Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
¦ "~ C 672 (R)
1~L~)9760
The present invention is concerned with an improvement
¦ in the lathering and wear rate properties of a toilet
¦ detergent bar having an acyl isethionate as the predominate
¦ surfacr--active detergent and an unesterified water-soluble
! 5 alkali rnetal isethionate as a bar processing aid.
One of the problems of acyl isethionate toilet
detergent bars is their unusually high wear rate despite the
attention given to other properties of this type of bar. For
' exarnple, in the U.S. Patent 4,007,125 it was found that the
mush properties of an acyl isethionate detergent bar could
' be improved by adding to the bar an amount of sodium alkane
¦ sulfonate wherein the alkane group has 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
According to U.S. Patent ~,951,842, the mush properties of
the same kind Or bar are improved by the ~ddition Or a
mixture Or sodium sulfate and sodium chlor;de. U.S. Patent
2,356,9~3 describes the use of substantial amounts from
5 to 40% of sodium chloride as a wear-rate improver in soap-
free detergent bars.
U.S. Patent 3,376,229 describes the use o~ sodium
chloride to increase the hardness of acylisethionate bars.
~lowever, regardless of the improvement in the mush
properties obtained with the detergent bars according
to these patents, the wear rate of these bars still remains
; a problem, and any attempt to improve this latter property
has heretofore been accomplished at the expense of
lather ing.
'~'he use of alkoxy hydroxy propane suli'onates in soap
b.lrs has been described in ll.S. Patent 2,987,4~4, ~herein
- 2 -
~b
~ . , , ~
I ~ I C 672 (R)
~1~9760
~ sodium and potassium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates have
¦ been incorporated in soap bars as anionic surface active
agents in amounts of ~5% and above. And in U.S. Patent
2,988,511 alkyl glyceryl ether sul~onates are described as
major ànionic detergent actives, which can be used in
¦ cornbination with the isethionates. The lathering boosting
properties of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate coMpounds,
however~ when used in relatively small amounts with acyl
isethionates as the major surfactant have not been recognized.
It has now been discovered that the incorporation of a
relative]y small proportion of sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane
sulfonate and a small amount of sodium chloride in a
predominantly acyl isethionate detergent bar having an
unesteriried water-soluble alkali metal of isethionic acid
as a bar processing aid will significantly decrease the
wear rate of the bar without adversely affecting its latherin~
properties and processing characteristics. The term
"predominant", as used in connection with the proportion o~
acyl isethionate, means that the proportion Or acyl
isethionate is not exceeded by any other surface active
agent in the composition.
I'he present invention is particularly useful in that a
more economical acyl isethionate detergent bar with less
than the usual free isethionate salt can be made and
marketed while the bar still maintains its excellent
lathering properties.
The present application is applicable to toilet
detergent bars o~ the type disclosed in U.S. Patent
3 -
. . .
>~0
2,894,912 and in U.S. Patent 3,376,229. The major surface active
agent in the detergent bar according to this application are
aliphatic higher fatty acid esters of an alkali metal
isethionic acid salt, which are hereinafter referred to as acyl
isethionates. The acyl isethionate will comprise from about 30
to 70~ of the bar and can be defined by the following general
formula:
RCOOCH2C~2S03M I "
wherein R is an aliphatic radical or mixed aliphatic radical
of a higher fatty acid, or mixtures thereof, having from 6 to 18
carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than about 20; and
wherein M is an alkali metal cation such as sodium, potassium
or ammonium, or the cation of an organic amine base such as tri-
ethanolamine, tri-isopropanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanol-
amine. The composition of the detergent bar can also contain
from 2 to 1~% of at least one water-soluble suds-boosting deter-
gent salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and
organic amine higher aliphatic fatty alcohol sulfates, an alkyl
aryl sulfonate and a higher aliphatic fatty acid tauride, from
about 1~ to about 9% water, from about 2.5~ to about 25~ of a
water-soluble higher fatty acid soap, and from 10 to 40~ of at
least one higher fatty acid having from about twelve to about
twenty-five carbon atoms as a binder and plasticizer, with the
detergent bar having a pH within the range from 6 to 8, measured
as a 10~ aqueous solution of the bar composition at 35C.
-- 4
'`?~
11~9760 c 672 (R)
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,
In addition, an unesterified water-soluble alkali
metal salt of isethionic acid, such as sodium isethionate,
is contained in the above detergent bar as a bar hardening
,:
and bar processing aid in an amount of from about1% to
about 7%.
Detergent bars according to the above ~ormulation
encounter various performance problems in that the wear
rate is signiricantly higher than other known marketed soap
and detergent bars, This wear rate, which is a measure of
the loss in weight of the bar with usage, is largely due
to the chemical properties of the bar. It has been discovered
j that by reducing the acyl isethionate/sodium isethionate
in the detergent bar with a corresponding increase in
binder and/or plasticizer, a reduction in wear rate can
~ 15 generally be obtained. However, when this is done,
3 another property of the bar is sacrified; speci~ically, the
latherlng properties Or the bar will decrease. In addition,
adding suds boosters or suds additives to make up this
lathering loss demonstrated that when lathering parity
had been obtained, the suds booster caused processing
problems in the manufacture of the bar.
Applicants have discovered that good lathering
characteristics can be imparted to acyl isethionate
detergent bars o~ the type described above without adverse
processing or manuracturing problems by adding an alkoxy-
hydroxy propane sulfonate having the following formula:
C~13-(CH2)n~CH2~O~CH2-CHOH_cH2_so3_M
; l~herein n is an integer from 6 to 1~; and M can be calcium,
- 5 -
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l C 672 (R)
" 11~97~0
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magnesium, ammon;um, sodium or potassium.
Excellent lathering characteristics can be obtained, for
example, when sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane sul~onate is
¦ added as a suds booster to the acyl isethionate detergent
I 5 bar formulation. In addition to the excellent lathering
¦ properties that can be obtained, it was ound that
incorporating from about 2 to 10~ of the above defined alkoxy
hydroxy propane sulfonate will not cause processing problems.
While the lathering and processing characteristics o~
~ 10 the acyl isethionate detergent bar are improved by the
¦ addition of the alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate, the wear
¦ rate of the bar still re~ains significantly high. Applicants
I have discovered, however, that the wear rate of the above
improved acyl isethionate bar can be substan~ially lowered
by adding to the detergent bar, in addition to the alkoxy
hydroxy propane sulfonate, sodium chloride in an amount of
- ~ less than 1.2%. Normally, a drop in wear rate is accompanied
by a reduction in lathering While the sodium alkoxy hydroxy
propane sulfonate/sodium chloride combination will
significantly reduce the wear rate, the lathering
I characteristics Or the improved acyl isethionate bars were
; ~ unexpectedly equal or slightly superior to a detergent bar,
such as that described in V.S. Patent 3,376,229. Accordingly,
. ~ the alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate/sodium chloride
combination~ at the levels indicated hereinafter, will
enable a more economical acyl isethionate detergent bar to
be produced having improved wear rate while still maintaining
the excellent lathering characteristics obtainable with the
.', , ' . . - ' :
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C 672 (R)
7~
- alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate.
In accordance with the improvement herein, then, a
method is provided for reducing the wear rate of an acyl
isethionate detergent bar having an unesterified water-
soluble alkali metal isethionate as a bar processing aid,
without adversely affecting the lathering properties or
processing characteristics of the bar, by incorporating
into the bar:
(a) from 1% to 10%, and preferably 2% to 6%, by weight
of an alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate having the formula
CH3 (cH2)n-cH2-o-c-r~2-~cHoH-cH2- S03-M
wherein n is an integer from 6 to 18; and M is sodium,
¦ potassium, calcium, or ammonium; and
¦ (b) less than 1.2%, preferably 0.1% to 1.0% and
¦ ~5 desirably 0.~% to 1.0%, of sodium chloride, the percentages
¦ being ba~sed on the total weight of the detergent bar
. produced.
q~he acyl isethionate detergent bar made according to
the method described above c,n be prepared by conventional
` 1 20 practices known to those skilled in the art of toilet and
detergent bars, and will generally comprise from about30%
to 70% of an acyl isethionate of the general formula
CH2cH2so3M
wherein R is an aliphatic radical or mixed aliphatic radical
of a higher fatty acid, or mixtures thereof, having from six
to eighteen carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than
i about 20; and wherein M is an alkali metal cation, such as
sodlllr~l, potassium or ammonium, or the cation of an organic
7 --
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,
.
.
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~ C 672 (R)
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. amine base, such as triethanolamine, tri-isopropanolamine,
diethanolamine and monoethanolamine; and from about1% to
about 7% of an unesterified water-soluble alkali metal
: isethionate as a bar processing aid. The acyl isethionate
:~ 5 detergent bar formed according to the method above may alsocontain from 2 to 10% of at least one water-soluble
suds-boosting detergent salt selected from the group
consisting of alkali metal and organic amine higher aliphatic
fatty alcohol sulfates, an alkyl aryl sulfonate, and a higher
aliphatic fatty acid tauride, from about 1% to about 9%
3 wa.ter, from about 2.5% to about 25% of a water-soluble higher
`j fatty acid soap, and from 1~ to 40% of at least one higher
j fatty a.cid having from about twelve to about twenty-five
carbon atoms as a binder and plasticizer, with the finished
detergent bar having a pH within the range from 6 to 8,
measured as a 10% aqueous solution of the bar composi~ion,
. at ~5C.
Accordingly the invention provides a detergent bar
. comprising
. 20 (a) 1% to 10%,preferably 2% to 6%, by weight of an
alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate of the formula
CH3-(CH2)n~CH2~0~CH2-CHOH_cH2_so3_M
wherein n is an integer Or from 6 to 18; and M is sodium,
¦ potassium, calcium, magnesium or aMmonium;
. 25 (b) ].ess than 1.2%, preferably 0.1% to 1.0%, and
. desirably 0.6% to 1.0%, by weight of sodium chloride;
~ (c) about 30% to about 70% of an acyl isethionate of
¦ the formula
3 - 8 -
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' " ','
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C 572 (R)
''-` 11~97~i0
RCOOCH2CH2$o3~
wherein R is an aliphatic radical or mixed aliphatic
radicals of a higher fatty acid, or mixtures thereof, having
~rom six to eighteen carbon atoms and an iodine value of
less than about 20; and wherein r1 is an alkali metal cation
such as sodium, potassium or ammonium, or the cation Or an
organic amine base such as triethanolamine, tri-isopropanol-
amine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine; and
(d) about 1% to about 7% o~ an unesterified water-
soluble alkali metal isethionate, for example, guch as
sodium isethionate, as a bar processing aid.
, Moreparticularly, a detergent bar according to the
¦ iMprovernent herein comprises the following components in
parts by weight:
~5 Parts by Weight Or Bar
a. Acyl isethionate 35-55
b. Higher fatty acid 20-27
c. Higher fatty acid soap 5-15
d. Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate2-4
e. Sodium isethionate 1-4
~. Sodium chloride 0.1-1.0
g. Alkoxy hydroxy propane sulPonate 1-10
h. Water 3-6
wherein the higher fatty acid is selected from the
group consisting Or palmitic and stearic acid, the higher
I rattY acid soap is the sodium salt o~ an aliphatic mono-
I carboxylic acid having rrom about 8 to about 18 carbon
~toms, of l,lhich about lB-22~ has R-14 carbon atoms, the
, I
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C 672 (R~
97~i0
''
alkyl group of said alkylbenzenesulfonate is derived from
a straight-chain hydrocarbon mixture having an average of
about 13 carbon atoms; and the sum of (a) through ~h) lies
within the range of about 96 to about 100 parts by weight.
As a preferred embodiment, the toilet bars of the
present invention comprise the following components in the
proportions indicated:
Parts by Wei~ht of Bar
a. Sodium acyl isethionate 38-46
b. Higher fatty acid 21-25
c. Higher fatty acid soap 8-13
d. Sodium alkylbenzenesul~onate 1-3
¦ e. Sodium isethionate 1-4
¦ f`. Sodium chloride 0.5-1.0
g Sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate 2-7
h. Water 3-6
: wherein the acyl portion o~ said isethionate is
derived ~rom coconut oil, said higher fatty acid is selected
from the group consisting of palmitic and stearic acids, said
2 soap is the sodium salt of an aliphatic monocarboxylic
acid having ~rom about 8 to 18 carbon atoms, of which about
18-22% has 8-14 carbon atoms, the alkyl portion of said
alkylbenzenesul~onateis derived from a straight-chain
: hydrocarbon mixture having an average of about 13 carbon
atoms; and the sum of (a) through (h) lies within the range
o~ about 96 parts to about 100 parts by weight, the balance,
i~ any, comprising minor additives, such as germicides,
,! ~iO2, colorants and miscellaneous ingredients associated with
-- 10 --
C 672 (R)
97~0
the above-named components.
Particularly advantageous bars in accordance with the
improvement herein have the following composition:
Parts by Weight of Bar
Sodium acyl isethionate (a) 40-42
Stearic acid 20-23
Coconut oil fatty acids 2-3
Soap of mixed tallow and coconut oil (b) 9.5-10.5
Sodium stearate 2.5-3.5
Sodium isethionate 1-3
Sodium alkylbenzenesul~onate (c) 1.5-2. 5
Sodium chloride 0.6-1.0
Sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate (d) 4-6
TiO2 0.1-0.3
Germicides 0-1. 5
Mineral Oil 0-1.5
' Perfume 0.7-1.7
Colorants 0.001-0.003
iscellaneous (e) 1.5-3
Water 4-6
(a) the alkyl group is derived from coconut oil,
(b) about 75-fl5 parts tallow and about 15-25 parts
coconut oil,
(c) the alkyl group is a straight chain having about
11-15 carbon atoms,
(d) the alkyl group is a straight chain having about
8-20 carbon atoms,
(e) inert matter unavoidably added in associati~on with
the components;
.
-- 11 --
:'
~.r, ,.- r. .
' ' ~ ' . .
:
C 672 (R)
97~0
wherein the acyl portion of said sodium acyl
isethionate is derived from coconut oil; and the alkyl
:~ portion of said sodium alkyl benzenesulfonate is derived
. from a straight-chain hydrocarbon mixture having about
11-15 carbon atoms.
The acyl isethionate component of the detergent bar
may be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in
the art Suitable preparatory procedures may be found in
- U.S Paten~ Nos. 3,320,292; 3,376,229; 3,151,136; 3,3~3,396;
3,420,857, and 3,420,858.
. The term "soap" is used herein in its popular sense,
! i.e. the alkali metal salts of aliphatic alkane- or
~ alkenemonocarboxylic acids. In general, the sodium soaps
I can be used in the bars of the invention, but from about 1
¦ 15 to about 25% of the soap may be potassium soaps. The soaps
; useful herein are the ~lell-kno~n alka].i-metal salts of
natural or synthetic fatty (alkanoic or alkenoic) acids
having about 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably about 12
to about 18 carbon atoms, and may be described as alkali-
metal carboxylates of acyclic hydrocarbons having about
12 to about 20 carbon atoms.
Soaps having the fatty acid di.tribution Or coconut
oil may provide the lower end of the bro~.d molecular weight
; range, while soaps having the fatty acid distribution of
peanut or rapeseed oil, or their hydrogenated derivatives,
may prov;.de the upper end of the broad molecular weight
ran~e.
It is preferred to use the soap~ having the fatty acid
- 12 -
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,
:- -
C 672 (R)
11;~)97~il)
distribution of coconut oil or tallow, or mixtures thereof~
since these are among the more readily available fats. The
proportion of fatty acids having at least 12 carbon atoms in
coconut oil soap is about 84%. This proportion will be
greater when mixtures of coconut oil and ~ats such as tallow,
palm oil, or non-tropical nut oils or fats are used, wherein
the principal chain lengths are C16 and hiKher. The preferred
soap for use in the acyl isethionate detergent bar then has
at least 84~ ~atty acids h~ving about 12-18 carbon atoms.
It will be understood that the coconut oil employed for
the soap, and for the isethiona~e as well, may be substituted
I in whole or in part by other "high lauric" oils, that is, oils
¦ or fats wherein at least 50~ of the total fatty aeids are
composed of lauric or myristie acids or mixtures thereof.
I 15 These oils are generally exemplified by the tropieal nut
oils of thecoconut oil class, such as palm kernel oil,
babassu oil, ouricuri oil, tucum oil, cohune nut oil,
murumuru oil, jaboty kernel oil, khakan kernel oil, dika nut
oil, and for present purposes ueuhuba butter, a vegetable
triglyceride high in myrist~c acid esters.
A preferred soap is a mixture of about 15% to about
20% coconut oil and about 80% to about 85% tallow. These
mixtures contain about 95-96% fatty acids having about 12 to
about 18 carbon atoms. q'he soap may be prepared from coconut
oil, in which ease the fatty acid content is about 84~ of
C12-C18 ehain length
The soaps may contain unsaturation in accordance with the
commercially acceptable standards. Excessi~e unsaturation is
- 13 -
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C 672 (R)
7~
norma11y avoided.
The sodium alkoxyhydroxy propane sulfonate may be
. prepared in accordance with the procedure described in
U.S. Patent 2,989,547.
The hi.gher fatty acid component recited in the
foregoing compositions is preferrably a commercial mixture
of about 45% stearic acid and about 55% palmitic ac;d.
The rate at ~hich a toilet detergent bar wearsaway
. during use is quantitatively determined by méasuring the
1 rate at which the tablet wears during a standardized washing
procedure, referred to hereinafter as the "Wear Rate 1'est",
whereby the weight of the bar consumed per use is determined.
The Wear Rate Test is conducted in accordance with the
description given below. It will be understood that the
results obtained by this test may vary slightly ~rom
; operator to operator and may show variations from day to
day, but that the results obtained on tablets tested as a
group by the same operator may be validly compared. For this
reason, control bars are tested along with the bars Or
1 20 each Example herein.
: Wear Rate Test
': Equiprment
: a. Smooth ~lat-bottomed pl.astic soap di.shes,
. ~. ~in rack or other point support for drying bars,
c. ~al].on container marked at 1/2 gallon.
P r o c ~ re
I T~e test begins on the morning o~ Day 1, and terminates
¦ on the morning of Day 3. The initial ~reia,ht of the bar to the
i - 14 -
'
:
'
11~97~0 c 672 (R)
nearest 0.0l gram is recorded. One half gallon of tap water
at 40C is poured into a procelain sink. The hands and bar are
submerged in the 40C water~ the bar and hands removed, and
the bar rotated 20 times between the hands (l rotation=1D~0C).
The same procedure is repeated bysubmerging the bar and hands
in the water, rernoving the bar and hands, and the
above-described washing (20 rotations) repeated. T~ bar and
hands are again submerged in the water, the bar removed from
the hands and placed in the dish. The above-described washing
is repeated 4 times during the day on Day l, and a~ain on Day 2.
Tap water at 27C is added to the dish prior to placing
the bar in the dlsh following the first and last ~rashing on
Day l and Day 2 (~-l/2 ml Or tap water for regular si~e,
2-l/2 rnl of tap water for bath size).
On the morning of Day 3, the bar is washed as before,
rlnsed ln the wash water, and placed on pin rack to dry. The
bar is dried at least 4 hoursand weighed to the nearest 0.0l gram.
Calculation
Calculate the weight in grams used per wash as rOllOws:
Initial we ght in grams - final weight in grams = grams
number of washes per use
Panel l.ather Test
Twenty panelists, each with a control bar and an
experimenta] bar, wash each bar under the following set of
water hardness and temperature conditlons in separate sinks:
a- 90-100 ppm hardness as CaC03 at 24C,
b. l80 ppm hardness as CaC03 at 24C, and
c. 180 ppm hardness as CaCO~ at 40 c~
-- 1~ --
! C 672 (R)
_..~
" 1~9760
Each panelist washes his hands in his customary manner
under the aforementioned conditions and makes a preference for
either the control or experimental detergent toilet bar based
on lather volume within each test condition. The panelist may
also rate the 'oars equal i' they perceive lathering parity.
Therefore, the higher the preference for a nroduct the higher
the number.
The invention may be more thoroughly understood by
reference to the following Examples, which are to be
considered illustrative~ but not limitative, of the
improvement herein.
Exarnple (a~
l'his Example describes the preparation of sodium acyl
isethionate detergent active.
¦ 15 2150 kg of' sodium acyl isethionate having 75% active
detergent matter are prepared in the f'ollowing manner:
1100 kg of coconut ratty acids and 310 kg of ratty
acids recovered in the stripping step of a previously
prepared batch Or ~atty acid isethionate are combined in a
scale tank. A slurry containing approximately 75~ by weight
of sodiurn isethionate on a 100% pure basis are charged into
a stock tank. Finally, 3 kg of zinc oxide are prepared as
an aqueous slurry in another tank.
A]l Or the roregoing ingredients are charged into
reactor and heated to a temperature of about 232C by
circulating the contents of the reactor through a heat
exchanger via a pump.
When the temperature o~ the reaction mixture reaches
- 16 -
~ C 672 (R)
09760
~ about 190-200C, water evolved by the reaction, together
¦ with steam distilled fatty acids, begin to distill from the
reactor. These vapors are then condensed in a condenser. The
fatty acids and water condensate are collected in a
separator wherein the fatty acids are decanted via a pipe
and accumulated in a collecting tank.
The reaction is essentially complete in approximately
150 minute~ at 232-237C, when both fatty acids and water
cease to accumulate in the separator.
At this point, the reaction mixture is drained into a
stripper which is also purged with nitrogen to maintain an
oxygen-f'ree atmosphere. By circulating a heat transfer
liquid through the jacket of the stripper, the temperature
of' the reaction mixture is maintained between about 220C
and 235C.
A vacuum is applied by means of ejectors to obtain a
vacuum Or about 50 cm of mercury. After maintaining this
vacuum for a period of about 15 minutes, 360 kg of molten
stearic acid is charged into the stripper to rnaintain the
fluidity of' the reaction product therein after the initial
portion of unreacted fatty acids is removed. The removal Or
the unreacted fatty acids of the charged stock iscompleted
by further increasing thevacuum to about 69 cm mercw~ and
rrlaintaining i,t at t~)is level, while the rrlass in the stripper
is maintained at 232C ~'or a period of' about 45 minutes. At this
point, ti~e pressure is ~rought back to ~,trnospheric by shutting off
the vacuum ejectors and introducin~ nitrogen into the stripper.
The fatty acids collected during the stripping are
- 17 -
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~ C 672 (R)
~1~97~i~
returned to the fatty acid charged tank for reuse in
subsequent reactions.
After analyzing the completed batch of acyl `
isethionate, the reaction product, weighing 2160 kg, is
dischar~ed and ~lash-cooled The analysis shows that the
acyl iseth;onate content is about 75.0%, corresponding to a
yield of about 92~ based on the iset~lionate charged to the
reactor.
Example 1
This Example describes the preparation of a
detergent bar having the acyl ~isethionate o~ Example la.
A Day mixer is charged with the appropriate amounts
of stearic/palmitic acid (45:55 ratio by weight - ~mersol
132), soap, sodium stearate, sodiwn alkyl (C13-average)
benzene sulfonate and sodium chloride, followed by the
ilash cooled acyl isethionate of Exarnple la to gi~e the
composition on a percent by weight basis set forth below
in Table A. The ingredients are mixed at 107C for
approximatelY 60 minutes. The composite is discharged onto
a chilled rotating drum and processed into chips. The
chips are then charged into a chip mixer to which perfume
and TiO2 are milled and plodded into bar form.
- 18 -
~ 760 C 672 (R)
TABLE A
Example No. la lb lc
Box Code No. NS4207 NS4208 NS4209
_ _
(Control)
Composition % by weight % by ~eight % by weight
Acyl isetionate o~ Example (a)
(active basls) 50.00 47.00 45.00
¦ Stearic/pa~nitic acid21.86 24.11 25.61
¦ Coconut oil ratty acids3.o8 2.90 2.77
Soap of mixed tallow and
coconut oil 9-7 9.82 10.32
Sodium stearate 3.00 3.00 3.00
Sodiwn isethionate 1.91 1.80 1.72
Sodium alkyl.benzene sulfonate 2.03 2.03 2.03
Sodium chloride 0.85 o.85 0.85
Water 5.25 5.25 5.25
qliO2 0.20 0.20 0.20
Perf~une 1. O0 1. O0 1. OO
Miscellaneous 1.75 2.04 2.25
100.00 100.00 100.00
The detergent toilet barshaving the above compositicns
were tested for wear rate and lather by the aforementioned
procedures. The results are listed in Table B.
-- 19 -
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.,
C 672 (R)
~lQ~760
Table B. E~fects of reducing acyl isethionate/sodium
_ isethionate in deter~ent toilet bars
Wear Rate
~xample No. Wear ~a.te (gms/wa~h)
... . . _ .
1~ - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 3.40 + 0.14
lb - 47% acyl isethionate 3.15 + 0.09
lc - 45% acyl isethionate 2.76 ~ 0.17
Panel Latherin~
~!ash Conditions
24C/ 24C/ 40C/ Overall
90pp~CaCO7~180ppm 180ppm ~esults
la - 50% acy~ isethionate (control) 11 11 13 35
Ib - 47% acyl isethionate 8 8 6 22
la and lb EQUAL in lather
lc? - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 11 13 11 35
lC - 45~ acy] isethionate 6 5 7 18
la and lc EQUAL in lather 3 2 2 7
rl'he above data sho~ that decreasing the acyl
isethionate/sodium isethionate in conjunction with a
corresponding increase in stearic/palmitic acid and soap
I wi.ll signi~icantly reduce the wear rate of the detergent
bar. ~-~owever, the panel lathering data demonstrate that the
panel:ist perceived ~ reduction in ].athering in the low acyl
.isethionate/reduced wear rate bars as compared with the
2 5 control bars.
- 20 -
~ 7~0 C 672 (R)
l~`xample 2
This example illustrates the ef~ect that sodium alkoxy
hydroxy propane sulfonate prepared from Neodol 25 having an
alkyl group = C12-C15 and NaCl, has on reduced acyl
isethionate deter~ent toilet bars.
Detergent toilet bars having the following composition
were prepared. All percentages are givèn on the basis of
weight of the total bar.
TABLE C
Example No. 2a 2b 2c
Bar Code No. NS4251 NS4252 NS4253
(Control)
Composi.~,i,on ~ % %
Acyl isethionate of Example (a)
(active ba,sis) 50.00 45.00 41.00
Sodiwrla:Lko~ hydro~y prcpane
sul~onate (aIkyl group consists .'
of'C12-C~5) - 2.00 ~.on
Steari.c/palmitic acid 20.16 24.11 24.86
Coconut oil f'atty acid 3.08 2. 77 2.53
Soap o~ mixed tal].cw and
COCOIlut oil 8.50 9.82 10.07
So~ium stearate 3,oo 3.00 3.00
Sodiwn iseth:ionate 4.68 1.72 1.56
Soc~iw(l alky].benzene sulf'onate2.03 2.0 3 2.0 3
Sodiwllchloride 0,35 ' 85 o,85
Water 5.25 5.25 5.25
qio2 0.20 0.20 0.20
Perfw~le 1.00 1.00 1.00
S r~.scellaneous 1- 75 1.75 1.75
~oo . oo loo . no loo . oo
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.
C 672 (R)
)976~1
The detergent toilet bars having the above compostions
are tested for wear rate and lather properties by the afore-
mentioned procedures. The results are listed in Table D below.
Table D. Effect of appropriate amounts of sodium al~oxy
hydroxy propane sul~onate (C~2-C1s) and NaC1 in
reduced acyl isethionate/sodlum isethionate
_ deter~ent toilet bars
Wear Rate
Example No. Wear Rate (grams/wash)
2a - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 3.72 + 0.21
2b - 45% acyl isethionate + 2%
sodium alkoxy hydroxy
propane sulfonate3.15 + 0.10
j 2c - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%`
sodium alkoxy hydroxy
propane sulfonate3.16 + 0.06
Panel Latherin~
Example No. Wash Conditions
1 24C/ 40C/ Overall
, 20 180ppm CaC~ 180ppm Results
j 2a - Control 9 10 19
2b - 45% acyl isethionate + 2%
sodium alkoxy hydroxy
propane sulfonate11 8 19
2a and 2b EQUAL in lather - 2 2
2a - Control 12 8 20
2c - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%
sodium alkoxy hydroxy
propane sulfonate 8 10 18
2a and 2c EQU~L in lather - 2 2
Table D demonstrates that reducing the acyl
isethionate/sodium isethionate in conjuction with the
incorporation of sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate
- 22 -
I ~ C 672 (R)
~L.L~7~0
and an appropriate amount of NaCl will significantly reduce
the wear rate of the detergent bar. It was illustrated in
Table B that a reduction in wear rate (reduced acyl
isethionate/so~ium lsethionate and NaCl added) will
adversely affect the lathering properties of the bar. However,
Table D demonstrates that lathering parity is obtained between
the control and lowered acyl isethionate/sodium isethionate
3 detergent toilet bars when an appropriate amount of sodium
alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonàte is incorporated into the
formulation.
Example 3
g A straight chain sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane
sulronate having chain lengths ~ ClO and Cl8 was prepared,
and the following acyl isethionate detergent bars were
formu ated based on the same:
- 23 -
. .
C 672 (R)
TABLE E
Example No. 3a 3b 3c
Bar Code No. NS4266 NS4267 NS4268
(Control)
Com~osition ~ % %
Acyl isethionate of Example (a)
(actlve basis) 50.00 41.00 41.00
Sodiurn aIkoxy hydroxy propane
sulfonate (C10) _ 5 0O
Sodium aIkoxy hydroxy propane
sul~onate (C18) _ _ 5 00
Stearic/palmitic acid 2~.I6 24.86 24.86
Coconut oil fatty acid` 3.08 2-53 2-53
Soap of mixed tall~r and
coconut oil 8.50 10.07 10.07
Sodi~ stearate 3.00 3.00 3.00
Sodium isethi.onate 4.68 1.56 1.56
Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate 2.03 2.03 2.03
Sodium chloride 0-35 0.85 o.85
Water 5.25 5.25 5.25
TiO2 0.20 0.20 0.20
Perfume 1.00 1.00 1.00
Miscellaneous 1.75 2.65 2.65
100.00 100.00 100.00
The detergent toilet bars having the above compositions
were tested for wear rate and lather characteristics by the
aforementioned procedures. The results are listed below
in Tab le F .
- 24 -
C 672 (~)
7~
rrable F. Ef~ect of appropriate amounts o~ sodium alkoxy
hydroxy propane sulfonate (C10 and C1~) and NaCl in
reduced acyl isethionate/sodlum iseth1onate
deter~ent toilet bars
. .
Wear ~ate
Examp]e No. Wear Rate (grams/wash)
3a - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 3~95 + 0.17
3b - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%
sodium alkoxy hydroxy
propane sul~onate (C10) 3.58 + 0.11
3c - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%
sodium alkoxy hydroxy
propane sulfonate (C18) 3.44 ~ 0.12
Panel Lathering
Example No. Wash Conditions
24C/ 24&/ 40C Overall
9Oppm CaC0~ 180pp~ 180ppm Results
3a - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 4 9 7 20
3b - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%
sodi~n alkoxy hydroxy
propa~e sulfonate (C10) 16 11 13 40
3a and 3b EQUAL in lather - - - -
3a - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 9 9 9 27
3b - 41%acyl isethionate + 5%
sodium a~oxy hydroxy
ether sulfonate (C18) . 8 11 10 29
3a and 3c EQUAL in lather 3 0 1 4
The data presented in Table F demonstrate that the
sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane sul~onate~sodium chloride
combination in lowered acyl isethionate/sodium isethionate
toilet detergent bars results in a significantly improved
wear rate without an adverse efrect in lathering properties
of the bar.
- 25 -
C 672 (R)
11~976~
~xample 4
.
This Example demonstrates the effect of the addition
of an appropriate amount of an alkoxy hydroxy propane
sulfonate on a lowered acyl isethionate/sodium isethionate
detergent bar, with and without the inclusion Or NaCl.
TABLE G
Example No. 4a 4b 4c
Bar Code No. ~S4312 NS4314 NS4315
(~ontrol) (no salt)
Co_~osition % ~ %
Acyl isethionate of Example(a)
(active basis) 50.00 41.00 41.00
Sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane
sulf.onate C14 - 5.00 5.00
Stearic/palmitic acid20~ 16 25~ 50 24.86
~oconut oil fatty acid3~08 2~53 2~53
Soap of mixed tallow and
coconut oil 8.5~ 10.28 10.07
Sodium stearate 3~00 3~00 3~00
Sodiwm ;.sethionate 4~68 1~56 1~56
Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate 2~03 2~03 2~03
Sodium chloride 0. 35 ~ 0~ 85
Water 5~25 5~25 5~25
TiO2 0~20 0~20 0~20
Perfume 1.00 1.00 1.00
Miscellaneous 1- 75 2 ~ 65 2 ~ 65
100.00 100.00 100.00
The detergent toilet bars having the above composition,
were tested for wear rate and lather characteristics by the
~ 26 ~
C 672 (R)
~ll'Q~7~V
aforementioned procedures. The results are listed below in
Table H.
Table H. Effect of appropriate amounts of sodium alkoxy
hydroxy propane sulfonate with and without NaCl in
lowered acyl isethionate/sodium isethionate toilet .
deter~ent bars
Wear ~ate
Example No. Wear Rate (~rams/wash)
4a - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 2.93 + 0.12
4b - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%
sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane
sulfonate (C14)(no salt) 3.05 + 0.18
4c - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%
sodium alkoxy hydroxy propane
sulfonate (C14)(.85% salt) 2.47 + 0.18
Panel Lathering
Example No. Wash conditions
_
24C/ 24C/ 40~ Overall
90ppm CaCO~ 180p~m 180ppm Results
4a - 50% acyli.sethionate (control) 4 5 5 14
4b - 41% acyl isethionate + 5%
sodium a~oxy hydroxy
propane sulfonate
(C1~)(no salt) 4 4 4 12
4a and 4b EQUAL in lather 2 1 1 4
4a - 50% acyl isethionate (control) 5 4 3 12
4c - 41% acyli.sethionate + 5%
sodi.um a~oxy hydroxy ether
sulronate (C14)(.85% salt) 5 5 7 17
4a and 4c EQUAL in lather
The data presented in Table H demonstrate that the
incorporation of an alkoxy hydroxy propane sulfonate into a
lowered acyl i.sethionate/sodium isethionate detergent bar
gives lathering parity with a detergent bar having no
.. - 27 -
C 672 (R)
97~0
reduction in the acyl isethionate/sodium isethionate content
(4a vs. 4b). However, the wear rate of detergent bar 4b was
deter~ined to be practically equally as high as the wear rate
of detergent bar 4a.
On the other hand, when detergent bars 4a and 4c were
compared, the latter having incorporated therein appropriate
amounts of alkoxy hydroxy propane sul~onate and sodium
chloride, a significant reduction in wear rate was
observed while at the same time maintaining lathering parity
with detergent bar 4a.
- 28 -
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