Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to word processing systems, more particularly to
a method and apparatus for verifying the content and format of text to be
automatically printed by a word processing system, and even more particularly to a
method and apparatus for producing a preliminary hard copy printout of text and
instruction codes associated with such text.
Word processing systems of the type which enable the high speed, error-
free production of typewritten texts are well known in the art and conventionally
include R typ~writer/printer in communication with, and controlled by, a memory
into which the text and instruction codes for formatting such text are inputted and
stored. Accordingly, the operator of the word processing system prepares ~n initial
draft of the desired text, as well as keying in certain instructions relating to the
desired format and reproduction of such text, all of this data being inputted into
the memory for sub~equent processing. As a consequence, numerous ch~nges and ~ -
additlons to the initially-drafted text map subsequently be effected, without the
need for retyping unchanged portions of the text, with error-free final drafts of
the text being produced in accordance with the desired format~ The use of this
type equipment therefore not only substantially reduces secretarial time, but also
obviates the need for the preparer of the text to constantly review portions of the
text that remain unchanged~ to insure the omission of typographical errors therein
.
\
3 ~
While such word processing systems therefore offer considerable
advantages over the non-automatic typewriters that they are designed to replace,
there are specific problems that need to be overcome in order to optimize the
advantages of such systems. Specifically, it is apparent that the accurate
5 formatting of the text requires the inputting of correct instruction codes by the
operator. Thus, when a preliminary printout of the text is in the incorrect format
(due to erroneous instruction codes), the operator, in order to avoid having to
completely delete the incorrect formatted portion, must determine which
instruction codes were inaccurate in order to correct same. Therefore, unless the
10 system has some way to enable the opera.or to " look into memory ", the
ascertainment of the existing instruction codes must be accomplished, to a large
extent, by guesswork which normally can only be accomplished by highly
experienced operators. This is because the instruction codes in general cannot be
"seen" on the hard copy; they are either functional, operational~ or positional in
15 nature.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide a
new and improved method and apparatus for enabling the operator of a word
processing system to accurately determine the nature of format and related
instruction codes existing in memory.
; 5 ~t is another object of this invention to provide a new and improved
method and apparatus for effectively verifying the content of text and instruction
codes associated with such text preliminary to the final printing of the text in the
desired formatO
It is a still further object of the present invention to enable the
operator of a word processing system, at virtually any stage of the operation of
such system, to obtain preliminary hard copy printouts of not only the inputted
text, but also representations of certain ones of the instruction codes associated
with such text.
~1~~2~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with these and other objects, the present invention is
directed to a method and apparatus for producing a preliminary printout or display
of each line of text initially typed by the operator, along with visual (printed or
display) representations of material ones of the instruction eodes uniquely
associated with such lines of text. Specifically, such preliminary printout, referred
to hereinafter as Audit Print, produces the lines of text intermixed with printed
-~ characters representative of the instruction codes, along with reference line
numbers immediately preceding each accessible line of so-intermixed text and
instruction code characters. In accordance with specific features of the invention,
all as subsequently described, the Audit Print enables the printing of a " font
change " instruction, including a two-digit font number representation7 as well as
the printing of alternate characteristic identifier symbols indicative of the
presence of an instruction code. As will be apparent from the following detaileddescription, the method and apparatus of the present invention enables the operator
to selectively review any line of text (and determine the instruction codes
associated therewith) at any time during the processing of the text without having
to playout the entire text (or substantial portions thereof~ or wait ~mtil the job has
been completed.
2~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Specific features of the invention, as well as additional objects and
adYantages thereof, will become readily understood from the following detailed
description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a pictorial illustration of word processing equipment,
particularly depicting a typewriter/printer and control console thereof, along with
an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of the keyboard of the printer;
' ~ .
FIGURE 2 is a block diagram representing the data flow in accordance
with the basic concept of the present invention;
FIC;URE 3 is a block diagram of the logic circuitry for irnplementing the
printing of text characters in accordance with the presens invention;
FIGURES 4 and 4A are diagrams representing the generation of certain
signals used during Audit Print;
FIGURE 5 is a block diagram illustrating the generation of certain
control signals utilized for effecting the printing of audit print characters;
FIGURE 6 is a logic diagram illustrating the generation and use of
signals for initiating Audit Print in accordance with the method of the present
invention;
FIGURE 7 is a logic diagram of circuitry utilized for detecting and
indicating the presence of an audit print instruction code in accordance with the
method of the present invention;
FIG U RE 8 is a block diagram of the controls for effecti ~g the printing
of audit print characters;
FIG U RE 9 detects a sequence stepper network for effecting the audit
print character printout;
FIG U RES 10, 11, 13, 15 and 16 are logic diagrams illustrating the
generation of certain control signals employed in the implementation of the Audit
Print process of the present invention;
FIG U RE 12 depicts the sequence stepper network for effecting the
printout of reference line numbers in accordance with the present ins~ention; and
FIG U RE 14 iS a combined block and lo~ic dia~ram of circuitry effective
to print out the reference line numbers in accordance with the invention hereof.
~2~Z
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Use of Audit Print in Word Processin~ System
Referring initially to FIGURE~ 1, a word processing system of the type
generally known in the art, and with respect to which the present invention has
particular applicability7 is broadly depicted as including a typewriter/printer I with
a keyboard 2, the printer being in two way communication with a console 3 by wayof cable 4. Disposed within the console 3 are memory and control networks for
automatically recording operator-generated text and instruction codes for
subsequent automatic playout of the text by the printer in accordance with the
desired format.
As conventionally known, the operator of the word processing system
utilizes the keyboard 2 not only to type the clesired text, but also to enter the
various instruction codes and initiate the respective operational modes of the
system. Thus, and as indicated in FIGURE l, certain keys or buttons of the
keyboard 2 would be provided ~when depressed~ for inputting operational modes
(AUTO, LINE, ENTRY, CODE, etc.) while others can be assigned to both text
character and instruction code ~eneration (illustrated example of "T" and "TAB").
It is to be understood that the orientatlon of the keys depicted in FIGU~tE 1 is only
illustrative and does not necessarily represent their actual orientation.
The printer 2 also includes an operator message panel 5 for displaying
z
information to the operator as to what activity is occurring in memory; and the
console 3 would normally include entry and exit openings 6 for ma~netic cards of
the type known as leM Mag Cards upon which the coded text and instructions, etc.
can be recorded for later use.
In accordance with the conventional use of the word processing system
of FIGURE l, the operator would normally type an initial draft of the desired text,
as well as "key in" certain format instructions (such as tab locations, measure
length, platen index requirements) and other codes relating to ~he desired character
print (for example, the existence of required "hyphens"). The text and associated
instruction codes are then transmitted and stored within the memory in the console
so that, after corrections or insertions are made to the initial draft, the final form
of the text may be automatically printed with a minimum of operator intervention
and in accordance with the desired format.
In accordance with the Audit Print operation of the present invention,
the operator, at virtually any stage of the operation of the word processing system,
is able to obtain a har~cupy printout of not only the text, but also representations
of certain ones of the instruction codes uniquely associated with, and controlling
the format of, the text. As will subsequently be described in ~reater detail, such
prin-tout includes the various lines of text intermixed with printed characters
respectively correspondin~ to (and indicating) such instructions codes along with a
reference line number immediately preceding each accessible line of text. ~Vith
this feature, the operator can now play back and reprint practically everything that
is in memory, thus determining, for each line, not only the text but also the codes
that were previously entered pertaining to such text, and then quickly access (by
depressing the keys corresponding to "line advance" and "line return") a particular
line in order to chan~e or correct an existent code associated with that line of text
(as well as, of course, the text itself).
For convenience of explanation, certain terrninology will be utilized
~z~
hereafter in the description and claims. Specifically, the term l'text code" means
and refers to coded representations (as they appear in memory) of the text (letters,
numbers, etc.); and the term "text characters" means and refers to the actual
display or hard-copy printout of such text. The term "instruction codes" means and
5 refers to each of the codes (as they appear in memory) corresponding to the way in
which the text is to be printed (and would therefore include codes instructing the
placement of tabs, indent tabs, carrier returns, stops, indexing formats, etcO); and
the term 'Taudit print characters" means and refers to the actual display or printed
representations of material ones of these respective instructions codes. To avoid
10 confusion, the term "audit print instruction codes" will be used to refer to those
codes which are represented by the "audit print characters" and to distinguish
them, when necessary, from other instruction codes in memory.
Since both the text and audit print characters will be intermixed on the
hard-copy printout, and so as to avoid operator confusion therebetween, each audit
~ 15 print character includes an initial symbol hereinafter referred to as "identifier
;~ symbol" followed by a second symbol hereinafter referred to as "code charactert'.
The initial "identifier symbol" will be cornmon to every, and therefore accentuate
the existence of an, "audit print character" while the following "code character"
uniquely specifies the particular type of audit print instruction code represented
20 thereby.
1~
While it is to be understood that various types or combinations of
symbols can be employed for the audit print characte~s, the following represents a
summary of one set of audit print characters that have been utilized to correspond
to the audit print instruction codes that they respectively represent. It will be
5 apparent that, in such exemplary set~ the commonly employed initial identifier symbol is "~":
Audit Print Character Corresponding Instruction Code
iit Tab
~T Indent Tab
~c Carrier Return
~C Required Carrier Return
~i Index (platen advance)
~Z Zero Index Carrier Return
~1 Unit Space
~3 3 Unit Space
~b Unit Backspace
~B 6 Unit Backspace
E Page End
Required Hyphen ~for words that
must always contain hyphen)
~8 Stop Code
~n N~Print
~p Nc~Print End
~Fnn Font Change ~Where "nn" is a two-
dig~it font number)
~o Decimal or Comma Tab Sequence
hl Centering Sequence
12
B c Concept of Audit Print_
The basic concept of the Audit Print method and apparatus is pictorially
represented by the data flow diagram of FIGtJRE 2. Specifically, the te~ct code
(represented by signals 10~ and the instruction codes (represented by signals 11) are
5 inputted from the keyboard 2 (or alternatively from storage media such as
magnetic cards 7) to a text buffer 13 by way of text buffer control 12. A detailed
description of the design and operation of the text buffer 13 (and associated control
12) is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention, one suitable
buffer and buffer control being described in U. S. Patent 3,675,216. It is sufficient
10 to note that for the purpose of the description, the text buffer 13 may essentially
be a recirculating dynamic shift register for storing the inputted text and
instruction codes with a control flag (byte), associated with sueh data, advanced to
move the data out of the buffer.
An output from text buffer module 13 communicates, by way of a gate
15 module 14, with a print control module 8, the output of which is in communication
with printer 1. The printer 1 and associated print control 8 are of the type presen'dy
known in the art and may be of the design currently manufactured and sold by
International Business Machines Corporation, the assignee of the present invention.
Thus, and as subsequently described in greater detail, the text (and instruction)
2~ codes within the buffer 13 a~e outputted, upon actuation of the gate 14, to the print
control 8, with the consequent printing of the text characters by printer 1.
Also coupled to the print control, by way of a gate module 15, is a
module 9, the details and operation of which are subsequently described, for
generating codes representative of the respective audit print characters~ the input
25 to module 9 being in communication with the text buffer 13 by way of decode
portion 13a. Upon actuation of gate module 15, these codes are advanced to the
print control 8 for consequent printing of the audit print characters by printer 1.
13
A third module 16 containing reference line number data communicates
with the print control module 8 by way of a gate module 17 so that, upon the
selective actuation of gate 17, reference line number codes are sequentially gated
to the print control with the consequent printing of the individual reference line
5 numbers by printer l.
Thus, the "Audit Print" process of the present invention involves the
selective gating of text codes from the buffer 13, the audit print instruction codes
from the module 9, and the reference line number data codes from the module 16,
to provide an audit printout from the printer l which represents an intermix of the
lO text characters and audit print characters, along with reference line numbers at
the beginning of each accessible line of so-intermixed data. Thus, prior to the
generation of the final copies of the text (represented in FIGURE 2 by sheets 20),
the operator can place the system in the Audit Print mode and produce sheets of
text (represented in FIGURE 2 by sheets 20') with the intermixed text and audit
15 print characters thereupon.
For example, the printout sample of text reproduced and headed
hereinafter as Final Text Sample would be typical of data printed on a sheet 20,
while the sample printout ollowed thereafter and labeled Audit Print Sample
represents the same text, but intermixed with the audit print characters
20 corresponding to the instruction codes supporting the generation of such text. As
noted, each accessible line on the Audit Print Sample is preceded by a reference
line number, thus enabling the operator to quickly review, access, and correct or
change any instruction associated with, a particular line. By "accessible line" is
meant a line addressable by depressing the keys corresponding to "line advance" or
25 "line return". In some instances, one "accessible line" may be two or more lines of
print, but never less than one line of print.
14
FINAL TEXT SAMPLE
Audit Print provides the operator with a method of
determining the non-printing characters and the required
characters in a project.
When in Audit Print Mlode, the system will replace the
non-printing or required charactcr Witll a sequenco of
printing characters as shown in the functional objectives
The following characters will function normally after
printing the aypropria~e Audit character:
--Carrier Return
- Required Carrier Return
- Page End
Most of the other ~udit Print cllaracters wiU not
The foUowing text will give Audit Print a workout:
second first
Inde.Yes
between
words.
Req'd spacels between words.
Req'd space3s between words.
Req'd bksp 1 s between words.
Req'dbksp6~betweenwords.
Req'd hyphens were demonstrated in the first two para
graphs.
Stop codes between words.
There is a noprint sequence in tliis line.
There are two font changes in this line.
66.555
centered text
This text wiU now end with a page end code.
AUDIT PRINT SAMPLE
Olj 64
T t tS
Xt Audit l'rint provides the operator with a method ot~c
02 deterlllining the nonX-printing characters and the requiredXc
03 characters in a project.Xc
04 Xt When in Audit Print li~lode, the system will replace theXc
05 nonX-printin~ or required character with a sequence of ~
06 printing characters as shown in the functional objectives.Xc
07 Xt The following characters wul function normally afterXc
03 printing the appropriate Audit character:Xc
091 64
c
10 ~T- Carrier ReturnXc
11 - Required Carrier ReturnXc
12 --Page End~C
3 Xc
14 Xt Most of the other Audit Print characters will not.)~e
15 The following text will give Audit Print a workout:~c
1 6 Xt ~t first~Z
1 7 secondXc
1 8 Indexes~i
1 9 between~i
20 words.~c
21 Req'd ~I spaee Is )~1 between ~I words.j~c
22 Req'd X3space3s x3 between ~3 words.~e
23 Req'd Ibbkspls ~bbetween XbWords~xc
24 Keq'd ~3bksp6s XBbetwcen XBwcrds-xc
25 Req'd hy?llells were demonstrated in the first two para-3[e
26 graplls.Xc
27 Stop ~s eodes Xs betweenXs words.Ie
28 There is Xna noprint sequenceXp in this line.Xe
29 There are j~65 tu~ font cllanges XF64 in this line.~c
30 Xt Xt XbXo66.555Xc
3 l Xt Xt ~ucentered textXc
3 2 Thus text will now end with a page end code.IE
Preferred ~pparatus Embodiment
, . . .
There is now described the design and operation of a preferred form of
apparatus effective to provide the Audit Print process of the present invention. To
facilitate a clear understanding of the operation thereof, a glossary of terms
identifying the various signals referred to in the following description and drawings
is initially summarized as follows:
GLOSSARY OF SI(:~NAL TERMS
____ ___ _ _ .__.___ _ e_ _._ .~__ -- ~__ ._ __ --
AUTO Coded signal generated in response to operator initiating
automatic playout mode at keyboard.
IAUTO Indicator signal that system continues in automatic playout
(initiated by AUTO and has not been terminated automatically or
by operator intervention).
LINE Coded signal generated in response to operator initiating
line playout mode at keyboard.
ILINE Indicator signal that system continues in line playout (initiatedby LINE and has not been terminated automatically or by operator
inter~ention).
WORD Coded signal generated in response to operator initiating
word playout mode at keyboard.
IWO~D Indieator signal that system continues in word playout
(initiated by WORD and has not been terminated automatically or
by operator intervention).
CHAR Coded signal generated in response to operator initiating
character playout mode at keyboard.
CODE Coded signal generated in response to operator instructing
system (at keyboard) to accept instruction codes.
ENTRY Coded signal generated in response to ope3 ator instructing
system (at keyboard) to enter data into memory.
17
ACCES~ Coded signal generated in response to operator instructing
system to move forward in memory (depression of keys
indicating "paragraph advance" or "line advance'~) or to
move back in memory (depression of keys indicating "page
start" or "line return").
ALTSEC Coded signal generated in response to operator instructing
system (at keyboard) to utilize an alternate section of
rnemory during entry and playback modes.
ALTLAT Signal used to detect change in state of alternate section button.
SCAN Indicator that system is in memory scan mode.
EDIT Edit codeO
ERROR Error code.
MISS Minimum interword space code series.
MISSBGN Initial minimum interword space code.
MISSEND Final minimum interword space code.
MM Mode/measure code series.
MMBGN Initial mode/measure code.
MMEND Final mode/measure code.
TIC Tab/index code series.
TICBGN Initial tab/index code.
TICEND Final tab/index code.
AUDITCHAR Indicator signal that one of the audit print instruction codes is being detected.
CAUSE CARRIER
RETIJRN Indicator that carrier return is being effected.
DKEY Signal indicating that a character is to be printed
without carrier (carriage) escapement.
IBKM Indicator signal that system is in blind key mode during
no-print sequence.
18
INCENTER Indicator that centering sequence is being initiated by
operator.
INDECTAB Indicator that decimal (or comma) tab sequence is being
initiated by operator.
INMISS Indicator that minimum interword space code is being initiated
by operator.
INMM Indicator that mode/measure code is being initiated
by operator.
INTIC Indicator that tab/index code is being initiated by
operator.
OLREQ ~ One signal which indicates that carrier is at left margin.
PRINT COMMAND Signal generated from print control 8 each time a text
character is printed.
SECTION BEGIN Indicator signal that control flag is at beginning of the
current memory section.
SECTION END Indicator signal that control flag is at encl of the current
memory section.
CAU~E SPACE
PRINT Signal initiating carrier escapement during Audit Print
mode when audit print character to be printed is preceded
by dead key character.
IAUDB Control signal to defer reference line number printout
and audit print eharacter printout under certQin conditions.
IAUDR Control signal to institute carrier return during Audit Printmode to assure that certain non-audit print instruction
codes print on lines by themselves.
IAUDZ Control signal determining print time of reference line
number and carrier return requirement when Audit Print is started.
IZICR Signal indicating that a zer~index carrier return ~as the last
end-of-line character.
14;2
19
ALTSYMB Signal from font number register 62 that
alternate identifier symbol is to be printed.
START NEW LINE Control signal generating CAUSE CARRIER
RETURN. Comes up when a non Audit Print
instruction code is encountered and something
has already been printed on the current line
(not counting the reference line number).
IAUDIT Indicator signal that system is in Audit Print
mode.
AUDITSET Control signal initiating IAUDIT when existing
conditions indicate that system is to be in
Audit Print mode.
AUDITRESET Control signal initiating IAUDIT when existing
conditions indicate that Audit Print ~ode is
to be terminated.
NUM Signal pulse initiating reference line number
print.
NUMDI-NUMD3 Mutually exclusive stepper signals for sequential
printing of reference line numbers.
NUMPRT Indicator that reference line numbers are
being processed and printed.
PRTSET Signal pulse initiating audit print character
print.
PRINTA-PRINTF Mutually exclusive stepper signals for sequential
printing of audit print character symbols.
~Z14~
TAB Audit print instruction code for tab.
INDTAB Audit print instruction code for indent tab.
CR Audit print instruction code for carrier return.
RCR Audit print instruction code for re~uired carrier return.
ZICR Audit print instruction code for zer~index carrier return.
INDEX Audit print instruction code for platen advance~
UNITSP Audit print instruction code for single unit space.
3UNITSP Audit print instruction code for three unit space.
UNITBKSP Audit print instruction code for single unit backspace.
6UNITBKSP Audit print instruction code for six unit backspace.
PAGEND Audit print instruction code indicating end of page.
REQHYP Audit print instruction code indicating required hyphen.
STOP Audit print instruction code terminating playout in modes
other t~an Audit Print.
NOPRTBGN Audit print instruction code initiating no-print sequence.
NOPRTEND Audit print instruction code terminating no-print sequence.
FONTCHG Audit print instruction code indicating font change.
DECTAB Audit print instruction code for decimel or comma tab.
CENTER Audit print instruction code for centering line of te~t.
21
In addition, the description and drawings will also refer to signals which are the
data complements oE various ones of the aforelisted signals which, as
conventionally known, indicate the absence of that particular signal condition. For
example, the signal designation IAUDIT is the data complement of the signal
S IAUDIT and thus represents an indicator signal that the system is not in Audit
Print mode.
The CODE, ENTRY, ALTSEC, AUTO, LINE, WORD, CH~R, and
ACCESS signals are all generated (FIGVRE 4) by a keyboard decode module 2a, the
circuitry within the decode module 2a being conventional for generating the so-
10 coded switching signals in response to the depression of the corresponding keys orbuttons on the keyboard 2. The other signals summarized above are internally
generated by the logic within the system, as subsequently descrioed in greater
detail. Furthermore, and as conventional, the data complement signals are
normally produced with the use of conventional inverters, a typical example being
shown in FI&URE 4A.
For convenience of description, "positive logic" is assumed in describing
the operation of the various logic networks. Thus, the terms "high" and "low" (or
"I" and "0") are used to respectively designate the presence and absence of a
particular signal. It is to be understood, however, that "negative logic" can
20 alternately be employed in designing these networks, in which event opposite
assignment would correspondingly apply.
Through the following description, it is assumed that all latches are
synchronously stepped by a common clock (not shown); and the signal status at the
output of the latches do not change to reflect signal information at the inputs until
25 the occurrence of each clocl<. Under normal circumstances, the "set" and "reset"
inputs will not be up at the same time; but in the event of such occurrence, the
"set" will dominate over the "reset".
22
~L~'L~
Referring now to FIGURE 3, the logic control circuitry for effecting (or
preventing) the printing of the text characters by the printer l is now described.
Accordingly, the sequential advancement of the control flag, and therefore the
corresponding advancement of the text (and instruction) codes to the output of the
text buffer 13, is effected in response to the generation of an "advance flag" signal
at the output of the OR gate 18 (which is coupled to the input of the text buffer
control 12). As apparent from FIGURE 39 this "advance flag" will be generated (1)
each time the print control 8 directs the printing of a text character (with PRINT
10 COMMAND therefore being "high'T); (2) upon completion of an audit print
charaeter printout (PRINTF is 'thigh"); or (3) after mode measure (MMEND "high").
The gate mod7~1e 14 (FIGURE 2) is essentially provided by an AND gate
21; and consequently, whether the data at the output of the text buffer 13 is "gated"
to the print control logic 8 (along data buses 24 and 25) depends upon whether the
15 signals at both the inputs A and B of the AND gate 21 are "high". Such signalconditions exist as long as the system continues in either the automatic, line, or
word playout mode (IAUTO, ILINE, or IWORD "high" at inputs to OR gate 22) and
èither (l) the system is not in Audit Print mode, (IAUDIT "low" at input to NANDgate 19) or (2) the system is in Audit Print mode but a reference line number is not
20 being processed, a carrier return is not being effected, one of the eighteen audit
print instruction codes is not being detected, nor does an Audit Print termination
condition exist (NUMPRT, CAUSE CARRIER RETURN, AUDITCHAR, and
AUDITRE~ET to OR gate 23 "low").
The IAUTO, ILINE, and IWORD signals are provided by latches 26, 27,
25 and 28 respectively, OR gates 26', 27', and 287 respectively coupled to the "reset"
inputs thereof. As depicted in FIGURE 3, these OR gates have some of their
inputs tied together as well as respectively connected to a corresponding output of
the text buffer decode module 13a. AUTO, LINE and WORD outputs from keyboard
~~2~~
23
decode module 2a (FIGURE 4) are respectively applied to the "se~" inputs of latches
26-28.
Thus, it is apparent that the latch 26 is set (thus generating IAUTO)
when "AI~TO" is "1l', the latch 27 is set (thus generating ILINE) when LINE is "1",
S and latch 28 is set (thus generating IWORD), when WORD is "1". The latches 26-28
will then be reset (terminating IAUTO, ILINE, or IWORD, as the case may be) upon- the occurrence of certain input signal conditions. For example, if IAUTC) is on and
an end-of-text character code (page end, end of memory section, etc.) is detected
from module 13a, latch 26 will be reset, as well as upon the occurrence of any of
the input signal conditions designated LINE, WORD, CHAR, or AUDITRESET. If
ILINE is on and an end-of-text character code or end-of-line character code
(carrier return, etc.) is detected, latch 27 will be reset, as well as upon the
occurrence of any of the input signal conditions AUTO, WORD, CHAR, or
AUDITRESET. If IWORD is on and an end-of-text character code, end-of-line
character code, or end-of-word character code (spaee) is detected, latch 28 will be
reset, as well as upon the occurrence of any of the input signals AUTO, LINE,
CHAR, or AUDITRESET. In additiorl, the latches 26-28 will be reset when the
system is not in the Audit Print mode (IAUDIT to AND gate 30) and either a "stop"
or "font change" condition is present (STOP or FONTCHG signal inputs to OR gate
29).
~L~
The logic circuitry for effecting the substitute printing (intermixing) of
the audit print characters during Audit Print is now described. Preliminary to such
description, it will be useful to initially discuss the method and apparatus forgenerating certain signals utilized for controlling SUCil audit print character
substitution. Accordingly, and with initial reference to FIGURE 5, the text buffer
decode module 13a is effective to generate signals corresponding to the
mode/measure, tab/index, minimum interword space, dead key (non-escapement
214a~
24
printing), edit9 and error codes, as well as the eighteen audit print instruction
codes, existing in the text buffer 13. In addition, a flag status logic module 38
coupled to an output of the text buffer 13 is effective to generate signals indicative
of the "section location" of the control flag, i.e., whether or not the flag is at the
5 beginning or end of the section.
The logic circuitry for implementing and terminating the Audit Print
mode, and for indicating whether the system is (IAUDIT) or is not (IAUDfT~ in
Audit Print mode is depicted in FIGURE 6. Accordingly, AND gate 31 has its
output coupled to the "set" input of latch 32; and AND gate 37 has its output
10 coupled to the"reset" input of latch 32. Thus, to initiate the Audit Print mode, all
of the signal conditions indicated at the inputs to AND gate 31 rnust be met,
thereby generating the control signal AUDITSET, and therefore the indicator signal
IAUDIT~ Once initiated, the system continues in the Audit Print mode unless the
latch 32 is reset (existence of AUDITRESET) in accordance with the signal
conditions at the inputs to AND gate 33, NOR gate 34, EXCLUSIVE-OR gate 35,
and OR gate 36.
FIGURE 7 depicts logic circuitry, including an OR gate 39 and inverter
40, for detecting and indicating the presence (AUDITCEIAR) or absence (AUDITCHAR)
of one of the eighteen audit print instruction codes in the text buffer 13, the audit
20 print instruction code signal outputs from the text buffer decode module 13a
(FIG U RE 5) being coupled to the inputs OI the OR gate 39. FIG U~E 16 depicts a
shift register effective to generate ALTLAT in response to an alternate section
instruction code (ALTSEC).
With reference now to FIG U RE 8, the audit print instruction code
25 signals (from 13a) are coupled to the inputs of the code generator 50 which, in
effect, provides the function of the audit print character generator 9 previously
described with reference to FIG U RE 2. Specifically, the code generator 50 is
composed of three "sections" 50a, 50b, and 50c, sections 50a and 50b being
employed in the manner subsequently described, to generate the '~identifier symbol'~
portion of the audit print character and a section 50c for generating the "code
character" portion of the audit print character. As is apparent from FIGURE 8, the
receipt of the particular signal at the input to section 50c, for examble, TAB,
generates the corresponding code character, in this instance "tr', to rnultiplexer 51.
The identifier symbol data is inputted to a multiplexer 51 along data
buses 54 and 55; and the code character data i3 routed to multiplexer 51 along data
bus 56. The multiplexer 51, in effect, provides the function of the gate module 15
(FIGURE 2)) for gating the audit print character data (identifier symbol and code
character) to the print control logic 8. Such "gating" occurs in response to theoutputs of AND gates 52 and 53 and/or signals (PRINTA-PRINTF) generated by a
sequence stepper network 60, the details and operation of which are subsequentlydescribed (FIGURE 9). Thus, upon actuation of the sequence stepper network 60,
identifier symbol data (from the segments 50a and 50b) and code character data
lS (from the segment 50c) are gated by multiplexer 51 to the print contrd 8 for audit
:: print character substitution printing by printer 1.
In accordance with a particular featur~ of the apparatus of the present
invention, the code generator 50 is capable of generating not only the normal
identifier symbol (which has been referred to as the symbol 'l~l') but, when so
instructed (ALl'SYMB), an alternate identifier symbol (in this illustration, thesymbol "Gl:)"). Thus, upon receipt of the signal ALTSYMB (decoded by font decodelogic 63 from a font number register 62), the alternate identifier symbol "0" would
be inputted from code generator sections 50a and 50b to the multiplexer 51. In the
absence of such alternate identifier symbol instruction (ALrSYMB), the sections
50a and 50b would input the normal identifier symbol "~" to multiplexer 51.
In accordance t~1ith another feature of the code generator apparatus 50,
it is to be noted that both the normal and alternate identifier symbols are
26
formed by two overlapping segments respectively generated by sections 50a and
50b. For example " ~ " is formed by a ~7 ) ~ generated from section 50a and " ( "
generated from segment 50b. Thus, when both segments are inputted to the
multiplexer 51, along with a "backspace code", the two portions will overlap on
printing, thus creating the identifier symbol " ~ ". This will also be true for the two
superimposed "Os".
As previously mentioned, the "font change" code character is made up
of an initial symbol designated "F" followed by a two-digit font number. This total
code character then identifies not only the requirement for a font change, but also
10 a two-digit number indicating the type of font to be used. For example, F79 might
represent copperplate gothic. The current font number is normally stored in the
font number register 62, the output of which is coupled to a two-digit code
generator 61. Thus, upon receipt of the FONTCHG audit print instruction code, not
only the "F", but also the appropriate two digits representing the particular font
will sequentially be inputted (along data buses 57 and 58) to the multiplexer 51.
To briefly summarize, therefore, under control and in response to the
sequence stepper network 60, the audit print substitution printing by printer 1 will
occur in the following se~uence: (1) an initial printing of the identifier symbol
(either normal or alternate), (2) next, the particular eode character (corresponding
20 to the particular audit print instruction code); and (3) then a two-digit font
number if the audit print instruction code indicates a font change. This audit print
character printout will therefore be substituted at the appropriate location with
the text printout to produce a combined printout similar to that previously
reproduced and entitled "Audit Print Sample".
With reference again to FIGIJRE 8, it is to be pointed out that an AND
gate 64 has its output also coupled to an input of print control 8. This is actually a
supervisory control which assures that the audit print character, particularly the
2~4~
~ 7
identifier symbol, does not overprint a text character (in the case of a preceding
dead key character); and therefore spaces the carrier (before printing) over oneposition upon the occurrence of the signal conditions IAUDB and PRTSET. IAUDB
is present under the "set" conditions of latch 65 (FIGURE 10); and PRTSET is a one-
5 cycle pulse from AND gate 66 (FIGURE 9) initiating the printing of the audit printcharacter.
Referring now to FIGURE 9, the sequence stepper network 60 comprises
a plurality of series-connected shift registers 70-75 connected to the output of
AND gate 66. Thus, when an audit print character is to be substituted (occurrence
10 of IAUDIT and AUDITCHAR and the other signal conditions at input to AND gate
66), PRTSET is "1", thus sequentially initiating the print signals PRINTA-PRINTF.
These sequence stepper signals then gate the identifier symbol and code charaeter
data through the multiplexer 51, as previously descrîbed, to the print control 8. As
apparent from AND gates 52 and 53 (FIGURE 8), it is noted that the sequence
15 stepper signals PRINTE and PRINTF control the printing of the font digits. As
previously described, during the audit print character substitution, the text
character printing temporarily ceases (AUDITCHAR input to OR gate 23).
In accordance with a particular feature of the invention, the audit print
instruction codes are not only printed during Audit Print, but certain ones of these
20 codes also initiate a functional response after their respective print substitution.
Specifically, and with reference now to FIGURE 11, the carrier return (CR),
required character return (RCR), platen advance (INDEX), and zer~index carrier
return (ZICR) codes require a carrier return to be performed after thei~ respective
printing. This occurs at PRINTE time, as indicated by the OR gate 67 and AND
25 gate 68 producir~g the CAUSE CARRIER RETURN signal from the OR gate 69 to
the print control 8. Additionally, and by reference to FIGURE 6, the end of page
(PAGEND) audit print instruction code terminates Audit Print playout (after its
print) at PRINTF time (AND gate 33, OR gate 36, and AND gate 37).
28
The AUDITSET signal is also effective to generate e modified line
return command to the text buffer control 12 (FIGURE 6) to return the control fl~g
to the beginning of the line (if not already there), as well as to output a CAUSE
CARRIER RETURN signal to the print control 8(AND gate 80 of FIGURE 11) if the
5 carrier is not already at the start of a new line. As subsequently described,
AUDITSET will also initiate the playout of the first reference line number.
It is to be noted at this point that certain instruction codes which are
not audit print instrùction codes, for example mode/measure ccdes, tab/index
codes, and minimum interword space codes, are also printed out during Audit Print;
10 but rather than intermixed with the text characters, as are the audit print
instruction codes, these codes are printed on separate lines. This result is
accomplished under control of the gates 81, 82, and 69 depicted in FIGURE 11, with
the CAUSE CARRIER RETURN signal consequently being generated to the print
control 8, the START NEW LINE signal also being employed to set IAUDB, as
15 indicated in FIGURE 10.
The logic cireuitry for effectin~ the printing of the reference line
numbers during Audit Print, as briefly discussed with reference to FIGURE 2, is
now described in greater detail. Preliminary to such description, it would be useful
20 to initially discuss the method and apparatus for generating certain signals utili~ed
for controlling such reference line number printout.
Accordingly, and with initial reference to ~IGURE 12, a sequence
stepper network 90 comprises a plurality of series-connected shift registers 86-88
coupled to the output of an AND gate 85. Thus, when the system is in Audit Print
25 mode (IAUDIT), and the other inhibiting conditions (represented by the data
complement signals to AND gate 85) are not present, NUM is "highi', thus initiating
the stepper signals (NUMDl-NUMD3). FIGURE 15 depicts the logic which indicates
29
whether the reference line numbers are (NUMPRT) or are not (NUMPRT) being
processed for printing.
The logic circuitry for generating the IAUDZ si~nal which indicates
whether it is time to print a reference line number (IAUDZ low) is depicted in
5 FIC~IJRE 13, such circuitry including a latch 91 which is "set" when a reference line
number print is completed (N[JMD3) and is "reset" by the return of the carrier
(carriage) to the left margin or the initiation of Audit Print. When IAUDZ is
"low", the need to print a reference line number is indicated. It is also noted that
FIGURE 13 depicts the latch 92 for generating the IAUDR signal, as previously
10 discussed.
Referring now to FIGURE 14, the apparatus for effectin~ the reference
line number printout during Audit Print mode comprises a pair of modulo-10
counters 76 and 77 (which, in effect, provide the function of the reference line
number modllle 16 of FIGURE 2) and a four-bit multiplexer 78 (which, in effect,
lS provides the function of the gate 17 of FIGURE 2). Outputs from counter 76 and 77
are respectively coupled to the A and B inputs to the multiplexer 78. A third input
C to the multiplexer enables the entry of space position codes to the print control
logic 8.
The counters 76 and 77 which store the next reference line number to
20 be printed, are initially set to 01 at the beginning of Audit Print (presence of
AUDIT~ET), and are incremented once after each reference line number is printed
provided IAUDB is low (under control of AND gate 92).
Under the principal control of the signal IAUDB (or its data complement
IAUDB), the multiplexer 78 is effective to gate the proper codes to the print
25 control 8 during a reference line number printout. The control signals IAUDB or
IAUDB are employed to assure that only accessible lines of text during Audit Print
mode are preceded by a reference line number. Thus, and with the use of the gates
93 97 connected in the manner illustrated in FlGlJRE 1~, if IAUDB is off, the
multiplexer 78 initially ~ates the highest order digit, then the lowest order digit,
then a space position code to the print control logic 8. If IAUDB is on, however,
5 the multiplexer 78 only gates three space position codes to the print control logic
without any reference digits being outputted therefrom. The "setting" of IAUDB
(and thus the inhibition of the printing of reference line numbers) occurs in
response to the carrier (carriage) returning to the left margin in response to a code
that does not indicate a line boundary.
It is contemplated that various changes and additions to the
aforedescribed process and apparatus may be made by one skilled in the art without
departing from the basic concept of the present invention. For example, the
particular type and number of audit print instruction codes (and corresponding audit
print characters) may be different in various types of systems, depending upon the
15 results and objectives being sought. Furthermore, while the aforementioned
description of the process and apparatus of Audit Print has been directed to the
actual printing of the text characters, audit print characters9 and reference line
numbers, the same concepts and techniques are equally applicable to any type of
operator readable output, including a wide variety of ~isual displays.
Various other modifications to the disclosed embodiments9 as well as
alternate embodiments, of the process and apparatus of the preserlt invention may
become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
