Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1~83378
This invention relates to a method for manufacturing
a hollow floor or ceiling section of a building. Floors
or ceilings manufactured by the invention are ormed
partly from prefabricated elements and partly from
S concrete cast on the site.
Hollow floors and ceilings for buildings normally
are` produced by utilizing long slabs and long beams. When
such slabs are being manufactured, hollow spaces extending
parallel to the span of the slab are provided at spaced
locations within the slab. In the case of beam construction,
an upper element is placed on an industrially prefabricated
U-section lower-slab beam element, whereby a hollow space
is ormed.
The invention provides a method of manufacturing
a hollow floor or ceiling section of a building which method
'~ comprises supporting in a floor or ceiling space to be
closed a pre-formed structural èlement such that the element
provides a support surface onto which a floor or ceiling
slab may be cast, casting the slab onto the element and
thereafter relocating the element in the space or
introducing a similar element into the space whereby the
relocated or introduced element is spaced from the
cast`slab such that the slab and element together provide :
a hollow floor or ceiling section.
According to a feature of the invention after
casting the slab, the element may be re-used to provide
the support surface for casting a similar slab in an
adjacent floor or ceiling space.
According to another feature of the invention
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1~83378
where the element is to be relocated in the space, the
element may be inverted after ~he casting process beore
subsequently being relocated.
According to a further feature of the invention
S the element may be supported prior to and after the
casting process on a pair of spaced structural beams
defining the space.
According to a still further feature of the invention
the support surface of the element may be covered with a
film of a suitable material prior to the casting process
to prevent the slab, when cast, from adhering to the
support surface of the element. -
The invention also provides, in a building, a floor
or ceiling when manufactured according to a method as defined
in any of the five immediately preceding paragraphs.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be
described, by way of example with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which: -
Figure 1 (A) shows a floor or ceiling section
prior to the casting process in which inverted T-section
beams support the elements which are small slabs cast
on a heat-insulation plate.
Figure 1 (B) shows the floor or ceiling section of
Figure 1 (A) a~ter casting of the slab with the element
relocated in the space between the beams.
Figure 2 (A) shows a floor or ceiling section prior
to the casting process similar to that mentioned above, but
in which the elements are TT-section slabs.
Figure 2 (B) shows the floor or ceiling section
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1083378
of Figure 2 (A) after casting o the slab with the
element relocated in the space between the beams.
Figure 3 ~A) shows a floor or ceiling section prior
to the casting process in which the elements are bolted to
T-section beams. ~
Figure 3 (B) shows the floor or ceiling section
of Figure 3 (B) after casting of the slab with the
element inverted and bolted to the beams.
Referring to the drawings, pre-formed structural
elements 1 are placed between beams 2 in a floor or
ceiling space to be closed. The elements 1 can be
supported on the beams, e.g., by means of wooden vertical
supports 3 (Figure lA), by means of horizontal beams 4 ;
(Figure 2A), by means of bolt fasten ng 5 (Figure 3A), or by
means of steel brackets 6 placed at the ends of the beams
(Figure lB). The elements 1 are covered with a film of
a plastics material or any other suitable film 7 to
prevent adhesion between the slab to be cast and the top
support surface of the element 1 which can be fastened at
its edges by means of a filling material 8 to be introduced
into the joint between the element 1 and the beam 2. The
upper slab 9 is reinforced and concreted onto the top face
of the element 1. After the concrete has hardened, the
elements 1 are lowered, the film 7 and the filling
material 8 are removed, and, if necessary, any slits at
the joints o the structural components are seamed. In
the embodiment in accordance with Figure 3, the elements 1
are inverted before being re-located in their final
positions.
In the embodiment in accordance with Figure 1, in
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- their final positions, the element 1 can be fastened
to the flanges of the beams 2 at its ends, in which case
the element functions as a tension bar when loaded. This
may be favourable in view of the reinforcement and in view
S of the dimensioning of holes required in the slab 9.
The embodiment in accordance with Figure 2 is particu-
larly suitable for use as a ceiling construction particu-
larly when refrigeration is required. The embodiments in
accordance with Figures 2 and 3 are well suitable as
intermediate-floor constructions and may include
components for purposes of heating the floor.
In the embodiments described, the elements 1 may also
be supported on the ground or on an intermediate floor a~ready
constructed underneath. In the case of embodiments in
lS which beams 2 are provided as in accordance with Figures 1
and 2 such a procedure may be justified, because the carrying
capacity of-the beam 2 is considerably higher and the bending
forces lower when it functions together with the slab 9 as
compared with its carrying capacity alone. The elements 1
can be used several times before they are retained in their
final position between the beams to act as support surfaces
for the casting process in an adjacent floor or ceiling space.
The elements may be made from concrete or some other
suitable material.
The advantages of the present invention are as follows:
As compared with the hollow section mentioned herein-
before the present hollow floor or ceiling section is
formed in two parts by means of which the construction work
- can be performed equally economically as when using a completely
prefabricated hollow section. Placing the beams on supports
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11~8:~3~71!3
~~ and placing the elements on the beams involve no further
labour than in the installa~ion of the above complete
structures on their supports, and the concre~ing of the
I upper slab is similar to the dressing required to be
¦ S performed on the completely prefabricated section. The r
¦ use of the elements as the support surface for the
casting of the upper slab reduced the work ko be performed
on the site and the reinforcement work is simple. As the
hollow structure is in two parts, light crane equipment is
adequate. The transportation costs are reduced as part
> o the structures, e.g. the elements to be lowered and
the concrete mix, can be manufactured near the building
site.
The section obtained by means of the method is suitable
for use when the hollow space is required for the purpose of
heating the floor, i.e. when hot air is blown into the
hollow spaces for heating the floor.
When used as a ceillng construction, the hollow space
must be ventilated so as to remove any moisture possibly
trapped therein. This drawback can be converted into an
advantage by placing an evaporator and blower of a re-
frigeration machine into the closed hollow space, whereby
radiation heat from the sun or any other heat kransferred
to the roof from the atmosphere can be recovered and used
~5 for heating the building. The construction is well
suitable for this purpose because heat insulation
may be placed underneath the section and is provided with
diffusion sealing and because the upper slab is unified
and connected to the beams without element joints.
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