Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
7~
This invention relates to an agricultural covering multilayer filmor sheet structure for maintaining a particular agricultural locus at temper-
atures suitable for the growth of plan-ts, especially crops; and -to a me-thod
for thermally insulating the agricultural locus using such a multilayer film
or sheet structure.
Various synthetic resin films or sheets (including foamed ones)
have been utilized heretofore as agricultural covering films or sheets, for
example in agricultural (the term is meant to include "horticultural") houses
and tunnel houses, or in mulching. The present invention pertains to a multi-
layer film or sheet structure especially suitable as such an agriculturalcovering film or sheet for thermally insulating an agricultural locus at tem-
peratures suitable for the growth of plants.
Examples of conventional covering materials for agricul-tural houses~
tunnel houses and the like are vinyl chloride resin films such as polyvinyl
chloride films and olefinic resin films such as films of polyethylene or an
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. The olefinic resin films are superior to
the vinyl chloride resin films in that they are chemically stable and their
light transmittance scarcely changes during a long-term use. The vinyl chlo-
ride films, in spite of various defects, gain widespread acceptance because
they have better thermal insulating properties than the olefinic resin films.
Nevertheless, their thermal insulating properties in cold climate is not en-
tirely satisfactory, and covering materials having better thermal insulating
properties have been desired.
The thermal insulating property of a covering film or sheet struc-
ture denotes its property of preventing a decrease in the inside temperature
of a large-sized agricultural house, tunnel house or the like covered with the
covering film or sheet, especially at night. The heat from the sunlight which
has been absorbed in the soil within -the house during the daytime is irradi-
a-ted at night as radiant rays from -the ground surface, thereby to maintain the
inside of the house at a higher tempera-ture than the temperature of the outer
-1- ~
.~
atmosphere. If the covering film or sheet structure has a high -transmittance
of radian-t rays from the surface of the ground within -the house, the radiant
rays dissipate out of the house, and the ground temperature within the hous-
ing decreases. Consequently, the inside temperature of the house cannot be
maintained at a higher temperature than the outer atmosphere. Accordingly,
the thermal insulating property of the covering film or sheet structure is
better when it reflects or absorbs radiant rays to a higher degree from the
ground surface at night.
In Japanese Patent Application ~o. 22468/76 (laid open on September
6, 1977) whose inventorship includes some of the coinventors of the present
application and which was laid open after the filing of a Japanese Patent Ap-
plication corresponding to the present application, -the inventors discloses
that a resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic
olefinic resin and 1 to 20 parts by weight of an acetal resin serves to im-
prove the thermal insulating property of a film or sheet prepared from it.
In the earlier application cited above, the thermal insulating
property of the film or sheet increases with increasing amount of the acetal
resin. However, its strength required of a covering material is reduced, and
particularly, its poor abrasion resistance leads to the breakage of the film
upon frictional contact with the framework of an agricultural house. It is
impossible therefore to add the acetal resin in an amount of more than 20
parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the olefinic resin. Thus, a cov-
ering film having satisfactory strength and thermal insulating properties is
di~ficult to prepare from such a resin composition.
The presen-t inventors have now found that the acetal resin can be
incorporated in an amount of up to about 40 par-ts by weight per 100 parts by
weight of the olefinic resin, and a covering multilayer film or sheet s-truc-
ture for agricultural application having improved -thermal insulating proper-
ties and a satisfactory s-trength can be prepared from such a resin composi-
tion.
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7~L6
It has also been found -that the multilayer film or sheet has im-
provea surface gloss and heat-sealability which cannot be achieved by the
prior art films or sheets.
It is an object of this invention therefore to provide a covering
multilayer film or sheet structure useful for agricultural purposes which has
improved thermal insulating properties, satisfactory strength, superior sur~
face gloss and superior heat-sealability.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method for main-
taining a particular agricultural locus at temperatures suitable for the
growth of plants, especially crops, by utilizing such a covering multilayer
film or sheet structure.
The above and other objects and advantages of this invention will
become apparent from the following description.
The covering multilayer film or sheet structure useful for agricul-
tural application consists essentially of (1) a film or sheet of a resin com-
position comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin selected
from the group consisting of olefinic resins and vinyl chloride resins and
(B) about 1 to about 40 parts by weight, preferably about 10 to about 30
parts by weight, of an acetal resin, and (2) a layer of the thermoplastic
resin (A) laminated to at least one surface of the film or sheet (1).
Examples of the thermoplastic olefinic resin (A) include homopoly-
mers or copolymers of ~-olefins and copolymers of u-olefins with other co-
monomers copolymerizable therewith. Specific examples are low-density poly-
ethylene, medium-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropyl-
ene, an ethylene/propylene copolymer, an ethylene/butylene copolymer and an
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. Chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated
polypropylene, an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylic
acid copolymer, and blends of these and aforesaid resins can also be used.
Among these, ethylene resins, especially low-density polyethylene and an
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, are preferred because they can a~ford films
-- 3 --
746
or sheets having better -transparency and suppleness than the o-ther thermo-
plastic olefinic resins at lower costs. The ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer
is especially preferred because it has superior thermal insulation and does
not easily permit the adhesion of water droplets. Conveniently, the co-
polymer has a vinyl acetate content of about 5 to about 20% by weight.
Polyvinyl chloride is a -typical example of the vinyl chloride resin
(A). Any film-forming vinyl chloride resin can be used in this invention.
Suitable acetal resins (B) are polyoxymethylene polymers or co-
polymers having polyoxymethylene ~mits of the formula`~HCO ~-. Examples are
polyformaldehyde (termed an acetal homopolymer) which is regarded as a polymer
of formaldehyde and an acetal copolymer resulting from the copolymerization of
ethylene oxide or dioxane with polyoxymethylene. The copolymers may be block
or graft copolymers which have a polyoxymethylene chain as the main chain or
side chain of the molecules and the remainder of the molecule comprising
ethylene, ethylene/vinyl acetate, ethylene/vinyl chloride, ethylene/vinyl
chloride/vinyl acetate, ethylene/acrylic acid, ethylene/acrylate ester, acryl-
ate ester, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, propylene, butadiene or vinyl
chloride.
Preferred acetal resins have a degree of polymerization of about
20 500 to about 3,500, especially about 2,000 to about 3,500. Especially pre-
ferred are those in which up to about 3% by weight, for example 1 to 3% by
weight, of a comonomer such as ethylene oxide is copolymerized in the poly-
oxymethylene molecules. If the degree of polymerization of the acetal resin
is below about 2,000, especially below about 500, its viscosity becomes low,
and uniform mixing of it with the thermoplastic resin (A) is difficult. On
the other hand, if the degree of polymerization is above 3,500, the melting
point of the acetal resin (B) becomes too high. Hence, the resulting resin
composition is difficult to shape, and the thermoplastic resin tA) is likely
to decompose during film or sheet formation. Inclusion of a comonomer such
30 as ethylene oxide is preferred because the acetal resin tB) becomes chemically
~ ,
and thermally stable. Especially preferred acetal resins are -those having
terminal carboxyl groups.
According to one preferred embodiment of this invention, there is
provided a covering multilayer film or sheet structure for agricultural ap-
plication which consis-ts essentially of (1) a film or sheet of a resin com-
position comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic resin selected
from the group consisting of ethylene resins, especially low-density poly-
ethylene, an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer or a mixture thereo-~, and vinyl
chloride resins and (B) about 1 to about 40 parts by weight of a polyoxymethyl-
ene polymer or copolymer preferably containing up to about 3% by weight of a
comonomer, and (2) a layer of the thermoplastic resin (A) laminated to at
least one surface of the film or sheet (1).
When an olefinic resin is used as the resin (A) in the resin com-
position of this invention composed of the resins (A) and (B), the resin (A)
to be laminated is preferably the same or different olefinic resin. When a
vinyl chloride resin is selected as the resin (A) in -the composition, the
resin (A) to be laminated is preferably the same or different vinyl chloride
resin.
In the multilayer film or sheet structure of this invention, the
resin composition of (A) and (B) and the resin layer (A) to be laminated to
a film or sheet of the aforesaid resin composition may con-tain various addi-
tives.
When an olefinic resin is selected as the resin (A), examples of
the additives are surface-active agents for imparting the property of flowing
down the dew formed on the inside surface of an aOE icultural house, such as
pentaerythritol fatty acid esters; ultraviolet absorbers for increasing
weatherability, such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole; and
antioxidants for inhibiting thermal degradation by outdoor exposure, such as
butylated hydroxytoluene.
The amounts o~ these additives are optionally determined, but
generally are about 0.2 to about 2.0% by weight for the surface-active agents;
about 0.05 to about 0.5% by weight for the ultraviolet absorbers; and about
0.01 to about 0.1% by weight for the antioxidants, all based on the weight of
the resin (A).
When a vinyl chloride resin is selected as the resin (A), examples
of suitable additives are plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate or dibutyl
phthalate; heat stabilizers such as barium stearate and di-n-octyl tin com-
poundsj ultraviolet absorbers such as 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone or
2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole; lubricants such as stearic acid
and palmitic acidj and surface-active agents such as a stearic acid ester of
pentaerythritol.
The amounts of these additives can be properly chosen. For ex-
ample, the amounts are about 2 to about 50 parts for the plasticizers (in
particular, about 2 to about 5 parts by weight in the case of a hard vinyl
chloride resin, and about 30 to about 50 parts by weight in the case of a
soft vinyl chloride resin) per 100 parts by weight of -the vinyl chloride
resinj about 1.0 to about 3.0% by weight for the hea-t stabilizer based on the
weight of the resin (A)j about 0.05 to about 0.5% by weight for the ultra-
violet absorbers based on the weight of the resin (A)j about 0.5 to about
2.0% by weight for the lubricants based on the weight of the resin (A)j and
about 0.5 to about 2.0~ by weight for the surface-active agents based on the
weight of the resin (A).
The content of the resin (B) in the composition of (A) and (B) is
optionally determined according to the use of the agricul-tural covering
structure. It is added in an amount of at least 1 part by weight per 100
parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin (A). If the amount is less than 1
part by weight, the effect of thermal insulation of the covering material is
not satisfac-tory. ~ith increasing amount of the acetal resin (B), the ther-
mal insulating properties of the resulting covering material increase. But if
it exceeds 40 parts by weight, the resulting multilayer film or sheet
-- 6 --
structure becomes hard and brittle, lacks suppleness and also has reduced
strength properties such as abrasion resistance. Moreover, such a multilayer
film or sheet structure has reduced transparency. Accordingly, when the re-
sulting film or sheet s-tructure is intended for use as an outer covering of
an agricultural house, the amount of the acetal resin (B) is preferably l to
40 parts by weight, especially lO to 30 parts by weight, per lO0 parts by
weight of the thermoplastic resin (A). When the amount of the acetal resin
(B) is larger, a thinner but thermally insulating covering material for agri-
culture can be obtained.
When the final multilayer film or sheet structure is intended for
uses which require thermal insulation but do not strictly require strength
and transparency, for example, as a covering material for tunnel houses with-
in an agricultural house, a heat insulating covering material for covering
agricultural houses or tunnel houses only at night, or a mulching material
or covering material for growing rice plant seedlings, the amount of the
acetal resin (B) is at least 20 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 40 parts by
weight, per lO0 parts by weight of the resin (A).
The layer (l) of the composition comprising the resins (A) and (B)
may be discontinuous, for exa~ple in the form of discontinuous patterns such
as fringes or lattices. When the layer (l) of the composition is discontinu-
ous, the transparency of the resin (A) layer is secured, and the multilayer
film or sheet structure as a whole is pliable. Thus, even when the amount of
the acetal resin (B) is about 40 parts by weight, the resulting film or sheet
structure can be used as an outer covering of agricultural houses.
In the covering multilayer film or sheet structure of the present
invention, the resin (A) layer (2) to be laminated to the film or sheet (l) of
the composition comprising the resins (A) and (B) is provided on one or both
surfaces of the film or sheet (l). In an especially preferred embodiment, the
resin (A) layer (2) is formed on both surfaces. In this embodiment, it is
possible to use an ethy]ene/vinyl ace-tate copolymer having a high vinyl
-- 7 --
'~.
acetate content as the thermoplastic resin in the interlayer. This copolymer
cannot be used as a surface layer because of its adhesiveness, but has good
compatibility with the acetal resin. Moreover, characteristics required o~
agricultural covering materials can be easily imparted to such a three-layer
film or sheet structure. For example, a surface-active agent for preventing
the condensation of water droplets may be incorporated in that layer of the
film or sheet structure which is to be the innermost layer of an agricultural
house covering. Or a light absorber may be incorporated in the outermost
layer to impart weatherability.
The covering multilayer film or sheet structure of this invention
can be prepared by various methods, for example by separately forming the
film or sheet (1) of the composition comprising the thermoplastic resin (A)
and the acetal resin (B) and the resin (A) layer (2) by an extrusion molding
method (e.g., inflation, or T-die method) or a calender method and then con-
solidating them into a laminate film or sheet by a dry laminate method or a
heat laminate method; or by extrusion-laminating one layer onto the other; or
by forming a laminate ~ilm in a single step by a multilayer extrusion method.
The m~tilayer extrusion method is preferred since the film formation is easy
and a film having superior adhesion strength and transparency can be obtained.
The thickness of the film or sheet (1) of the resin composition is
determined properly according, for example, to the thermal insulating property
required of the final covering structure and the content of the acetal resin
(B). Smaller thicknesses of the film or sheet (1) of the resin composition
are economically more advantageous if its strength and transparency are not
impaired. Preferably, the content of the acetal resin (B) should be increased
as much as possible. When the content of the acetal resin (B) is as large as
20 to 30 parts by weight, the thickness is usually about 0.02 to 0.05 mm. The
base resin layer (2) should have a sufficient thickness that can impart suf-
ficient strength as a covering material to the layer (1) of the resin com-
position comprising the resins (A) and (B). When the content of the acetal
.
~.
`06~
resin (B) is relatively small, the thickness may be very small. On -the other
hand, when the acetal resin content is as high as 20 to 30 parts by weight,
the thickness may be about -the same as that of the film or sheet (1) of the
resin composition comprising resins (A) and (B).
Each of -the layers of the film or sheet structure may be a foamed
sheet layer with a thickness of about 1 -to 3 mm. Specifically, at least one
of the film or sheet (1) of the resin composition comprising the resin (A)
and (B) and the resin (A) layer (2) may be in the foamed state. ~he multi-
layer film or sheet structure containing a foamed layer is used as a thermal
insulating covering material which does not require a high degree of light
transmission.
A foamed film or sheet may be prepared, for example, by a method
which comprises melt-kneading resin (A) with a heat-decomposable blowing
agent such as an azo-type chemical blowing agent at a temperature at which
the blowing agent does not decompose, extruding the mix-ture to form pellets,
feeding the pellets and resin (B) into an extruder, and melt-extruding the
mixture at a temperature at which the blowing agent decomposes, thereby to
form a foamed film or sheet; or a method which comprises mixing resins (A)
and (B), ~eeding the mixture into an extruder, continuously forcing a lique-
fied gas such as butane at a fixed rate into the extruder through an openingin it during the melt-extruding step, and further kneading and extruding the
mixture. The base resin (A) layer (2) is laminated to the resulting foamed
film or sheet, or is extrusion-laminated during the foaming-extruding step,
thereby to form the foamed film or sheet structure of the invention. A method
is also available which involves preparing a foamed film or sheet of the
thermoplastic resin (A) not containing the acetal resin (B), and laminating a
layer of the thermoplastic resin containing the acetal resin (B) to the -~oam-
ed film or sheet.
According to this invention, there is provided a method for main-
taining an agricultural locus at -temperatures suitable for the growth of
_ g _
'
.:
plants, which comprises covering the locus with a covering multilayer film or
sheet structure consisting essentially of (1) a film or sheet of a resin com-
position comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin and
(B) about 1 to about 40 parts by weight of the acetal resin, and (2) a layer
of the thermoplastic resin (A) laminated to at least one surface of the film
or sheet (2).
The agricultural locus, as referred to in the present application,
is a locus where plants are being grown or will be grown. It should be
understood that this locus includes the one where the terrestrial portion of
a plant does not appear but its bulbs, roots or seeds are present.
The following Examples illustrate the present invention.
Example 1
A mixture (X) consisting of 100 parts by weight of low-density
polyethylene (Yukalon YE-30, a trademark for a product of Mitsubishi Petro-
chemical Co., Ltd.; MI=l.0) and 21~ parts by weight of polyacetal (Duracon M-
270, a trademark for a product of Polyplastics Co., Ltd., MI=27) was fed into
one extruder of a two-layer inflation extrusion apparatus. A mixture (Y) con-
sisting of 100 parts by weight of the same low-density polyethylene as de-
scribed above and 1 part by weight of pentaerythritol monostearate as a sur-
face-active agent was fed into the other extruder. These mixtures were knead-
ed at 200 to 210 C, and formed into a two-layer film with a thickness of 0.1
mm. The ratio of the thickness of the layer composed of mixture (X) to that
of the layer composed of mixture (Y) was adjusted to about 1:1. The resulting
film had much the same transparency as a film of the low-density polyethylene
alone, and had sufficient strength and suppleness as a covering film.
Example 2
A mixture (Xl) consisting of 100 parts by weight of an ethylene/
vinyl acetate copolymer (Evaflex V-501, a trademark for a product of Mitsui
Polychemical Co., Ltd.j MI=1.5, vinyl ace-tate content 14.5%) and 28 parts by
weight of the same polyacetal as used in Example 1 and a mixture (Yl) consist-
-- 10 --
~ .
ing of 100 parts by weight of the same ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer and1 part by weight of the same surface-active agent as used in Example 1 were
processed in the same way as in Example 1 to afford a two-layer film having a
thickness of 0.05 mm with the ratio of thicknesses of the both layers being
1:1. The film obtained had much the same transparency as a film of the
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer alone, and had sufficient strength and sup-
pleness as a covering film.
Example 3
The same ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer as used in Example 2(Y2),
a mixture (X2) of 100 parts by weight of this copolymer and 30 parts by weight
of the same polyacetal as used in Example 1, and a mixture (Y3) of 100 parts
by weight of the above copolymer and 1.5 parts by weight of the same surface-
active agent as used in Example 1 were fed into a three-layer inflation ex-
trusion apparatus including three extruders in such a manner that the mix-
ture(X2) would form an interlayer of the final product. These mixtures were
kneaded at 200 to 210 C and formed into a three-layer film having a thickness
of 0.1 mm with the ratio of the thicknesses of the three layers being 1:1:1.
The film had much the same transparency as a film of the ethylene/vinyl ace-
tate copolymer alone, and had sufficient strength and suppleness as a cover-
ing film.
Example 4
A mixture (Y4) consisting of 100 parts by weight of an ethylene/
vinyl acetate copolymer (Evaflex P-0803, a trademark for a product of Mitsui
Polychemical Co., Ltd.; Ml=1.7, vinyl acetate content 8%) and 0.5 part by
weight of hydroxybenzophenone as a light absorber, a mixture (Y5) consisting
of 100 parts by weight of the same ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer and 0.5
part by weight of the same surface-active agent as used in Example 1, and a
mixture (X3) consisting of 100 parts by weight of an ethylene/vinyl acetate
copolymer (Evaflex 1~60, a trademark for a product of Mitsui Polychemical Co.,
Ltd.; Ml=2.5, vinyl acetate content 19%) and 16 parts by weight of the same
-- 11 --
, ~
-
polyacetal as used in Example 1 were processed in the same way as in Example
3 to form a three-layer film having a thickness of 0.1 mm and containing the
mixture (X3) as an interlayer with the ratio of the thicknesses of the three
layers being 1:2:1. The resulting film was pliable and had good transparency
and superior abrasion resistance. When it was used as a covering material
with the layer composed of the mixture (Y~) facing ou-twardly of an agricul-
tural house, it showed good weatherability. Moreover, the inside layer of
the film did not permit adhesion of water droplets. The film could be heat-
sealed in a connecting operation.
Agricultural houses were built by using the films ob-tained in Ex-
amples 1 to 4 as covering materials. The air temperature and the temperature
of the ground (measured at a position 5 cm below the ground surface) within
each house were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
For comparison, similar agricultural houses were built by using a
polyethylene film having a thickness of 0.1 mm (Comparative Example 1), a 0.1
mm-thick film of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (Comparative Example 2),
a 0.1 mm thick polyvinyl chloride film (Comparative Example 3), a 0.1 mm
thick film prepared by mixing the same low-density polyethylene, polyacetal
and surface-active agent as used in Example 1 in a weight ratio o~ 100:12:0.5
(the amount of the polyacetal was the same as in Example 1) and extruding
molding the mixture (Comparative Example 4), and a 0.1 mm thick film prepared
by mixing the same ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacetal and surface-
active agent as used in Example 2 (the amount of the polyacetal was the same
as in Example 2) in a weigh-t ratio of 100:7:0.5 and extrusion-molding the
mixture (Comparative Example 5), which were covering films known heretofore.
The air temperatures and the ground temperatures within the houses were meas-
ured in the same way, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- 12 -
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o
O ~ ~ ~ 1 0 ~ 1
~o o
~ o ~ ~ o o ~ co u~ ~o o ~l o
~ +~ ~(r~ N (~J ~ (Y~ t~
O .
_ 'C~
S~ ~a)
~ ~ ~ a~ ! ~ o
~1 ~ ~ ~ ,~
E~ S~ O
~ o
E~ ~ ~ C~l O ~O CO O ~ O C~l O
~d c~i c~ ,i ,i ~ C`J , C~J ,
. _ _ .
~qO~ ~ o C~
~ ~ ~ U~ ~ ~ o Lr\ ~ o~ U~
~ CO
E~
- ...... ___
C~
(1)
-' ' " ~ -
The above temperatures were measured at Minakuchi~ Shiga Prefec-
ture, Japan in February 1977. A-t 6:oo a.m. on -the day of measurement, the
atmospheric temperature was -5.0 C and the ground temperature was -1.0 C.
The transmittance of infrared rays in Table 1 was that of infrared
rays having a wavelength of 9 to 11 microns. The mechanism of -thermal insul-
ation of the agricultural houses a-t night is that the covering film reflects
and absorbs radiant rays from the soil within the house and thus prevents the
radiant rays from dissipating out of the house. The radiant rays from the
ground surface have a wavelength in the range of 5 to 20 microns, and their
radiant energy becomes maximum at a wavelength of 9 to 11 microns. Hence,
the thermal insulation of the covering film is better when the transmittance
of radiant rays within this wavelength region is lower.
The results in Table 1 show that when the covering material of this
invention is used, the air temperature and ground temperature within the
house are higher than in the case of using the conven-tional olefinic resin
films (Comparative Examples 1 and 2). In particular, a comparison of it with
the low-density polyethylene film (Comparative Example 1) shows that the air
temperature within the house covered by the present invention was o.8 - 1.8 C
higher between 1:00 a.m. and 6 00 a.m. This indicates the superior thermal
insulation of the covering film or sheet structurè of the present invention.
Although the differences in the temperature of the inside of the house accord-
ing to the differences in the type of the covering film are slight, the tem-
perature at dawn is higher even slightly, the difference in temperature in a
given day increases greatly. Thus, the difference becomes great in the inte-
grated temperature (the average temperature of one day multiplied by the num-
ber of days) in the co~rse of growth crops, and greatly affects the amount and
time of harvest of crops.
A comparison of Example 2 with Comparative Example 5 shows that the
-thickness of the film in Example 2 is 0.05 mm and the thickness of the film
of Comparative Example 5 was 0.1 mm, but the air temperature and the ground
-- 1~ --
~6~
temperature within the house are much the same for both, and thus no appre-
ciable difference is seen in thermal insulating properties. It is seen
therefore that a thicker film having superior -thermal insulating properties
can be obtained by the present invention.
Furthermore, the covering films of these Examples had mvch the same
transparency and suppleness as the olefinic resin film, and the surface of
the resin (A) layer (1) had the same gloss and heat-sealability as the con-
ventional films. The film or sheet structure of the invention further had
better handleability and appearance than a film consisting of a single layer
of a composition of an olefinic resin and an acetal resin (Comparative Ex-
amples 4 and 5).
Example 5
Polyvinyl chloride (the degree
of polymerization 1000) 100 parts by weight
Dioctyl phthalate 45 "
Calcium stearate 0.5
Zinc stearate 0.5 "
Epoxidized soybean oil 1.0 "
Surface-active agent 2.0 "
A mixture (Y5) of the above formulation and a mixture (X4) obtained
by adding 9 parts by weight of polyacetal (Duracon M-25-01, a trademark for a
product of Polyplastics Co., Ltd.; MI=2.5) to the mixture (Y5) were fed into
separate extruders, and extruded from a two-layer T-die to make a laminate
film having a thickness of 0.1 mm with the ratio of the thicknesses of the
two layers being 1:1. The laminate film had a transmit-tance of infrared rays
with a wavelength of 9 to 11 microns of 1.4%, which was lower than those of
the films obtained in the foregoing Examples and Comparative Examples. The
film obtained by this Example had sufficien-t strength and good surface gloss
and heat-sealability.
674~;
Example 6
A laminate f~lm having a thickness of 0.1 mm with the ra-tio of the
thicknesses of the two layers being 1:1 was prepared by operating in the same
way as in Example 2 except that the amount of the polyacetal blended was in-
creased to 38 parts by weight. The film was white and had a low light trans-
mittance. But because of its good thermal insulating property, i-t could be
used in applications which did not strictly require transparency and strength.
As described hereinabove, the agricultural covering material of this
invention results from the lamination of a thermoplastic resin base layer -to
at least one surface of a film or sheet of a resin composi-tion consisting of
a thermoplastic resin such as an olefinic resin or vinyl chloride resin and
an acetal resin. The inclusion of the acetal resin makes the resulting film
or sheet structure superior in thermal insulating properties. Since the
acetal resin-incorporated layer is reinforced with the base layer of the
thermoplastic resin, the proportion of the acetal resin to be incorporated
can be increased. The resulting covering material is thin and has superior
thermal insulating properties. Moreover, the lamination of the base layer
leads to the improvement of the surface gloss and heat-sealability of the
acetal resin-incorporated layer. Thus, the resulting covering film or sheet
structure has the same appearance than conventional covering materials and
can be handled in the same way as in the case of the conventional covering
materials.
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