Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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~I~L;E O~ ~HE :I~V~ION
l~PP~IJS FOR lYE~U~ACTUR-~G ~ DR~ aORES
BAG~GROU~D 0~ IO~ ;
ield oî the ~i~e~tio~
~he ~ ention relates to îoun~ a~d more pa~ticularlg
:~ to equipmerl~ for manu~actur~ fsu~drg cores in a heat0d ~ool
~ he i~ent~on can be emplo~ed at au~om~tiYe9 ~itary
e~gixleer ~ g, electrical engineering, machine buildi ~ and
other indu~tri~l production work~ inherent to which i9 a large-
lot a~d ma98 charaoter o~ productio~
. 2. Description o~ the Prior Art
In rec~nt years, methods ~or manufacturing ~oundry cores
d~rectly in core boxe~ h~e found exte~ive ap~lication
world practice, these being ~he ~o-called "hot-box" and "cola.
bo~'l pro~ess~.
~ he ~hot-bo~" process pro~des fo~ ~he manu~ac~ure of
cores by blo~i~g a core~sand composed o~ sand, a binder and
a ca~alyst into a heated core boxO The core sand ha~d~ns ~ -
der the action o~ hsat ~nd oî the catalyst throu~h a rapid
polymerization of the bi~der. ~ou~d~ mach~e buildi~g WOI'k8
m~ufacture a r~ge o~ multi-~ta*ion apparatus op~rating o~
the "hot-bo~:" principle. ~he apparatu~ clude~ a co~e-blow-
~g mach~e, devices for disa~embli:~g core boxes arld del~-
ver~g fi~ hed core-c~, a device for heati~g ~e core bo:æe~
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a~d a transportation means for movi~g the core boxes Irom o~e
sta~ion to another5
~he apparatus operates as ~ollow~.
In the ~irst statio~, a hot box is pressed aga~n~t a
~a~d-blowIng plate and filled with ~and.,~he ~eco~d sba~ s
intended ~or ~ape¢ti:~g ~d ~harlgi~s th~ ~o~;~e box~, 31exb, th~
~and hardens i~ several statlons, as the core bo~es are heated
by either passing them through a heating chamber or e~ergizing
heaters,built'I~to them. In the last station, the core boxes
are opened ~nd, after a ~Inis~ed core is removed, blown with
compr~ssed air.
~ he 7'cold-box'~ process pr~vides ~or the manu~acture o~
cores by blo~ a cold core bo~ with sa~d a~d a subseQuerlt
hard~:~g thereof either throu~h bIo~ by a gaseous catalyst
(~shland cold-~ox process) or the use oî a :highly reactive
blinder with ~ greater amou~t o~ c~talyst (~ascold or Gisag
cold-box process~. . -
E~uipmellt for manufaGturing foundry core~ Qn the "coldbox" pr~ciple has become widely k~owrL.
- Overall, the equipment operati~g orL the ~Ihot-bo~c~ ~d
"cold-box" pri~ciples t 1ivhile er~ ing ef~iciency, increasillg
~trength of` sarld and impro~i~ working conditions,, ~ails to
pro~ide an eî~ective ve~tilatiorl o~ cores, ~ particular, such
as cores for heating boilers and- radiators which are cast with
metal on all sides a~d, ex~ept for two small core prints9 are
out of contact ~vith a mouldO As sa:rld hardsns u~ifo:~mly througih-
- ou~ the croæs section, ~re~s i~ coreæ a:re obtained and commu-
nica~ed with the atimosphere b~ u~acturing cores o~ two
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hal~es which are glued together5 ~he~e additio~al process
operations substantiall~ complica~e the manu~acture o~ coresj
raise labour requirement~, pre3udics geometric and d~me~slo~al
accuracies OI ~ores~ hinder a complex automatlo~ of core m~u-
facture~
~ here are k~lown a method a:nd an apparatu~ :eOr ca:rrgi~g
the method into effect ~hich are ~ree o~ the above ~ortcoming
(see ~RG pate:n~ llo~ 2~239,057, cl. B 22 C 9/10)~
~ he method consists in that a fluid a~d is pres~ed i~to
a heated core box, the core box is ~ealed tight, then, a~ter
a specified hol ~ ~ecessary to harden ~he s~nd, a ~Inished
core i~ removea.
~ he method enables an~ core~ to be ~abricated m a single
pi.ece, aæ a natu-ral canal or porosit~ is ~ormed ~n the middle
o~ the core in the course of hardeni~ through which gase~
be e~ectiYel~ ~ented~ ~he apparatus is compo~ed o~ capacities
and batchers of starti~g sand components, a mi~:er with a gate
shutting off a dischar~se por~, a pressing c~linder with a ram~
a bat¢h~Lg chamber; a slid:lng damper wi~h a:cl expan~ible nozzle~
a lif~ing ta~le, and opera~eQ in the manner belo~0
Star~ing compo~ent~ of the ~and are ~ed In~o the miæer~
~tirred there~9 moving i~ the process toward the discharge
por~9 where a fi~ished ~luid sand is fo3~med and tra~ erred
in~o the b~tchi~g cham~er ha~:Lng the dampar i~ its bot~om
par*. On~e the ba~ching chamber is filled with ~a~d~ the ga~e
clo~e~ the dischargs port o~ the mixer, th~ damper slide~ to
align the ~ozzle with the b~tGhi~g chamber, while ~he tabl~
lif~ and forces a heated core bo~ agai~st the noz~le. ~he xam
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i5 acted upon b~ a pres~ing c~linder to pack ~and into the core
boxO O~ce this is completed, the core box is sealed to prevent
sand from being ejected through the inlet ope~ing, A~ter a ¢er-
tain time necessar~ ~or the ~oam to abate a~d the sand to lose
mobility, the core box can be tra:~3ferred to a next ~ta~ionO
~he damper closes aga~n ~he bottom of the batc:h~ ohamber, the
ram retur~s to initial position, and th~ ~ate opens the di~-
c~arge port o~ the mixer. ~he c~cl~ is then repeated.
~ he pressure i~ the core box may rise u~der a certa~
set of cond~ions a~ld attain a ~alue sufîicie~ for o~ercomi~g
~he weigh~ o~ the top hal~ o~ the oore box. ~herefore, if a
core box, after it has been packed and sealed, i~ held at the
pressi~ position for a certai~ period of time, the ~op half
htereof will be forced up, a~d ~ome sand will be ~pilled out
along the part ~ plane, this una~oidably resulti~g in a de-
rective core.
-Sa~d harden~ng requires much more time as compared to
~he "hot-bo~" and~the "cold-bo~" processes~ since hardenI~g
takes place ma m}y through vaporization o~ moisture ~rom the
~luid 8ando
~ he prolonged holding of the core a~ter sand is pressed
and the greater sand hardenI~g ~ime lead to a sub~tantiall~
lo~ger core manufacturin~ cycle and ~hu~ appreciabl~ lower
both the e~icienc~ of the machine a~ compared to equipm~t
operating on the l'hot-boæ" and the '~cold--bo2:'t princip~es and9
there~ore~ the advantages t:he machine may o~fsr i~ large-lot
and mass production runs.
A material di~adva~age OI the known mach~rLe is tha~
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lacks ~n de~ices permanently fa~tening together the halve~ o~
a core box ~rom the momen~ it is pac~ed to the mome~t it i3
opened. ~ iairly long holdin~ o~ a core box compressed between
the table a~d the pressi~g mechanism, once the saad ha~ been
packed, necessary to allow the sa~d pressure i~ ~he core box
to ~all o~f ~u~icie~tly and ~o prevent the top o~ ~he ~ore
box îrom being lifted once the core box is ~et îree, br~gs
dow~ the e:E~iciency o~ the multi-statio~ machi~e, a~d in the
~inal a~alysi8 ~ provide~ no absolute guarantee that the top
hal~ o~ the core box will ~ot be dislodged ~ertically by the
residual pressure. A result o~ these molreme~ts may be a dis-
to:F~ion o~ geometric dimenQions of cores a3ld a poorer quality
thereof ~
S~ldll~ARY OF ~ ION
It is thereîore an object of l~e in~entio:~ to ~rovide
an apparatus ~or manu~acturing ~oundry coreæ of high both di-
m~sional ahd geometric accuracies.
~- Another object of the invention is to pro~ide an appara~
tus designea to e~sure a reliable ~astening of hal~es o~ the
core box from the:mome~t o~ time preeedmg ~ressing o~ sand to
the moment o~ time of disassembl~ ~nd to elIminate mo~ements
o~ the top hal~ o~ ~he core box i~ the vertical plane~
Still a~other object o~ the inYen~ion is to increase the
e~fici~ncy of the apparatus~
~ he abo~e and other ob~ects are attaIQed i~ an apparatus
for manufacturing foun~ cores, compri~ing a support;i~ frame
formed with two tiers~ the bottom tier car~yi~g a tranæpor~a--
3277
tion means and transfer tableæ, and the top one, sand prepa-
ration and pressing mecha~isms, a pu~her with a ¢roQspiece, a
heatIng chamber a~d mecha~ism~ ~or disassembling the core boxe~
and delivering a finished core, provided9 according to the i~
ve~tion, with a davioe ~or faste~I~g together halveg o~ the
¢ore boxes~ locabed before ~he hea~ing cham~er~ and a de~ce
mounted behind the heating chamber and intended for unfasten
ing the hal~es of the core boxes, each of the core boxe3 con-
taining two horizo~tal rods with conical eleme~ts, placed in
the bottom half o~ the core boxe~ and cooperating wi~h the
: a~o~P devioe~ for fastenIng and nnfastenIng the core boxe~p
and two vertical rods secured to the ~op half o~ the core bo~e~
a~d haviQg at their bottom ends slQts a~d conical ori~ices in-
~e~ded for cooperating with the conical elements o~ the hori-
zontal rods.
It is advisable to ha~e the de~ice for fastening the
hal~es of the core boxes buil-t a~ horizontal pisto~ actuators
hi4~ed ~o the pusher crosspiece, and the device ~br uD~aste~-
i~g the halve~ o~the ~ore boxes, as a bracket with adju~table
stops, mounted o~ ~he mecha~ism ~or di~assembling the core
boxe~. .
AccordIng to the invention, the trans~r table lifts a
hea~ed core bo:~: from ~he transportation mea~s and deli~er3 i~
to the pressing mechanism. ~he devices ~or ~aste~ g the hal~es
of the core box ae-t upo~ the horizontal rods thereo~ i~ a
manner ~hat the conical elements o~ t~e horizontal rod~ enter
the co~ical orifices of the vertical rods. This results i~
their wedging so that both halYe~ of ~he core box are reliably
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~astenedO ~his operatio~ eliminates the need ~or holding the
hal~es o:f the c~re boxes together after pressin~ and substa~-
tial~y reduces tha c~cle of operation o~ the apparatus. ~he
dev~ce~ ~or fasteni~g the halves o~ the core box are hinged bo
the pu~her cros~piece, this pre~enting aooideQbs should bhe
mobile elements ~ail to return to initial po~itio~. ~he pr0s-
8ing mechani~m packs sand prepared b~ the s~d prepara*io~
mechanism) in~o the core box, the core box is sealed a~d direct-
1~ transferred by the pusher to the heating chamber which holds
a ~umber of other core boxes. ~3 SOO~ as a first core box is
pushed into the heating chamber, the last core box is dischar-
ged Into the zone o~ action o~ a mechanism for delivering a
finished core which pulls the core box o~er to the tran~fer
tableO At the end of stroke, the horizontal rods o~ the core
box meet the adaustable stops o~ the brackets mounted on ~he
mechani~m for disassembling the core boxes, and the core boxe~
are returned to Initial position~ ~his gives rise to a wedging
action which un~aste~ the halves of the core box. The co~ical
elements o~ the horizo~ta~ rods are mo~ed out of the conical
ori~ices of the vertical rods, and~ simulta~eously, the core
box is unsealed. In this manner, the movemen~ of the core box
upon the trans~er table is pu~ to good advantage, ~ul~hll~ng
two additio~al operations, the ~ecessary le~gth o~ movement
being determIned by the adjus~able stop~ pro~ided on the me
cha~ism for disassembling the core boxes which opens the core
box, whereas the vertical rods are disengaged ~rom the horl- -
zon~al rods owing to the provisio~ o~ slots~
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Once ~he core is remo~ed, the core box i~ re-assembled
by the mechanism ~or disassembling the core boxe~ and lo~ered
by the transfer table upo~ the tra~sportabion means which re-
tur~es the core box to the pressin~ mechanism sba*io~
~ he multi-sta~io~ apparatus is built o~ two tiers~ 50 ag
to minimize the width thereof a~d ~acilibate its ~ibing on
existi~g ~loorspace. The apparatus roug~ly doubles the manu-
Iacturing capacity and stabilizes the qualit~ of cores~, It
should be emphasized ~hat a reliable fastenin~ o~ the ha~es
of the core box ~rom the moment o~ time a ~luid sand is pac~ed
therei~ to the mome~t o~ time ~he core box is disassembled
substantially reduces the pollution OI the mechanism~ and makes
the core manu~acturing proces~ clea~erO
BRIEF ~ESCRIP~IO~ OF ~E DRAWINGS
~ hese and ot~er objects and ~eatures of the invention
become readil;y apparent from embodiment~ thereo~ ~hich will
~ow be described by wa~ of example with reference to the ac-
comp~i~g drawi:llgs, irL which: -
~ ?IG. 1 i~ a ge~eral view of the appa:ratus for manufae-
tn~i~g- ~ou~dry cores9
FIG. 2 is a Yiew along arrow "A" on FIG.1;
FIG. 3 is a section throllgh III-III o~ FIGD2;
~ IG~I 4 i a section through ~-IV on :FIG.3;
FIG. 5 is a seetioll through V-V on ~IG~;
FIGo 6 ~s a ~iew along arrow l1B" ~ ~IG.5.
DESCRIP~IO~ OF ~HE PR;E~:RRED E~ODIlE~T
ap~pa~atus for manu~acturing ~oundry core~ (F:l:GS.1
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through 6) ~ncludes a supporting frame 1 ~ormed wibh ~wo tiers,
the bottom o~e carrying a transportation means 2 a~d trans~er
tables ~ and 4, and the t~p one, a ~and preparation mechRni~m
5~ a pres~ing mechanism 6, a push~r 7 with a crosspiece 8 ha-
ving pisto~ actuators 9 hinged thereto, a hea~In~ chamber 10
a mechanism 11 ~or disassembling core boxes wi~h bra~ke~ 12
and ad~ustable stops 13 and a mecha~ism 14 ~or delivering
nished cores~
A core box 15 contains a top 16 and a bottom 17 hal~es
locked one to another by pins 18 and buqhings 19~ ~he top hal~
16 carrie~ on diagonally opposite side~ ~ertical rods 20 with
co~ical orifices 21 a~d slots 22 and built~in gates 23 ser~ing
to seal the core box 15. ~hs bottom hal~ 17 incorporates ejec-
tors 24 and bushings 25 intended as guides ~or horizon~al rod~
26 with conical eleme~ts 27. Sand is charged Into the core box
through mlet ori~ices 28. The apparatus operates as follows.
~ he transfer table 4 lifts the core box ~5 f~om the trans~
por~ation means 2 ænd deliYers it to the pressing mecha~ism 6~
!l!he piston ac~uators 9 mo~e the hor370ntal rods 26 of the core
bo~ 15 inæide the bushings 25 so as ~o ~n~age the co~ical ele
me~ts 27 of the ho~izontal rods 26 into the collical orificeæ
21 of the vertical rods 20~ ~his produces a wedging effect
which locks together the hal~es o~ the core box 15. ~he pres-
sir~ mecha~ism 6 pac~s sand t~rough the i~le~ orifices 28,
~upplied by the sand preparation mech~nism 5. The gates 23 are
mo~ed to close ~he orifiGes 2~9 a~d the core box is sealed and
directed b.~ the pus~er 7 into the heat~ chamber 10 which
accommodates se~eral o~her core boxes. ~s a ~re~h core box 1
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charged in~o the heating chamber, a last core bo~ is dischar-
ged therefrom into the zone of action of the mechanism 14 for
deli~ering finished cores~ ~he mecha~ism 14 pulls the core box
from the heati~g chamber 10 onto the trans~er table ~ whl~h i8
the~ in the top positio~ A~ the end of a sbroke~ bhe horizo~-
tal rodc 26 meet the adjus~able stops 1~ o~ the mecha~ism 11
for disassembling core boxes and are guided b~ ~ushings 25 i~bo
initial positio~. ~his produces a wedgi~g effect which opens
the hal~es of the core box. ~he conical elements 27 o~ the
horizo~tal rods 26 are mo~ed ou~ o~ the conical orifices 21 o~
the ~ertical rods 20. Simultaneously~ the core box is unsealed,
and the gates 23 thereof return to lnitial position.
~ he mechanism 1i ~or disassembling core boxes opens the
core bo2, and the vertical rods 20 disengage them~elves from
the horizo~tal rods 26 owiDg to ~he slots 22~ Once a core is
pushed out by the ejectors 24 and-removed ~rom the core box~
the co-re bo~ is re-assem~led and lowered by the trans~er table
3 upon the transporta~io~ means 2 which mo~es it toward the
tran~fer table 40 ~noth~r cy~le of~operatio~ o~ the appara~uæ
8tarts when the trans~er table ~ moves upwards together wi~h
the coxe box.
The apparatus according to th~ mve~ion pro~ides a ~
rou$hly double efficie~c~ as compared to exi~tIag coremAkI~g
machines9 while retai~ing high both dimensio~al and geometric
accuracîes of cores.
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