Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This invention relates to an elevator for storing
-~ granular material, and in particular to a grain elevator
In the following description and appended claims, the
` term granular material is intended to mean any grain-like
material such as those stored in silos or grain elevators.
While the primary purpose of the elevator is for storing grain,
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, it can also be used for storing other granular materials such
as bulk fertilizer.
:~ The grain elevator art has been and is relatively
; 10 static, i.e. the basic design of grain elevators has not changed
substantially for many years. A search in the grain elevator
art discloses little prior art. Such art includes U.S. Patents
Nos. 281,214, issued to W. Watson on July 10, 1883; 867,962,
issued to W.L. Finton on October 15, 1907; 1,580,073, issued
to W.O. Nothnagel on April 6, 1926; and 3,931,877, issued to
L.L. Albaugh on January 13, 1976.
One of the problems posed by existing grain elevators is
that they represent a fire hazard. If a fire starts in one
section of the elevator, it quickly spreads throughout the
whole elevator. Another problem is that, in general, grain
elevators, regardless of their size, are constructed completely
on site, i.e. the entire structure is produced at the location
where the elevator is desired. Thus, a large work force
and vast quantities of material must be provided at the site.
; The object of the present invention is to alleviate
at least partially the above-mentioned problems by providing a
simple modular elevator structure, the modules of which can be
prefabricated, and which prevent fire spreading throughout the
elevator.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to an elevator
for storing granular material comprising a plurality of parallel,
,
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:
vertically extending rows of inclined bins, each bin being
discrete with respect to all adjacent bins; first wall means
closing the upper ends of said bins; second wall means closing
the lower ends of said bins; eed means for individually loading
~each bin in each vertical row at the upper end thereof with
,? granular material; and normally closed discharge means for
individually unloading each said bin in each vertical row at
the lower end of the bin.
- More specifically, the invention relates to a grain
elevator comprising a building defined by a base, a top wall,
front and rear side walls and a pair of end walls; a plurality
of parallel, vertically extending rows of bins extending between
said front and rear side walls; feed means for individually
loading each bin in each vertical row at the upper end thereof
with grain; a normally closed discharge means for individually
unloading each said bin in each vertical row at the lower end
of the bin.
The bins are defined by modules in the form of preformed,
reinforced concrete sections, which are readily interconnected
at a site for quick construction of an elevatox. In the pre-
ferred form, the sections and consequently the bins are rectangular
in cross-sectional configuration, with a bottom wall and integral
side walls. When the sections are interconnected end-to-end
they form an elongated bin. A plurality of bins are stacked one
on top of another to form a vertical row of bins, the top of
each bin being closed by a superjacent bin, the tops of the
uppermost bins being closed by a roof.
; In order to enable the stacking defined above, a
connector is provided at each end of each bin section. The
connector is defined by a rectangular bearing block at each
end of and integral with each side of a bin section. The sides
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of the bearing block are parallel to the ends of the section
side to which the block is attached. The ends of the block
.
are inclined with respect to the base or web of the bin section
and perpendicular to the ends of the sides of the bin sections.
Thus, when the sections are stacked vertically to form inclined
; bins, the bearing bloc~s are vertically oriented, i.e. the
sides of the blocks are disposed in vertical planes and the ends
of such blocks are disposed in horizontal planes.
Prefabricated end walls at the upper and lower ends of
the bins incorporate the feed means and discharge means,
; respectively. The feed means includes a vertical passage
in a precast feed manifold for each vertical row of bins.
: The discharge means includes a discharge manifold for each
vertical row of bins, the manifold having a separate vertically
.
extending channel or passage for each bin.
= Grain carried into the elevator in trucks is weighed,
and then fed into receiving pitsv
.~ BUcket conveyors carry the grain to the top frontend of
the elevator where the grain is distributed along the length
.
of the elevator by screw conveyors. The screw conveyors carry
the grain to the top ends of feed chutes for feeding the grain
- into vertical loading passages in the precast feed manifolds
in thefront wall of the elevator. A plug is slidably mounted
in each loading passage for successively opening feed openings
in the upper, rear ends of the bins in a vertical row of bins.
The ends of a chain or cable are connected to the top and bottom
of the plug, the chain passing around pulleys or sheaves moun~ed
at the top and bottom ends of the loading passage. One of the
pulleys is driven by a motor or manually, so that the plug can
be raised or lowered at will. Thus, the bins are loaded individu-
ally at their upper frontends. Each feed manifold also includes a
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vertical overflow discharge passage parallel to the loading
passage. As each bin is i11ed, grain overflows through an
overflow opening in the upper rear end of the bin, and passes
downwardly through spouts to an overflow bin. Grain in the
overflow bin can be recirculated, i.e. returned to the receiving
pits to be conveyed by the bucket conveyors to the top of the
elevator.
:
The bins are unloaded into the discharge manifolds at
the rear end of the elevator. The discharge manifolds feed the
grain downwardly into discharge chutes, which carry the grain to
a horizontal beIt conveyor. The belt conveyor moves the yrain to
a shipping conveyor, and the latter carries the grain generally
horizontally to the front of the elevator from whence the grain
is fed upwardly via a vertical bucket elevator to one of the
lower bins ~hereinafter referred to as the shipping bin). Grain
from the shipping bin is fed into a shipping scale for weighing,
and returned to the top front of the elevator via the receiving
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pits and bucket conveyors. From the top front of the elevator,
the grain is discharged to a truck or fed through a top centre
discharge bin to a three-way valve at the top rear of the
~levator, from whence the grain can be (a) discharged into box
cars, (b) discharged into hopper cars, or (c) fed into the dis-
,
charge manifold for return to the horizontal belt conveyor and
recirculation via the horizontal shipping conveyor.
The invention will now be described in greater detail
with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a
preferred embodiment of the invention, and wherein:
Figure 1 is a schematic, perspective view from above
and one end of a grain elevator in accordance with the present
invention;
Figure 2 is an end view of the grain elevator of Fig. 1,
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illustratin~ the end opposite that shown in Fig. l;
-;~ Figure 3 is a rear view of the grain elevator of Figs. 1
and 2;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along
:
::`! line IV-IV of Fig. 3;
~ Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along
.*.
line V-V of Fig. 2;
. Figure 6 is an elevation view of a bin section of the
grain elevator;
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken generally along
line VII-VII of Fig. 6;
Figure 8 is an end view of the bin section of Figs. 6
and 7;
'
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the grain elevator
..
--~ taken generally along line IX-IX of Fig. 3, illustrating portions
'~ of grain receiving, feeding and discharge elements;
Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the elevator
-, taken generally along line X-X of Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of .a section of the
elevator taken generally along line XI-XI of Fig~ 10;
~ Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the upper front
- ! end of the grain eleva~or with parts removed taken generally
along line XII~XII of Fig. 2;
Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
along line XIII-XIII of Fig. 12,
Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
along line XIV-XIV of Fig. 12;
Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
along line XV-XV of Fig. 12;
Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
along line XVI-XVI of Fig. 12, with parts removed,
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Figur~ 17 is a schematic front view of a section of
the grain elevator with exterior structural elements removed;
Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
along line XVIII-XVIII of Fig. 17, with the parts replaced;
Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
~, along line XIX-XIX of Fig. 18;
~,
Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
along line XX-XX of Fig. 19;
:
Figure 21 is a schematic front view of the grain
elevator with parts removed to illustrate an overflow system
of the grain elevator;
Figure 22 is a front view of a section of a discharge
manifold used in the rear of the grain elevator;
Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view of the bottom rear
,. end of the grain elevator illustrating part of a grain discharge
system;
Figure 24 is a cross-sectional vièw of the rear end
of the elevator taken~generally along line XXIV-XXIV of Fig. 3;
Figure 25 is a front view of the grain discharge valve
of Fig. 24;
Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view taken generally
along line XXVI-XXVI of Fig. 25; and
Figure 27 is a schematic flow diagram of the path
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followed by grain in the elevator of Figs. 1 to 26.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF BASIC
STRUCTURE
It should be noted that in this specification the front
and rear of the elevator have been arbitrarily chosen to facili-
tate comprehension.
30With reference to the drawings and in particular to
Figs~ 1 to ~, the grain elevator of the present invention is
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a building defined by a foundation or base 1, front and rear
.
side walls 2 and 3, respectively, end walls 4 and 5, respectively,
and an inclined roof or top wall 6. A cowl 7 extends along
~ substantially the entire length of the front wall 2 and above
; the upper front end of the roof 6. An awning generally indi-
cated at 8 extends outwardly from the rear wall 3 of the building
.
along substantially the entire lenyth thereof. The awning 8 has
~ an open bottom end, and is defined by an inclined top wall 9,
.l an outer wall 10 and end walls 11.
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Except for the cowl 7 and the awning 8, which are formed
of metal, the elevator is formed mainly of pre-cast concrete
sections or panels. For example, the lower portion o the
front wall 2 is formed by pre-cast panels 12. The lower area of
the elevator is a service area generally indicated at 13 devoted
to office, warehouse and retail space, weighing, cleaning and
drying equipment and controls for operating the elevator. A
-., truck (not shown) can enter door 14 (Fig. 1) at one end 4 of
the building, unload`grain and exit through door 15 (Fig.2 ) in
the other end wall S of the building. As described in greater
detail hereinafter, trucks can be loaded with grain outside the
front wall 2 of the elevator or train cars on rail siding 16
(Figs. 2 and 4) ~an be loaded with grain at the rear of the
building. The awning 8 covexs the train cars during filling
on th~ siding 16. The area above the service area 13 is occupied
by a plurality of vertical rows of inclined bins generally
indicated at 17 for storing grain or another granular material.
The bins 17 are inclined from the front wall 2 to the rear ~all 3
of the eleva~or. For the most part/ the area under the front
cowl 7 contains bin loading el~ments, and the area at the rear
of the elevator contains bin emptying apparatus.
As best illustrated in Fig. 5, the parallel~ vertical
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rows of bins 17 are formed by overlapping the bins in one row
with the bins in the adjacent row, i.e. by resting one bottom
~ side edge of one bin on the top side edge of a bin in the
';
adjacent parallel row of bins. Thus, the bins 17 in one vertical
` row are vertically sta~gered with respect to the bins in the
next vertical row, and on the same level as the bins in the
following vertical row. The roof 6 of the elevator is formed
s by two different types oE panels 18 and 19, so that the roof is
inclined~ with a crenelated cross-sectional configuration, i.e.
the roof is defined by a series of parallel rectangular grooves
-~ alternating with parallel rectangular projections sloping rear-
wardly from the cowl 7 to the rear wall 3 of the building.
. ```.~ - DETAILS OF BIN STRUCTURE
,,
, Referring to Figs. 6 to 8, the bins 7 are ~ormed by
;~ reinforced concrete sections generally indicated at 20. Each
s bin section 20 is in the form of an elongated, generally U-
..
shaped trough defined by planar, vertical sides 21 joined by a
bottom web 22. Each side 21 includes a central panel 23. An
outwardly projecting flange 24 extends along the top of the
panel 23, a similar flange 25 extends along the bottom of the
panel, and reinforcing ribs 26 extend between the flanges 24
and 25. The top flange 24 is provided with a small, longitudin-
ally extending ridge 27, and the bottom flange includes a small,
longitudinally extending groove 28~ When the sections 20 are
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. stacked, the ridges 27 and recesses 28 fit together to provide
a stable seal.
.
The ends of each side 21 (upper and lower ends when the
section is in the inclined position) are provided with rectangu-
lar bearing blocks 29. The bearing blocks 29 are integral with
the ends of the sides 21 of the bin section 20. Each bearing
block 29 has sides parallel to the ends or sides of the side 21
.,
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to which the bearing ~lock is attached. Top an2 bottom ends 30
and 3I, respectively of each bearing block 29 are inclined with
respect to the web 22 and perpendicular to ends 32 of the sides
21, so that when the bin sections 20 are stacked vertically to
form inclined bins 17, the bearing blocks 29 are vertically
oriented for supporting the maximum load. The top end 30 of
each bearing block 29 is provided with a cylindrical recess 33
for receiving a pin 34 in the bottom end of a superjacent bearing
block 29. Of course, other forms of connectors can be used
.
including the use of cast in place concrete sections. Also, a
recess can be provided in the top and bottom of each bearing
block 29, and dowels inserted in the recesses to connect the bin
sections.
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GRAIN RECEIVING APPARATUS
. -- .
, Referring to Figs. 9 to 11, a truck (not shown) carrying
~i grain upon entering the building stops on a truck scale 35. A
grain scale 36 is mounted on a support 37 in the area of the
truck lane. As described in greater detail hereinafter, grain
being weighed (for discharge) passes downwardly from the scale 36
via arms 38 and 39 of a chute 40 into the receiving pits 41 an~
42. Grain from the truck is dumped into one of receiving pits
41 or 42. Grain flowing from the bottom of the receiving pits
41 or 42 enters one arm or front leg 43 of vertical bucket
elevator 44 or 45. The bucket elevators 44 and 45 contain bucket
conveyors (not shown) for carrying the grain to the top of the
elevator, i.e. upwardly into top end 46 of the cowl 7. The
conveyor travels up the arm 43 and returns to the bottom of the
elevator via arm 47.
Grain is discharged from the top ends of bucket elevators
44 and 45 vla nozzles 48 in top hoods 49 and three-way valves 50.
~pon leaving the three-way valves 50, the grain is fed (i) via
ducts 51 and a feed box 52 to screw conveyor5 53 and 54 in
,
. _ g _
~ 67
; casing 55 for filling all ~ut the ~entral bins 17, (ii) via
ducts 56 and a two-way valve 57 to the central vertical row of
bins or a truck, (iii) via ducts 58 direct to the screw con-~eyors
,
53 and 54. The locations of the front, upper ends of the nine
vertical rows of bins 17 are numbered 59 to 67. Grain passing
through the ducts 51 and the feed box 52 or through the ducts 58
enters the casing containing the screw conveyors 53 and 54, and
is carried by the conveyors 53 and 54 to the top ends of chutes 68.
.
~ The chutes 68 feed the grain into the rows 59 to 62 and 64 to 67
, 10 of bins. The conveyors 53 and 54 are driven at their outer ends.
A service platform 69 (Figs. 12 and 13~ is provided at the hood
end of the two vertical bucket elevators 44 and 45. ~lotors 70
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- for driving the bucket conveyors in the pipes 44 and 45 are mountec
, on ledges 71 on the sides of the pipes 44 and 45 above the plat-
i ~ form 69~
With reference to Figs. 15 and 17 to 20, the inner front
wall is defined by concrete panels 70, each of which includes
,s ~ a planar vertical web 71 and inwardly extending vertical par~i-
s tions 72. By attaching plywood panels 73 to the inner edges of
, 20 the partitions 72, a feed manifold containing vertical extending
i ~ passages is formed. One passage 74 of each manifold in front of
, each vertical row of bins is used as a grain feed passage. Grain
.
l from a screw conveyor 53 or 54, or from two-way valve 57 passes
s ,, through a gate 75 (Figs. 12 and 16) on the bottom of the screw
'~ conveyors 53 and 54 and then through chutes 68 downwardly into the
top end of the passage 74. Each passage 74 is provided with a
rectangular plug 76 which substantially fills the passage, prevent-
ing the passage of grain. A cable 77 connected to the top end of
the plug 76 passes around a pulley 78 mounted above the passage
74 in the cowl 7, do~nwardly through an adjacent passage 79,
around a pulley 80 mounted at the bottom end of the panels 70 and
upwardly in the passage 74 to the bottom end of the plug 76. A
.
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reversible motor (not shown? is connected to the pulley 78 for
moving the plug 76 down or up. Alternatively, the plug 76 can
be manually raised or lowered using a handle (not shown) connected
to the pulley 80. A counterweight'81 on the cable 77 in the
:1 passage 79 facilitates movement of the plug 76. Flags 82 on the
. cable 77 provide an indication o the location of -the plug 76,
and may be used to activate sensors or switches as part of an
automated control system.
The''plywood panels 73 form covers over the upper, front
ends of the bins 17. In each vertical row of bins, a feed opening
83 from the passage 74 is provided in the plywood panels 73 at
`t the top end of each bin 17. The feed opening 83 is normally
closed by a gate 84. An overflow opening 85 is provided below
the top end and a~ove the bottom end of each feed opening 83 in
` the panels 73. The openings 85 connect the upper end of the
.;~
bins 17 to overflow passages 86 in the feed manifold adjacent to
the feed passages 74. Thus, when a bin 17 becomes filled with
grain, the grain overflows through the opening %5 into overflow
passages 86. The grain passes downwardly to the lower ends of
20 the feed manifolds where it is discharged through spouts 87 into
overflow bins 88 (Fig. 21). Discharge ducts 89 at the bottom ends
o~ the overflow bins 88 provided with gates 90 feed the grain
back into the bucket elevators 44 and 45 for return to the top of
the elevator.
Grain entering the bins 17 flows downwardly from the upper
front end thereof to the lower rear end thereof. Upon reaching
the lower rear end, the grain slides down a spout 100 on the
outer end of the lowermost bin section into a discharge manifold
101 (Fig. 22). The spouts 100, which are formed on the lowermost
bin sections only, are merely ~-shaped central end portions of
the bin sections. Each vertical row 59 to 67 of bins 17 is pro-
vided with a discharge manifold 101. The discharge manifolds 101
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are somewhat similar to the feed manifolds. Each discharge mani-
~old 101 includes an inner wall panel 102 and an outer wall panel
103 (Fig. 3). Partitions 104 extend between the inner and outer r
panels 102 and 103, forming discharge passages 105 to 109. In
one vertical row o bins, e.g. row 60 or 62, an opening (not
shown) in panel 102 from uppermost bin 110 discharges into
passage 105, an opening from the next bin 111 opens into the
passage 109, bin 112 opens into the passage 106, and bin 113 opens
into the passage 107. In the adjacent row of bins, e.g. row 59
or~61, the bins (from top to bottom) open into passages 105, 109,
106, 108 and 107, in that order. In order to effect the,discharge
pattern gust described diagonal dividing walls 114, 115, 116 and
117 are provided in the manifold 101. The uppermost diagonal
wall 114 extends between the third (fr~m the left) vertical parti-
.
tion and the first partition, with a gap between bottom ends of
the first and second vertical partitions above the diagonal wall
114 and the top of such diagonal wall. The next diagonal wall
115 extends between the second and fourth vertical partitions in
a gap in the third and fourth vertical partitions. The second
wall 115 slopes in the opposite direction to the wall 114. The
last two diagonal dividing walls 116 and 117 extend between the
- second and third walls, one inclined in one direction and the
other in another direction. The result is gaps in each vertical
partition through which grain can flow ~rom one and only one of
; the bins 17. Grain from the lowermost bin 113 flows downwardly
from beneath the lowermost diagonal wall 117 s~raight out of the
lowermost bin through passage 107. In effect, the vertical part-
itions and diagonal dividing walls define a maze-type discnarge
manifold, which permits the flow of grain from one bin only. It
will be noted that in both cases illustrated in Fig. 22, the
chute 100 at the bottom of each bin 17 is aligned with one
passage l~S to 109 only.
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There is no gate closing the opening at the lower ends
of the bins 17, i.e. the bins open directly into the passages
105 to 109. Thus, when the bins 17 are being filled, grain flo~s
downwardly into the manifold 101 and fills discharge spouts 118
; (Figs. 9 and 10) at the bottom ends of the discharge manifold.
The spouts llB extend inwardly to the casings of belt conveyors
119 and 120. A simple slide gate 121 (Fig. 10) is provided at
the junction between the bottom end of each spout 118 and the
casings of the conveyors 119 and 120. The s]ide gates 121 are
also controlled by the automated control system.
; The conveyors 119 and 120 transport the grain inwardly
to a shipping belt conveyor 122 (Figs. 9 to 11 and 23). The
s conveyor 122 carries the grain forwardly at the bottom of the
~, elevator to a vertical bucket elevator 123, which is beside and
parallel to the vertical bucket elevator 45. As shown in Fig. 10,
.-~
the bucket elevator 123 has two legs 124 and 125 for housing a
bucket conveyor (not shown), which moves the grain upwardly to
-i a hood 126 for discharge into a two-way valve 127 (Figs. 10 and
27). Grain passing through the valve 127 is fed (i) into a pipe
128 for loading a truck outside the front wall 2 of the ele~7ator,
or (ii~ through a pipe 129 to one of the bins 17, which is des- -
ignated the shipping bin and is identified by reference numeral
130 in the drawings. Minox discrepancies have been left in the
:
foregoing description of the bins 17 to avoid confusion. The
,
bin 130 is not filled with the o~her bins, but is used exclusivel~
, .'s
as a shipping bin. The same applies to top central bin 131,
(Fig 5) which is a discharge bin, as described in greater detail
hereinafter.
Grain in the shipping bin 130 is discharged through a
bottom gate (not shown) in the bin into a spout 132 for carrying
the grain to the scale 36. A gate 133 is provided in the spout
132 ~or controlling the flow of grain to the scale 36. After
_ 13
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~6~67
weighing~ grain is again fed through the receiving bins 41 and
42, returned to the upper top end 46 of the cowl 7, and dis-
charged through the spouts 48, three-way valves 50, ducts 56 and
two-way valve 57 to the centre row of bins and then to the top,
central discharge bin 131.
As shown in Figs. 24 to 26, the bottom of the bin 131
at the lower rear end thereof is continued through the manifold
101 to the outer rear wall of the elevatorO To this end, a
: concrete plug 134 is provided in the manifold 101. An opening
: 10 135 in the outer wall 103 of the manifold 101 permits the dis-
charge of grain through a chute 136 into a three-way valve 137.
The opening 135 is normally closed by a gate 138 slidably mounted
in tracks 139 defined by slots in the sides of a guide bracket
140 mounted on the outer wall 103 of the manifold 101. The gate
138 is moved between the open and closed positions by a fluid
actuated cylinder 141, the piston 142 of which is connected to
tne upper end of the gate 138. The three-way valve 137 permits
the flow of grain to one of (i) a hopper car 143 (Fig. 24) on
the rail siding 16 via an outlet duct 144, (ii) a boxcar (not
- ;
shown) via an outlet duct 145 or (iii) a passage 105 in the dls-
charge manifold 101 via a spout 146 and an inlet 147.
It should be noted that while the bin 131 (the top centre
bin) has been described as the discharge bln, any or all of the
top bins in the vertical rows 59, 61, 63, 65 and 67 (Fig. 5) can
be used as discharge bins.
OPERATION
For the most part, the operation of the elevator is
described piecemeal in the foregoing. For the sake of complete-
ness, the operation will now be described with reference to
Fig. 27.
Grain carried into the elevator in a truck 148 is dumped
into receiving pits or bins 41 a~d 42. Fxom the bins 41 and 42
. q~
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the grain travels upwardly to the three-way valves 50 at the
:
upper front end of the elevator. From the three-way valves 50,
the grain flows through ducts 51 or 58 into the conveyors 53
and 54 for distribution to the bins 17 in vertical rows 59 to 62
and 64 to 67, or through two-way valve 57 to the central row 63
of bins or to a truck 149. The bins 17 are filled sequentially
with graln via the feed manifolds. As the bins 17 are filled,
the grain also fills the discharge manifolds 101. When the
slide gates 121 at the bottom of the spouts 118 are opened, grain
. 10 is fed onto the belt conveyors 119 and 120. The gates 121 can
be opened selectively, i.e. individually or en masseu The
conveyors 119 and 120 feed the grain to the shipping conveyor
122, which carries the grain to the vertical bucket elevator 123.
From the buc]cet elevator 123 the grain enters the shipping bin
i 130, and is transferred to the scale 36 for weighing. The grain
- then travels back to the receiving bins 41 and 42, through bucket
elevators 44 and 45 to the top front end of the elevator, and
; through the ducts 56 to a feed box 57. From the feed box 57 the
grain enters the discharge bin 131, and from the bin 131, the
..
grain passes through the three-way valve 137 to a hopper car 143
or a boxcar 151.
SU~ARY
There has thus been described a modular elevator for
grain or other granular material formed predominantly of pre-
.
cast concrete. The elevator is capable of extremely high throush-
put, is flexible in terms of capacity, and is relatively efficient.
While not mentioned hereinbefore, the slope of the bins
may be important depending on the type of material being stored
in the elevator. The usual slope of the bins is 30. However,
any slope above 22~5~ is acceptable for filling, the preferred
range of slope being 22.5 to 30~. ~mptying can be effected over
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a wide range of slopes, except that a thin layer of grain is left
on the bin floor with lesser slopes. If left in the bins, such
grain could contaminate the subsequent contents of the bins.
Dry barley left no residue for slopes exceeding 28, but tough
barley requires a slope of approximately 30.5 to completely
:~.
clear the residue. Since tough barley is wetter than would be
accepted, a slope of 30 should be adequate.
In practice, the structure described hereinbefore and
illustrated in the drawings is intended to have a storage
capacity o~ approximately 206,000 bushels. Additional modules
can be added either during or after construction to increase
the capacity of the elevator. The first such additional module
would be added at the front of the base structure to increase
storage capacity and provide a second driveway with a second
receiving scale. Additional modules of approximately 55,000
.:3 bushel capacity could be added to either end of the elevator.
The possibility of expanding the elevator makes the building
; ` suitable for handling grain in any farm community.
Additional features of the invention described herein-
before include the fact that grain cars can be loaded relativelyquickly. Moreover, unlike conventional elevators, virtually all
bin space is utilized. The use of a pre-cast structure is
relatively adaptable. BY suitable arrangement of transfer eguip-
ment, i.e. the loading and unloading devices, entirely different
commodities such as grain and bulk fertilizer can be handled in
a single elevator in much the same manner as they would be
handled in separate structures. The use of sloping bins in the
elevator eliminatesoverpressures due to charging and discharging.
While they have not been describeA in detail because they
.
do not form part of the present invention, cleaning and drying
equipment~ an~ office, warehouse and retail space are provided
16
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in the lower part of the elevator. While the elevator is no
big~er than a conventional double composite 170,000 bushel
capacity elevator, it is still capable of storing 206,000 bushels
of grain. The manager of the elevator can carry out all elevator
business from one central location. Such business includes the
weighing and receiving of grain, operating elevator controls,
and sales. By maintaining the air pressure in the office and
warehouse areas higher than in the driveway, an acceptable dust-
free environment can be maintained.
Finally, the elevator structure is designed to reduce
the danger of fire or explosion to a minimum. The use of pre-
cast concrete sections closed by concrete panels at each end is
important. An explosion in one bin could break the wall panel
at the end of such bin free of the remaining structure, and,
if enough force was generated, blast the panel through the metal
siding. However, if a fire or explosion occurs in one area,
damage is restricted to such area and does not readily spread
to the remainder of the elevator.
.'
~ 20
.
, .
. _ '
.
~ - 17
;
