Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1070633
T.he invention relates to ~ method ~ox the p~r~lysi.s
of pol~me~ic and~or ino~nic waSte pXoduct~ in ~hich.the
~aste product~ are decomposed ~nto solid, ~luîd and gaseous
ingxedients and in whic~ solid su~stances are pulverized
be~orehand.
The invention furthermore relates to a device
for carrying out the method of the invention.
The invention in general serves the purpose of
decomposing, without any risk of polluting .the environment,
~ol~meric and/or inorganic waste products such as vulcanized
rubber, old tyres, and also fluid energ~-containin~ substances
such as varnish or oil residue into parts wh~ch are pure and
can be used again.
It is basically known for such waste..products to
be burned, in which case it is possible to manage with a
comparatively small supply of foreign energy.
In U.S. Patent 3,362,887, for example, a method
which serves specially for the combustion of rubbish and
waste is described. In this known method, combustion in.stages
is carried out in such a way that the waste material comes
directly in contact with the waste gas of the burners.
Furthermore, a method in which old tyres are used
in a known method of cooking is known from German Auslegeschrift
No. 2,326,062.
The underlying task of the invention is to produce
a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset,
which has such a high degree of efficiency that on the one
hand, continuous operation of the method is maintained without
the supply of foreign energy, and on the other hand, a
particularly high proportion of pure re-usable gaseous and
fluid substances can, moreover, be produced.
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~ o70633
~ urthèr~re, ~ccoxdin~ to the ~nvention, ~ method
and a dev~ce must be produced whîch axe suitable'~or processing
~luid products or xesidue with a predeterminable't'ime of direct
contact in the reactor and ~ith a consistentl~ high degree
o~ efficienc~.
The'features which are laid down in the appl'îcation
for the ~atent particularl~ serve ~or solving this task. ~'
One considerable'advantage of the învention consists
o~ the fact that gaseS of high value which possess a hîgh
energy content are produced durîn~ decomposîtion.
Furthermore, according to the invention, a partîcularly
compact and easily transportable device is produced.
~ ccording to the inventîon, the advantage can,
moreover, be achieved that re-obtaining of a particularly
high proportion of energy-containing ingredients from the
processed waste products is made possible by reduction.
Since, according to the invention, a sufficiently
strong partial vacuum is worked with, there is produced the
advantage that the danger of explosion is precluded, which
basically arises from the fact that the temperature whîch
is necessary for the desired progress of the method lies
within the spontaneous combustion range.
If, according to a preferred specific emboaiment
of the device of the invention, the reactor pipe rises from
the entry end to the deliverv end, components which are not
completely p~rolîsed or products in the form of paste are
advantageousl~ prevented from passing through unchecked and
too rapidly. By corres~onding adjustment of the incline
of the reactor pîpe, an optimal degree of working efficiency
can be established in accordance with the invention,
according to the respective flow or aggregate conaitions of
the products ~hîch have to be pyrolised.
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' ` 1070633
Furthe`~ore, acco~din~ to the ~nVention, the
feed veIocity can be varied by rotating the paddle blades in the
desired manner, in order to t~ke as muc~ account as po~sible
of the condition of the processed products.
~dvanta~eousl~, all the energy~containing ingredients
which are alread~ in the reactor pipe pass into the gaseous state,
and can consequentl~ be sucked o~f in a simple manner.
The sucking-off takes place here in the uni~low
cuxrent w~th the cuttings which are obligatorily pushed forward.
The oils and ~axes which are sucked oPf in the gaseous state
can subsequently be distilled, separated and purified. A
particularly high degree of efficiency is obtained in the
reactor pipe if the cuttings are held compre~sed b~ a predetermined
dynamic pressure during heating and decomposing, so that an
optimal rate of filling is ensured. To this end, the waste
pxoducts, in particular, are preliminaril~ reduced to cuttings
with a size oi 30 to 50 mm before pre~drying, whilst the residual
material which remains in the reactor pipe is further pulverized
at the sub-atmospheric pressure which is established, and
before cooling.
The invention is subsequentl~ explained b~
exa~ples and with the aid of the accompanying drawings; in the
latter
Fig~ 1 shows a diagrammatic side view of the
device of the invention with a horizontally arranged reactor
pipe;
Fig. 2 shows a similar representation to Figure 1,
but in which the reactor pipe rises from the entrance end to
the deliver~ end;
- 30 Fig. 3 shows a perspective representation of a
feed arrangement in which adjustable paddles blades are fixed
to a hollow shaft;
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~ i~. 4 sho~s a c~o~s~sect'ion th~ou~h the hollo~
$haft rep~esent~d in Fig. 3, in which the fastening o~
a paddle'~lade ~S ~llustrate'd;
F~g. 5 shows a diagrammat'ic representation of a
paddle blade ~hich'extends over a particularl~ large angle
range;
Fig. 6 shows a cross-section through the hollo~
shaft represented in ~ig. 3, in which a transverse pipe which
is inserted gas-tightly into the hollow shaft is illustrated
in section, and
~ ig. 7 shows a diagrammatic section through a
specially preferred device according to the invention.''
~ ccording to Fig. 1, the entire device is so
arranged on a platform that the reactor pipe 112 substantiall~ "
rests horizontally. On the entrance side, which is on the left
; in the drawing, the device is pivotably mounted in a swivel
bearing 102 on a bearing block. At the deliver~ end, which'
is-represented in the right hand part of the dra~ing, lifting
- tongs 104 are fixed under the device,' which on the one hand,
axe supported on the platform, and on the other hand, support
the deliver~ end of the device. The lifting tongs 104 are
operable via a threaded spindle 103, ~hich is led at 105 in a
; pivotably mounted nut. When the threaded spindle 103 is rotated
by the hand wheel 106 in such a way that the end of the threaded
spindle moves to the right, the lifting tongs are, as a
result, actuated in such a way that the delivery end of the
device is raised. Basically, any lifting device can be used
~hich i~ able to be constructed in an advantageous manner,
dependent upon the weight of the device.
- 30 In Fig. 2 the device is illustrated in the position
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" 1070633
~n ~hiCh the.thxeaded ~p~ndle 103'is:x.otated.so far to the
ri~ht that the'liftin~ ton~s 104 have xeached their ~aximum
lifting path.''As can be seen from ~i~. 2, the reactor pipe
112 rises comparativeIy steeply from the entrance end to the
deIiver~ end. Thereb~, a li~uid level as shown in ~ig. 2
by a dotted line can be established. The'~aseous substances
can collect in the'space in the reactor pipe which is represent- .
ed b~ shading in Fig. 2, and by this means.it is ensured that
de~endent upon the time of direct contact and~or the run-through
velocit~, no fluid substances can escape from the delivery
; end of the reactor device, i~ the incline of the reactor pipe
112 is suitably adjusted.
The incline o~ the reactor pipe 112 can easily
be adjusted opt'imally during running, dependent upon the
products which are being processed and dependent upon the
progress of the method carried out.
Fig.. 3 shows in a perspective representation a ~.
, hollow driving shaft 114, on which radially projecting paddle
blades are mounted at a predeterminable angle of clearance.
20 The paddle blades 120, together with the hollow driving shaft
114, form the feed device for the products to be treated
in the reactor pipe (not shown).
Fig. 4 illustrates in detail in a cross~section
through the hollow shaft 114 the way in which the paddle
blades 120 are fastened to the hollow driving shaft 114. A
threaded pivot 121 which is fixed radially inside to the paddle
'~ blade serves for fastening one paddle blade 120, which
pivot is fixed through corresponding apertures in the hollow
,-~ driving shaft 114 and is fastened on the opposite side by a nut
30 122. In order to vary the angle of clearance of one paddle'
blade 120, it is sufficient to slacken the nut 122, so that
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1070633
the p~ddle blade can then be rotated in the desired ~anneX and
the nut 122 finall~ tightened a~a~n. With the aid o~ the
arrangement which is representea in Fag. 4, the angle o~
clearance of the individual paddle blades can be ad~usted in
a simple m~nner by the desired amount, depending upon the
progress of the method or aepending upon the product which
is being processed.
~ ith the aid of the arrangement WhiCh is represented
in Fig. 4, the ~eed velocity can be optimall~ adjusted according
to the pre-heating gasification delivery zone. ~or this,
it is sufficient to rotate the paddle blade 120 after loosening
the nut 122, after which the nut 122 is tightened again.
A paddle blade 120 with a particularly
large angle range in circumferential direction is represented
in Fig. 5. The range of angle occupied by the paddle blade 120
in ~ig. S amounts to approximately 180. The fastenin~ of
the paddle blade which is represented in Fig. 5 corresponds to
the arrangement represented in ~ig. 4. ~addle blades with a
particularl~ lar~e angle range are especiall~ suitable for use
in conjunction with a heated hollow shaft 114, in ~hich case,
as in Fi~. 6, a transverse pipe 123 is inserted gas-tightly into
the hollow shaft 114. If a hot fluid is conducted through
the hollow shaft 114, the paddle blades 120 are also heated
with the hollow shaft 114, and by this meanS a good heat
transmutation to the contents to be treated in the reactor pipe
can be obtained. In this connection, the gas-tightly inserted
transverse pipe 123 serves the purpose, on the one hand, of
accepting the threaded pivot 121 of the paddle blade 120, and
on the other hand, of preventing, b~ the gas-tight connection
to the hollow shaft 114, leakage of the hot fluid which is
conducted through the hollow shaft 114.
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~ ~ 1070633
According to ~ig. 7 o~ the dx~wing, one pxe~e~red
specific embodiment according to the~nvention of a device
10 ~oX pyrolysis comprises a reactor pipe 12 with a xotatabl~
mounted sh~ft 14 which extends in its longitudinal direction.
This can be e~uipped over its cixcumference with a continuous
spiral blade 16 or preferably with obliqueIy set paddle blades
18.
A charging hopper 22 is airtightly connected
to the entrance end of the xeactor pipe. An annular jacket
28 extends coaxially to the reactor pipe 12 from its entrance
end to its delivexy end and encloses a heating device with
~hich heat is supplied to the inner space of. the reactor pipe .-
12.
The heating device embraces a heating chamber 30,
which in the area of the delivery end o~ the reactor pipe 12
extends coaxially to it and is equipped with burners 32 and 34.
The heating chamber.30 on its side which is placed away from
the delivery end of the reactor pipe 12 has in the area of
the jacket of the reactor pipe 12 an annular aperture which
passes into an annular hot air passage 36, which extends coaxially
around the reactor pipe 12 from the heating chamber.30 to the
area of the charging hopper 22. The hot air passage 36 is
divided up by several annular walls 38 which are arranged in
its annular inner space and form a lab~-rinthine flow path f
for the outgoing a~ir which escapes from the heating chamber.30
into the hot air passage 36 and conduct it to a chimney 40.
A hot air chamber 42 surrounds the reactor pipe 12
in the area of its entrance end on that side of the hot air
passage 36 which is placed away from the heating chamber 30,
and is in communication with the former by apertures 44 through
which hot air can pass into the hot air chamber 42.
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o70633
The' charging hopper 22 is axranged on the inside
of the annular ~acket 28 with its bottom paxt in the hot air
chambex 42, and i~ heated in the hot air cham~ex 42 b~ the
hot air which flows ~rom there. :
~ deLivery chamber 46 is connected airtightly
to the reactor pipe 12. The delivery chamber 46 and the
reactor pipe 12 are separated from one another by a delivery
flap 48 ~hich is biassed to its closed position b~ a counter-
weight 50, which acts on a lever arm.
A friction element 52 is fixed unrotatably in the
area of the delivery flap 48 to the shaft 14, wh'ich is
rotatably mounted in the reactor pipe 12. .
A counter-friction disc 54, which engages annularly
around the shaft 14 is firmly fixed on that side of the delivery ''
flap 48 which is pointed towards the reactor pipe 12. The
friction element 52 and the counter-friction disc 54 cooperate
when the shaft 14 is rotated, and crush the residual material
which is in the area of the delivery flap 48 and is pressed
against the delivery flap 48 by the cuttings which are
subsequently obligatorily pushed forward, before this can drip
through the delivery flap 48 into the delivery. chamber 46.
In the.area of the floor of the delivery; chamber
46 a diagrammatically indicated conveyor pipe..56 is provided
with a conveyor device 58, in order to make.it possible to
discharge completely the pulverized residual material which
drops into the delivery chamber 46 and contains non~decomposable
residue, such as steel linings in tyres and carbonized residue.
At the delivery end of the conveyor pipe 56 there is arranged
a flap 62, which is loaded with a weight 60 and ensures an
airtight closure of the delivery chamber 46 in the area of
the conveyor pipe 56. '
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1~70633
, ~ .
A ~lower 64 is connected b~ its ~uction side to
the del.ivexy ch'amber 46 and create~ a partial.vacuum in the
latter. The pressure ~ide of the blower 64 is connected to
a distillation'vesseL'66, through which the gases which are
~ucked of~ are'conducted, and in which a fluia distillate and
also resiaual gases which are purified, cooled and drawn off,
form.
The distillation vesseI'66 is in:communication via
an oil pipeline 68 with the burner.32 and và~a a gas plpeIine
70 with the burner 34. The burners.32 and 34 are consequently
operated with combustibles which are produced during decom-
position of the waste products. Onl~ in the starting operation
is it necessary to use foreign combustibles.
A branch pipe 72 leads from an ap;erture of the
chimney 40, which is equipped with a control flap 74, to the
distillation vessel 66 and through the latter to a second
chimney 76, in order to utilize the outgoing air for the purpose
of temperature regulation in the distillation vessel 66. The
distillate which forms there and is not used up by the'burner.32
is.conducted via a branch pipeline 78 to a collecting.ves.seI
80.
The device 10 operates in the following manner: -
The waste product is delivered in the form ofcuttings 82 to the charging hopper 22 and drops through the
upper and lower air exclusion locks 22 and 26 into the reactor
pipe 12. Meanwhile, the shaft 14 is driven by an adjustable
motor 84. The cuttings are obligatorily moved further through
the shaft 14 and thereby heated from the outer jacket of the
reactor pipe 12 to a suitable decomposàtion temperature,
whilst the decomposition of the cuttings takes place on their
way to the delivery end of the reactor pipe 12.
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The .deliYe~x ~lap 48 holds back the cuttln~s or
the'residual material 86 remaining after decomposition until
the entire'inner space'of the reactor'p~pe 12 and of. the
chaxgin~ hopper 22 is filled and optimally; compressed and
the force Which'i~ exerted on the del'ivery ~lap 48 overcomes
. the counter~force.'
The gases which are produced during decomposition
are conducted into the distillation ves~el'66, treated in it -
and separated into gases and distillate. The gases, on the'
one hand, and the distillate, on the'other, are partly supplied
again to the burners.32 or 34 to heat the reactor pipe 12.
The re'sidual material which drops into the delivery chamber 46
is simultaneously discharged by means of the conveyor device
48 through the conveyor pipe 56 past the flap 62 which is
loaded with the weight 60.
As the entire inner space of the reactor pipe 12
and of the delivery chamber 46 is airti~htl~ closed to the . .
outside by the air exclusion locks 24 and 26 in the` charging
hopper 22, on the one hand, and by the flap 62 on the conveyor
pipe 56, on the.other, and the gas circuit is itself tightl~ .
closed by the distillation vessel 66, pyrolysis takes place
in the reactor pipe 12 practically with complete exclusion
of air, i.e. with an optimally small proportion of oxygen.
Since, moreover, the blower 64 produces a partial
vacuum in the airtightly closed inner space of the delivery
chamber 46 and of the reactor pipe 12, the gases which form
in decomposition flo~ in the uniflow current ~ith the cuttings
or the residual material out of the reactor pipe 12 and
the delivery chamber 46, into the distillation area. The
partial vacuum which is produced by the blower 64 also brings
about the further important effect that the oils and waxes
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- ~070633
which for~ .duxin~.decomposition can be heId back in their
~aseou~ state:at.~u~ficientl~ hi~hI~ ~eLected decomposition
tempexatuxe, and can consequently~ eas~l~ be~removed by suckin~
o~f. ' '
A ~uxthex important ~eature o~..the device 10 whi'ch
is repxesented consists o~ the'fact that the cuttings 82 are
already pre-dried in the charging hopper 22 before they ::~
reach the'inside o~ the reactor pipe 12 in which they are
decomposed. Pre-heating takes' place without special energy
supply, as the outgoing air which is conducted away from the
heating chamber.30 ~lows axound the jacket of the charging
hopper 22.
