Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Summary of the Invention
This is concerned with a method and apparatus or remov-
ing ties from under railroad track in one piece and is specifi-
cally concerned with removing the ties in a manner such that the
surface and line of the track will be disturbed a minimum, if any.
A primary object of the invention is a method and
apparatus for removing ties from under railroad track in one
piece.
Another object is a method and apparatus of the above
type which involves removing the high wood from the ties between
the rails and on one end thereof so that a tie can be pulled or
pushed out the other way.
Another object is a method of removing the high wood
from the top8 of the ties in a manner so that when the tie is
pulled out, there will be little resistance to its movement.
Another object is a method of removing the high wood
from the tops of the tie in a manner such that the tie plates may
be removed at the same time.
Another object is a method and apparatus for removing
the high wood from the tops of ties in a manner that takes in~o
~11 consideration that they are probably old and substantially plate
cut. ;
Another object is a method of removing the high wood -
' from the tops of old ties so that they can be removed in one piece,
i which involves gauging down from the tops of the rails to a distance
below the bottom of the rail but above the bottom of the tie plates
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SD that when a tie is subsequently pulled or pushed out, none of
the high wood will be hanging onto the tie, nor will there be any
' interference with the bottom of the rails.
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Another object is a method of removing ties from under
railroad tracks in one piece in which the high wood and the tie
plate are removed at the same time and, in a sense~ in one motion.
Another object is a method and apparatus which preserves
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the surface and line of ~he rails wi~h a minimum of disturbance,
if any.
Another object is a method and apparatus which does not
apply a side thrust to the rail when the tie is being pulled or
pushed ou~ in one piece.
Another object is a method and apparatus which does no~
do any jacking of the rails when khe tie is drawn or pushed out
in one piece.
Another object is a method and apparatus which remove~
the high wood from the tops of the ties with the use of longitu-
dinal wood-removing pressure applied thereto and, at the same
time, the tie plates are pushed into the crib space between the
ties.
Another obiect is a method and apparatus of the above
type which does not require any precision cutting or shaving of
the wood but, rather, may be a rough, rugged, crunching type of
; operation, which greatly reduces the cost of the equipment
involved.
Another object is a method and apparatus for removing
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the high wood on the ~ie, which is not dependent upon or a~fected
by the grain of the wood.
Other objects will appear from time to time in the
ensuing specification and drawings.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawinqs
Figure 1 is a side view of the machine;
; Figure 2 is a top view of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a section along line 3-3 of Figure l;
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Figure 4 is a diagrammatic of one end of a tie; and
Figure 5 is a side view, partially in section, of a
modification.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
In Figure 1 a track-working machine has been shown
which include~ a conventional frame 10 made up of angle iron,
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channels, braces and the like. The frame has axles and wheels
12 at each end which, as shown, may be individually driven hydrau-
lically as at 14. The frame carries an operator's cab 16 on one
side thereof which may house suitable controls, none of which is
important here. Since it is preferred that the operating mechanism
described hereinaEter be hydraulically operated, the frame should
; also carry a tank 18 for hydraulic oil with a suitable power source,
such as an engine 20 or the like which may be diesel, gasoline,
or the like. The engine may well need a fuel tank 22 which may
be positioned adjacent a housing 24 for valves, all oE which has
been generally shown in Figures 1 and 2L ~ .
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As shown in Figure 1, a wood cutter or remover arrange-
ment 26 is positioned generally in the center of the frame and
includes a crosshead 28 adapted to be moved between a raised posi-
tion, indicated generally at 30 in broken lines in Figure 1 and
a lower position, indicated generally at 32 in full lines. The
`l crosshead may be raised and lowered by a cylinder 34 with the
~ crosshead itself having a plurality of blocks or slides 36 that
: bear and slide against tubes or guides 38 in the center frame -
opening so that the crosshead will be accurately centered and
controlled in its movement back and forth between its ra;sed and
lowered positions. The frame may have a turntable 40 in Figure
' 1 which may be conventional.
The lower portion of the crosshead supports two pairs
of jaws, a pair 42 between the rails which may be referred to as
`- the center jaws, and a pair 44 outboard of one rail which shall
be referred to as the outside jaws. The jaws or cutters are con-
structed to remove the high wood from -the tops of the ties and
~;~ will be described in detail hereinafter. -
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As shown in Figure 1, each pair 42, 44 includes a set
- of backup jaws or elements 46 which are in the form of spaced
' teeth or fingers mounted on a carrier 47 on one side
of the crosshead
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opposite movable jaws 48 mounted on the other side on slide rods
50 and con~tructed to be closed toward ~he backup jaw 46 under
a certain amount of pressure by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders
52. It will be noticed that the movable jaws 48 have a beveled
upper face 53 and an inclined cutting edge 54 so that with the
backup jaws on one side of a tie, the movable jaws will cut through
the upper portlon of the tie in a wood-slicing or tearing action
to remove a certain amount of the high wood. The backup teeth
are staggered or offset la~erally somewhat to match the incline
of ~he cutting edge 54 with grooves to accept edge 54 so that it
will go all the way ~hrough the wood. ~he machine i3 con~tructed
and it is intended that both movable jaws, between the rails and
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outboard, move at the same time so that the high wood in both
lwations is removed simul~aneously.
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In Figure 3 it will be noted that the carrier 47 for the
fixed jaws 46 are tapered inwardly somewhat, as at 55, along both
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edge~ which, in effect, makes the movable jaws extend beyond the
fixed jaws somewhat, as at 56. This is true of both the inboard
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and the outboard jaw. Plates or adaptors 58 are removably mounted
on the end of the movable jaws and the dimensioning is such that
these plates 58 will contact the edges of the tie plates so that
as the jaws close to remove the high wood, the tie plates will be
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~ pushed longitudinally by the movable jaws. It will be understood
; that the spikes hava been previously removed so that the tie
plates are generally free to move. And since the fixed jaws are
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` cut away, at 55, the plates will slide into the crib space between
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:;~. the ties. The abutment plates 58 on the movable jaws push ~he
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plate on the far rail 60 uniformly, in Figure 3, and to prevent
the tie plate under the near rail 62 from skewing. Since there
are no jaws ou~board of the near rail~ a pusher element 64 is
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moun~ed outboard of the near rail and positioned to engage the
edge of the tie plate so that i~ will be pushed uniformly on each
side of the rail during the high wood removing process.
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The crosshead mechanism may only need one cylinder 34
to raise and lower i~ and although the location of that cylinder
may appear somewhat offcenter in Figure 2, it should be rememhered
that the cro sshead extends outboard of only one ra il so the
cylinder, in fact, is centered on the crosshead itself in Figure
-~ 2. The opening and closing of the jaw~ will not upset the general
weight relationship of the entire crosshead so that one cylinder
may be used if it is disposed generally at the center of gravity
of the entire crosshead mechanism.
In Figure 4 the end of a repre~entative tie 66 has been
shown with the rai} 68 on a conventional tie plate 70. The
~pikes have been removed. It will be noted that the tie is some- ~ :
what plate cut, as indicatea at 72, which is intended to indicate
that the tie is somewhat old and as traffic has passed over the
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1 track through the years, the tie plate has sunk into the tie
: which, on occa~ion, may amount to an inch or more.
The cutter or wood-removing mechani$m should be gauged
and set to remove the high wood down to the level of and prefer-
ab}y slightly above the bottom of the tie plate which is indicated
by broken line 78. The wood should by all means be removed below
the bottom of the rail which i~ indicated by broken line 74, which
~ may also be considered to be the upper surface o the rail-
.. `~ supporting center surface 76 of the tie plate. The reason for
going close to level 74 is so that when the tie plate is slipped
out and the tie is pulled or pushed side~ays to remove it, the
new upper surface of the tie where the wood has been removed will
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:::- be below the bottom of the rail and will have a maximum clearance
'!'~''' and the tie, during removal, will not hit the rail base. Also,
the wood should not be removed below the level 78 of the bottom
surface of the tie plate so that there will be a clean break or
-.- removal of the high w~od. If the wood cutting mechanism cuts
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~ below level 78, the sheared or broken wood will have a tendency
to hang on to or remain connected to the wood under the tie
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~ plate area. For example, in Fi~ure 4 i -the tie is cut down to,
- say, the level 80, which is below the plate cut surface 82, the
sheared wood on the end 84 of ~he tie and between the rails, at
86, will still be connected to the wood in the area 88 under
the plate cut surface. Thus, it is highly desirable to cut or
shear the wood between the level 74 and 78, which is represented
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by the distance X. It is also desirable to perform the wood
cutting or severing longitudinally or in a direction parallel
` to the rails, rather than laterally or across the rails. Any
sort of a shearing or cutting action laterally will be difficult,
a-t best, on the tie end and practically impossible between the
rails. Further, a lateral shearing action will tend to follow
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,he grain of the wood which, in ties/ may go up or down. So
it will be very dificult, if not impossible, to make sure that
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the high wood is removed uniformly all the way across between
the levels 74 and 78 if the shear direction is lateral. A
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longitudinal shearing action has the advantage that the level of
~ the shear can be quite accurately determined and controlled all
; the way across.
It will be noted that the high wood is removed from the
center section of the tie between the rails and from only one
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` end, not the other. This is all that is necessary since the tie
may be pulled or pushed out in that direction.
~ In Figure 3 a mast has been shown generally at 90 on a
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-;-i superstructure 92 on top of the frame and is bent or disposed
to 04e side with a pivot 94 toward the top holding a boom 96 which
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may be telescopic with an outer sleeve 98 on top and an inner
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-, sleeve lO0 on the bottom operated by one or more cylinders lO2
so that the boom may be extended or retracted as desired. The
boom is pivoted in and out by one or more cylinders 104 with the
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extension of the telescopic boom 96 being controlled, either in
- or out, by a camtype sensing mechanism which would extend or
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retract the telescopic boom in accordance with the pivoted posi-
tion of the boom, as disclosed in Canadian Pa-tent 971,035 which
issued July 15, 1975 to the present applicant-
The lower end of the boom may have a mounting 106 with a
clamp or jaw 108 thereon pivoted at 110 by a cylinder 112.
The mast, telescopic boom and clamp on -the bottom with the
various operating cylinders is similar to the mast and boom arrange-
ment shown in Canadian Patent 971,035. The clamp is constructed
to grab the sides of the tie ends and is of rather rugged con-
struction so that as the boom is pivoted in, the sides of the clamp
will cut through or burrow in the ballast and grab the sides of the
tie even though stones or o-ther debris may be in the way. Opening
and closing of the clamp may be effected by a suitable cylinder 114. ;~
The various cylinders that operate ~he boom and its com-
ponents may be coordinated and controlled by a circuit so that the
extension of the boom is coordinated to its pivoted position. The
jaw or clamp is automatically positioned to fit over the end of the
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tie when the boom is brought in. The clamp is automatically closed
at a certain inward position of the boom. The boom extends as it
2~ pivots out pulling the tie along with it to move the pivot 110 along
a planned, coordinate path, similar to or the same as the coordinate
path of movement set forth in Canadian Patent 971,035, the object
being so that the end of the tie, as it is drawn out, is moved
initially generally horizontally with the pivot 110 moving along
line 116 and then the outer end is raised along, with the pivot
110 moving along a diagonal path 118 until it reaches a certain -
~ elevated position, indicated in broken lines generally at 120,
, where the tie, indicated generally at 122, may be close to vertical~
' At this point the clamp or jaws 108 may be released to allow the -
`` 30 tie to fall off of the right of way.
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ri~ The crosshead is lowered and the jaws closed which
shears or tears the high wood from the tie, in the positlon 32
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in Figure 1. The shaping of the jaws or cutters is such ~hatthe high wood will be held between them while they are raised
to the upper position 30 in Figure 1. At this point a pan
mechanism 124 pivoted at 126 by one or more suitable cylinders
128 may move between a vertical position, indicated generally
at 130, and a horizontal position 132 under the jaw. The pan
mechanism should include two portions, a large part between the
rails and a small part outboard, together spanning the cutter
jaw~ or drophead mechanism. In the horizontal position 132 of
the pan the jaws w~uld open dropping the wood a~d wood chips
onto the pan. The cylinder 128 would then pivot the pan, counter-
. ~ clockwise in Figure 1, to the 130 position at a speed such tha~
the chips would be thrown or w~uld fall on a conveyor mechanism
134 which may include a wide or center conveyor 136 between the
rails and a somewhat narrow conveyor 138 outboard. The conveyors
as a unit are pivoted at 140 so that they may be moved between
- a traveling, somewhat vertical position 142 and an inclined
downward position 144 by one or more suitable cylinders 146~ The
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conveyors may extend far enough so that they empty into a regular
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or special hopper car or container 147 which may be mounted on
separate wheels and either attached to or propelled behind or in
front of this unit.
Another approach is to have the conveyors mounted on
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~ a separate car projecting forwardly therefrom so that they may
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be inserted Lnto the space under the cutter crosshead to receive
the chips and to withdraw when the crosshead is to be lowered.
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They might e~pty into their own hopper car or a separate unit.
In fact, the conveyors, as shown in Figure 1 might be generally
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horizontal and mounted on a reciprocal mechanism so that they
could be inserted under the crosshead to receive chips and then
withdrawn to empty into a large conveyor, either mounted on the
frame of the machine or pulled along separately. In this event,
the pan mechanism 124 w~uld not be neces~ary. But~ in any event,
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it is important that the chips be removed and not dropped
directly on the right of way. The chips might be collected in ~ .
a separate bin, either on the machine or towed along with it
and dumped or discharged at intervals along the right of way
when full, either into a removal unit at a crossing or designated
location or in a remote location somewhat distant from a yard or
station.
Another form of the chip-disposal unit is shown i~
Figure 5 in which the which cutters are diagrammatically indicated
10 at 148 in their raised po~ition with a chip pan at 150 mounted
; on pivoted anms 152 with a chaintype arrangement 154 therein and
operated by a suitable cylinder 156. The pan is pivoted at the
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bottom of the arms, as at 158, wi~h the arms pivoted at the top
as at 160 so that as the arms swing, say, to the broken line
position 162 in Figure 5 under the cutter jaws, the pan will be
horizontal or generally so. The chips may be dumped on the pan
; in the position 162 and then the pan and arms pivoted clockwise
;-; to a dump position indicated in broken lines at 164O Different
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~ size sprockets on pivots 158 and 160, for example a somewhat
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larger one at the ~op, caus~ the pan ~o progressively tip as the
arms pivot so that i~ dumps when it reaches position 164 a~ove
~,.,?. a suitable container 166, ei~her on the frame or separate. The
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pan would be in two parts, a large one between ~he rails and a
smaller one outboard of the far rail. The linkage or chain
arrangement may be such that when the pan arrives in the dump
position 164 it will automatically be tilted to the degree
necessary that the chips will elide off in~o the containerO or
a separate cylinder may be used to tip it completely. But in
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any event, the pan can be inserted under the cutter heads to
~;~ 30 receive the chips and then withdrawn to a discharge position,
- thereby allowing the cutter heads to open and to descend to
; remove the high w~od f rom the next tie.
The use, opera~ion and function o the invention axe
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as follows:
A main object is to remove the high wood ~rom old
ties so that they may therea~ter be removed in one piece. High
wo~d may be thought of as the wood above the plate cut level.
In the past, ties have been cut into three pieces, two ends ana
a middle, but this makes disposal of the pieces difficult and
complicated and the resulting pieces h~ve no value. On the other
hand, a full length tie will be of value to farmers, garden groups
and the like. A full length old tie is much easier to dispose
of than a bunch of broken pieces. But getting a Eull length tie
out from under the rails is particularly difficult because a twenty
or thirty year old tie is subs~antially pla~e cut. Getting such
tie out normally involves jacking up the track, which is undesir-
able because its level will be ruined.
The object of the extractor, and the method, is to dis-
turb the rails as little as possible, meaning that the surface
and line should remain the same so that after old ties are removed
and new ties have been inserted, the track does not require re-
lining or new surfacing, such involves many men and machines and
is very expensive.
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i 20 The approach here is to remove the high wood down to
a level between the bottom of the rail and the bottom of the tie
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plate. This is done by a longitudinal wood-removing process which
1 has the advantage that the tie plates can be slipped out into the
- crib space at the same time. The cutting action involved does
; not have to be accurate or clean. Rather, the action might be
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more accurately described as a tearing or crunching process of
the high wood which has the advantage that resharpening is very
seldom necessary and the stones and ballast have no effect. The
; operation does not have to be a clean shave/ but rather is a tear-
ing step to the proper level. The method has the added advantage
that it is quite easy to remove the tie plates at the same timer
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~ which has always been difficult with other procedures.
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In fact, the presence of the tie plates ln the past has grea~ly
complicated the proced~re and raised the expense and difficulty
of getting the tie out in one piece~
In a sense~ the method involves gauging down from the
top of the rails to the space between ~he bottom of the rails
and the bottom of the tie plates. This distance is ixed and
may be set for any particular machine and can be quite accurately
held. It makes no difference how much or li~tle the tie is plate
cut. In a 6ubstantially plate cut tie, more wood will be removed
automatically. If the tie is not plate GUt very much, less wood
will be removed~ again automatically. The operator does not have
to check the condition of the tie and then make a judgment as to
how much wood to remove. Rather, the machine, once set, will do
it automatically. Further, the upper and lower limi~s of where
the wood removal must take place are well spaced and may amount
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. i to something on the order of three-quarters of an inoh, which
` gives the machine a little leeway. In short, the cut does not
have to be highly accurate.
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The method and apparatus does not lift the rails up~
~- ~ 20 so the surface is not disturbed. It does not apply a large side
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~ thrust to the rails, so the line is not spoiled. The tie plates
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can be ea~ily pushed into the arib space at the same time so no
extra step or complication is involved in getting the tie plates
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out. The cutting or crunching action is not affected by the
~ ~ grain of the wood so the wood removal is accurate and even rom
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~ ~: side to side .
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In this particular form shown, the wood cutting unit
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: also raises the chips to a certain level so that some sort of a
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-" wood-disposal unit may be inserted underneath which, when the jaws
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~- 30 open, catche~ the falling wood and moves it off to a point of
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disposal, rather than dropping or leaving it on the right of way.
Since the high wood is removed from the center and only
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$;~ one end of the tie, the other end may be grasped ~y the extractor
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arm at the same time ~ha~ the jaws are cutting through the high
w~od, rather than having to wait and perform these steps in . .
sequence. This materially speeds up $he machine. Precisely
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how and when ~he extrac~or arm drops ~he removed tie is not now
considered important.
`~ While a preferred form and several modifications have
been shown, it should be understood tha~ able additional
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modifications, changes, substitutions and alterations may be
made without departing from the invention's fundamental theme.
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