Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
The present invention relates to control systems, and
more particularly to a control system for an installation
utilizing the pressure energy of outgoing blast-furnace gas,
which is intended for use mainly in ferrous metallurgy.
The installation is basically a gas turbine driving
an electric generator complete with necessary controls and oper-
ative devices incorporated therein, connected in parallel with
a throttle unit of a blast furnace, and also provided with
necessary power-driven valves and a special gas heater for
heating blast-furnace gas passing to said turbine.
With construction of new giant blast furnaces and
rising cost of electric power, need has arisen for utilization
of the abundant energy of pressure of outgoing blast-furnace
; gas by means of special installations using gas turbines.
Such installations are efficient in operation only
if fully auto~ated.
Otherwise, round-the-clock attendance of such an
installation should be carried on by special personnel which,
for the most part of their time, is used inefficiently. This
personnel must be highly skilled, having in mind responsibility
of their job involving the running of an installation using a
toxic and explosive gas, a coordinated operation thereof
with such a complex plant as a blast furnace, a continuous
process of utilization of blast-furnace gas, a complex adjust-
ment procedure when the blast furnace is temporarily changed
over to operation at lower pressure of gas therein and then
~7-
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back to normal operating conditions, and also the start-up and
shut-down of the installation. However, even highly skilled
personnel cannot completely exclude some faults, which may
have serious consequences.
Fully automatic control of the installation makes it
possible to ensure the correct performance thereof and the
required sequence of a great number of complex and interconn-
ected operations, and to exclude the need for additional per-
sonnel. Performance of the equipment as a whole is thereby ~- -
made substantially more-reliable which is very important for the
blast furnace equipped with a gas-utilizing installation.
The development of automatic control for a gas-
utilizing installation involves the solution of a number of
problems. It is, first of all, to ensure the correct sequence
of operations during start-up, shut-down and change-over from
one operating condition to another, and to exclude the formation
of explosive gas mixtures and some other faults which may
result in contamination of the atmosphere with toxic blast-
furnace gas.
There is known in the prior art a control system for
a gas-utilizing installation. Such a system is disclosed in
Japan Patent No 49-320~4, 23 March 1974. This system is
characterized in that an installation for utilizing blast-
furnace gas has a gas turbine placed in parallel with throttle
valves, and a valve controlling the delivery of gas to the
gas turbine is opened or closed by remote control depending
on the gas flow rate. The gas turbine load is determined by
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the extent of the control valve opening. The pressure of
gas under the blast furnace top is atuomatically adjusted
by a separate device for controlling the throttle valves.
When the quantity of the released gas drops because of
reduced load of the blast furnace, i.e. during a short-term
changeover of the blast furnace to operation at a reduced gas
pressure, a suitable pressure regulator develops a signal
which is used to close,the control valve at the inlet of the
turbine.
Under normal operating conditions, the flow rate of
blast-furnace gas exceeds the specified value, and the pressure
regulator produces a signal to fully open said control valve.
The pressure of gas under the blast furnace top is regulated
with the aid of the throttle valves. The shut-down of the
turbine causes automatic closure of an emergency shut-off
valve mounted at the inlet of the turbine, and instant
complete closure of the control valve. At the same time, the
throttle valves are instantly opened.
This system is not connected automatically with the
control system of the gas-utilizing installation, which makes
it necessary to have special personnel to run it. That also
does not exclude faults, which may cause serious damage to
the equipment and create hazards to the personnel by exposing
them to a toxic explosive furnace gas.
There is also known a control system for an installation
utilizing the energy of pressure of outgoing blast-furnace gas,
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comprising a control diaphragm gate and a closing diaphragm -~
gate, both mounted on a gas turbine which is placed in parallel
with a throttle unit of a blast furnace. The turbine is used
to rotate an electric generator provided with a power-driven
ventilator for its cooling. There is also provided an ~iling
system with an oil pump, for both the turbine and the generator
as well as a system for regulating rotational speed of the
turbine rotor with a rotor-speed selector, connected to said
control and closing diaphragm gates. The control system
also includes a device for converting input signals coming
from a regulator of gas pressure under the blast-furnace top,
which device is connected to the inputs of said rotor-speed
regulating system, a switch of said electric generator with
a set of signalling and interlocking contacts, used for con-
necting and disconnecting the generator to and from a power
- line, a device for synchronizing the rotor rotational frequency
and the power-line frequency, a first and second outputs
thereof being connected, respectively, to an output of said
electric generator and to an a.c. power line, and the first
output of the synchronizing device being also connected to
said switch of the generator. The control system further in-
cludes a first sensor responsive to gas temperature at the
inlet of the turbine placed in a furnace-gas conduit downstream
of a gas heater introduced in the installation and provided
with an ignitor means, said gas heater being connected with
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~r~ 3
an input of a temperature regulator for a furnace gas
passing to the turbine, a second sensor responsive to gas
temperature placed at the inlet of the gas turbine, valves
provided with electric drives therefor and placed in conduits
for the delivery and discharge of blast-furnace gas to and
from the gas-utilizing installation, in conduits for the
delivery of air and gaseous fuel to the gas heater, in a con-
duit for the delivery of inert gas to the installation, and
in a conduit for the discharge of the contaminated inert gas
from the installation (cf., for instance, the "Stal" magazine,
~o. 7, 1966, pp. 666-669).
This system provides for remote control of the valves
in the conduits of the installation and also of the auxil~ary
devices of the gas turbine and generator during their start-up
and shut-down operations. The control system includes automatic
regulation, interlocking, and protection from an accidental
drop of the furnace-gas pressure and an accidental rise of
furnace gas temperature in excess of the specified limit.
The system also provides for automatic shut-off of the air
delivered to the gas heater upon a drop in the furnace-gas
pressure.
The aforesaid system is not connected with a control
system of the installation used during start-up, shut-down
and changeover of the blast furnace to operation with reduced gas
pressure. During those transitional operating conditions the
~Y --6--
23
syste~ requires the attendance of the operator and does not
prevent a possible faulty sequence of operations, which may
result in the grave consequences described hereinbefore.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention
to provide fully automatic control for an installation utiliz-
ing the energy of pressure of outgoing blast-furnace gas.
In accordance with a specific embodiment of the
invention, a control system for an installation utilizing
the energy of pressure of outgoing blast-furnace gases
comprises: an electric gene ator with a power-driven ven-
tilator, a ga~ turbine having a rotor, used to rotate said
electric generator; an air-cooling system for said electric
generator; an oiling system for said gas turbine, having an
oil pump, the system being also used for oiling said electric
generator; a control diaphragm gate mounted on said gas tur-
bine; a closing diaphragm gate mounted on said gas turbine;
a throttle unit placed in parallel with said gas turbine;
a system for regulating rotational speed of said gas-turbine
rotor, said system being connected to said control and closing
diaphragm gates, a selector of rotational speed for said rotor,
the selector being part of said speed-regulating system; a
regulator of pressure of blast-furnace gas under the top of
the blast furnace; a device for converting input signals re-
ceived from said furnace-gas pressure regulator, said device
being conn~cted to said throttle unit and to said rotor-
speed regulating system; a switch for connecting and disconn-
ecting said electric generator to and from an a.c. power line,
said switch having a set of signalling and interlocking
contacts; a device for synchronizing the rotor rotational
frequency and the power line frequency, said synchronizing
device having a first input connected to an output o~ said
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electric generator, a second input connected to ~aid power line,
and a first output electrically connected to said switch of
said electric generator; a conduit for the delivery of blast-
furnace gas to said gas turbine; a gas heater mounted on said
conduit for the delivery of blast-furnace gas to said gas
turbine, said gas heater being provided with an ignitor; a
regulator of temperature of the blast-furnace gas delivered
to said gas turbine, first sensor responsive to temperature of
blast-furna^e gas ahead of said gas turbine, said sensor
being located on said conduit for the delivery of blast-fur-
nace gas to said gas turbine downstream of said gas heater and
connected to the input of said furnace-gas temperature re-
gulator, a second sensor responsive to temperature of blast
furnace gas ahead of said gas turbine: a first valve, mounted
in said conduit for the delivery of blast-furnace gas to the
installation; an electric drive for said first valve, a
conduit for the discharge of blast-furnace gas from said
installation: a second valve, mounted on sa.id conduit for the
discharge of blast-furnace gas from the installation; an
electric drive for said second valve; a conduit for the del-
ivery of air to said gas heater- a third valve, mounted in a
conduit for the delivery of air to said gas heater: an elec-
tric drive for said third valve, a conduit for the delivery of
gaseous fuel to the ignitor of said gas heater; a fourth
valve mounted in said con*~it for the delivery of gaseous fuel
to the ignitor of said gas heater; an electric drive for
said fourth valve, a conduit for the delivery of inert gas to
said installation, a fifth valve, mounted in said conduit for
the delivery of inert gas to the installation, an electric
drive for said fifth valve; a conduit for the discharge of
the contaminated inert gas from said installation, a sixth
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valve, mounted in said conduit for the discharge of the con-
taminated inert gas from the installation an electric drive
for said sixth valve: a conduit for the delivery of air to
said ignitor of said gas heater, a seventh valve, mounted in
said conduit for the delivery of air to said ignitor, an
electric drive for said seventh valve; a control unit for
checking the installation for start-up readiness, having a
number of inputs and outputs, a sensor responsive to position
of said third valve, producing a signal indicative of its being
closed, which sensor is connected to a first of said inputs
of said readiness control unit- a sensor responsive to position
of said seventh valve, producing a signal indicative of its
being closed, which sensor is connected to a second of said
inputs of said readiness control unit; a sensor responsive to
position of said fourth valve, producing a signal indicative
of its being closed, which sensor is connected to a third of
said inputs of said readiness control unit; a sensor responsive
to air pressure ahead of said third valve, producing a signal
indicative of the air pressure being within its operative
limits, which sensor is connected to a fourth of said inputs
of said readiness control unit; a sensor responsive to air
pressure ahead of said seventh valve, producing a signal in-
dicative of the air pressure being within its operative limits,
which sensor is connected to a fifth of said inputs of said
readiness control unit, a sensor responsive to gaseous-fuel
pressure ahead of said fourth valve, producing a signal indic-
ative of the gaseous-fuel pressure being within its operative
limits, which sensor is connected to a sixth of said inputs of
said readiness control unit; a sensor responsive to oil level
in the oiling system of said gas turbine, producing a signal
indicative of the oil level being within its operative limits,
.,
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said sensor being connected to a seventh of said inputs of
said readiness control unit, a sensor responsive to position
of said closing diaphragm gate, prodlcing a signal indicative
of its closure, which sensor is connected to an eighth of
said inputs of said readiness control unit: a sensor res-
ponsive to position of said control diaphragm gate, producing
a signal indicative of its closure, which sensor is connected
to a ninth of said inputs of said readiness control unit:
a sensor responsive to position of said rotor-speed selector,
producing a signal indicative of its initial position, which
sensor is connected to a tenth of said inputs of said readiness
control unit; a sensor responsive to position of said device
: for converting input signals received from said regulator of
gas pressure under the blast-furnace top, producing a signal
indicative of said converting device being in its initial
position, which sensor is connected to an eleventh of said
.~ inputs of said readiness control unit, a start-up control
unit having a number of inputs and outputs, a first input of
said start-up unit being connected to a first output of said
readiness control unit, a sensor responsive to oil pressure
in said oiling system of said gas turbine, producing a signal
indicative of the oil pressure being within its operative
limits, which sensor is connected to a second of said inputs
of sald start-up control unit; a sensor responsive to position
of said first valve, producing a signal indicative of its open-
ed position, which sensor is connected to a third of said in-
puts of said start-up control unit, a sensor responsive to
position of said first valve, producing a signal indicative of
its closed position, which sensor is connected to a fourth
of said inputs of said start-up control unit, a sensor
responsive to air pressure in said cooling system of the
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:~ . . ,
electric generator, producing a signal indicative of the air
pressure being of a specified value, which sensor is conn-
ected to a fifth of said inputs of said start-up control unit,
a sensor responsive to rotational speed of the rotor, pro-
ducing a signal indicative of the rotor rotational frequency
reaching a value roughly equal to the electric~generator
synchronizing frequency, which sensor is connected to a sixth
of said inputs of said start-up control unit, a first of
said outputs of said start-up control unit being electrically
~0 connected to said oil pump; a second of said outputs of said
start-up control unit being electrically connected to said
electric drive of said first valve: a third of said outputs of
said start-up control unit being electrically connected to said
power-driven ventilator~ a fourth of said outputs of said start-
up control unit being electrically connected to said rotor-
speed selector: a fifth of said outputs of said start-up control
unit being electrically connected to a third input of said
synchronizing de~vice, a control unit for synchronizing the
electric-generator Erequency and the power-line frequency,
said unit having a number of inputs and outputs; a first of
said inputs of said synchronizing control unit being connected
with a sixth of said outputs of said start-up control unit,
a second of said inputs of said synchronizing control unit
being connected with said first signalling and interloc~ing
contact of said switch for said electric generator, which con-
tact emits a signal indicative of the electric generator being
connected to the power line, a sensor responsive to position of
said rotor-speed selector, producing a signal indicative of
the selector being shifted to its extreme position for increased
rotor speed, which sensor is connected to a third of said in-
puts of said synchronizing control unit, a sensor responsive
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23
to rotational speed of the rotor, producing a signal indicative
of the minimum rctor speed at which the elec~ric-generator
f~^~uency can be shychroni7~ed with the power line frequency,
which sensor is connected to a fourth of said inputs of said
synchronizing control unit; a first of said outputs of said
synchronizing control unit being connected to said rotor-
speed selector to increase rotational speed of the rotor of
said ~as turbine, a second of said outputs of said synchron-
izing control unit being connected to said rotor-speed selector
to reduce rotational speed of the rotor of said gas turbine;
a control unit for increasing load of the gas turbine, said
unit having a number of inputs and outputs; a first of said
inputs of said load-increase control unit being connected with
a third of said outputs of said synchronizing
control unit, a sensor responsive to the flow rate of furnace
. gas, producing a signal indicative of the maximum rate of gas
: flow through said gas turbine without operating the gas
heater, which sensor is connected to a second of said inputs
of said load-increase control unit, said sensor responsive to
position of said rotor-speed selector, producing a signal
indica~ive of the selector being shifted to its extreme
position for increased rotor speed, said sensor being connect-
ed to a third of said inputs of said load-increase control
unit; a first of said outputs of said load-increase control
unlt being connected to said -.-otor-speed selector, a control
unit for controlling the heating of blast-furnace gas, said
unit having a number of inputs and outputs; a first of said
inputs of said gas-heating control unit being connected to a
second of said outputs of said load-increase control unit,
a second of said inputs of said gas-heating control unit being
connected with a second of said outputs of said rea~iness
~s i~
- 12 -
control unit, a sensor responsive to the flow rate of furnace
gas, producing a signal indicative of the rate of gas flow
through said gas tur~ine reaching its value at which the gas
heater is actuated, which sensor is connected to a third
of said inp~ts of said gas-heating control unit, a sensor
responsive to temperature of gas at the outlet of said ig- :
nitor, producing a signal indica_ive of the gas temperature
exceeding :i.ts ignition point, which sensor is connected to a
fourth of said inputs of said gas-heating control unit; a
sensor responsive to position of said third valve, producing a
signal indicative of its opened position, which sensor is con-
nected to a fifth of said inputs of said gas-heating control
unit; a sensor responsive to the flow rate of furnase gas,
p -~ucing a signal indic~t;ve of the minimum rate of gas flow
through the gas turbine at which the delivery of air to the gas
heater is stopped, which sensor is connected to a sixth of said
inputs of said gas-heating control unit, said second sensor
responsive to the blast-furnace gas temperature shead of said
gas turbine, producing respective signals indicative of the min-
imum and rnaximum gas temperatures at which said gas heater is
shut down, said sensor being provided with two outputs conn-
ected respectively to a seventh and an eighth inputs of said
gas-heating control unit, a first of said outputs of said gas-
heating control unit being electrically connected to said
electric drive of said seventh valve for its opening; a second
of said outputs of said gas-heating control unit being elec-
trically connected to said electric drive of said fourth
valve for its opening; a third of -said outputs of said gas-
heating control unit being electrically connected to said
electric drive of said third valve for its opening, a fourth
of said outputs of said gas-heating control unit being
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electrically connected to said ignitor, a ~-ifth of said
outputs of said gas-heating control unit being electrically
connected to said regulator of gas temperature ahead of said
gas turbine for switching it "on" and "off", a sixth of said
outputs of said gas-heating control unit being electrically
connected to said electric drive of said seven valve for its
closure, a seventh of said output of said gas-heating control
unit being electrically connected to said electric drive of
said ourth valve for its closure; an eighth of said outputs
of said gas-heating control unit being electrically connected
to said electric drive of said third valve for its closure; a
control unit for changing over the regulator of gas pressure
under the blast-furnace top, which is used to connect and dis-
connect an output of said regulator through said input-signal
converting device to an input of said rotor-speed regulating
system or to an input of said throttle unit of said blast fur-
nace said control unit having a number of inputs and outputs;
a first of said inputs of said changeover control unit being
connected with a ninth of said outputs of said gas-heating
control unit; second of sa;d inputs of said changeover control
unit being connected to a tenth of said outputs of said gas-
heating control unit, a third of said inputs of said change-
over control unit being connected with an eleventh of said
outputs of said gas-heating control unit, a fourth of said
inputs of said changeover control unit ~eing connected to said
sensor responsive to furnace-gas flow rate, which produces a
signal indicative of the maximum rate of gas flow through
said gas turbine with said gas heater being inoperative; a
sensor responsive to gas temperature ahead of said gas tur-
bine, producing a signal indicative of the minimal temperatureof the gas in said turbine at which said pressure regulator is
- 14 ~
23
connected to said input of said rotor-speed regulator, which
sensor is connected to a fifth of said inputs of said change-
over control unit, a first of said outputs of said change- ,
over control unit being electrically connected to said rotor-
speed selector, a second of said outputs of said changeover
control unit being electrically connected to said furnace-gas :~
pressure regulator for connection and disconnection thereof
through said input-signal converting device to the input of
said speed-regulating system, a third of said outputs of said
changeover control unit being electrically connected to said
output of said furnace-gas pressure regulator for connection
and disconnection thereof to the input of said throttle unit
of said blast furnace; a fourth of said outputs of said change-
over control unit being connected to the input of said speed-
regulating system through said input-signal converting device
for transmitting a signal to red~ce load of said gas turbine;
a shut-down control unit having a number of inputs and outputs;
a first of said inputs of said shut-down control unit being
connected with a seventh of said outputs of said start-up
control unit, said sensor responsive to position of said clos-
ing diaphragm gate, prod~cing a signal indicative of its closed
position and connected to a second of said inputs of said
shut-down control unit; a sensor responsive to rotational
speed of the rotor' producing a signal indicative of the max-
imum rotor speed, which sensor is connected -to a third of said
inputs of said shut-do~n control unit; a sensor responsive to
oil pressure in the oiling system, producing a signal indicative
of the oil pressure dropping to its minimal value, which sensor
is connected to a fourth of said inputs of said shut-down
.,~ ~,,. ,~ ..
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control unit, a sensor responsive to position of said first
valve, producing a signal indicative of its opening position,
which sensor is connected to a fifth of said inputs of said
shut-down control unit:
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Z~ ~
connected to a sixth of said inputs of said shut-down control
unit, a sensor responsive to the maximum temperature of bear-
ings of said gas turbine and said electric generator, which
sensor is connected -to a se~enth of said inputs of said shut-
down control unit, a sensor responsive to vibration of bearings
of said gas turbine and said electric generator, which sensor
is connected to an eighth of said inputs of said shut-down
control unit, a first of said outputs of said shut-down
: control unit being connected to a seventh of said inputs of
said start-up control unit; a second of said outputs of said : :
: shut-down control unit being connected to an eighth of said : :
inputs of said start-up control unit; a third of said outputs
of said shut-down control unit being electrically connected
to the input of said rotor-speed regulating system for rapid
opening and closure of said control and closing diaphrag~
gates, a fourth of said outputs of said shut-down control unit
being electrically connected to said rotor-speed selector
to transmit a signal thereto for its return to the initial
~; position: a fifth of said outputs of said shut-down control
20 unit being connected to a ninth of said inputs of said gas-
heating control unit' a sixth of said outputs of said shut-
down control unit being connected to a tenth of said inputs of
said ga~-heating control unit' a seventh of said outputs of
said shut-down control unit being connected to an eleventh
of said inputs of said gas-heating control unit, an eighth of
said outputs of said shut-down control unit being connected
to a sixth of said inputs of said synchronizing control unit, .
a ninth of said outputs of said shut-down control unit being
: electrically connected to said switch of said electric gen-
erator, a control unit for controlling the filling and
- emptying of the installation, said unit having a number of
_ 16 _
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inputs and outputs: a first of said inputs of said filling and
emptying control unit being connected with a tenth of said
inputs of said shut-down control unit; said sensor responsive
to position of said first valve, producing a signal indicative
of its closed position, said sensor being connected to a
second of said inputs of said filling and emptying control
unit a sensor responsive to position of said second valve,
producing a signal indicative of its closed position, which
sensor is connected to a third of said inputs of said filling
and emptying control unit; a sensor responsive to position of
said second valve, producing a signal indicative of its open-
ed position, which sensor is connected to a fourth of said
inputs of said filling and emptying control unit; a sensor
responsive to position of said fifth valve, prod~cing a signal
indicative of its being closed, which sensor is connected to
a fifth of said inputs of said filling and emptying control
unit a sensor responsive to position of said fifth valve,
producing a signal indicative of its opened position, which
sensor is connected to a sixth of said inputs of said filling
and emptying control unit; a sensor responsive to position of
said sixth valve, producing a signal indicative of its closed
position, which sensor i~ ~onnected to a seventh of said inputs
of said filling and emptying control unit; a sensor responsive
to position of said sixth valve, producing a signal indicative
of its opened position, which sensor is connected to an
eighth of said inputs of said filling and emptying control
unit; a first of said outputs of said filling and emptying
control unit being connected to a twelfth of said inputs of
said readiness control unit a second of said o~tputs of said
filling and emptying control unit being electrically connected
to said electric drive of said first valve for its closure a
.
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third of said outputs of said filling and emptying control
unit being electrically connected to said electric drive of
said second valve for its closure, a fourth of said outputs
of said filling and emptying control unit being electrically
connected to said electric drive of said fifth valve for its
closure, a fifth of said outputs of said filling and emptying
control unit being electrically connected to said electric
drive of said sixth valve for its closure, a sixth of said
outputs of said filling and emptying control unit being elec-
trically connected to said electric drive of said second valvefor its opening, a seventh of sa.id outputs of said filling and
emptying control unit being electrically connected to said
~ electric drive of said fifth valve for its opening: an eighth
: of said outputs of said filling and emptying control unit
; being electrically connected to said electric drive of said
sixth valve for its opening. ~ ;
-; It is expedient that said control unit for checking
the installation for start-up readiness should comprise a
relay operative for permitting the starting of the gas heater,
: 20 said relay having a feed circuit for a coil thereof, said cir-
cuit incorporating a number of contacts connected in series, -
namely, a make contact of the sensor responsive to position of
the vaIve in the conduit for the delivery of air to the gas
heater, which contact is closed upon closure of that valve, a
make contact of the sensor responsive to position of the valve
in the conduit for the delivery of air to the ignitor of the
:
gas heater, which contact is closed upon closure of that valve,
a make contact of the sensor responsive to position of the
valve in the conduit for the delivery of gaseous fuel to the
ignitor of the gas heater, which contact is closed upon
' :~
~ closure of that valve~ a make contact of the sensor res-
: .
- 18 -
,,, p~
ponsive to air pressure ahead of the valve in the conduit for
the delivery of air to the gas heater, which contact is closed
while the air pressure is within its specified operative
limits, a make contact of the sensor responsive to air pressure
ahead of the valve in the conduit for the delivery of air to
the ignitor of the gas heater, which contact is closed while
the air pressure is within its specified operative limits,
and a make contact of the sensor responsive to gaseous-fuel
pressure ahead of the valve in the conduit for the delivery
of gaseous fuel to the ignitor of the gas heater, which contact
is closed while the gaseous-fuel pressure is within its
specified operative limits, a ~ake contact of said relay for
permitting the starting of the gas heater forming the second
output of said readiness control unit, and also a relay oper-
ative for permitting the start-up of the installation, said
relay having a feed circuit for a coil thereof, said circl~it
incorporating a number of contacts connected in series, namely,
a make contact of the sensor responsive to oil level in tne
oiling system, which contact is closed while the oil level
is within its specified operative limit, a make contact of the
sensor responsive to position of the closing diaphra3m gate,
which contact is closed upon closure of this gate, a make
contact of the sensor responsive to position of the control
diaphragm gate, which contact is closed upon closure of this
gate, a make contact of the sensor responsive to position
of the rotor-speed selector, which contact is closed when
the selector is in its initial position, a make contact of
the sensor responsive to position of the device for con- r
~: verting input signals coming from the regulator of gas pressure
i ~:
under the blast-furnace top, which contact is closed when this
device is in its initial position, a make contact of the
X relay for permitting the starting of the gas heater, and a
,~ - 19 --
:. :,, . i , .: :~
make contact of an output relay of the filling and emptying
control unit, said contact being the first output of the
filling and emptying control unit, a make contact of said
relay for permitting the start-up of the installation forming
the first output of said readiness control unit.
It is preferable that said start-up control unit
should comprise a push-button switch "start", an automatic-
start rela-~, a relay for preparing the starting of the oil
pump, a time relay for stopping the oil pump, a relay for con-
trolling the oil pump, a relay for actuating the electric driveto open the valve in the conduit for the delivery of blast-
furnace gas to the installation, a relay for actuating the
power-driven ventilator, a relay for actuating the rotor-
speed selector, and a relay operative upon completion of the :
installation starting, a feed circuit for a coil of said autom- :~
atic-start relay including a make contact of said push-button
switch "start", a make contact of said relay for permitting
start-up connectèd in series with the preceding contact, a make
; contact of said automatic-start relay being connected in
parallel with the two conta-ts, and, connected in series with
all these contacts, a break contact of said starting completion
relay and a break contact forming the first output of the shut-.
down control unit, a feed circuit for a coil of said relay for
preparing the oil pump starting including a make contact
of the automatic-start relay, a make contact of said relay
. for preparing the oil pump starting connected in parallel with
:; the preceding contact, and a break contact of said time relay
for stopping the oil pump connected in series with these two
contacts, a make contact of the relay for preparing the oil
pump starting forming the seventh output of the start-up control
unit, a feed circuit for a coil of said time relay for stopping
,~
. ~
- 20 -
~p~z~ :~
the oil pump including a make contact of the sensor responsive
to position of the valve in the conduit for the delivery of
blast-furnace gas to the installation, which contact is closed
upon closure of that valve, an~ a make contact forming the
second output of the shut-down control unit, a feed circuit
for a coil of said relay for controlling the oil pump including
a make contact of the relay for preparing the oil pump starting
and a break contact of the sensor responsive to rotational speed
of the rotor, which contact is opened when the rotor rotational
frequency reaches a value roughly equal to that of the syn-
chronizing frequency of the electric generator, both contacts
being connected in series, a make contact of the relay for
controlling the oil pump being the first output of the start-
up unit, a feed circuit for a coil of the relay actuating the
electric drive to open the valve in the conduit for the delivery
of blast-furnace gas to the installation including a make
contact of the sensor responsive to oil pressure in the oiling
system of the gas turbine, which contact is closed while the
oil pressure therein is within its specified operative limits,
: 20 and a make contact of the automatic-start relay, both these
contacts being connected in series, a make contact of said relay
actuating the electric drive to open the valve in the conduit
for the delivery of the blast furnace gas to the installation
forming the second output of the start-up control unit, a
feed circuit for a coil of the relay for actuating the power-
` driven ventilator including a make contact of the sensor res-
ponsive to position of the valve in the conduit for the delivery
of blast-furnace gas to the installation, which contact is
closed upon the opening of that valve, a make contact of said
relay for actuating the ventilator forming the third output
of the start-up control unitl a circuit for a coil of said
- 21 -
': ~
$~23
relay for actuating the rotor speed selector being connected
in parallel with the coil of the relay for actuating the
ventilator and including a make contact of the sensor
responsive to air pressure in the cooling system of the
electric generator, which contact is closed while the air
pressure is within its specified operative limits, and a
break contact of the start-up completion relay, both above :~
contacts being connected in series, a make contact of the
relay for actuating the rotor-speed selector forming the
fourth output of the start-up control unit, and a feed
circuit for a coil of said relay operative upon completion
of the installation start-up including two series-connected
contacts, viz. a break contact of the relay for controlling
the oil pump, a make contact of the relay for actuating the
rotor-speed selector, and a make contact of said start-up
completion relay connected in parallel with both a~ove
contacts, said make contact forming the first output of the
shut-down control unit being connected in series with these
contacts, and make contacts of the start-up completion relay
forming the fifth and sixth outputs of the start-up control ~ -
unit.
It is desira~le that said synchronizing control unit
~` should comprise a relay-repeater for a signalling and inter-- :
locking contact of the switch of the electric generator, a
:-~
relay for actuating the rotor-speed selector to increase
; rotational speed of the rotor, a relay for actuating the rotor-
speed selector to reduce rotational speed of the rotor, and
a relay-repeater for the sensor responsive to position of the
rotor-speed selector, a feed circuit for a coil of said relay-
~- 30 repeater for a signalling and interlocking contact of the
switch of the electric generator including series-connected
- 22 -
. .
9~2~
contacts, namely, a make contact of the start-up completion
relay and a make signalling and interlocking contact of the
switch of the electric generator, a feed circuit of the relay
for actuating the rotor-speed selector to increase rotational
speed of the rotor being connected in parallel with both
above contacts and including series-connected contacts, namely,
a break contact of the relay-repeater for a signalling and
interlocking contact of the electric-generator switch, a
break contact of the relay for actuating the rotor-speed
selector to reduce rotational speed of the rotor, and a break
contact of the relay-repeater for the sensor responsive to
position of the rotor-speed selector, a feed circuit for
a coil of said relay for actuating the rotor-speed selector
to reduce rotational speed of the rotor being connected in
parallel with the two preceding contacts and incorporating
series-connected contacts, namely, a make contact of the
sensor responsive to rotational speed of the rotor, which
contact is closed as the minimum speed at which the electric
generator frequency still can be synchronized with the power
supply frequency is exceeded, and a make contact of the relay-
repeater for the sensor responsive to position of the rotor-
speed selector, and, connected in parallel with the preceding
contact, a make contact of said relay for actuating the rotor-
.,
~ speed selector to reduce rotational speed of the rotor, this
.,;
contact making the second output of the synchronizing controlunit, a make contact of the relay for actuating the rotor-
speed selector to increase rotational speed of the rotor
.
forming the first output of the synchronizing control unit,
and a make contact of the relay-repeater for a signalling and
interlocking contact of the electric-generator switch forming
.~ the third output of the synchronizing control unit, and a
. X~
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, . . , , :
Z3
feed circuit for a coil of said relay-repeater for the sensor
responsive to position of the rotor-speed selector including
a make contact of this sensor, which contact is closed as the
rotor-speed selector is shifted to its extreme position to
thereby increase rotational speed of the gas turbine rotor.
It is preferable that said load-increase control
unit should comprise a load-increase relay, a feed circuit for
a coil of this relay incorporating series-connected contacts,
namely, a make contact of the relay-repeater for the signalling
and interlocking contact of the electric-generator switch,
a break contact of the sensor responsive to the furnace-gas
flow rate, which contact is opened when the flow rate of fur- ;
nace gas passing through the gas turbine reaches its peak
without operating the gas heater, and a break contact of the
sensor responsive to position of the rotor-speed selector,
which contact is opened as the selector is shifted to its
extreme position to increase rotational speed of the rotor,
make contacts of the load-increase relay forming the fi.rst
. and second outputs of the load-increase control unit.
It is expedient that said gas-heating control unit
should comprise a push-button switch for releasing the gas
heater from protections, an auxiliary relay, a relay for con-
.,:
~ trolling the flow rate of furnace gas, a relay for starting
: the gas heater, a relay for actuating the ignitor, a time relayfor switching off the ignitor, a relay for switching off the
ignitor, a relay for controlling temperature of gas at the
`~ ignitor outlet, a relay for actuating the corresponding elec-
tric drive to open the valve in the conduit for the delivery
of air to the gas heater, a time relay for starting the gas
heater, a relay operative upon completion of the gas heater
starting, a relay for controlling the minimum flow rate of gas,
..~-
- 24 -
. . . : .
: ::
a relay for changing over the-electric generator to motor
operation, a relay for actuating the electric drive to close
the valve in the conduit for the delivery of air to the gas :
heater, and a relay for shutting down the gas(heater, a feed
circuit for a coil of said auxiliary relay including a make
contact of the load-increase relay, a make contact of said
auxiliary relay connected in parallel with the above contact,
and a break contact forming the fifth output of the shut-
down control unit, connected in series with the above contacts,
a feed circuit for a coil of said relay for controlling the
furnace-gas flow rate including a make contact of the sensor
responsive to furnace-gas flow rate, which contact is closed
as the rate of furnace-gas flow through the gas turbine
reaches a value at which the gas heater is started up, a feed
circuit for a coil of said relay for starting the gas heater
including a make contact of the auxiliary relay, a make
contact of the relay for controlling the furnace-gas flow rate
and a make contact of the relay for permitting the gas-heater
starting both contacts being connected in series, a make con-
.
~: 20 tact of said relay for starting the gas heater connected in
. parallel with the above contacts, a break contact of the relay
operative upon completion of the gas-heater starting connected
-.: in series with the preceding contacts, and a break contact of
the relay for shutting down the gas heater connected in series
~` with all the preceding contacts~ two make contacts of the relay
for starting the gas heater forming the first and second
~ outputs of the gas-heating control unit, a feed circuit for
; a coil of said relay for actuating the ignitor incorporating
` series-connected contacts, namely, a make contact of the relay
for starting the gas heater and a ~reak contact of the relay
for switching off the ignitor, a coil of the time relay for
~, ;;
- 25
2~
switching off the ignitor being connected in parallel with
the coil of the relay for actuating the ignitor, a make contact
of said time relay for switching off the ignitor forming the
fourth output of the gas-heating control unit, a feed circuit ~-
for a coil for switching off the ignitor incorporating a make
contact of the time relay for switching off the ignitor and,
connected in parallel with this contact, two series-connected
contacts, namely, a make contact of said ignitor switching-off
relay and a break contact of the relay for shutting down the ;
gas heater, a feed circuit for a coil of said relay for con-
trolling gas temperature at the ignitor outlet incorporating
a make contact of the sensor responsive to gas temperature at
the ignitor outlet, which contact is opened as the temperature
of gas exceeds the ignition point thereof, a feed circuit for a
coil of said relay for actuating the corresponding electric
drive to open the valve in the conduit for the delivery of air
-~ to the gas heater incorporating series-connected contacts,
i. namely, a make contact of the relay controlling gas temperature
at the ignitor outlet, a make contact of the ignitor switching-
. 20 off relay, and a break contact of said relay for changing over
the electric generator to motor operation, a make contact of
said valve-opening relay forming the third output of the gas-
~: heating control unit, a feed circuit for a coil of said time
relay for starting the gas heater incorporating series-
connected contacts, namely, a make contact of the sensor res-
ponsive to position of the valve in the conduit for the delivery
of air to the gas heater, which contact is closed upon opening
of that valve, and a break contact of the start-up completion
relay, a feed circuit for a coil of said relay operative upon
completion of the gas heater starting incorporating a make
contact of the time relay for starting the gas heater,
- 26 -
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.
$~23
a make contact of said start-up completion relay connected
in parallel with the preceding contact, and series-connected
contacts, namely, a break contact of the relay for shutting
down the gas heater, and a break contact of the generator-to-
motor changeover relay, two break contacts of the start-up
completion relay forming the fifth and eleventh outputs of
the gas-heating control unit, a feed circuit for a coil of
said relay for controlling the minimum furnace-gas flow rate
incorporating a break contact of the sensor responsive to
furnace-gas flow rate which contact is opened as th~ furnace-
gas flow rate exceeds its minimum value at which the delivery
of air to the gas heater is cut off, a feed circuit for a coil
of said relay for changing over the electric generator to
motor operation incorporating a make contact of the relay for
controlling the minimum flow rate of blast-furnace gas~ a make
contact of said generator-to-motor changeover relay and a break
,, .
.~ contact of the relay for controlling blast-furnace gas flow
rate, both contacts being connected in parallel to the preceding
contact, and a make contact of the auxiliary relay connected
in series with all the three preceding contacts, a feed circuit
, ... ~
for a coil of said relay for actuating the corresponding elec- ~:~
tric drive to close the valve in the conduit for the delivery
of air to the gas heater incorporating two contacts connected
in parallel, namely, a make contact of the generator-to-motor
changeover relay and a make contact of the relay for shutting
down the gas heater, a make contact of said valve-closing
relay forming the eighth output of the gas-heating control
unit, a feed circuit for a coil of said relay for shutting
down the gas heater incorporating series-connected contacts,
namely, a break contact of the relay controlling the tempera-
ture of furnace gas at the outlet of the ignitor and a make
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., : . . ,
~q39~23
contact of the relay for switching off the ignitor, a make
contact of the relay of the second sensor responsive to the
blast-furnace gas temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine
connected in parallel with the two abo~e contacts, which con- -
tact is closed as the temperature of blast-furnace gas reaches
its maximum value at which the gas heater is shut down, a
break contact of the second sensor responsive to temperature
of blast furnace gas, which is closed as the furnace gas
temperature drops to its minimum value at which the gas heater
is shut down and a make contact of the start-up completion
relay, both contacts being connected in series with one another
and in parallel with the preceding contacts, a make contact
forming the seventh output of the shut-down control unit, -
connected in parallel with the preceding contacts, a make con-
tact forming the sixth output of the shut-down control unit
and a make contact of the relay for controlling the minimum
furnace-gas flow rate, both contacts connected in series to
one another and in parallel with the preceding contacts, and
a make contact of said relay for shutting down the gas heater,
which is connected in parallel with the preceding conta-ts,
a break contact of said push-button switch for releasing the
gas heater from portections being connected in series with all
the preceding contacts, three make contacts of the relay for
shutting down the gas heater forming the sixth, seventh, and
tenth outputs, and one break contact thereof making up the
ninth output of the gas-heating control unit.
It is advantageous that said control unit for changing
over the regulator of gas pressure under the blast-furnace top
should comprise a relay for the regulator changeover and a
relay for reducing load of the turbine, a feed circuit for a
coil of said ~hangeover relay incorporating series-connected
Z3
contacts, namely, a make contact of the sensor responsive to
the blast-furnace gas temperature at the inlet of the gas
turbine, which contact is closed as the temperature of furnace
gas exceeds its minimal value at which the pressure regulator
can be changed over to connection with the input of thes
system for regulating rotational speed of the rotor, a break
conta~t of the relay for shutting down the gas heater, and a
break contact forming the eighth output of the shut-down con-
trol unit, two make contacts of the changeover relay forming
the first and second outputs of the changeover control unit,
a feed circuit for a coil of said relay for reducing load of
the turbine incorporating a make contact of the relay for shutt-
ing down the gas heater, a break contact of the relay opera-
tive upon completion of the gas heater starting, this second
contact being connected in parallel with the preceding con-
tact, and a make contact of the sensor responsive to the flow
, . :
;. rate of furnace gas, which contact is closed as the rate of
~`. gas flow through the gas turbine reaches its maximum value
~ ,~
:~ without the gas heater being operative, this third contact
~;~ 20 being connected in series with the preceding, second contact,
.
a break contact and a make contact of the relay for reducing
` load of the turbine forming the third and fourth outputs of
. : the changeover control unit.
It is preferable that said shut-down control unit
should comprise a push-button switch for stopping the in-
stallation, a push-button switch for installation-protection
release, a shut-down relay, a relay for disconnecting the
electric generator from the power line, and an emergency shut-
down relay, a feed circuit for a coil of said shut-down relay
incorporating a make contact of said push-button switch for
stopping the installation, two series-connected contacts which
are connected in parallel with said push-button switch contact,
'~c~
...
- 29 -
t
LZ3
namely, a make contact of the relay for preparing the start-
ing of the oi~ pump and a make contact of this shut-down :
relay, and a make contact of the emergency shut-down relay
connected in parallel with the preceding contact, break con-
tacts of the shut-down relay forming the first, fifth, and .
: eighth outputs, and make contacts thereof forming the
fourth, sixth and tenth outputs of the shut-down control -:.
~ unit, a feed circuit for a coil for disconnecting the elec-
tric generator from the power line incorporating series-
connected contacts, namely, a ma~e contact of the shut-down
.~ relay and a make contact of the sensor responsive to position
, , :
of the closing diaphragm gate which contact is closed upon
closure thereof, make contacts of the relay for disconnecting
the electric generator forming the second and ninth outputs
of the shut-down control unit, a feed circuit for a coil for
said emergency shut-down relay incorporating contacts conn-
;` ected in parallel, namely, a make contact of the sensor
~;~ responsive to rotational speed of the rotor, which contact
is closed as the rotor speed reaches its maximum value, a
make contact of the sensor responsive to temperature of blast-
furnace gas ahead of the gas turbine, a make contact of the
sensor responsive to the maximum temperature of bearings of
the gas turbine and the electric generator, a make contact
of the sensor responsive to vibration of bearings of the
gas turbine and the electric generator, and a make contact
of this emergency shut-down relay, and also series-connected
contacts, namely, a make contact of the sensor responsive
to oil pressure in the oiling system, which contact is closed
as the pressure of oil drops to its minimum permissible limit,
and a break contact of the sensor responsive to position of
the valve in the conduit for the delivery of blast-furnace
30 -
. ~ :
L2~
gas to the installation, which contact is opened upon the
opening of that valve, these two series-connected contacts
being connected in parallel with all the above contacts, and
a break contact of a push-button switch for reieasing the
installation from protections being connected in series with
all the preceding contacts of this feed circuit, make contacts
of the emergency shut-down relay forming the third and seventh
outputs of the shut-down control unit.
It is preferable that said control unit for filling
10 and emptying the installation should comprise a switch to actuate
the filling and opening, a relay for actuating the electric drive
of the valve in the conduit for the delivery of blast-furnace gas
to the installation, a feed circuit for a coil of this relay in-
corporating a make contact of the shut-down relay which forms the ;~
tenth output of the shut-down control unit, a make contact of
said relay for actuating the electric drive of the valve in the
conduit for the delivery of blast-furnace gas to the installation
forming the second output of the filling and emptying control
unit, a relay operative upon closure of the valve in the con-
duit for the delivery of blast-furnace gas to the installation,
a feed circuit for a coil of this relay incorporating a make
contact of the sensor responsive to position of said valve,
which contact is closed upon closure thereof, a relay opera-
tive upon opening of the valve in the conduit for the dis-
charge of blast-furnace gas, a feed circuit for a coil of
this relay incorporating a make contact of the sensor res-
ponsive to position of said valve, which contact is closed
upon opening thereof, a relay operative upon closure of the
valve in the conduit for the delivery of inert gas, a feed
circuit for a coil of this relay incorporating a make
contact of the sensor responsive to position of said valve,
~'
~ - 31 -
, . ., ::
2~3
which contact is closed upon closure thereof, a relay ~or
actuating the corresponding electric drive to close the
valve in the conduit for the discharge of blast-furnace gas, -
a feed circuit for a coil of this valve incorporating series-
"
connected contacts, namely, a make contact of the relayoperative upon closure of the valve in the conduit for the
delivery of blast-furnace gas to the installation, and a
make contact of said switch for actuating the filling and
emptying, which contact is closed in the "emptying" position
of the switch, a relay for acutating the corresponding
electric drive to open the valve in the conduit for the dis-
charge of the contaminated inert gas, whose coil and a make
contact of the sensor responsive to position of the valve in
the conduit for the discharge of blast-furnace gas from the
installation, which contact is closed upon closure of said
valve, are connected in series with the above contact of said
switch, a relay for actuating the corresponding electric
drive to open the valve in the conduit for the delivery of
inert gas, whose coil and a make contact of the sensor res-
ponsive to position of the valve in the conduit for the dis-
charge of the contaminated inert gas from the installation,
which contact is closed upon closure of that valve, are conn-
ected in series to one another and in parallel with the pre-
ceding contact and relay coil, a make contact of said relay
for actuating the electric drive to close the valve in the
conduit for the discharg~ of blast-furnace gas forming the
third output, a make conta^t of the relay for actuating the
electric drive to open the valve in the conduit for the
discharge of the contaminated inert gas forming the eighth
output, and a make contact of the relay for actuating the
electric drive to open the valve in the conduit for the
- 32 -
. , - : . - ,:,
. ~.. . .
~$~23
delivery of inert gas forming the seventh output of the fill-
ing and emptying control unit, a time relay for emptying the
installation, a feed circuit for a coil of this time relay
incorporating a make contact of the sensor responsive to
position of the valve in the conduit for the delivery of
inert gas to the installation, which contact is closed upon :
. opening of said valve, a relay for actuating the respective
electric drives to close the associated valves in the conduit
for the delivery of inert gas and in the conduit for the dis-
charge of the contaminated inert gas, a feed circuit of this
relay incorporating series connectec contacts, namely, a
make contact of the filling and emptying control switch,
. which contact is closed in the neutral position of the switch,
.~ and a make contact of the time relay for emptying the in-
:.~ stallation, and, connected in parallel with the latter contact,
a make contact of the relay operative upon closure of the valve
in the conduit for the discharge of blast-furnace gas, make
contacts of the relay for actuating the respective electric
drives to close the associated valves in the conduit for the
delivery o~ inert gas and in the conduit for the discharge
of the contaminated inert gas forming the fourth and fifth
outputs of the filling and emptying control unit, a relay for
actuating the corresponding electric drive to open the valve
in the conduit for the discharge of the blast-furnace gas,
a feed circuit for a coil of this relay incorporating series-
connected contacts, namely, a make contact of the relay
operative on closure of the valve in the conduit for the
delivery of inert gas and a make contact of the filling and
opening control switch, which contact is closed in the "fill-
ing" position of the switch, a make contact of the relayoperative upon the opening of the valve in the conduit for
~ !
~ - 33 -
~9~23
the discharge of blast-furnace gas and the coil of the relay
for actuating the electric drive of the valve in the conduit
for the discharge of the contaminated inert gas being connected
in series with the preceding contact of the filling and
emptying control switch, a make contact of the relay for actuat-
~: ing the corresponding electric drive to open the valve in the :
conduit for the discharge of blast-furnace gas forming the
sixth output of the filling and emptying control unit, and an
-.~ output relay, a feed circuit for a coil of this relay incor-
.: 10 porating series-connected contacts, namely, a make contact of
-~ the relay operative upon closure of the valve in the conduit
for the delivery of the blast furnace gas, a make contact of
the relay operative upon the opening of the valve in the con-
duit for the discharge of blast-furnace gas, a make contact
of the relay operative upon closure of the valve in the conduit
for the delivery of inert gas, and a make contact of the sensor
responsive to position of the valve in the conduit for the
discharge of the contaminated inert gas, which contact is
closed upon closure of that valve, a make contact of said
output relay forming the first output of the filling and
empt~ing control unit.
The present invention makes it possible to effec- :
tively solve complex and variable problems stemming from the
development of a fully automatic control system for an in-
stallation utilizing the pressure energy of outgoing blast-
furnace gas. Fully automatic control is accomplished by the
provision of a control system comprising the following func-
tionally-oriented control units, namely: a control unit for
checking the installation for start-up readiness, a control
unit for starting the installation, a control unit for syn-
chronizing the electric generator frequency and the power line
frequency, a control unit for increasing load of the gas
~,.~
- 34 -
2~
turbine, a control unit for monitoring the heating of blast-
furnace gas, a control unit for changing over the furnace-gas
pressure regulator, a control unit for shutting down the in-
stallation, and a control unit for filling and emptying the
installation. The inputs and outputs of these units and of
suitable sensors and operative members are interconnected so
as to ensure appropriate operation thereof.
The use of the aforesaid units in a control system
~` allows all necessary control operations to be carried out
automatically, and connections-between the control units,
sensors and operative members in accordance with the present
invention ensure the required sequence of operations, with
each preceding operation being checked up for its proper
completion.
The splitting of the control system as a whole into
said series-connected functional units with additional conn-
ections therebetween makes it possible to facilitate their
manufacture, to use therefor conventional electromagnetic
relays, to reduce the number of such relays to an optimal
value, to use the same units to thereby control the install-
ation functioning under changing operational conditions, and
hence to simplify the whole control system.
The control system thus simplified and its arrange-
ment according to the invention facilitates the setting
thereof, allowing the setting and adjustment of separate units
to be made simultaneously, and thereby the time required for
putting the system into operation to be substantially reduced.
In operation, the system offers effective detection
of faults, simpler troubleshooting, servicing and maintenance.
The checking of operations upon their completion excludes the
upsetting of their specified sequence.
L~
-- 35 --
L23
That makes for higher reliability of the installation
- and prevents damage to equipment and hazards to the personnel
running the blast furnace.
A fully automatic control system according to the
invention makes it possible to use a gas-pressure utilizing
-~ installation without creating any difficulties for operation
of a blast-furnace to which it is coupled.
The present invention will now be described in terms
of a specific embodiment thereof with reference to the accom-
panying drawings. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a general sch-
ematic arrangement of an installation utilizing the pressure
energy of outgoing blast-furnace gas, according to the
invention'
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram in block form of a
control system for the installation of Fig. 1, according to
the invention,
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a readiness
control unit, according to the invention,
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a start-
up control unit, according to the invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a frequency
synchronizing control unit, according to the invention'
Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a load-
increase control unit, according to the invention'
Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a gas-
heating control unit, according to the invention
Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a pressure-
regulator changeover control unit, according to the invention'
Fig. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a shut-down
control unit, according to the invention,
- 36 -
.; .
z~ ~
:
Fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a filling
and emptying control unit, according to the invention.
Referring now to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a control
system for an installation utilizing the pressure energy of
~- outgoing blast-furnace gas, according to the invention,
", .
includes mounted in a gas turbine l,-a control diaphragm gate
2 and a closing diaphragm gate 3. The gas turbine 1 is placed
in parallel with a throttle unlt 4 of a blast-furnace 5 and ~;
is used to impart rotation to an electric generator 6. The
electric generator is provided with a suitable air cooling
system incorporating a power-driven ventilator 7. The gas
turbine 1 is provided with an oiling system incorporating an
oil pump 8, said oiling system being also shared by the elec-
tric generator 6, with a system 9 for regulating rotational
speed of the rotor of said turbine 1 and with a rotor-speed
selector 10. The regulating system 9 is connected to said
control diaphragm gate 2 and closing diaphragm ~ate 3.
The control system has a device 11 for converting
input signals coming from a regulator 12 of gas pressure under
the top of the blast furnace 5. The converting device 11 is
connected to the input of said regulating system 9. The
pressure regulator 12 is electrically connected with the throttle
unit 4. There are also provided a switch 13 of the electric
generator 6, which contains a set of signalling and inter-
locking contacts and is used to connect and disconnect the
electric generator from a power line, and a device 14 used to
synchronize the rotor rotational frequency and the p~wer-line
frequency. A first and second inputs 15 and 16 of said device
14 are connected respectively with outputs of the electric
generator 6 and with an a.c. power line, and a first output 17
thereof is electrically connected to said switch 13 of the
electric generator 6.
- 37 -
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.. ~ ,: ............. . .... :
LZ3
i The control system alsc contains a first sensor
18 responsive to the blast-furnace gas temperature at the inlet
of the gas turbine 1, which sensor is mounted in a conduit 19
for the delivery of blast furnace gas to the gas turbine 1
downstream of a gas heater 20 which is also mounted therein
and provided with an ignitor 21. Said sensor 18 is connected
to an input 22 of a regulator 23 used to control temperature
of the blast-furnace gas passing to the gas turbine 1. An
output of said temperature regulator 23 is electrically
connected to an electric drive 25 for operating a valve 24
coupled therewith and mounted in a conduit 26 for the delivery
~ of air to the gas heater 20. A second sensor 27 responsive
: to the maximum gas temperature is also mounted in said con-
duit 19. A gas filter 28 is mounted on the downstream side
of the blast furnace 5.
The control system further includes a valve 29 with
its associated electric drive 30 mounted in a conduit 31 for
the delivery of blast-furnace gas to the installation ahead
of the gas heater 20, a valve 32 with its electric drive 33,
mounted in the conduit 34 for the discharge of contaminated
; inert gas from the installation, a valve 35 with its electric
drive 36, placed in a conduit 37 for the discharge of blast-
furance gas from the installation, a valve 38 with its electric
drive 39 mounted in a conduit 40 for the delivery of inert gas
to the installation, a valve 41 with its electric drive 42,
mounted in the conduit 26 for the delivery of air to the
gas heater 20, a valve 43 with its electric drive 44, mounted
in a conduit 45 for the delivery of air to the ignitor 21 of -
the gas heater 20, and a valve 46 with its electric drive 47,
: 30 mounted in a conduit 48 for the delivery of gaseous fuel to
the ignitor 21 of the gas heater 20.
; ~ - 38 -
; ~ . ,- . . . ... .
2;3
-
A number of interconnected control units for theautomatic starting, control and shut-down of the installation
is introduced in the control system.
Referring to Fig. 2, there is provided a control
^ unit 49 for checking the installation for start-up readiness.
A first input 50 of said readiness control unit is connected
with a sensor 51 responsive to position of said valve 41,
shown in Fig. 1, which produces a signal indicative of the
valve closure. A second input 52 of the control unit 49 is
connected with a sensor 53 responsive to position of said
valve 43 (Fig. 1), said sensor being placed in the conduit
45 for the delivery of air to the ignitor 21 of the gas
heater 20, which produces a signal indicative of closure of
this valve. A third output 54 of the control unit 49 is
connected with a sensor 55 responsive to position of said
valve 46 (Fig. 1), producing a signal indicative of the valve
closure. A fourth input 56 o~ the control unit 49 is connec-
ted with a sensor 57 responsive to air pressure in the conduit
26 ahead of the valve 41 (Fig. 1), which produces a signal
2~ indicative of the air pressure being within its operative
limits. A fifth input 58 of the control unit 49 is connected
with a sensor 59 responsive to air pressure in the conduit ,
45 ahead of the valve 43 (Fig. 1), which produces a signal
indicative of the air pressure being within its operative
limits. A sixth input 60 of the control unit 49 is connected
with a sensor 61 responsive to the pressure of a high-grade
gaseous fuel in the conduit 48 ahead of the valve 46 (Fig.l),
which produces a signal indicative of the gaseous-fuel press-
ure being within its operative limits. A seventh input 62
of the control unit 49 is connected with a sensor 63 res-
ponsive to oil level in the oiling system of the gas turbine 1,
X - 39 -
~$~X;~
producing a signal indicative of the oil level being within
its operative limits. An eighth input 64 of the control unit
49 is connected with a sensor 65 responsive to position of
the closing diaphragm gate 3 (Fig. 1), producing a signal
indicative of its closure, and a ninth input 66 of the control
unit 49 is connected with a sensor 65 responsive to position
of the closing diaphragm gate 3 (Fig. 1), producing a signal
indicative of its closure, and a ninth input 66 of the
control unit 49 is connected with a sensor 67 responsive to
position of the control diaphragm gate 2 (Fig. 1), producing
a signal indicative of its closure. A tenth input 68 of the
control unit 49 is connected with a sensor 69 responsive to
position of the rotor-speed selector 10 (Fig. 1), producing
a signal indicative of the selector initial position. An
eleventh input 70 of the control unit 49 is connected with a
sensor 71 responsive to position of the signal-converting
device ll(Fig. 1), producing a signal indicative of the initial
position of the device 11.
The control system also includes a start-up control
unit 72 (Fig. 2) which is adapted for starting the oil pump
8 (Fig. 1)~ opening the valve 29, starting the ventilator 7,
actuating the rotor-speed selector 10 and stopping the oil
pump 8 and the rotor-speed selector 10 as the rotor rotational
frequency reaches a value which is roughly equal to the gener-
ator synchronizing frequency, all these operations being
carried out in the aforesaid succession. A first input 73
of the start-up control unit 72 is connected with a first
output 74 of the readiness control unit 49. A second input
75 of the start-up control unit 72 is connected with a sensor
76 responsive to oil pressure in the oiling sy~-tem of the gas
turbine 1 (Fig. 1), which sensor produces a signal indicative
~c~
~ - 40 -
~1$~!~2;3
of the oil pressure being within its operative limits, A
third and fourth inputs 77 and 78 are connected respectively
with sensors 79 and 80 responsive to position of the valve 29
(Fig. l), which produce respective signals indicative of its
being opened and closed. A fifth input 81 of the start-up
control unit 72 is connected with a sensor 82 responsive to
air pressure in the cooling system of the electric generator
6 (Fig, 1), which sensor produces a signal indicative of the ! ;
air pressure being within its operative limits. A sixth input
83 of the start-up control unit 72 is connected with a sensor
84 responsive to rotational speed of the turbine rotor, which
produces a signal as the rotor rotational frequency reaches a
; value roughly equal to the synchronizing frequency of the
electric generator 6 (Fig, l), A first, second, third and
fourth outputs 85, 86, 87 and 88 of the start-up control
unit 72 are electrically connected respectively to the oil
pump 8, to the electric drive 30 of the valve 29 (Fig. l),
to the power-driven ventilator 7, and to the rotor-speed
selector lO. A fifth output 89 of the control unit 72 is
electrically connected to a third input 90 of the synchron-
izing device 14.
The control system further includes a control unit
91 (Fig. 2) for synchronizing the electric-generator frequency
~; and the power-line frequency. A first input 92 of this
control unit is connected to a sixth output 93 of the control
unit 72, a second input 94 thereof being connected to a first
signalling and interlocking make contact 95 of the switch 13
(Fig. l) of the electric generator 6, which produces a signal
indicative of the electric generator 6 being connected to the
power line. A third input 96 of the control unit 91 is
- 41 -
`~
.,.. ., :, .
~ 3~
connected with a sensor 97 responsive to position of the rotor-
speed selector 10 (Fig. 1), which produces a signal indicative
of the selector being shifted to its extreme position to
thereby increase the rotor speed. A fourth input 98 of the
control unit 91 is connected with a sensor 99 responsive to
rotational speed of the rotor, producing a signal as the rotor
speed drops to its minimal value at which the electric-generator
frequency can still be synchronized with the power-line fre-
quency. A first and second outputs 100 and 101 of the control
unit 91 are connected to the rotor-speed selector 10 to in-
crease and reduce rotational speed of the rotor of the gas
turbine 1 (Fig. 1), respectively.
The control system also includes a control unit 102
(Fig. 2) for increasing load of the gas turbine. A first in-
put 103 of this load-increase control unit is connected to a
third output 104 of said control unit 91. A second input 105
of the control unit 102 is connected with a sensor 106 res-
ponsive to furnace-gas flow rate, which produces a signal as
` the rate of gas flow through the gas turbine l(Fig. 1) reaches
its maximum value without operating the gas heater 20. A
third input 107 of the control unit 102 is connected with said
sensor 97 responsive to position of the rotor-speed selector
10. A first output 108 of the control unit 102 is connected
to said selector 10.
The control system further includes a control unit
109 (Fig. 2) for controlling the heating of blast furnace gas,
which is used to start up and stop the gas heater 20 (Fig. 1)
and the temperature regulator 23 thereof, and also to carry
out control operations required during a temporary changeover
of the blast-furnace to operation with reduced furnace-gas
pressure. A first output 110 of this gas-heating control unit
- 42 -
- : ~- ,, . : , : : :
2~
109 is connected with a second output 111 of said load-
increase control unit 102, and a second input 112 of the control
unit 109 is connected with a second output 113 of said read-
iness control unit 49. A third input 114 of the control unit
109 is connected with a sensor 115 responsive to the rate of gas
flow through the turbine 1 (Fig. 1), producing a signal as
the flow rate reaches its value at which the gas heater 20
is started up. A fourth input 116 of the control unit 109
is connected with a sensor 117 responsive to gas temperature
at the outlet of the ignitor 21 (Fig. 1), which produces a
signal indicative of the temperature exceeding the furnace-
gas ignition point. A fifth input 118 of the control unit
109 is connected with a sensor 119 responsive to position of
the valve 41 (Fig. 1), which produces a signal indicative
of this valve being opened. A sixth input 120 of the control
unit 109 is connected to a sensor 121 responsive to furnace-
gas flow rate, producing a signal as the rate of gas flow
through the gas turbine 1 (Fig. 1) reaches its value at which
the delivery of air to the gas heater 20 is shut o~f. A
seventh and an eighth inputs 122 and 123 of the control unit
109 are connected, respectively, with the outputs of said
second sensor 27 responsive to the furnace-gas temperature
at the inlet of the gas turbine 1 (Fig. 1), producing res-
pective signals as the gas temperature reaches its minimum
and maximum values at which the gas heater 20 is shut down.
A first, second, and third outputs 124, 125 and 126 of the
control unit 109 are electrically connected to the respective
electric drives 44, 47 and 42 of the associated valves 43,
46, and 41 (Fig. 1) for their opening. A fourth output 127
of the control unit 109 is electrically connected to the ig-
nitor 21, and a fifth output 128 of the control unit 109
- 43 -
. : - ~: .
3$~iLZ3
thereof is electrically connected to the furnace-gas tempera-
ture regulator 23 to switch it "on" and "off". A sixth, a
seventh and an eighth outputs 129, 130, and 131 of the con-
trol unit 109 are electrically connected to the respective
electric drives 44, 47 and 42 of the associated valves 43,
46 and 41 for their closure.
The control system also includes a changeover ,
control unit 132 (Fig. 2) used to connect the regulator 12
of gas pressure under the top of the blast-furnace 5 either
10 through the input-signal converter 11 to an input of the
rotor-speed regulation system 9 or to an input of the throttle
unit 4 of the blast-furnace 5. A first, a second, and a
third inputs 133, 134 and 135 of this unit 132 are connected
respectively with a ninth, a tenth, and an eleventh outputs
136, 137, 138 of said gas-heating control unit 109. A fourth
input 139 of the control unit 132 is connected with said
sensor 106 (Fig. 1). A fifth input 140 of the control unit
132 is connected with a sensor 141 responsive to gas tempera-
ture at the inlet of the gas turbine 1, producing a signal
20 indicative of the minimum temperature of gas in the turbine
at which the pressure regulator 12 is connected to the input
of the rotor-speed regulating system 9. A first output 142 of
the control unit 132 is electrically connected to the rotor-
speed selector 10. A second output 143 of the control unit
132 is electrically connected with the output of the pressure
regulator 12 to connect and disconnect said pressure regula-
tor 12 through the input-signal converter 11 to the input of
the rotor-speed regulating system 9 (Fig. 1). A third output
144 is electrically connected with the output of the pressure
30 regulator 12 to connect and disconnect the pressure regulator
12 to and from the input of the throttle unit 4 (Fig. 1). A
fourth output 145 is electrically connected through the
~r -- 44 --
, ~
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input-signal converting device 11 to a corresponding input
of the system 9 (Fig 1) for transmitting a signal to reduce
load of the gas turbine 1.
The control system further includes a shut-down
control unit 146 (Fig. 2) used to stop the installation. A
first input 147 of this unit is connected with a seventh
output 148 of the start-up control unit 72, and a second
input 149 thereof is connected with said sensor 65. A third
input 150 of the control unit 1~6 is connected with a sensor
151 responsive to rotational speed of the rotor, producing a
signal indicative of the maximum rotor speed. A fourth input
152 of the control unit 146 is connected with a sensor 153
responsive to oil pressure in the oiling system, producing a
signal as the oil pressure drops to its minimum value. A
flfth input 154 of the control unit 146 is connected to a
sensor 155 responsive to position of the valve 29 (Fig. 1),
producing a signal indicative of the beginning of said valve
opening. A sixth input 156 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 146
is connected with said second sensor 27 lFig. 1), and a
seventh input 157 (Fig. 2) thereof is connected with a sensor
158 responsive to the maximum temperature of hearings of the
gas turbine 1 (Fig. 1) and the electric generator 6. An
eighth input 159 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 146 is connected
to a sensor 160 responsive to vibration of bearings of the
gas turbine 1 and the electric generator 6 (Fig. 1), producing
a signal indicative of the maximum vibration of the bearings.
A first and second outputs 161 and 162 (Fig. 2) of the control
unit 146 are connected respectively to a seventh and an
eighth inputs 163 and 164 of the start-up control unit 72.
A third output 165 of the control unit 146 is electrically
i connected to a corresponding input of the rotor-speed regula-
ting system 9 for rapid closu;^e of the control and closing
- 45 -
2~
diaphragm gates 2 and 3. A fourth output 166 (Fig. 2) of the
control unit 146 is electrically connected to the rotor-speed
selector 10 to transmit a signal for bringing the selector
10 back to its initial position. A fifth, sixth, and seventh t
outputs 167, 168, and 169 of the control unit 146 are connec-
ted, respectively, to a ninth, tenth, and eleventh inputs
170, 171, and 172 of the gas-heating control unit 109. An
eighth output 173 of the control unit 146 is connected to a
sixth input 174 of the changeover control unit 132, a ninth
output 175 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 146 is electrically
connected with the switch 13 (Fig. 1).
The control system also i~cludes a control unit 176
(Fig. 2) for filling and emptying the installation. A ~irst `~
input 177 of this unit is connected to a tenth output 178 of
the shut-down control unit 146, and a second input 179 of the
control unit 176 is connected with said sensor 80. A third
and fourth inputs 180 and 181 (Fig. 2) of the control unit
176 axe connected with the respective sensors 182 and 183
responsive to position of the valve 35 (Fig. 1), which pro-
duce respective signals indicative of this valve being closed
and opened. A fifth and sixth inputs 184 and 185 (Fig. 2)
of the control unit 176 are connected to respective sensors
186 and 187 responsive to position of the valve 38 (Fig. 1),
which produce respective signals indicative of this valve
being closed and opened. A seventh and an eighth inputs 188
and 189 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 176 are connected with
respective sensors 190 and 191 responsive to position of the
valve 32 (Fig. 1), which produce respective signals indica-
tive of this valve being closed and opened. A first output
30 192 of the control unit 176 is connected to a twelfth input
193 of the readiness control unit 49. A second, third,
fourth, and fifth outputs 194, 195, 196, and 197 of the
~` - 46 -
,' X
- ~ .:, - . . . ~- .
- , . ~, r,: ''
$~2~
control unit 176 are electrically connected respectively to
the electric drive 30 of the valve 29 (Fig. 1), to the
electric drive 36 of the valve 35, to the electric drive 39
of the valve 38, and to the electric drive 33 of the valve
32 to close all these valves. A sixth, a seventh, and an
eighth outputs 198, 199, and 200 of the control unit 176 are
electrically connected, respectively, to the electric drive
36 of the valve 35 (Fig. 1), to the electric drive 39 of the
valve 38, and to the electric drive 33 of the valve 32 to
open these valves.
For the purposes described hereinbefore, pressure-
gauge switches can be used as suitable pressure-responsive
sensors, thermocouples provided with electronic amplifiers
having discrete electrical output can be used as suitable
temperature-responsive sensors, pressure switches with elas-
ticity-calibrated membranes responsive to a pressure drop
which are mounted on the conduits can be used as suitable
flow-rate sensors, limit switches with electrical output can
be used as suitable position-responsive sensors for the
closing and control diaphragm gates, the valves, the rotor-
speed selector, and the input-signal converting device, a
float-type level relay with electrical output signal can be
used as a suitable level-responsive sensor, and inductive
vibration pick-ups can be used as suitable vibration-
responsive sensors.
Reference is now made to Fig. 3, illustrating a
schematic circuit diagram of said control unit 49 for
checking the installation for start-up readiness. This
control unit has a relay for permitting the starting of the
gas heater 20 (Fig. 1). This relay has a coil 201 whose
-~ feed circuit incorporates series-connected contacts, namely,
a make contact 511 of the sensor 51 (Fig. 2) responsive to
X - 47 -
' ' ' ~
2~
position of the valve 41 tFig. 1), which contact is closed
upon closure of this valve, a make contact 531 of the sensor
53 (Fig. 2) responsive to position of the valve 43 (Fig. 1),
which contact is closed upon closure of this valve, a make
551 contact of the sensor 55 (Fig. 2) responsive to position
of the valve 46 (Fig. 1) which contact is closed upon closure
of this valve, a make contact 571 of the sensor 57 (Fig. 2)
responsive to air pressure ahead of the valve 41, which con-
tact is closed while the air pressure is within its operative
limits, a make contact 591 of the sensor 59 (Fig. 2) respon-
sive to air pressure ahead of the valve 43 (Fig. 1), which
contact is closed while the air pressure is within its opera-
tive limits, and a make contact 611 of the sensor 61 (Fig. 2)
responsive to gaseous-fuel pressure ahead of the valve 46
(Fig. 1), which contact is closed while the gaseous-fuel
pressure is within its operative limits. A make contact (not
shown in Fig. 3) of said relay for permitting the starting of
the gas heater 20 (Fig. 1) makes up the second output 113
(Fig. 2) of the readiness control unit 49.
This control unit 49 also contains a relay for
permitting the start-up of the installation. The relay has
a coil 202, whose feed circuit incorporates series-connected
contacts, namely, a make contact 631 of the sensor 63 (Fig. 2)
responsive to oil level in the oiling system, which contact
is closed while the oil level is within its specified limits,
a make contact 651 of the sensor 65 (Fig. 2) responsive to
position of the closing diaphragm gate 3 (Fig. 1), which con-
tact is closed upon closure of this gate, a make contact 67
of the sensor 67 (Fig. 2) responsive to position of the
~; 30 control diaphragm gate 2 (Fig. 1), which contact is closed
' upon its closure, a make contact 691 of the sensor 69 (Fig. 2)
responsive to position of the rotor-speed selector 10 (Fig. 1),
~r, i
-~, ~ - 48 -
: '
,: . , .... ; ~.-~ - :
2;3
which contact is closed as the selector is in its initial
position, a make contact 711 of the sensor 71 (Fig. 2)
responsive to position of the input-signal converting device
11 (Fig. 1), which contact is closed as this device is in its -
initial position, and a make contact 2011 of said relay for
permitting the starting of the gas heater 20 (Fig. 1). A
make contact (not shown in Fig. 3) of said relay for permit-
ting the start-up of the installation makes up the irst
output 74 of the readiness control unit 49.
Conductors 203 and 204 form the supply bus bars for
the control unit 49 and for all the other control units of
the present control system.
Referring to Fig. 4, said start-up control unit 72,
shown in Fig. 2, comprises a push-button switch "start" 205,
an automatic-start relay having a coil 206, a relay with a
coil 207 for preparing the starting of the oil pump 8 (Fig.
1), a time relay with a coil 208 for stopping the oil pump 8,
a relay with a coil 209 for controlling the oil pump 8 (Fig.
1), a relay with a coil 210 for actuating the electric drive
30 to open the valve 29 (Fig. 1), a relay with a coil 211
for actuating the power-driven ventilator 7 (Fig. 1), a relay
with a coil 212 for actuating the rotor-speed selector 10
(Fig. 1) and a relay with a coil 213 operative upon comple-
tion of the starting of the installation.
A feed circuit for the coil 206 of said automatic-
start relay incorporates a make contact of said push-button
switch "start" 205 and a make contact 2021 of the relay for
permitting the start-up of the installation. The make con-
tact 2021 forms the first output 74 of the control unit 49
tFig. 2).
A make contact 2061 of said automatic-start relay
is connected in parallel with said contacts 205 and 2021, and
- 49 -
- . ~ -, :
23
a break contact 2131 of the relay operative upon completion of
the installation start-up is connected in series with the con-
tacts 205, 2021 and 2061.
A feed circuit for the coil 207 of said relay for
preparing the startin~ of the oil pump 8 (Fig. 1) incorporates
a make contact 2062 of the automatic-start relay, a make con-
tact 2071 of this relay for preparing the oil pump starting
connected in parallel with the contact 2062, and a break con-
tact 2081 of the time relay for stopping the oil pump 8 con-
nected in series with the contact 2062 and 2071. A corres- -
ponding make contact (not shown in Fig. 4) of the relay opera-
tive for preparing the oil pump 8 for starting forms the
seventh output 148 (Fig. 2) of the start-up control unit 72.
A feed circuit for the coil 208 of said time relay
for stopping the oil pump 8 incorporates a make contact 80
of the sensor 80 responsive to position of the valve 29
(Fig. 1), which contact is closed upon closure of this valve,
and a make contact 2391 connected in series with the contact
801 .
A feed circuit for the coil 209 of said relay for
controlling the oil pump 8 incorporates a make contact 2072
of the relay for preparing the oil pump starting, and a break
contact 841 of the sensor 84 responsive to rotational speed
:
~- of the rotor, which contact is opened as the rotor rotational
frequency reaches the value roughly equal to the synchronizing
frequency of the generator 6, the contacts 2072 and 841 being
~ connected in series. A make contact of the relay unit for
`~ controLling the oil pump 8 is the first output 85 of the
start-up unit 72.
` 30 A feed circuit for the coil 210 of the relay for
~;~ actuating the electric drive 30 to open the valve 29 incor-
porates a make contact 761 of the sensor 76 (Fig. 2) responsive
- 50 -
- ~
to oil pressure in the oiling system of the gas turbine 1,
which contact is closed while the oil pressure is within its
operative limits, and a make contact 2063 of the automatic-
start relay, both contacts 761 and 2063 being connected in
series.
A corresponding make contact (not shown in Fig. 4)
of the relay for actuating the electric drive 30 to open the
valve 29 forms the second output 86 (Fig. 2) of the start-up
control unit 72.
A feed circuit 211 of said relay for actuating the
ventilator 7 (Fig. 1) incorporates a make contact 791 of the ;;~
sensor 79 (Fig. 2) responsive to position of the valve 29 -~
(Fig. 1), which contact is closed upon the opening of said
valve, a make contact (not shown in Fig. 4) of this relay for
actuating the ventilator 7 forms the third output 87 of the ~ -
start-up control unit 72. A coil 212 of the relay for actu-
ating the rotor-speed selector 10 (Fig. 1), a make contact 82
of the sensor 82 (Fig. 2) responsive to air pressure in the
cooling system of the electric generator 6, which contact is
closed as the air pressure is within its operative limits, and
a break contact 2132 of the relay operative upon completion of
the turbine starting are connected in series with each other
:-
and in parallel with the coil 211. A corresponding make con-
~;~ tact (not shown in Fig. 4) of the relay for actuating the
,, .:~
`~; rotor-speed selector 10 forms the fourth output 88 of the
~ start-up control unit 72.
- A feed circuit for the coil 213 of said relay opera-
- tive upon completion of the installation starting incorporates
~ a break contact 2091 of the relay for controlling the oil
; 30 pump 8, a make contact 2121 for actuating the rotor-speed
selector 10, connected in series with the contact 2091, and a
make contact 2133 of this starting-completion relay, connected
,,
- 51 -
in parallel with the contacts 2091 and 2122.
Make contacts (not shown in Fig. 4) of the starting-
completion relay form the fifth and sixth outputs 89 and 93
of the start-up control unit 72.
Reference is now made to Fig. 5, illustrating a
schematic circuit diagram of said synchronizing control unit
91, which comprises a relay-repeater with a coil 214 for a
signalling and interlocking contact 95 (Fig. 2) of the switch
13 (Fig. 1), a relay with a coil 215 for actuating the rotor-
speed selector 10 to increase rotational speed of the rotor,
a relay with a coil 216 for actuating said rotor-speed selec-
tor to reduce rotational speed of the rotor, and a relay-
repeater with a coil 217 for the sensor 97 (Fig. 2) responsive
to position of the rotor-speed selector 10.
A feed circuit for the coil 214 of the relay-
repeater for the signalling and interlocking contact 95 of
the switch 13 incorporates a make contact 2134 of the starting-
completion relay and a make signalling and interlocking con-
tact 95 of the switch 13.
Connected in series with said contact 2134, there is
a feed circuit for the coil 215 of the relay for actuating the
. l .
rotor-speed selector 10 to increase rotational speed of the
rotor incorporating a make contact 2141 of said relay-repeater
for the contact 95, a break contact 2161 of the relay for
actuating the rotor-speed selector 10 to reduce the rotor-
speed, and a break contact 2171 of the relay-repeater for the
sensor 97
A feed circuit for the coil 216 of said relay for
actuating the rotor-speed selector 10 to reduce rotational
speed of the rotor is connected in series with said c~ntacts
2134 and 2141 and incorporates a make contact 991 of the
;, sensor 99 (Fig. 2) responsive to rotational speed of the
~ - 52 -
2~
rotor, which contact is closed at the minimum speed thereof
at which the frequency of the generator 6 (Fig. 1) and that
of the power line still can be synchronized, and a make con-
tact 2172 of the relay-repeater for the sensor 97, the con-
tacts 991 and 2172 being connected in series.
A make contact 2162 of sald relay for actuating
the rotor-speed selector 10 to reduce rotational speed of
the rotor is connected in parallel with said make contact
2172 .
A make contact (not shown in Fig. 5) of the relay
; for actuating the rotor-speed selector 10 to increase the
rotor speed forms the first output 100 (Fig. 2), a make con-
tact (not shown in Fig. 5) of the relay for actuating the
rotor-speed selector to reduce the rotor speed forms the
second output 101 (Fig. 2), and a make contact (also not
shown in Fig. 5) of the relay-repeater for the signalling and
interlocking contact 95 of the switch 13 forms the third out-
put 104 (Fig. 2) of the synchronizing control unit 91.
A feed circuit for the coil 217 of said relay-
repeater for the sensor 97 incorporates a make contact 971
of this sensor, which is closed as the rotor-speed selector
10 is shifted to its extreme position for increased rota-
tional speed of the rotor of the gas turbine 1.
Referring now to Fig. 6, said load-increase control
unit 102, shown in Fig. 2, comprises a relay for increasing
the installation load.
This relay has a coil 218 whose feed circuit incor-
porates a make contact 2142 of the relay-repeater for the
contact 95 (Fig. 2) of the switch 13 (Fig. 1), a break
contact 1061 of the sensor 106 (Fig. 2) responsive to furnace-
gas flow rate, which contact is opened as the rate of gas
flow through the gas turbine 1 (Fig. 1) reaches its maximum
~ .
~.f~ O - 53 -
value with the gas heater 20 being inoperative, and a break
contact 972 of the sensor 97 (Fig. 2) responsive to position
.
of the rotor-speed selector 10 (Fig. 1), which contact is
opened as the selector is shifted to its extreme position for
increased load, all these contacts being connected in series.
Make contacts (not shown in Fig. 6) of said load-increase
relay form the first and second outputs 108 and 111 (Fig. 2)
i of the load-increase control unit 102.
Reference is now made to Fig. 7 illustrating a
schematic circuit diagram of said gas-heating control unit
109, which comprises a push-button switch 219 for releasing
the gas heater 20 (Fig. 1) from its protections, an auxiliary
relay with a coil 220, a relay with a coil 221 for controlling
the furnace-gas flow rate, a relay with a coil 222 for start-
ing the gas heater 20, a relay with a coil 223 for actuating
the ignitor 21 (Fig. 1), a time relay with a coil 224 for
switching off the ignitor 21, a relay with a coil 225 for
switching off the ignitor 21, a relay with a coil 226 for
controlling the gas temperature at the outlet of the ignitor '
` 20 21, a relay with a coil 227 for actuating the electric drive
~`......................................................................... .
~ 42 to open the valve 41 (Fig. 1), a time relay with a coil
.~
~ 228 for starting the gas heater 20, a relay with a coil 229
~.
operative upon completion of the gas-heater starting, a relay
with a coil 230 for controlling the minimum flow rate of gas,
~` a relay with a coil 231 for changing over the electric
~;' " `
generator to motor operation, a relay with a coil 232 for
` actuating the electric drive 42 to close the valve 41, and a
relay with a coil 233 for shutting down the gas heater 20.
A feed circuit for the coil 220 of said auxiliary
relay incorporates a make contact 2181 of the load-increase
relay, a make contact 2201 of this auxiliary relay connected
in parallel with the contact 2181, and a break contact 2383
X - 54 -
forming the fifth output 167 of the shut-down control unit
146.
A feed circuit for the coil 221 of said relay for
controlling the furnace-gas flow rate incorporates a make
contact 1151 of the sensor 115 (Fig. 2) responsive to the
3 flow rate of gas which contact is closed while the rate flow
of gas passing through the turbine 1 is within its specified
limits.
A feed circuit for the coil 222 of said relay for
starting the gas heater 20 incorporates a make contact 2202
of the auxiliary relay, a make contact 2211 of the relay for
controlling the furnace-gas flow rate, a make contact 2012 of
the relay for permitting the gas heater starting, these three
;` contacts being connected in series, a make contact 2221 of
this gas-heater starting relay connected in parallel with the
contacts 2202, 2211, and 2012, a break contact 2291 of the
relay operative upon completion of the gas heater starting,
and a break contact 2331 of the gas heater shut-down relay,
both contacts 2291 and 2331 being connected in series with
one another and with all the preceding contacts. Two make
contacts (not shown in Fig. 7) of the gas-heater starting
relay form the first and second outputs 124 and 125 (Fig. 2)
of the gas-heating control unit 109.
A feed circuit for the coil 223 of said ignitor actu-
ating relay incorporates a make contact 2222 of the gas-heater
starting relay and a break contact 2251 of the ignitor
switching-off relay connected in series with the contact 2222.
The coil 224 of the ignitor switching-off time relay is connec-
ted in parallel with the coil 223 of the ignitor switching-on
relay, a make contact of the latter (not shown in Fig. 7)
forming the fourth output 127 of the gas-heating control unit
109 .
~ - 55 -
-, , ., , ~, :
2;~
A feed circuit for the coil 225 of said ignitor
switching-oEf relay incorporates a make contact 2241 oi~ the
ignitor switching-off time relay, a make contact 2252 of this
ignitor switching-off relay, and a break contact 2332 of the
gas-heater shut-down relay, the contacts 2252 and 2332 being
connected in series to one another and in parallel with the
contact 2241.
A feed circuit for the coil 226 of said relay for
controlling the gas temperature at the ignitor outlet incor-
porates a make contact 1171 of the sensor 117 (Fig. 2)
responsive to gas temperature at the ignitor outlet, which
contact is opened as the gas temperature exceeds its specified
j lower limit corresponding to the gas ignition point.
`~ A feed circuit Eor the coil 227 of said relay for
actuating the electric drive 42 to open the valve 41 incor-
porates series-connected contacts, namely, a make contact
2261 of the gas-temperature control relay, a make contact
',5i'' 2253 of the ignitor switching-off relay, and a break contact
2311 of the generator-to-motor changeover relay. A make con-
-~ 20 tact (not shown in Fig. 7) of this relay for actuating the
electric drive 42 to open the valve 41 forms the third output
12~ (Fig. 2) of the control unit 109.
. . ,
~ ' A Eeed circuit for the coil 228 of said time relay
`~i ' for the gas-heater starting incorporates a make contact 119
of the sensor 119 (Fig. 2) responsive to position of the
valve 41, which contact is closed upon the opening of this
valve, and a break contact 2292 of the gas-heater starting
completion relay connected in series with the contact 1191.
A feed circuit for the coil 229 of said relay opera-
tive upon completion of the starting cycle of the gas heater
20 incorporates a make contact 2281 of the time relay for the
gas-heater starting, a make contact 2293 of this gas-heater
X - 56 -
~q~3
starting completion relay connected in parallel with the con-
tact 2281, a break contact 2333 of the gas-heater shut-down
relay, and a break contact 2312 of the generator-to-motor
changeover relay, these contacts 2333 and 2312 being connected
in series with each other and with the contacts 2281 and
2293. Two break contacts (not shown in Fig. 7~ of the gas-
heater starting completion relay ~orm the fifth output 128 ~ ~
and the eleventh output 138 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 109. !'
i A feed circuit for the coil 230 of said relay for
controlling the minimum flow rate of blast-furnace gas incor-
~' porates a break contact 1211 of the sensor 121 (Fig. 2)
7 responsive to gas flow rate, which contact is opened as the
rate of gas flow through the gas turbine 1 drops to its
minimum valve at which the delivery of air to the gas heater
~ 20 is stopped.
i!~ A feed circuit for the coil 231 of said generator-
.i
to-motor changeover relay incorporates a make contact 2301 of
, the minimum gas-flow rate control relay, a make contact 2313
of this generator-to-motor changeover relay, a break contact
,.:.
2212 of the furnace-gas flow rate control relay, these con-
tacts 2313 and 2212 being connected in series with each other
~` and in parallel with the contact 2301, and a break contact
` 2203 of the auxiliary relay connected in series with the con-
` tacts 2301, 221, and 2313.
A feed circuit 232 of said relay for actuating the
electric drive 42 to close the valve 41 incorporates a make
contact 2314 of the generator-to-motor changeover relay and
a make contact 2334 of the gas-heater shut-down relay connected
in parallel with the contact 2314. A make contact (not shown
in Fig. 7) of this relay for actuating the electric drive 42
; to close the valve 41 forms the eighth output 131 of the
control unit 109.
A 57
Z~ `
A feed circuit 233 of the relay for shutting down
the gas heater 20 incorporates a break contact 2262 of the
relay for controlling the gas temperature at the outlet of
the ignitor 21 (Fig. 1), a make contact 2254 of the ignitor
switching-off relay connected in series with the contact 2262,
a make contact 271 of the sensor 27 (Fig. 2? responsive to the
furnace gas temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine 1,
which contact, connected in parallel with the contacts 2262
and 2254, is closed as the gas temperature reaches its maxi-
mum limit value at which the gas heater 20 is shut down, a
break contact 272 vf the sensor 27, which contact is closed
the gas temperature drops to its minimum limit at which the - i
gas heater 20 is shut down, a make contact 2294 of the gas-
~5 heater starting completion relay, the contacts 272 and 2294
, .,
being connected in series with each other and in parallel
with the contact 271, a make contact 2403 forming the seventh
output 169 of the shut-down control unit 146 (Fig. 2), which
: contact is connected in parallel with the contacts 272 and
2294, a make contact 2302 of the relay for controlling the
minimum furnace-gas flow rate, a make contact 2384 forming
the sixth output 168 of the shut-down control unit 146, the
; contacts 2302 and 2384 being connected in series with each
other and in parallel with the contact 2403, and a make contact
2335 of this gas-heater shut-down relay connected in parallel
with the contacts 2302 and 2384. A make contact of said push-
button switch 219 is connected in series with the contacts
2262, 2254, 271, 272, 2294, 2403, 2384, 2302, and 2335.
Three make contacts (not shown in Fig. 7) of the relay for
shutting down the gas heater 20 form the sixth, seventh, and
tenth outputs 129, 130, and 137, and one break contact forms
the ninth output 136 (Fig. 2) of the gas-heating control unit
109 .
A - 58 -
~p~ 23
:;
Referring now to Fig. 8, said control unit 132 for
changing over the regulator 12 (Fig. 1) of gas pressure under
; the top of the blast furnace 5 comprises a relay with a coil
234 for the changeover regulator 12, and a relay with a coil
235 for reducing load of the turbine 1.
- A feed circuit for the coil 234 of said regulator
changeover relay incorporates a make contact 1411 of the
sensor 141 (Fig. 2) responsive to the blast-furnace gas
temperature at the inlet of the gas turbine 1, which contact
is closed as the gas temperature reaches its minimum value
at which the regulator 12 still can be switched over to the
input of the rotor-speed regulating system 9, a break contact
2336 of the gas-heater shut-down relay, and a break contact
2385 forming the eighth output 173 (Fig. 2) of the shut-down
control relay 146, these contacts 1141, 2336, and 2385 being
series-connected. Make contacts (not shown in Fig. 8) of
this regulator changeover relay form the first and second
outputs 142 and 143 (Fig. 2~ of the changeover control unit
132.
A feed circuit for the coil 235 of said load-
reducing relay incorporates a make contact 2337 of the gas-
heater shut-down relay, a break contact 2295 of the gas-
heater starting completion relay, and a make contact 1062
of the sensor 106 (Fig. 2) responsive to gas flow rate, which
contact is closed as the rate of gas flow through the turbine
1 reaches its maximum possible value without the gas heater
20 being operative, the contacts 1062 and 2295 being connected
in series with each other and in parallel with the contact 2337
A make and a break contacts (not shown in Fig. 8) of this
load-reducing relay form, respectively, the third and fourth
outputs 144 and 145 (Fig. 2) of the changeover control unit 132.
Reference is now made to Fig. 9, illustrating a
- 59 -
~1~3$~3
schematic circuit diagram of said shut-down control unit 146,
shown in Fig. 2, which comprises a push-button switch 236 for
stopping the installation, a push-button switch 237 for
releasing the installation from its protections, a shut-down
relay with a coil 238, a relay with a coil 239 for disconnec-
ting the electric generator 6 from the power line (Fig. 1),
and an emergency shut-down relay with a coil 240.
A feed circuit for the coil 238 of said shut-down
relay incorporates a make contact 236 of the push-button
switch for stopping the installation, a make contact 2073 of
the relay operative for preparing the oil pump starting, a
make contact 2381 of this shut-down relay, and a make contact
2401 of the emergency shut-down relay, the contacts 2073 and
2381 being connected in series with each other and in parallel
with the contact 236, the contact 2401 being connected in
parallel with the contact 2381.
The contact 2382 (see Fig. 4) of the shut-down
relay is connected, respectively to the feed circuits of the
coils 206 of the automatic-start relay and 213 of the instal-
lation starting completion relay, and forms the first output161 (Fig. 2) o~ the shut-down control unit 146. A make con-
tact (not shown in Fig. 9) of the shut-down relay forms the
fourth output 166 (Fig. 2) of the unit 146. Another break
~' contact 2383 (see Fig. 7) of this relay is connected to the
' feed circuit of the coil 220 of the auxiliary re~ay in the
control unit 109 and makes up the fifth output 167 of the
~- shut-down control unit 146. Another make contact 2384 (see
Fig. 7) of this shut-down relay is connected in series with
said contact 2302 in the feed circuit for the coil 233 of the
gas-heater shut-down relay and forms the sixth output 168
(Fig. 2) of the shut-down control unit 146. Another break
contact 2385 (see Fig~ 8) o~ this shut-down relay is connected
r
- 60 -
. - .
in series with said contacts 1411, and 2336 in the feed cir-
cuit for the coil 234 of the regulator changeover relay and
forms the eighth output 173 (Fig. 2) of the shut-down control
unit 146. Another make contact (not shown in Fig. 9) of the -;~
shut-down relay form the tenth output 178 (Fig. 1) of the
shut-down control unit 146.
A feed circuit for the coil 239 of said relay for
disconnecting the electric generator 6 from the power line
incorporates a make contact 2386 of the shut-down relay and a ~ ~
make contact 652 of the sensor 65 (Fig. 2~ responsive to posi- ~ -
tion of the closing diaphragm gate 3 (Fig. 1), which contact
is closed upon closure of this gate, both contacts 2386 and
652 being connected in series. One make contact 2391 (see
Fig. 4) is connected in series with said contact 801 in the
coil 208 of the oil pump shut-down time relay, forming the
second output 162 (Fig. 2) of the shut-down control unit 146.
Another break contact (not shown in Fig. 9) forms the ninth
` output 175 (Fig. 2) of the shut-down control unit 146.
... ..
~ A feed circuit for the coil 240 of the emergency
; 20 shut-down relay incorporates a make contact 1511 of the sensor
~` 151 (Fig. 2) responsive to rotational speed of the rotor,
. ;" :~ .
which contact is closed as the rotor speed reaches its maxi-
,. ~
;~ mum limit, a make contact 273 of the second sensor 27 (Fig.
2) responsive to the blast-furnace gas temperature at the
inlet of the gas turbine 1, a make contact 1581 of the sensor
158 (Fig. 2) responsive to the maximum temperature of the gas-
~-~ turbine bearings and the electric-generator bearings, a make
contact 1601 of the sensor 160 (Fig. 2) responsive to the
maximum vibration of the gas-turbine and electric-generator
bearings, a make contact 2402 of this emergency shut-down
relay, a make contact 1531 of the sensor 153 (Fig. 2) respon-
sive to oil pressure in the oiling system, which contact is
X - 61 -
,
z~ ` :
closed as the oil pressure drops to its lower limit, and a
break contact 1551 of the sensor 155 (Fig. 2) responsive to
position of the valve 29, which contact is opened upon
opening of said valve, said contacts 153, and 1551 being
connected in series with one another and in parallel with
the contacts 1511, 273, 1581, 1601 and 2402, which are connec-
ted in parallel with each other, a break contact of said
push-~utton switch 237 being connected in series with each
of said contacts. The make contact 2403 (see Fig. 7) of
the emergency shut-down relay is incorporated in the feed
~; circuit of the coil 233 of the gas-heater shut-down relay in
sexies therewith and forms the seventh output 169 (Fig. 2) of
the shut-down control unit 146. Another make contact (not
shown in Fig. 9) of the emergency shut-down relay forms the
; ; ,
` third output 165 (Fig. 2) of the shut-down control unit 146.
Referring now to Fig. 10, said control unit 176 for
~,, .
:'~ filling and emptying the installation, shown in Fig. 2,
. ~ !
includes a switch 241 for actuating the filling and emptying
~ with contacts 2411, 2412, and 2413, and a relay with a coil
`~; 20 242 for actuating the electric drive 30 of the valve 29
(Fig. 1).
~; A feed circuit for the coil 242 incorporates a
make contact 2387 of the shut-down relay, which contact forms
the tenth output 178 (Fig. 2) of the shut-down control unit
146. A make contact (not shown in Fig. 10) of this valve-
actuating relay forms the second output 194 of the control
unit 176.
This control unit 176 also has a relay with a coil
243 operative upon closure of the valve 29. A feed circuit
for the coil 243 incorporates a make contact 802 of the
sensor 80 (Fig. 2) responsive to position of said valve 29,
which contact is closed upon closure thereof. The control unit
- 62 -
176 further has a relay with a coil 244 operative upon the
opening of the valve 35 (Fig. 1), a feed circuit for the coil
244 incorporating a make contact 1831 of the sensor 183
(Fig. 2) responsive to position of said valve 35, which con-
tact is closed upon opening thereof. The control unit 176
has a rela~ with a coil 245 operative upon closure of the ~
valve 38 (Fig. 1), a feed circuit for the coil 245 incorporat-
- ing a make contact 1861 of the sensor 186 (Fig. 2) responsive r
to position of said valve 38, which contact is closed upon
closure thereof.
The control unit 176 also includes a relay with a
` coil 246 for actuating the electric drive 36 to close the
valve 35 (Fig. 1), a relay with a coil 247 for actuating the
electric drive 33 to open the valve 32 (Fig. 1), and a relay
with a coil 248 for actuating the electric drive 39 to open
the valve 38 (Fig. 1).
A feed circuit for the coil 246 incorporates a
make contact 2431 of the relay operative upon closure of the
valve 29 and a make contact 2411 of the switch 241 (not shown
in Fig. 10) which is closed in the "emptying" position
thereof, both contacts 2431 and 2411 being connected in
series. A make contact 1821 of the sensor 182 (Fig. 2)
responsive to position of the valve 35, which contact is
closed upon closure thereof, and the coil 247 of the relay
for actuating the electric drive 33 to open the valve 32 are
connected in series with said contact 2411. A make contact
1911 o~ the sensor 191 (Fig. 2) responsive to position of the
valve 32, which contact is closed upon opening thereof, and
the coil 248 of the relay for actuating the electric drive 39
to open the valve 38 are connected in series with one another
and in parallel with the contact 1821 and the coil 247. A
make contact tnot shown in Fig. 10) of said relay for
- 63 -
~9,
,Z~
actuating the electric drive 36 to close the valve 35 forms
the third output 195 ~Fig. 2), a make contact (not shown in
Fig. 10) of said relay for actuating the electric drive 33 to
open the valve 32 forms the eighth output 200 (Fig. 2), and
a make contact (also not shown in Fig. 10~ of said relay for
actuating the electric drive 39 to open the valve 38 forms -;~
the seventh output 199 (Fig. 2~ of the control unit 176.
~ The control unit 176 includes a time relay with a
; coil 249 for emptying the installation. A feed circuit for
the coil 249 incorporates a make contact 1871 of the sensor
187 (Fig. 2) responsive to position of the valve 38, which
contact is closed upon opening thereof. ;
The control unit 176 also includes a relay with a
coil 250 for actuating the electric drives 39 and 33 to close
the valves 38 and 32. A feed circuit for the coil 250
incorporates a make contact 2412 of the switch 241, which is
closed in the neutral position thereof, a make contact 2491
of said time relay for emptying the installation, connected
in series with said contact 241, and a make contact 2441 of
the relay operative upon the opening of the valve 35, which
contact is connected in parallel with the contact 2491. Make
contacts (not shown in Fig. 10~ of this relay for actuating
the electric drives 39 and 33 to close the valves 38 and 32
form the fourth and the fifth outputs 196 and 197 (Fig. 2) of
the control unit 176.
Furthermore, the control unit 176 has a relay with
a coil 251 for actuating the electric drive 36 to open the
valve 35. A feed circuit for the coil 251 incorporates a
make contact 2451 of the relay operative upon closure of the
valve 38, and a make contact 2413 of the switch 241, which is
closed in the "filling" position thereof, both contacts 245
and 2413 being connected in series. A make contact 2442 of
,~ ~.
~ 64 -
.,~C
~.
~$~3
.
the relay operative upon the opening of the valve 35 and the
coil 247 of the relay for actuating the electric drive 33 of
the valve 32 are connected in series with said contact 2413.
A make contact (not shown in Fig. 103 of the relay for actu-
ating the electric drive 36 to open the valve 35 forms the
sixth output 198 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 176.
The control unit 176 also has an output relay with
a coil 252 whose feed circuit incorporates series-connected
contacts, namely, a make contact 2432 of the relay operative
upon closure of the valve 29, a make contact 2443 of the
relay operative upon the opening of the valve 35, a make
contact 2452 of the relay operative upon closure of the valve
38, and a make contact 1901 of the sensor 190 (Fig. 2)
responsive to position of the valve 32, which contact is
closed upon closure thereof. The make contact 2521 (see
Fig. 3) of this output relay is connected to the feed circuit
for the coil 202 of the relay operative for permitting the
installation start-up in series with this coil 202 and with
the contact 2011. This contact 2521 makes up the first out-
put 192 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 176 for filling and
emptying the installation.
The automatic control system according to the inven-
tion operates as follows.
Initially, the system is actuated only if each of
the sensors 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 and 71
(see Fig. 2), responsive to the respective operational condi-
tion of the installation, has been in a position indicative
of its readiness to starting. Here, the output relay of the
control unit 176 emits a signal indicative of that the
installation is filled with blast-furnace gas, which is
applied to the input 193 of the control unit 49. This control
unit having operated, the input 73 of the control unit 72 and
- 65 -
2~
the input 112 of the control unit 109 receive signals permit-
ting the start-up thereof, i.e. the relay coils 201 and 202
(Fig. 3) become energized and pick-up their respective con-
tacts 2021 (Fig. 4) in the control unit 72 (Fig. 2) and 2012
(Fig. 7) in the control unit 109 (Fig. 2).
The control unit 72 is started up manually by
depressing the push-button switch 205 "start" (Fig. 4). The
relay with the coil 206 thereby becomes operative and latches
itself until the completion of the gas turbine starting,
simultaneously closing its contact 2062 in the feed circuit
of the relay with the coil 207, which latches itself until
the shut-down of the installation. This relay through its
contact 2072 actuates the relay with the coil 209, which
starts up the oil pump 8 (Fig. 2). This creates pressure in
~; the oiling system which, on reaching some value within
specified operative limits, causes the sensor 76 to close its
contact 761 (Fig. 4), placed in the feed circuit of the relay
with the coil 210. Said relay with the coil 210 actuates
the electric drive 30 (Fig. 2) of the valve 29 in the conduit
31. The valve 29 is opened, and blast-furnace gas is
delivered to the installation. Upon completion of this opera-
tion, the sensor 79 closes its contact 791' placed in the
feed circuit of the relay with the coil 211. The coil 211
becomes energized and actuates the ventilator 7 (Fig. 2) in
the cooling system of the electric generator 6 (Fig. 1).
This creates pressure in the air-cooling system which is
sensed by the sensor 82, whose contact 821 becomes closed.
The closure of the contacts 821, which is placed in the feed
circuit of relay with the coil 212, energizes it and thereby
actuates the rotor-speed selector 10 (Fig. 2) to increase
rotational speed of the rotor of the gas turbine 1 (Fig. 1).
Simultaneously, the contact 2121 (Fig. 4) is picked up by said
- 66 -
relay to prepare the respective feed circuit for actuating
the relay with the coil 213. The rotor-speed selector 10
acts on the closing diaphragm gate 3 and the control diaphragm
gate 2 (Fig. 1~ so as to increase the rotor ~;peed. As the
rotor rotational frequency reaches its value which is roughly
equal to the electric-generator frequency, the sensor 84
responsive to rotational speed of the rotor opens its contact
841, placed in the feed circuit of the relay with the coil
209.
The relay renders inoperative the electric pump 8
(Fig. 2) and through its contact 2091 (Fig. 4) actuates the
relay with the coil 213, which produces a signal indicative
of the completion of the gas-turbine starting, actuates the
synchronizing device 14 (Fig. 2), locks itself in until the
installatlon shut-down, and through its contacts 2131 and
2132 (Fig. 4) disconnects the relays with the coils 206 and
212. On becoming de-energized, the relay with the coil 212
terminates speeding-up of the rotor through the rotor-speed
selector 10 and sends a signal which is applied to the input
` 20 92 of the synchronizing control unit 91 for actuation thereof.
Simultaneously, the contact 2134 (Fig. 5), placed
in the feed circuits of the relays with the coils 214 and
215, is closed, and the relay with the coil 215 actuates the
rotor-speed selector 10 for increasing rotational speed of
the rotor. When the electric-generator frequency hecomes
equal to the power-line freqLlency, the device 14 through the
switch 13 (Fig. 1) connects the electric generator 6 (Fig. 1)
to the power line. To effect this, the signalling and inter-
locking contact 95 of the switch 13, placed in the feed
circuit of the relay with the coil 214, becomes closed and
emits a signal which is applied to the input 94 (Fig. 2) of
the control unit 91. Said relay with the coil 214 is thereby
X - 67 -
actuated and through its contact 2141 breaks the feed circuits
of the relays with the coils 215 and 216.
If the synchronization has not occurred, the rotor-
speed selector 10 is shifted to its extreme position for
increased rotor speed. In this case, the contact 971 (Fig~ 5)
of the sensor 97 is closed, whereupon the relay with the coil
217 is actuated and through its contact 2171 de-energizes the
relay with the coil 215 and through its contact 2172 actuates
the relay with the coil 216. The latter actuates the rotor-
speed selector 10 to reduce rotational speed of the rotor to
a value at which the synchronization is still possible. The `
contact 991 of the sensor 99 is opened. The relay with t~e
coil 216 becomes de-energized thereby to terminate the rotor
slowing-down through the rotor-speed selector 10.
The selector 10 is actuated to increase and reduce
rotational speed of the rotor in its limits wherein the
synchronization is possible until it is reached, whereupon
the signalling and interlocking contact 95 is closed. That
develops a signal which is directed from the output 104 of
the control unit 91 to the input 103 of the control unit 102
for actuation thereof.
The contact 2142 (Fig. 6) in the feed circuit of
the relay with the coil 218 is closed, and the rotor-speed
selector 10 is actuated for load increase.
The selector 10 (see Fig. 1) opens the control
diaphragm gate 3 for increasing the flow rate of gas passing
through the turbine 1.
The input 110 (Fig. 2) of the gas-heating control
unit 109 receives a signal from the output 111 of the control
unit 102 to permit actuation of said control unit 109. When
the rate of gas flow through the gas turbine 1 reaches its
maximum permissible value at which the gas heater 20 is not
rr ~
f~
- 68 -
started yet, the contact 1061 of the sensor 106 is opened.
At this, the relay, coil 21~, becomes de-energized and
disconnects the rotor-speed selector 10.
The control unit 109 is actuated automatically as
the flow rate of gas passing through the gas turbine reaches
its value at which the gas heater 20 must be started. The
input 114 (Fig. 2) o~ the control unit 109 then receives a
signal from the sensor 115 responsive to gas flow rate. The
relays, coils 220 and 221, in the control unit 109 become
energized, and through the contacts 2202, 2212 and 2012 the
relay with the coil 222 become actuated. This relay locks
itself in until the gas-heater starting has been completed
or the gas heater has been shut down. The control unit 109
emits, through its outputs 124 and 125 (Fig. 2), signals to
open the valves 43 and 46 (Fig. 1), whereupon air and gaseous
fuel are delivered to the ignitor 21. At the same time, the
relay with the coil 223 is actuated through the contact 2222
(Fig. 7), actuating the ignitor 21 (Fig. 2) and the time
relay with the coil 224. The gaseous fuel is ignited. If
the ignition fails to occur, a protective system for the gas
heater 20 is operated, which is described hereafter. Other-
wise, the sensor 117 responsive to the temperature of gas at
the outlet of the ignitor 21 (Fig. 1) closes its contact 117
when the gas temperature exceeds its minimum value corres-
ponding to the gas ignition point. As a result, the relay,
coil 226, is actuated. After timing out, the time relay,
coil 224, picks up its contact 2241 and through it actuates
the relay, coil 225. This relay breaks its contact 2251 and
thereby disconnects the relay, coil 223, and the ignitor 21.
The relay, coil 227, becomes operative through the contacts
` 2261 and 2253 and actuates the electric drive 42. The latter
opens the valve 41 (Fig. 1), which allows the air for igniting
~7
- 69 -
.. . . . .
2~
blast-furnace gas to pass into the gas heater 20, whereupon
the blast-furnace gas is ignited. After the opening of the
valve 41 has been completed, the contact 1191 (Fig. 7) of
the sensor 119 becomes closed and energizes the coil 228.
After timing out, the time relay, coil 228, through its
contact 2281 actuates the relay, coil 229, which develops a
signal indicative of the completion of the gas-heater start-
ing and actuates the regulator 23 of the blast-furnace gas
temperature ahead of the gas turbine 1. At this time, the
relays with the coils 222 and 228 become de-energized. If `~
the ignition of blast-furnace gas fails to occur, the protec-
tive system for the gas heater 20 is operated as described
hereafter.
Operation of the gas heater 20 results in increased
gas temperature ahead of the gas turbine 1, whereas the tem-
perature regulator 23, when actuated, sets up the gas tempera-
ture there at its optimal value. The input 140 of the
changeover control unit 132 receives a signal from the sensor
141 for actuation thereof. The closure of the sensor contact
1411 (Fig. 8) actuates the relay, coil 234, which switches
over the pressure regulator 12 (Fig. 2) through the input-
signal converter 11 to the input of the rotor-speed regulat-
ing system 9 and actuates the rotor-speed selector 10 to
increase the rotor speed up to its maximum value. Here, the
sensor 97 opens its contact 972 thereby excluding repeated
actuation of the load-increase control unit 102 during a
temporary changeover of the blast furnaces 5 (Fig. 1) to
operation at reduced gas pressure therein.
During the above-mentioned temporary changeover of
the blast furnace 5 to operation at reduced gas pressure,
the rate of gas flow through the turbine 1 drops, and the
electric generator 6 is changed over to another operating
- 70 -
~` .,
.
2~
mode, functioning as an electric motor. At this time, the
sensor 121 closes its contact 1211 (Fig. 8), the relay with
, the coil 230 becomes operative and picks up its contact 230
to actuate the relay, coil 231, which, upon energization,
~ latches itself and actuates the relay with the coil 232. The
! latter actuates the electric drive 42 (Fig. 2) to close the
valve 41, whereupon the delivery of air to the gas heater 20
for burning the blast-furnace gas therein is shut off.
Simultaneously, the relay, coil 229, is disconnected through
the opening of the contact 2312 (Fig. 8) and the temperature
regulator 23 (Fig. 1) is shut down.
The temperature of blast-furnace gas ahead of the
gas turbine 1 then decreases. The sensor 141 breaks its con-
tact 1411 (Fig. 8), which de-energizes the relay, coil 234.
This relay switches over the pressure regulator 12 from the
rotor-speed regulating system 9 to the input of the throttle
device 4 for opening thereof.
The input 135 of the control unit 132 receives a
signal from the output 138 of the control unit 109, whereupon
the contact 2295 (Fig. 8) is closed and thus prepares the
feed circuit of the relay with the coil 235 for actuation
thereof.
After the ~last furnace 5 has been changed over to
its normal operation, the flow rate of gas passing through
~; the gas turbine 1 increases, causing the sensor 106 responsive
to gas flow rate to close its contact 1062 (Fig. 8). The
relay, coil 235, becomes energized and acts through the
input-signals converter 11 on the rotor-speed regulating
system so as to reduce the flow rate of gas as much as
possible to a value at which operation without the gas heater
20 is still permissible.
An increase in the rate flow of gas through the gas
-
71
2~
.,
turbine 1 is also sensed by the sensor 115, which closes its
contact 1151 (Fig. 7), whereby the relay with the coil 221 ~;
becomes operative and disconnects through its contact 221
the relay with the coil 231. The relay, coil 227, is then
actuated through the contact 2311 and actuates the electric
drive 42 to open the valve 41 (Fig. 1). The air for burning
blast-furnace gas is fed into the gas heater 20. The tempera-
ture regulator 23 is then actuated~ The signal to the input
135 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 132 is interrupted, the
contact 2295 (Fig. 8) is opened and the relay, coil 235, de-
energized.
As the optimal temperature of gas ahead of the gas
turbine 1 is reached, the pressure regulator 12 is switched
over to the input of the rotor-speed regulating system 9.
The control system provides for the following pro-
tections for the gas heater 20 to shut it down.
If the high-grade gaseous fuel fails to burn, there ~ ~-
is no signal from the gas-temperature sensor 117 (Fig. 2).
The relays with the coils 226 and 227 (Fig. 7) are de-
energized, and the contact 2262 in the feed circuit of the
gas heater shut-down relay, coil 233, is closed.
If the temperature of blast-furnace gas ahead of
the gas turbine 1 drops below its specified minimum value so
that the gas fails to burn in the actuated gas heater 20, the
sensor 27 closes its contact 271 in the feed circuit of said
gas-heater shut-down relay, coil 233.
When the temperature of blast-furnace gas ahead of
the gas turbine 1 exceeds its specified maximum value, the
sensor 27 closes its contac~ 272 in the feed circuit of the
relay, coil 233.
The gas heater 20 is also shut down in case of
emergency. At this time, the input 172 (Fig. 2) of the
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~q3~3P~3
control unit 109 receives a signal whereby the contact 2403
(Fig. 7) is closed. ;-
A regulator stopping of the gas heater 20 takes
place only after the load of the gas turbine 1 has decreased.
At this time, the rate of gas flow through the gas turbine 1
drops whereupon the corresponding sensor 121 closes its con-
tact 1211. The relay with coil 230 is thus actuated to pick
up its contact 2302 in the feed circuit of said relay, coil
233. Simultaneously, the input 171 (Fig. 2) of the control
unit 109 receives a signal from the output 168 of the control
unit 146 whereby the contact 2384 in the feed circuit of said
relay, coil 233, is closed.
As a result, in either of the above situations, the
relay with the coil 233 becomes energized, locks itself in
and, through its contacts 2331, 2332 and 2333, disconnects
the feed circuits of the relays with the coils 222, 225 and
229. The relay with the coil 233 actuates the electric
drives 44 and 47 (Fig. 2) to close the valves 43 and 46 (Fig.
1), thereby stopping the delivery of air and gaseous fuel to
the ignitor 21. The relay, coil 232, becomes energized
through the contact 2334 and actuates the electric drive 42
(Fig. 2) to close the valve 41 (Fig. 1) whereby air is shut
off from the gas heater 20. The regulator 23 of the tempera-
ture of gas ahead of the gas turbine 1 is disabled. The gas
heater 20 is then shut down, whereupon the inputs 133 and 134
of the control unit 132 receive correspGnding signals from
the outputs 136 and 137 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 109. The
contact 2336 (Fig. 8) is opened to de-energize the relay,
coil 234, which switches over the pressure regulator 12 from
the rotor-speed regulating system 9 to the input of the
throttle device 4 (Fig. 1) for its opening.
The relay, coil 235, becomes energized through the
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~ 3$~ ~3
contact 2337 (Fig. 8) and actuates th~ regulating system 9,
connected through the device 11 (Fig. 1), to partly close the
control diaphragm gate 2 for reduced load of the turbine 1.
The gas heater 20 is released from the above pro-
tections manually by depressing the push-button switch 219,
whose contact 219 (Fig. 7) is opened and disconnects the
relay, coil 233.
The shut-down control unit 146 (Fig. 2) is actuated
either manually by means of the push-button switch 236 (Fig.
9), or automatically by operation of one or several emergency
protections. When one of the working characteristics of the
gas turbine 1 (Fig. 1), checked by the sensors 27, 151, or
153 and 155 or 158, or 160, exceeds its specified limits, the
respective contact 273, or 1511, or 1531 and 1551, or 1~81, ! ;
or 1601 of these sensors incorporated in the feed circuit of
the relay, coil 240, is closed to actuate this relay, which
latches itself and through its contact 2401 actuates the
relay with the coil 238. The control unit 146 emits a signal
to actuate the rotor-speed regulating system 9 for rapid
closure of the control diaphragm gate 2 and the closing
diaphragm gate 3 of the gas turbine 1 (Fig. 1). The input
172 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 109 receives a signal to
shut down the gas heater 20, whereby the contact 2403 (Fig. 7)
is closed and actuates the relay, with the coil 233, said
relay disconnecting the gas heater 20.
The other operations are carried out in a manner
similar to that taking place after the normal shut-down of the
installation with the use of the push-button switch 236 (Fig.
9). The installation is released from the emergency protec-
tion manually by depressing the push-button switch 237,
whereby the contact 237 is opened to thereby de-energize the
relay with the coil 240.
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L2~ ~
As the push-button switch 236 is depressed for
shutting down the installation, the relay with the coil 238
is actuated and locks itself in until the oil pump 8 (Fig. 1)
is stopped, and actuates the rotor-speed selector 10 (Fig. 2)
to close the control and closing diaphragm gates 2 and 3 of
the turbine 1 (Fig. 1). Upon complete closure of the closing
diaphragm gate 3, the sensor 65 closes its contact 652 (Fig.
9) which actuates the relay with the coil 239, operating the
switch 13 (Fig. 2) to disconnect the electric generator 6
from the power line. The input 83 (Fig. 2) of the start-up
control unit 72, the inputs 170 and 171 of the gas-heating
control unit 109, the input 174 of the changeover control
~ unit 132, and the input 177 of the filling and emptying con-
j trol unit 176 receive signals from the outputs 161, 167, 168,
173 and 178 of the shut-up control unit 146. The contact
2382 (Fig. 4) is opened to disconnect the starting relays,
coils 206 and 213. The contact 2382 (Fig. 4) is opened to ~ -
disconnect the starting relays, coils 206 and 213. The con-
tact 2383 (Fig. 7) is opened whereby the feed circuits of the
relays actuating the gas heater 20 are disconnected. The
contact 2384 is closed in the feed circuit of the relay with
the coil 233, which shuts down the gas heater 20 after load
of the gas turbine 1 has decreased owing to a drop in the
flow rate of gas passing therethrough to its lower limit.
The contact 2385 (Fig. 8) is opened to disconnect the relay,
coil 234, which switches over the regulator 12 (Fig. 1) from
the regulating system 9 to the input of the throttle device
4 for its opening.
The filling and emptying control unit 176 (Fig. 2)
is actuated. Upon closure of the contact 2387 (Fig. 10), the
relay with the coil 242 becomes enérgized and actuates the
electric drive 30 (Fig. 2) to close the valve 29 in the
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2~
conduit for the delivery of blast furnace gas to the
installation. Upon completion of closure of the valve 29,
the sensor 80 closes its contacts 801 (Fig. 4), placed in
the feed circuit of the relay, coil 208, and 802 tFig. 10),
placed in the feed circuit of the relay, coil 243. This
latter relay becomes energized and picks up its contacts
2431 and 2432 to prepare the corresponding feed circuits for
actuating the relays with the coils 246 and 252.
After the electric g~nerator 6 (Fig. 1) has been
disconnected from the power line, the inputs 163 (Fig. 2) of
the control unit 72 receives a signal from the output 162 of
the control unit 146, whereby the contact 2391 (Fig. 4) is
closed and the time relay with the coil 208 is actuated.
After timing out, this time relay breaks its contact 2081
and so disables the relay with the coil 207. The contact
- 272 is then opened whereby the relay, coil 209, is de-
energized to stop the oil pump 8 (Fig. 1). The output 148
(Fig. 2) of the control unit 72 emits a signal which is
applied to the input 147 of the control unit 146. The con-
tact 2073 (Fig. 9) becomes opened and disables the shut-down
relay, coil 238.
When the installation needs to be opened after its
shut-down, it is first emptied of blast-furnace gas. The
emptying is initiated manually by means of the switch 241
(Fig. 10) which is shifted to its "opening" position.
The contact 2411 (Fig. 10) is then closed, the
relay with the coil 246 is energized to actuate the electric
drive 36 (Fig. 2) for opening the valve 35 (Fig. 1) in the
conduit 37 for the discharge of blast-furnace gas from the
installation.
As this operation is completed, the sensor 182
closes its contact 1821 (Fig. 10) whereby the relay, coil 247,
c~ 76 -
z~ ~
becomes energized and actuates the electric drive 33 (Fig. 2)
to open the valve 32 (Fig. 1) in the conduit 34 for the dis-
charge of the contaminated inert gas. As the opening of the
valve 32 is completed, the sensor 191 closes its contact 191
(Fig. 10), whereby the relay with the coil 248 is energized.
ll~is relay actuates the electric drive 39 (Fig. 2) to open
the valve 38 (Fig. 1) in the conduit 40 for the delivery of
inert gas to the installation. The installation is then
blown through with the inert gas.
The sensor 187 produces a signal indicative of the
valve 38 being opened, which signal is applied to the input
185 (Fig. 2) of the control unit 176, whereby the time relay,
coil 249 (Fig. 10), becomes operative. The time lag provided
by this relay is set up depending on the time needed for
emptying the installation. After timing out, the relay
closes its contact 2491 and thus prepares the corresponding
feed circuit for actuating the relay with the coil 250. When
the switch 241 is shifted to its neutral position, the con-
tact 2412 is closed, the relay, coil 250, becomes operative
20 and ~ctuates the electric drives 39 and 33 to close the
valves 38 and 32.
Thereupon, the sensor 186 closes its contact 1861
(Fig. 10), the relay with the coil 245 becomes energized and
picks up its contacts 2451 and 2452. The delivery of inert
gas is terminated,
Prior to starting, the installation must be filled
with blast-furnace gas.
For this, the switch 241 is shifted into its
"filling" position. The contact 2413 (Fig. 10) is closed, the
30 relay with the coil 251 becomes energized and actuates the
electric drive 36 (Fig. 2) to open the valve 35 (Fig. 1) in
the conduit 37 for the discharge of blast-furnace gas from
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2~i
the installation. The sensor 183 then closes its contact
1831 (Fig. 10), which causes actuation of the relay with the
coil 244. The relay picks up its contacts 2441, 2442~ and
2443. As a result, the relay with the coil 247 becomes
operative and actuates the electric drive 33 tFig. 2) to open
the valve 32 (Fig. 1).
After the installation has been filled with blast-
furnace gas, the switch 241 (Fig. 10) is shifted to its
neutral position by the operator. The contact 2412 is closed
and through the closed contact 2441 operates the relay with
the coil 250, which actuates the electric drive 33 to close
the valve 32 (Fig. 1).
The valve 32 having been closed, the sensor 190
closes its contact 1901 (Fig. 1), whereupon the relay, coil
252, becomes energized and emits a signal indicative of the
installation being filled with blast-furnace gas, which is
applied to the input 193 of the start-up readiness control
` unit 49.
The control system according to the invention makes
possible fully automatic control of an installation utilizing
the energy of pressure of outgoing blast-furnace gas. This
is accomplished by introducing a number of suitably int~r-
-.
connected functional control units, sensors, and servo-
mechanisms, whereby the specified sequence of automatic opera-
tions is ensured. The checking of the operations upon
completion thereof excludes the upsetting of the operational
sequence. This makes for higher reliability of the installa-
tion and prevents damage to the equipment and hazards to the
supervisory personnel.
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