodide, such as
potassium iodide, dissolved in a suitable quantity of water. For
example, 20 wt-% iodine, 40 wt-% potassium iodide and 40 wt-%
water give a suitable solution. A quantity of 4 g. of this solu-
tion incorporated in 96 g. of detergent mixture according to the
invention ~with no organic iodine complex) gave satisfactory de-
tergent and antiseptic results.
Similar compositions were prepared, containing a quantity
-- 6 --
of an organic acid such as citric or lactic acid, adapted to
adjust the pH to a value of about 5-5.5.
Stability:
The stability of the novel germicidal preparations
according to the present invention was tested
The tests carried out have shown that, for example, a
preparation according to the present invention containing 10 per
cent by weight Povidone Iodine (pH 5.3) lost only 6 per cent of
the available iodine during a period of storage of 50 days at
50C. A liquid detergent preparation, available commercially,
containing the same initial percentage of iodine lost 27 per cent
available iodine at 50C during 30 days. Comparative tests have
shown the superiority of preparations according to the present
invention as regards storage, compared with other commercial pre-
parations containing Povidone Iodine.
The pH of the preparations according to the present
invention is an optimum as regards the activity of the iodine.
It is known that the bactericidal efflcacy of iodine and of orga-
nic iodine preparations is increased when the pH is lowered. A
pH of below 6 is generally suggested, the activity being still
better at a pH of about 5 or below this value.
; The preparation according to the present invention has
a pH in the optimal range, while the advantageous detergent pro-
perties o~ a good soap are maintained. The preparations according
to the present invention are not detrimentally effected by hard
water No "ring" is formed in the bathtub and no precipitates
are formed with hard water or with salts such as magnesium or
calcium salts.
The pH of the preparation according to the present
invention can be adjusted to the desired value by the addition
of various physiologically acceptable acids such as lactic acid,
citric acid, phosphoric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid and the
- 7 -
like.
The novel preparations according to the present inven-
tion have a further advantage, namely the enhanced effect of the
detergent and o~ the organic iodine compounds. In soaps contain-
ing organic iodine compounds, hard water causes the formation of
a precipitate and this impairs the antibacterial ef~ectivity. The
novel compositions are not adversely affected by hard waterJ and
the detergent effect and the bacteriacidal effect of the organic
iodine compound complement each other and a certain synergism is
obtained.
Conventional soaps used in places like hospitals are
often the source of cross-infections due to the fact that bacte-
ria may survive on the surface of such solid soap bars and infect
subsequent users.
The bactericidal effect of the novel preparations is
so strong that practically no patogenic microorganism will sur-
vive on the surface of a preparation according to the invention.
This property is of special importance for use in hospitals, in
the case o~ epidemics, in military medicine, nurseries and other
publi~ places.
Bacteriological Tests:
A bar was prepared according to Example 4, ænd a sus-
pension of 6.10 stphylococci was applied onto the surface of the
bar, which had been wetted with tap water 3 minutes before. Sixty
seconds after the application of the bacteria, a swab was taken
and cultured. No bacteria survived.
A control was carried out with conventional toilet soap,
and over 1000 bacteria were counted.
A suspension of about 10 pseudomonas aeruginosa was
applied to the palm of a human hand and spread thereon. The hand
was washed with soap during two minutes of scrubbing and rinsed
with water. About 680 microorganisms were counted.
4~98
A parallel test with a bar o~ the novel preparation
according to Example 4 resulted in zero survival of microorga-
nisms.
A slurry was prepared comprising 10 g. of a composition
according to preparation No. III in 20 ml. of water. A quantity
of Pseudomonas Aeroginosa was introduced into the slurry so as
to obtain a final concentration of 105 microorganisms per ml,
After 30 minutes, a sample was taken and examined.
No bacteria survived alive.
A similar experiment was carried out with regular soap
at similar concentrations in water and of bacteria. After 30
minutes the bacteria survived. Even after 2 hours they were 3still alive.
Similar results were obtained with analogous prepara-
tions containing inorganic iodine in combination with sodium
iodide or potassium iodide.
