Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~4~9
EFF I C IEN C~' H EATE R
BACKGROUND
In the past, sources of heating commodities, such as oil
and gas have been considered to be inexhaustible. Measures for
extracting the most possible energy units from the fuel being
consumed was not considered necessary, practical or desirable.
Waste was normal. With the rising costs of these commodities
and their availability and inexhaustibility becoming more and
more into question, the market has become crowded with home
heaters attempting to control waste, and to extract every
possible BTU from the fuel beinq consumed. For a multiplicity
of reasons, the efficiency sought has not been forthcoming.
Multiplicity of parts, difficult and complicated manufacturing
processes, difficulty in installation, inefficiency in
operation, frequent necessity for repair: these are some of
the difficulties experienced.
The object of the present invention is, therefore, to
provide a heater which overcomes these difficulties, to provide
one which is easily manufactured, easily installed because of
its integral nature and one which looks simple but which
operates with extremely high efficiency, obtaining all possible
energy units from the fuel used.
Complete combustion of fuel means less contamination of the
atmosphere.
SUMMARY
A tent or A-shaped fire box extends from the lower to the
upper limits of the heater, and functions as a combustion ~-
chamber. It is enclosed in a unit which is comprised of
concentric outer and inner jackets. The inner jacket is smaller
. ' ' ' . ' .
. . ..
. : ' , . . . . ' . ' .
in diameter, and terminates a distance from the base of the
outer jacket. It is an incomplete cyllnder having separated end
edges which are cut at an angle to the vertical to conform and
be attachable to the walls of the fire box. The inner jacket
forms a residual burning chamber with tlle outer j~cket. The
residual burning chamber cross section is narrow and relatively
high in vertical dimension. Maximum surface is thus presented
for heat transfer. The slanted fire box walls, extending as
they do the entire height of the heater, also present maximum
surface for heat transfer. Air entering the openings at the
base of the outer jacket is heated immediately by heat transfer
from the fire box walls and, as it travels upward, is further
heated by both the ~ire box walls and by the wall of the
residual burniny chamber. It will now be seen that maximum
utilization of all of the elements of heat transfer, i.e.
convection, conduction, and radiation, have been realized and
that the device is deceptively simple to install and use.
More particularly the invention pertains to a heater whicl
has a combustion chamber of tent-shaped configuration. A pair
of joined and slanted walls are on the combustion chamber which
extends the entire vertical height of the heater. An outer
jacket defines the outer configuration of the heater and the
entire surface of each of the slanted walls presents a medium of
heat exchange throughout their entire exterior surfaces.
Openings are located in the base area of the outer jacket to
provide ingress for clean air at the base edge of each of the
slanted walls. The base edges terminate at the lower limit of
the outer jacket and adjacent to the openings, thereby
presenting to clean air entering immediate heating and immediate
upward convection to heated air outlet means. Additional
11~4~9
heating surface means are provided for transmitting heat to
clean air, the additional heating surface means comprising an
inner jacket located inside the outer jacket in the upper area
of the heater and forming with the outer jacket a residual
burning chamber. Means are provided for sealing the interior of
the combustion chamber and the interior of the residual burnlng
chamber from clean air being heated. The sealing means illcludes
edges on the slanted walls, the edges having respective
configurations which, in cooperative sealed relationship with at
least a portion of the outer jacket and inner jacket, seal the
combustion chamber and residual chamber from clean air being
heated and further define conduit means for flow of gaseous
products of combus-tion from the combustion chamber through the
residual chamber to vent means associated with the residual
combustion chamber.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is an angular perspective view of the device.
Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section on the line A--A of
Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of the device taken on the
line B--B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a view of the tent or A-shaped member which
constitutes the fire box side walls.
: .
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring more in detail to the drawings, the heating unit
is designated by the numeral 10 and is comprised of three
essential elements: an outer jacket 12, an inner jacket 14 and
a tent or A-shaped fire box or combustion chamber 16.
.
The outer jacket 12 defines the
~3~,0 spacial limits of the heater except
' ~ .
?4~9
for an access door 13. The inner jacket 14 is an incomplete
cylinder, having separated end edges 15 and 15' which are cut
at an angle to the vertical to conform to the slanted walls of
the fire box or combustion chamber 16 to which they are attached
as will later be described.
In the preferred embodiment, the jackets 12 and 14 are de-
scribed as cylindrical, and the fire box as A- or tent shaped.
The invention is not limited to these specific configurations,
but within the scope of the claims, may be of other designs suited
to various places of installation. For example, the jackets 12
and 14 may be rectangular.
These three elements, the outer and inner jackets 12 and 14
and the tent or A-shaped fire box 16 are secured together to form
an integral unit 10, movable and installable as a unit. Three
separate interior areas or chambers are formed, a combustion cham-
ber 16, a residual burning chamber 18 and a pair of clean air
passageways 20 and 21. The upper and lower ends, 17 and 19 re-
spectively, close the toroidal residual burning chamber 18.
The manner in which these elements are assembled and attach-
ed to each other is unique to the invention and an essential partof it~ A heater is produced that is deceptively simple to install
and operate, and yet produces heat with extremely high efficiency.
Because of the manner later described of attachment of the
walls of the fire box to inner and outer jackets, the base edges
22 and 24 coincide with the openings 26 and 28, so that air
entering these openings is immediately heated, and immediately
convected upward.
All attachments to be described are attachments that afford
air tight seals to insure complete separation of combustion gases
and the medium being heated r which in this specific instance is
alr .
1~4~9~9
For purposes of this description, the edges of the slanted
walls 30 and 30' of the fire box will be designated first edge,
second edge, third edge and fourth edge reading
counterclockwise. The first edge 34 is integral throughout its
length and is secured throughout its len~th to the interior
surface of the outer jacket 12. See 35 in Fig. 3. The upper
portion of the second edge is cut away to form a shoulder 36, an
upper segment 38 and a lower segment 40. The upper segment 3~
is secured to one of the separated edges of the inner jacket 14.
See 37 in Fig. 3. The lower segment 40 is secured to the inner
surface of the outer jacket 12. The second separated edge of
the partial cylinder or inner jacket 14 is secured to an outer
face of the fire box wall 30 as shown at 31 in Figure 3. The
angle to the vertical of each of the segments described is
designed to meet and be secured to the walls o inner jacket 14,
and outer jacket 12. The curve of the inner jacket may be
modified so that the width of the upper end element is widened
to accommodate a final vent 49.
The upper portions of the third and fourth edges have been
cut away to form shoulders 48 and 48', upper segments 50 and 50'
and lower segments 52 and 52'. The upper segments 50 and 50'
are secured to the inner jacket 14 (see 53 and 53' in Fig. 3).
The last named lower segments 52 and 52' are secured to the
inner surface of the outer jacket. The inner jacXet 14 rests on
and is supported by the shoulders 36, 48 and 48'. The manner of
attachment of the separated ends of the inner jacket to, first
the segment 38, and second to the outer surface of the fire box
at 31, provides commun~icatiQn between first box and residual
burning chamber. At the same time complete sealing of the clean
air passage from the burning materials is insured.
Materia]s used in manufacture may be cast iron, sheet steel
- or any other heat resistant material.
While the invention is shown and described in connection
- 5
~1~4449
with one form for illustrative, rather than restrictive
purposes~ it is obvious that changes and modifications may be
made by those skilled in the art without departing from the
scope and spirit of the invention as defined in the accompanying
claims:
1~
, ' .
.
' :
.-- ~
~ ~ 6
,
