Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
--1--
ADSORBED HY3RAZIDE NUCLEATING AGENTS AND PHOTO~RAPHIC
ELEMENTS CONTAINING SUCH AGENTS
Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to novel
photographic emulsions and elements and to novel adsorbed
arylhydrazide nucleating agents. More specifically~ this
invention is directed to novel adsorbed arylhydrazide
nucleating agents and to photographic emulsions and ele-
ments containing such nucleating agents in combination
with silver halide grains capable o~ forming an internal
latent image.
Background of the Invention --
Photographic elements which produce imageshaving an optical density directly related to the radia-
tion received on exposure are said to be negative-working.
A positive photographic image can be formed by producing a
negative photographic image and then ~orming a second
photographic image which is a negative of the ~irst
negative--that is, a positive image. A direct-p~sitive
image i6 understood in photography to be a positive image
that is formed without first forming a negative image.
Positive dye images which are not direct-positive images
are commonly produced in color photography by reversal pro-
cessing in which a negative silver image is formed and a
complementary positive dye image is then formed in the
same photographic element. The term "direct reversal" has
been applied to direct-positive photographic elements and
processing which produces a positive dye image without
forming a negative silver image. Direct-positive photog-
raphy in general and direct reversal photography inparticular are advantageous in providing a more straight-
forward approach to obtaining positive photographic
images.
A conventional approach to forming direct-positive
images is to use photographic e~ements employing internal
latent image-forming silver halide grains. After imagewise
:
. .
.
~L3~rJ~
-- 2 --
exposure, the silver halide grains are developed with a
surface developer -- that is, one which will leave the
latent image sites within the silver halide grains substan-
tially unrevealed. Simultaneously, either by uniform light
exposure or by the use of a nucleating agent, the silver
halide grains are subjected to development conditions that
would cause fogging of a negative-wor~ing photographic ele-
ment. The internal latent image-forming silver halide grains
which received actinic radiation during imagewise exposure
develop under these conditions at a comparatively slow rate,
as compared to the internal latent image-forming silver
halide grains not imagewise exposed. The result is a direct-
positive silver image. In color photography, the oxidized
developer that is produced during silver development is used
to produce a corresponding positive, direct reversal dye
image. Multicolor direct reversal photographic images have
been extensively investigated in connection with image-
transfer photography.
It has been found advantageous to employ nucleating
agents in preference to uniform light exposure in the process
described above. The term l'nucleating-agent" is employed
herein in its art-recognized usage to mean a fogging agent
capable of permitting the selective development of internal
latent image forming silver halide grains which have not been
imagewise exposed in preference to the development of silver
halide grains having an internal latent image formed by
imagewise exposure.
A favored class of nucleating agents is arylhydra-
zides. These nucleating agents can be incorporated in a
developer solution or directly within a photographic ele-
ment. Significant advantages have been realized by adsorbing
arylhydrazide nucleating agents to the surface of internal
latent image-forming silver halide grains. This permits
small amounts of the nucleating agents to be employed 7 as
compared with those which are non-adsorbed. However, this
narrows the choice of arylhydrazide nucleating agents to
those including an adsorption-promoting moiety.
'` iiL~L~3o;~ t7
- 3 -
Highly effective adsorbed arylhydrazide nucleating
agents are the N-(acylhydrazinophenyl)thioamides of ~eone
et al, U.S. Patent 4,080,207, and the acylhydrazinophenyl-
thioureas of Leone et al, U.S. Patent 4,030 3 925. In both
of these patents, the nucleating agents incorporate a moiety
containing a thiocarbonyl group for promoting the adsorption
of the arylhydrazide to the silver halide grain surfaces.
SUMMARY OF THE I~VE~TIOI~
This invention has as its purpose to provide a
novel and highly effective class of adsorbed arylhydrazide
nucleating agents. It is a more specific purpose of this
invention to provide photographic silver halide emulsions
and elements containing these novel adsorbed arylhydrazide
nucleating agents. The invention permits a broader choice
of adsorbed arylhydrazide nucleating agents useful in low
concentrations in photographic silver halide emulsions and
elements. The invention also permits photographic process-
ing at reduced pH levels while sustaining nucleating
activity.
I 20 This invention is directed to triazole-substitutedarylhydrazide nucleating agents, silver halide emulsions
containing such nucleating agents and silver halide photo-
graphic elements containing at least one silver halide
emulsion layer containing such nucleating agents.
In one specific aspect, this invention is directed
to a silver halide emulsion comprised of silver halide
grains capable of forming an internal latent image and,
adsorbed to the surface of the silver halide grains, a
nucleating amount of a triazole-substituted phenylhydrazide.
In another aspect~ this invention is directed to
a photographic element comprised of a support and, coated
j on the support, a silver halide emulsion layer comprising
¦ silver halide grains capable of forming an internal latent
¦ image and, adsorbed to the surface of said silver halide
grains, a nucleating amount of a triazole-substituted
phenylhydrazide.
In still another aspect, this invention is
directed to a process of obtaining a direct-positive image
comprising imagewise exposing a photographic element
.
`~ .
.
-- 4 --
according to this invention and selectively developing the
silver halide grains remainin~, unexposed.
Preferred triazole-substituted phenylhydrazide
nucleating agents are those of the formula:
H H
(I) R-N-N-0-A
wherein:
R is an acyl group;
0 is a phenylene or substituted phenylene group;
and
A is a moiety comprising of a triazole nucleus
capable of promoting adsorption to a silver halide grain
surface.
More specifically preferred triazole-substituted
phenylhydrazide nucleating agents are those of the formula:
, H H
(II) Rl-C-N_N_0l-Al-A2-A3
wherein:
R is hydrogen, an alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl,
alkoxyalkyl or phenylalkyl substituent or a phenyl nucleus
having a Hammett sigma-value-derived electron withdrawing
characteristic more positive than -0.3;
0 is a m- or p-phenylene or an alkyl-, halo-,
benzoxy- or alkoxy-substituted _- or _-phenylene group;
Al is alkylene or oxyalkylene;
O O
2 ll H " H
A is -C-N- or -S-N- ; and
o
A3 is a triazolyl or benzotriazolyl nucleus;
3 the alkyl and alkylene moieties in each instance
including from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Still more specifically preferred triaæole-
substituted phenylhydrazide nucleating agents are those
of the formula:
2 ,, H H 2 ~t H /~ /N~
(III) R -C-N-N-~ -C-N ~ /~\ /N
: .
,.
: : ~
_ 5 _
wherein:
R is hydrogen or methyl;
0 is -o~ O /~-[CH2]n- or -~\ O /-_OD
[CH2~n
n is an integer of` 1 to 4, and
D is alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
D~SCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As indicated by R in formula (I), preferred
triazole-substituted arylhydrazides employed in the practice
of this invention contain an acyl group. ~rom Rl in formula
(II), it is apparent that the acyl group is preferably the
residue of a carboxylic acid, such as one of the acyclic
carboxylic acids1 including formic acid, acetic acid,
propionic acid, butyric acid, higher homologues of these
acids having up to about 7 carbon atoms, and halogen,
alkoxy, phenyl and equivalent substituted derivatives
thereof. In a preferred form, the acyl group is formed by
an unsubstituted acyclic aliphatic carboxylic acid having
from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. From R2 in forrnula (III), it is
apparent that specifically preferred acyl groups are formyl
- 20 and acetyl groups. The alkyl moieties in the substituents
to the carboxylic acids are contemplated to have from 1 to 6
carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
In addition to the acyclic aliphatic carboxylic
acids, it is recognized that the carboxylic acid can be
chosen so that Rl is a cyclic aliphatic group having from
about 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl~ cyclooctyl,
cyclodecyl and bridged ring variations, such as bornyl and
isobornyl groups. Cyclohexyl is a specifically preferred
cycloalkyl substituent. The use of alkoxy~ cyano, halogen
and equivalent substituted cycloalkyl substituents is con-
templated.
In still another form, Rl can be the residue of
an aromatic carboxylic acid, such as benzoic acid and sub-
stituted derivatives thereof. Rl can take the form of a
~ ' '
-
.
~.
. . .
~33~ 9~7
-- 6 --
phenyl nucleus which is either electron donating (electro-
positive) or electron withdrawing (electronegative); however,
phenyl nuclei which are highly electron donating may produce
in~erior nucleating agents. The electron withdrawing or
5 electron donating characteristic of a speci~ic phenyl nucleus
can be assessed by reference to Hammett sigma values. The
phenyl nucleus can be assigned a Hammett sigma-value-derived
electron withdrawing characteristic which is the algebraic
sum of the Hammett sigma values of its substituents (i.e.,
those of the substituents, if any, to the phenyl group).
For example, the Hammett sigma values of any substituents to
the phenyl ring of the phenyl nucleus can be determined alge-
braically simply by determining ~rom the literature the known
Hammett sigma values for each substituent and obtaining the
algebraic sum ther-eof. Electron withdrawing substituents are
assigned positive sigma values, while electron donating sub-
stituents are assigned negative sigma values. In a preferred
form, R is a phenyl nucleus having a Hammett sigma-value-
derived electron withdrawin~ characteristic more positive
20 than -0.3.
Exemplary meta and para sigma values and procedures
for their determination are set forth by J. Hine in Physical
Organic Chemistry, second edition, page 87, published in
1962; H. VanBekkum, P. E. Verkade and B. M. Wepster in Rec.
25 Trav. Chim., Volume 78, page 815, published in 1959 ; P . R.
Wells in Chem. Revs., Volume 63, page 171, published in
1963 ; by H. H. Jaffe in Chem. Revs., Volume 53, page 191,
published in 1953; by M. J. S. Dewar and P. J. Grisdale in
J. Amer. Chem. Soc.~ Volume 84~ page 35Ll8, published in 1962;
30 and by Barlin and Perrin in Quart. Revs., Volume 20, page 75
et seq, published in 1966. For the purposes of this inven-
tion, ortho substituents to the phenyl ring can be assigned
to the published para sigma values.
In a preferred form, Rl can be the residue of an
35 aromatic carboxylic acid, such as benzoic acid; alkyl, halo-,
cyano or alkoxy-substituted benzoic acid or an equivalent
thereof. Where Rl is the residue of a substituted benzoic
acid, it is preferred that the benzoic acid be para or 4-ring
position substituted. The alkyl moieties of the ring sub-
39 J~
-- 7 --
stituents preferably have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Fluoro,chloro, bromo and iodo halogen ring substituents are speci-
fically contemplated~
As indicated by 0 in formula (I), preferred
triazole-substituted arylhydrazides ernployed in the practice
of this invention contain a phenylene or substituted phenyl-
ene group. As indicated by 01 in formula (II), speclfically
preferred phenylene groups are _- and p-phenylene groups.
Exemplary of preferred phenylene substituents are alkoxy
substituents having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkyl substit-
uents having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, fluoro-, chloro-,
bromo- and iodo-substituents. Unsubstituted ~-phenylene
groups and m-phenylene groups which are substituted in the
4-ring position (with respect to the hydrazide) with an
alkoxy group are specifically preferred. Specifically pre-
ferred alkyl moieties are those which have from 1 to 4
carbon atoms. While phenylene and substituted phenylene
groups are pre~erred linking groups, other runctionally
equivalent divalent aryl groups, such as naphthalene groups,
can be employed.
Attached to the phenylene or other divalent aryl
linking group is a moiety, identified as A in formula (I),
capable of promoting adsorption of the nucleating agent to
a silver halide grain surface. To promote adsorption, the
moiety is comprised of a triazole nucleus. The triazole
nucleus can consist of a 1,2,3-triazole ring or a 1,2,4-
triazole ring. The 1,2,3-triazole ring can be fused with a
benzene ring to form a benzotriazole ring. The triazole
nucleus can be attached to the arylhydrazide moiety in the
3 form of a 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, benzo-
triazol-5-yl or benzotriazol-4-yl moiety. Substituents to
the ring carbon atoms, such as those described in connection
with 01, are contemplated. It is believed that the triazole
nucleus promotes adsorption to silver halide grain surfaces
by reason of containing an ionizable hydrogen attached to
the l-ring position nitrogen. A tetrazolyl nucleus exhibits
the same characteristic and can, if desired, be substituted
for the triazolyl nucleus.
,
.: ~ .' ' , .
~3
-- 8
Th~ moiety A, which promotes adsorption to silver
halide grain surfaces, can be comprised of, in addition to
the triazole nucleus, a divalent linking group. The func-
tion of the divalent linking group is to attach the tria-
zolyl nucleus, which is active as an adsorption promotingrnoiety, to the arylhydrazide group, which is the active
nucleating moiety. The divalent linking group can be the
product of any synthetically convenient approach to Joining
the arylhydrazide and triazolyl groups.
The triazole-substituted arylhydrazide nucleating
agents of this invention can be prepared by procedures which
are, in themselves, of a type well known in the art. For
example~ a _-aminophenylcarboxylic acid can be diazotized
and the resulting diazo compound reduced with stannous
chloride or a similar reducing agent to ~orm the corres-
ponding hydrazine. The hydrazine can be converted to a
hydrazide by reaction with a carboxylic acid. This results
in a _-acylhydrazinophenylcarboxylic acid which can be
reacted with an amino or hydroxy triazole or benzotriazole
rlng carbon atom substituent to form the desired trlazolyl-
~-phenylenehydrazide. ~ -
A preferred synthetic approach to formingthe triazole-substituted arylhydrazide nucleating agents of
this invention when the linking group contains an amido or
ester group is to employ a _-acylhydrazinophenylcarboxylic
acid or p-acylhydrazinophenoxycarboxylic acid as a starting
material. Alternatively, the acylhydrazino substituent can
conveniently be meta to the carboxylic acid when the phenyl
ring position para to the carboxylic acid is occupied by a
substituent, such as an oxy substituent -- e.g., an alkoxy
(preferably methoxy) or benzyloxy substituent. An hydroxy
or amine substituted triazole or benzotriazole, in which an
hydroxy group or a primary or secondary amine group is
linked to a ring carbon atom directly or indirectly through
an alkylene ~roup~ is reacted with the carboxylic acid by
forming an active ester of the carboxylic acid with 1-- `
hydroxybenzotriazole in the presence of dicyclocarbodiimide
and then forming the amide or ester via nucleophilic sub-
.
~:l3~
g
stitution of the l-hydroxybenzotr-iazole with the hydroxy
or amine-substituted triazole or benzotriazole. In one
specific approach, the carboxylic acid is reacted with the
l~h~ydroxybenzotriazole in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbo
diimide at 0C, and the active ester which is formed as an
inter-mediate is then reacted with the hydroxy or amine-
substituted tria~ole or benzotrlazole at temperatures above
the ambient. In a variant form, all of the reactants can
be mixed at a temperature of 0C and the reaction completed
at an elevated temperature.
The triazole-substituted arylhydrazide nucleating
agents of this invention can also contain in the divalent
linking group a sulfonamido group. For example, instead of
employing an hydroxy or amine-substituted triazole or benzo-
triazole as described above~ a corresponding chlorosulfonyl-
substituted triazole or benzotriazole can be employed. The
chlorosulfonyl-substituted triazole or benzotriazole ls
reacted with an amino-substituted nitrobenzene. Thereafter,
the nitro group can be converted to a hydrazido group by the
diazotization and reduction procedures described above.
In the preferred triazole substituted phenylhydra-
zide nucleating agents of this invention, it is apparent
from the foregoing discussion of preferred and exemplary
syntheses that the triazolyl or benzotriazolyl adsorption
promoting moiety is preferably joined to the phenylhydra-
zide nucleating moiety through a divalent linking group
which takes the form of an alkylene moiety attached to the
phenyl ring of the phenylhydrazide directly or through an
oxy linkage, as indicated by A in formula (II). The alkyl-
ene moiety can contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in aspecifically preferred form indicated in formula (III),
wherein 0 is a phenylenealkylene group, the alkylene
moiety consists of from 1 to 4 methylene groups. As indi-
cated by 01 in formula (II), the phenylene moiety can be
substituted, such as with a halo-, alkyl, benzyloxy or
alkoxy substituent~ wherein the alkyl moieties thereof con-
tain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. When the alkylene moiety
occupies a position meta to the acylhydrazino group attached
.
.
.
-- 10 --
to the phenyl ring~ a para position phenyl ring substituent
is also preferably present. As indicated by 02 in formula
(III), an alkoxy substituent having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
most preferably a methoxy substituent, occupies the para
phenyl ring position when the alkylene moiety is meta to the
acylhydrazino group.
As indicated by A2 in formula (II), the alkylene
moiety is preferably linked to the triazolyl or benzotria-
O O" H " H
zolyl nucleus by a -C-N- or -S-N- divalent group. The
o
alkylene moiety is linked to the triazolyl or benzotriazolyl
nucleus through an amido group when the alkylene moiety and
the carbonyl portion of the amido group are the residue of a
carboxylic acid attached to the phenyl ring of the phenylene-
hydrazide moiety. Alternatively, the alkylene moiety can be
attached to the triazole or benæotriazole nucleus through a
sulfamoyl group when the sul~o portion of the sul~amoyl group
is the residue of the sul~onylchloride substituent to the
triazole or benzotriazole employed in synthesis.
Speclfic preferred tria~ole-substituted arylhydra-
zide nucleating agents are disclosed below in the examples.
The triazole-substituted arylhydrazide nucleating
agents can be employed with any conventional photographic
element capable of forming a direct positive image containing
coated on a photographic support at least one silver halide
emulsion layer containing a vehicle and silver halide grains
capable of forming an internal latent image upon exposure to
actinic radiation. As employed herein, the terms "internal
latent image silver halide grains" and "silver halide grains
capable of forming an internal latent image" are employed in
the art-recognized sense of designating silver halide grains
which produce substantially higher optical densities when
coated, imagewise exposed and developed in an internal devel-
oper than when comparably coated, exposed and developed in a
sur~ace developer. Preferred internal latent image silver
halide grains are those which, when examined according to
normal photographic testing techniques, by coating a test
. ,
. - : . ~ ,
', ~ ' ~ ;
~3~
portion on a pho-tographic support at a density of from 3
to 4 grams per square meter, exposing to a light intensity
scale (such as, for example, with a 500-watt tungsten lamp
at a distance of 61 cm~ for a fixed time between 1 x 10 2
and 1 second and developing for 5 minutes at 25C in Kodak
Developer DK-50 (a surface developer), provide a density
of at least 0.5 less than when this testing procedure is
repeated, substituting ~or the surface developer ~odak
Developer DK-50 containing 0.5 gram per liter of potassium
iodide ~an internal developer~. The internal latent image
silver halide grains most preferred ~or use in the prac-
tice of this invention are those which, when tested using
an internal developer and a surface developer as indicated
above, produce an optical density with the internal
developer at least 5 times that produced by the surface
developer. It is additionally preferred that the internal
latent image silver halide grains produce an optical
denslty o~ less than 0.4 and, most preferably, less than
0.25 when coated, exposed and developed in surface devel-
oper as indicated above -- that is, the silver halide
grains are initially substantially un~ogged and ~ree of
latent image on their sur~ace.
~he surface developer referred to herein as
Kodak Developer DK-50 is described in the Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics, 30th edition, 1947, Chemical Rubber
Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, page 2558, and has
the following composition:
Water, about 125F (52C) 500.0 cc
N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate 2.5 g
¦ 30 Sodium sulfite, desiccated 30.3 g
Hydro~uinone 2.5 g
¦ Sodium metaborate 10.0 g
I Potassium bromide 0.5 g
¦ Water to make 1.0 liter
Internal latent image silver halide grains which
can be employed in the practice Or this invention are well
known in the art. Patents teaching the use of internal
latent image silver halide grains in photographic emulsions
, . i ,
'
~',"
- 12 -
and elements include Davey et al, ~.S. Patent 2,592,250,
lssued May 8, 1952, Porter et al, U.S. Patent 3,206,313,
issued September 14, 1965; Milton, U.S. Patent 3,761,266,
issued September 25, 1973; Ridgway, U.S~ Patent 3,586,505,
lssued June 22, 1971; Gilman et al, U.S~ Patent 3,772,030,
issued November 13, 1973; Gilman et al~ V.S. Patent
3,761,267, issued September 25, 1973; and Evans, U.S.
Patent 3,761,276, issued September 25~ 1973
The internal latent image silver halide gralns
preferably contain bromide as the predominant halide. The
s~lver brom~de gralns can consist essentially of sil~er
bromide or can contain silver bromoiodide, silver chloro-
bromide, silver chlorobromoiodide crystals and mixtures
thereof. Internal latent image-rorming sltes can be incor-
porated into the $rains by either physical or chemica:Linternal sensitization. Davey et al, cited above, for
example, teaches the physical formatlon Or lnternal latent
image-forming sites by the halide conversion technique.
Chemical ~ormation of internal latent image-formin~ sites
can be produced through the use of sul~ur, gold, selenium)
tellurium and~or reduction sensi~izers Or the type ~escribed,
for example, in Sheppard et al, U.S. Patent 1,623,499, issued
April 5, 1927; Waller et al, U.S. Patent 2,399,083, issued
April 23, 1946; McVelgh, U.S~ Patent 3,297,447~ issued
January 109 1967 and Dunn, U.S. Patent 3,297,446, issued
January 10, 1967, as taught ln the patents cited in the
preceding paragraph. Internal latent image sites can also
be formed through the lncorporation Or metal dopants, par-
ticularly Group VIII noble metals, such as ruthenium,
rhodium, palladium, irldlum, osmium and platlnum, as taught
by Berriman~ U.S. Patent 3,367,778, issued February 6, 1963.
The preferred foreign metal lons are polyvalent metal ions
whlch include the above-noted Group ~III dopants, as well as
polyvalent metal ions such as lead, antlmony, bismuth,
arsenic and the like. In highly preferred embodiments, the
silver halide grains are ~ormed ln the presence of bismuth,
lead or iridlum lons. In a pre~erred approach, the lnternal
'~1
.
i i 3~d~
- 13 -
latent image sltes can be formed withln the silver halide
gralns during precipitation of silver halide. ~n an alter-
nate approach, a core grain can ~e formed which is treated
to ~orm the lnternal image sites and then a shell deposited
over the core grains, as taught by Porter et al, clted above.
The sil~er halide grains employed in the practlce
of this invention are preferably monodlspersed, and ln some
embodiments are pre~erably large-grain emulslons made accord-
ing to Wilgus, German OLS 2,107 9118, published
September 2, 1971. The monodispersed emulsions are
those which comprise silver halide grains havlng
a substantially uniform diameter. Generallv,
in such emulsions, no more than about 5 percent by number of
the silver halide grains smaller than the mean grain size
and/or no more than about 5 percent by weight of the sllver
hallde grains larger than the mean grain slze vary in
diameter ~rom the mean grain d~ameter by more than about 40
percent. Pre~erred photographic emulsions o~ this lnvention
comprise silver halide grains9 at least 95 percent by welght
of said grains having a diameter which is within 40 percent
and preferably wlthln about 30 percent o~ the mean ~rain
diameter. Mean grain diameter, l.e., average grain slze,
can be determined using conventional methods, e.g., such as
pro~ective area3 as shown ln an article by Trivelli and Smith
entitled "Empirical Relations Between Sensitometric and Slze-
Frequency Characteristlcs in Photographlc Emulsion Series" ln
The Photographic Journal, Volume LXXIX, 1939, pages 330
through 338. The aforementioned uniform size dlstributlon
of silver halide grains ls a characterlstic of the gralns in
3 monodispersed photographlc silver halide emulsions. Silver
halide gralns having a narrow size distribution can be
obtained by controlling the conditions at which the sllver
halide grains are prepared using a double run procedure. In
such a procedure, the silver halide grains are prepared by
simultaneously runnlng an aqueous solution of a silver salt,
such as silver nitrate, and an aqueous solution o~ a water-
soluble halide, for example, an alkali metal hallde such as
potassium bromide, inSo a rapidly agitated aqueous solution
,~
.
;' '
~ ` ~
- 14 -
of a silver halide peptizer, pref`erably gelatin, a gel-
atin derivative or some other protein peptizer. Suit-
able methods for preparing photographic silver halide
emulsions having the required uniform particle size are
disclosed in an article entitled "Ia: Properties of
Photographic Emulsion Grains", by Klein and Moisar, The
Journal of Photographic Science, Volume 12, 1~64, pages
242 through 251; an article ent:Ltled "The Spectral
Sensitization of Silver Bromide Emulsions on Different
Crystallographic Faces", by Markocki, The Journal of
Photographic Science~ Volume 13, 1965, pages 85 through
8~; an article entitled "Studies on Silver Bromide Sols,
Part I. The Formation and Aging of Monodispersed Silver
B~omide Sols", by Ottewill and Woodbridge, The Journal of
Photographic Science, Volume 13, 1965, pages 98 through
103; and an article entitled "Studies on Silver Bromide
Sols, Part II. The Effect of Additives on the Sol
Particles", by Ottewill and Woodbridge, The Journal ~
Photographic Science, Volume 13, 1965, pages 10ll through
107.
Where lnternal latent image-si-tes have been
formed through internal chemical sensitization or the use
of metal dopants, the surface of the silver halide grains
can be sensitized to a level below that which will
produce subs~antial density in a surface developer --
that is, less than 0.4 when coated, exposed and surface
developed as described above. The silver halide grains
are preferably predominantly silver bromide grains
chemically surface sensitized to a level which would
3 provide a maximum density of at least 0.5 using undoped
silver halide grains of the same size and halide
composition when coated, exposed and developed as
described above.
- Surface chemical sensitization can be
; 35 undertaken using techniques such as those disclosed
by Sheppard, Waller _ -
, . .
.
et al, McVeigh or Dunn, cited above. The silver halide
grains can also be surface sensitized with salts Or the
noble metals, such as ruthenium, palladium and platinum.
Representative compounds are ammonium chloropalladate,
5 potassium chloroplatinate and sodium chloropalladite, which
are used for sensitizing in amounts below that which produces
any substantial fog inhibition, as described in Smith and
Trivelli, U.S. Patent 2,448,o60, issued August 31, 1948, and
as antifoggants in higher amounts~ as described in Trivelli
and Smith, U.S. Patent 2,566,245, issued August 28, 1951, and
U.S. Patent 2,566,263, issued August 28~ 1951. The silver
halide grains can also be chemically sensitized with reducing
agents, such as stannous salts (Carroll, U.S. Patent
2,487,850, issued November 15, 1949), polyamines, such as
die~hylene triamine ~Lowe et al, U.S. Patent 2,518,698,
issued August 15, 1960~, polyamines, such as spermine (Lowe
et al, U.S. Patent 2,521,925, issued Septe~ber 12~ 1950), or
bis(~-aminoethyl)sul~ide and its water-soluble salts (Lowe
et al, U.S. Patent 2,521,926, issued September 12, 19~0).
The photographic silver halide emulsion layers and
other layers o~ the photographic elements can contain various
colloids alone or in combination as vehicles. Sultable hydro-
philic materials include both naturally-occurring substances
such as proteins, protein derivatives, cellulose derivatives
25 -- e.g., cellulose esters, gelatin -- e.g., alkali-treated
gelatin (cattle bone or hide gelatin) or acid-treated gelatin
(pigskin gelakin), gelatin derivatives -- e.g., acetylated
gelatin, phthalated gelatin and the like, polysaccharides
such as dextran, gum arabic, zein, casein, pectin, collagen
30 derivatives, collodion, agar-agar, arrowroot, albumin and
the like, as described in Yutzy et al, U.S. Patents 2,614,928
and l929; Lowe et al, U.S. Patents 2,691,582, 2,614,930 and
'931, 2,327,808 and 2,448,534; Gates et al, U.S. Patents
2,787,545 and 2,956,880; Himmelmann et al, U.S. Patent
35 3,061,436; Farrell et al, U.S. Patent 2,816,027; Ryan, U.S.
Patents 3,132,945, 3,138,461 and 3,186,846; Dersch et al,
U.K. Patent 1,167,159 and U.S. Patents 2,960,405 and
3,436,220; Geary, U.S. Patent 3,486,896; Gazzard, U.K. Patent
' .J
~3~ltjt7
- 16 _
~93,549; Gates et al, U.S. Patents 2,992,213, 3,157,506,
3,184,312 and 3,539,353; Miller et al, U.S. Patent 3,227,571;
Boyer et al, U.S. Patent 3,532,502; Malan, U.S. Patent
3,551,151; Lohmer et al, U.S. Patent 4,018,609; Luciani
5 et al, U.K. Patent 1,186,790; U.K. Patent 1,489,080; and
Hori et al, Belgian Patent 856,631, U.K. Patent 1,490,644,
U.K. Patent 1,483,551; Arase et al, U.K. Patent 1,459,906;
Salo, U.S. Patents 2,110,491 and 2,311,086; Fallesen, U.S.
Patent 2,343,650; Yutzy, U.S. Patent 2,322,085; Lowe, U.S.
Patent 2,563,791; Talbot et al, U.S. Patent 2,725,293;
Hilborn, U.S. Patent 2,748,022; DePauw et al, U.S. Patent
2,956,883; Ritchie, U.K. Patent 2,095, DeStubner, U.S.
Patent 1,752,069; Sheppard et al, U.S. Patent 2,127,573;
Lierg, U.S. Patent 2,256,720; Gaspar, U.S. Patent 2,361,936;
15 Farmer, U.K. Patent 15,727; Stevens, U.K. Patent 1,062,116;
and Yamamoto et al, U.S. Patent 3,923,517.
Photographic emulsion layers and other layers of
photographic elements, such as overcoat layers, interlayers
and subbing layers, as well as receiving layers in image-
20 transfer elements, can also contain alone or in combinationwith hydrophilic water-perme~ble colloids as vehicles or
vehicle extenders (e.g., in the form of latices), synthetic
polymeric peptizers, carriers and/or binders such as poly-
(vinyl lactams), acrylamide polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and
25 its derivatives, polyvinyl acetals, polymers of alkyl and
sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, hydrolyzed polyvinyl
acetates, polyamides, polyvinyl pyridine, acrylic acid
polymers, maleic anhydride copolymers, polyalkylene oxides,
methacrylamide copolymers, polyvinyl oxazolidinones, maleic
30 acid copolymers, vinylamine copolymers, methacrylic acid
copolymers, acryloyloxyalkylsulfonic acid copolymers, sulfo-
alkylacrylamide copolymers, polyalkyleneimine copolymers,
polyamines, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates, vinyl imidazole
copolymers, vinyl sulfide copolymers, halogenated styrene
. 35 polymers, amineacrylamide polymers, polypeptides and the
like, as described in Hollister et al, U.S. Patents 3,679,425,
3,706,564 and 3,813,251; Lowe, U.S. Patents 2 ,253,078,
2,276,322 and '323, 2,281,703, 2,311,058 and 2,414,207,
: ' ''-' , ~ - ` ;
.. .
': . ' ~ ' , :
:' .'. '
.
.
3~ 7 ~'~
- I7 -
Lowe et al, U.S. Patents 2,484,456, 2,541,474 and 2,632,704;
Perry et al, U.S. Patent 3,425,836; Smith et al, U.S. Patents
3,415,653 and 3,615,624; Smith, U.S. Patent 3,488,708;
Whiteley et al, U.S. Patents 3,392,025 and 3,511,818;
Fitzgerald, U.S. Patents 3,681,079, 3,721,565, 3,852,073,
3,861,918 and 3,925,083; Fitzgerald et al, U.S. Patent
3,879,205; Nottorf, U.S. Patent 3,142,568; ~louck et al,
U.S. Patents 3,062,674 and 3,220,844; Dunn et al, U.S. Patent
2,882,161; Schupp, U.S. Patent 2,579,016; Weaver, U.S. Patent
2,829,053; Alles et al, U.S. Patent 2,698,240; Priest et al,
U.S. Patent 3,oo3,879; Merrill et al, U.S. Patent 3,419,397;
Stonham, U.S. Patent 3,284,207; Lohmer et al, U.S. Patent
3,167,430; Williams, U.S. Patent 2,957,767; Dawson et al,
U.S. Patent 2,893,867; Smith et al, U.S. Patents 2,860,986
- 15 and 2,904,539; Ponticello et al, U.S. Patents 3,929,482 and
3,860,428; Ponticello, U.S. Patent 3,939,130; Dykstra, U.S.
Patent 3,411,911; Dykstra et al, Canadian Paten-t 774,054;
Ream et al, U.S. Patent 3,287,289; Smith, U.K. Patent
1,466,600; Stevens, U.K. Patent 1,062,116; Fordyce, U.S.
20 Patent 2,211,323; Martlnez, U.S. Patent 2,284,877; Watkins,
U.S. Patent 2,420,455; Jones, U.S. Patent 2,533,166; Bolton,
U.S. Patent 2,495,918; Graves, U.S. Patent 2,289,775; Yackel,
U.S. Patent 2,565,418, Unruh et al, U.S. Patents 2,865,893
and 2,875,059; Rees et al, U.S. Patent 3,536,491; Broadhead
25 et al, U.K. Patent 1,348,815; Taylor et al, U.S. Patent
3,479,186; Merrill et al, U.S. Patent 3,520,857; Bacon et al,
U.S. Patent 3,690,888; Bowman, U.S. Patent 3,748,143;
Dickinson et al, U.K. Patents 808,227 and '228; Wood, U.K.
Patent 822,192; and Iguchi et al, U.K. Patent 1,398,055.
j 30 The layers of the photographic elements can be
coated on a variety of supports. Typical photographic
j supports include polymeric film, wood fiber -- e.g., paper,
metallic sheet and foil, glass and ceramic supporting
elements provided with one or more subbing layers to enhance
the adhesive, antistatic, dimensional, abrasive, hardness,
frictional, antihalation and/or other properties of the
support surface.
~ 8~
Typical of useful polymeric film supports are
films of cellulose nitrate and cellulose esters, such as
cellulose triacetate and diacetate, polystyrene, polyamides,
homo- and co-polymers of vinyl chloride, poly(vinyl ace-tal),
5 polycarbonate, homo- and co-polymers of olefins, such as
polyethylene and polypropylene, and polyesters of dibasic
aromatic carboxylic acids with divalent alcohols, such as
poly(ethylene terephthalate~.
Typical of useful paper supports are those which
are partially acetylated or coated with baryta and/or a
polyolefin, particularly a polymer of an ~-olefin containing
2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
copolymers of ethylene and propylene and the like.
Polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene
15 and polyallomers -- e~g., copolymers of ethylene with propyl-
ene, as illustrated by Hagemeyer et al, U.S. Patent 3,478,128,
are preferably employed as resin coatings over paper, as
illustrated by Crawford et al, U.S. Patent 3,411,908, and
Joseph et al, U.S. Patent 3,630,740, over polystyrene and
20 polyester film supports, as illustrated by Craw~ord et al,
U.S. Patent 3,630,7L~2, or can be employed as unitary flexible
reflection supports, as illustrated by Venor et al, U.S.
Patent 3,973,g63.
Preferred cellulose ester supports are cellulose
25 triacetate supports, as illustrated by Fordyce et al~ U.S.
Patents 2,492,977, ~ 978 and 2,739,069, as well as mixed
cellulose ester supports, such as cellulose acetate propionate `
and cellulose acetate butyrate, as illustrated by Fordyce
et al, U.S. Patent 2,739,070.
Preferred polyester film supports are comprised
of linear polyester, such as illustrated by Alles et al,
U.S. Patent 2,627,088; Wellman, U.S. Patent 2,720,503;
Alles, U.S. Patent 2,779,684; and Kibler et al, U.S. Patent
2,901,466. Polyester films can be formed by varied tech-
35 niques, as illustrated by Alles, cited above, Czerkas et al,
U.S. Patent 3,663,683 and Williams et al, U.S. Patent
3,504,075, and modified for use as photographic film supports,
as illustrated by Van Stappen, U.S. Patent 3,227,576; Nadeau
.
:
`
.
~;~397~
-- 19 --
et al~ U.S. Patent 3,501,301; Reedy et al, U.S. Patent
3,589,905; Babbitt et al, U.S. Patent 3,850,640; Bailey et al,
U.S. Patent 3,888,678; Hunter, U.S. Patent 3,904,420; and
Mallinson et al, U.S. Patent 3~928,697.
The photographic elements can employ supports
which are resistant to dirnensional change at elevated
temperatures. Such supports can be comprised of linear
condensation polymers which have glass transition tempera-
tures above about 190C, preferably 220~C, such as poly-
carbonates, polycarbox~lic esters, polyamides, polysulfon-
amides, polyethers, polyimides, polysulfonates and copolymer
variants, as illustrated by Hamb, U.S. Patents 3,634,089 and
3,772,405, Hamb et al, U.S. Patents 3,725,070 and 3,793,249;
Wilson, Research Disclosure, Volume 118, February 1974,
15 Item 11833, and Volume 120, April 1974, Item 12046; Conklin
et al, Research ~isclosure, Volume 120, April 1974, Item
-
: 12012; Product Licensing Index, Volume 92, December 1971,
Items 9205 and 9207; Research Disclosure, Volume 101,
September 1972, Items 10119 and 1014~; Research Dtsclosure,
Volume 106, February 1973, ~tem 10613; Research ~isclosure,
Volume 117, January 1974, Item 11709; and Research Disclosure,
Volume 134, June 1975, Item 13455. Both Research Disclosure
and Product Licensing Index are published b~ Industrial
Opportunities, Ltd., Homewell, Havant, Hampshire, PO9 lEF,
25 United Kingdom.
The triazole-substituted arylhydrazide nucleating
agents of this invention can be employed in any desired con-
centration that will permit a degree of selectivity in
developing imagewise silver halide grains capable of forming
an internal latent image, which grains have not been image-
wise exposed, as compared to silver halide grains containing
an internal latent image formed by imagewise exposure.
In a preferred form of this invention, the triazole-
substituted arylhydrazide nucleating agents are adsorbed to
35 the surface of the internal latent image silver halide grains
and employed in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 500 mg of
adsorbed nucleating agent per mole of silver. Preferably,
1 to 100 mg of adsorbed nucleating agent per mole of silver
.'-' ' .
.
: . :
~L~3~
- 20 -
is employed. Optimum concentrations can, Or course, vary
somewhat from one application to another. Where the triazole-
substituted arylhydrazide nucleating agent is to be adsorbed
to the surface of the silver halide grains, it can be adsorbed
using the procedures well known to those skilled in the art
for adsorbing sensitizing dyes, such as cyanine and merocyan-
ine dyes, to the surface of silver halide grains.
A simple exposure and development process can be
used to form a direct-positive image. In one embodiment, a
photographic element comprising at least one layer of a silver
halide e~ulsion as described above can be imagewise exposed
and then developed in a silver halide surface developer.
It is understood that the term "surface developer"
encompasses those developers which will reveal the surface
latent image on a silver halide grain, but will not reveal
substantial internal latent image in an internal image-forming
emulsion, and under the conditions generally used develop a
surface-sensitive silver halide emulsion. The surface devel-
opers can generally utilize any of the silver halide develop-
ing agents or reducing agents, but the developln~ bath orcomposition is generally substantially ~ree of a silver
halide solvent (such as water-soluble thiocyanates, water-
soluble thioethers, thiosulfates, ammonia and the like) which
will disrupt or dissolve the grain to reveal substantial
internal image. Low amounts of excess halide are sometimes
desirable in the developer or incorporated in the emulsion as
halide-releasing compounds, but high amounts of iodide or
iodide-releasing compounds are generally avoided to prevent
substantial disruption of the grain.
Typical silver halide developing agents which can
be used in the developing compositions of this invention
include hydroquinones, catechols, aminophenols, 3-pyrazoli-
dones, ascorbic acid and its derivatives, reductones, phenyl
enediamines and the like, or combinations thereof. The
; 35 developing agents can be incorporated in the photographic
elements wherein they are brought in contact with the silver
halide after imagewise exposure; however, in certain embodi-
ments they are preferably employed in the developing bath.
.
.
The developlng composltions used ln the process
o~ this invention can also contain certain antlroggants and
development restralners, or optionally they can be lncorpor-
ated ln layers Or the photographlc element. For example,
in some applications, lmproved results can be obtained when
the direct posltive emulsions are processed in the presence
of certain antifoggants, as dlsclosed in Staufrer U.S. Patent
2,497~917.
Typical userul antifoggants include ben~otriazoles,
such as benzotriazole, 5-methylbenzotrlazole, 5-ethylbenzo-
trlazole and the like, benzimidazoles such as 5-nltrobenzlmi-
dazole and the like, benzothlazoles such as 5-nltrobenzo-
thiazole, 5-methylbenzothiazole and the llke, heterocyclic
thiones such as l-methyl-2-tetrazoline-5-thlone and the llke,
triazlnes such as 2,4-dimethylamino-6-chloro-5-triazlne and
the llke, benzoxazoles such as ethylbenzoxazole and the like,
and pyrroles such as 2,5-dlmethylpyrrole and the like.
In certain embodlments, ~ood results are obtained
when the elements are processed in the presence o~ high
levels o~ the antifoggants mentloned above. When anti~og-
gants such as benzotriazoles are used, good resul~s can be
obtained when the processlng solution oontains up to 5 grams
per liter and preferably 1 to 3 grams per liter; when they
are incorporated in the photographic element, concentrations
of up to 1,000 mg per mole of Ag and preferably concentra-
tions of 100 to 500 mg per mole of Ag are employed.
The essentlal features of the triazole-substltuted
arylhydrazide nucleating agents o~ this lnventi~n and the
silver halide emulsions and photographlc elements ln whlch
they are incorporated, as well as procedures ~or thelr use
and processing, are descrlbed above. It is appreclated that,
ln pre~erred photographlc applicatlons, the emulslons and
elements can contain additional features whlch are ln them-
selves well known to those ramiliar with the photographlc
3~ arts. Further, these appllcations can entail conventlonal
modirlcations in the procedures descrlbed above. A variety
of such ~eatures are disclosed in Research Disclosure,
Volume 176, December 1978, Item 17643, particularly
i ~
. . ~
.: . .
:L~3~
- 22 -
Paragraph II, Emulslon Washin~; Paragraph IVJ Spectral
Sensitization and Desensitizatlon; Paragraph V, Brighteners;
Paragraph VI, Antl~o~gants and Stabllizers; Paragraph VIII,
Absorbing and Scattering Materlals; Paragraph X, Hardeners;
Paragraph XI, ~ Aids; Paragraph XII, Plastlclzers and
Lubricants; Paragraph XIII, Antlstatlc Layers; Paragraph XIV,
Methods of Additlon; Paragraph XV, Coating and Dryin~
Procedures; Paragraph XVI, Mattln~ Agents; Paragraph XVI~I,
Exposure; Paragraph XX, Developin~ A~ents; and Paragraph XXI,
Development Modifiers.
The silver hallde emulsions can be spectrally sen~i-
tized with cyan~ne, merocyanine, and other polymethlne dyes
and supersensitizing combinations thereof well known in the
art. Spectral sensitizers in conventlonal surrace-sensit~ve
emulsions are com~arably effective in the emulslons o~ thls
lnvention. In general, they enhance nucleation. Nonlonlc,
zwitterionic and anionic spectral sensitizers are pre~erred.
Particularly erfective are carboxy-substlkuted merocyanlne
dyes of the thiohydantoln type described by Stau~er and
Spence, U.S. Patent 2,490,758,
Effective red sensltlzers are the carbocyanines
of Formula (IV):
zl rZ2
(IV) ~C = CH - C = CH - C~ ~ (X )n-l
Il G l2
R R
wherein:
each Or zl and z2 represents the atoms necessary
to ~orm a benzothiazole, benzoselenazole, naphthothiazole
or naphthoselenazole, the benzothiazole and benzoselenazole
being preferably 5- and/or 6-substituted with groups such
as lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, chloro, bromo, rluoro, hydro~y,
acylamlno, cyano and trl~luoromethyl;
G represents hydrogen and lower al~yl, preferably
ethyl or methyl;
~.~3~
~ 23 -
each of Rl and R2 represents lower alkyl or
hydroxy(lower)alkyl, at least one of Rl and R2 being prefer-
ably acid-substituted(lower)alkyl, such as carboxyethyl,
sulfopropyl, sulfatoethyl, etc;
X represents an acid anion; and
n is 1 or 2.
Particularly effective are certain supersensitizing
combinations of the above dyes with each other and with dyes
or other adsorbed organic compounds having polarographic
oxidation potentials (Eox) of about 0.3 to 0.9 volt. Many
such combinations are described in U.S. Patents 2,075,048;
2,313,922; 2,533,426i 2,704,714; 2,704,7173 2,688,545 and
3,672,898, and include, as well, the acid-substituted
analogues thereof well known in the art.
15 Effective green sensitizers are cyanines and mero-
cyanines of Formulas (V) and (VI):
zl ~ ~2
(V) ~ /C = CH - C = C~ - C~ ~ (X )n~l
l G R2
z3 ' ~ z4
(VI) ~ /C - CH - C~ J (X )n~l
R3 R4
wherein:
each of zl and z2 represents the atoms necessary
to form benzoxazole and benzimidazole nuclei, benzimidazole
being substituted in the 3-position by lower alkyl or aryl,
and preferably in the 5- and/or 6-positions with groups
selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, lower alkyl, cyano,
acylamino and trifluoromethyl, and the benzoxazole ring
preferably substituted in the 5- or 6-positions with lower
, . ~ .
.
.
- ~ '
.
'ti'7
- 24 -
alkyl~ lower alkoxy, phenyl~ f`luoro, chloro, and bromo;
Z3 represents the atoms necessary to form benzo-
thiazole, benzoselenazole, naphthothiazole, naphthoselena-
zole, or 2-quinoline;
Z4 represents the atoms necessary to form 2-quinol-
ine;
G represents lower alkyl and, if at least one of
zl and z2 forms benzimidazole~ hydrogen;
each o~ Rl, R2, R3 and R4 represents lower alkyl
or hydroxy(lower)alkyl, at least one of Rl and R2 and of R3
and R4 being preferably acid-substituted(lower)alkyl such as
carboxyethyl, sulfopropyl, sulfatoethyl, etc;
X represents an acid anion; and
n is 1 or 2.
15 Particularly effective are certain supersensitizing
combinations of the above dyes, such as those described in
U.S. Patents 3,3g7,060; 2,688,545; 2,701,193 and 2,973,264,
and their acid-substituted analogues well known in the art~
Effective blue sensitizers are simple cyanines and
merocyanines of Formulas (VII) and (VIII):
zl ' ~ z2
(VII)~ /C - CH - C~ J (x-)n-l
Rl R2
r Z3 ~ /C - Q ~ 4
(VIII) R3-N-(CH=CH )mC=C\ 2______N-R
wherein:
each of zl and z2 represents the atoms necessary
to form benzothiazole, benzoselenazole, naphthothiazole and
naphthoselenazole nuclei which may be substituted with
... .
'`' ` ` ' ` , ' ~
:
113~
- 25 -
groups such as chloro, methyl or methoxy, chloro, bromo,
lower alkyl or lower alkoxy;
Z3 represents benzothiazole, benzoselenazole which
may be substituted as in zl and z2, and pyridine nuclei;
Ql and Q2 together represent the atoms necessary
to complete a rhodanine, 2-thio-2,4-oxazolidine-dione or
2-thiohydantoin ring, the latter having a second nitrogen
atom with a substituent R5;
m represents 0 or 1;
each of Rl, R2 and R3 represents lower alkyl or
hydroxy(lower)alkyl, at least one of Rl and R2 being prefer-
ably acid-substituted(lower)alkyl such as~carboxyethyl,
sulfopropyl and sul~atoethyl, etc;
R4 and R5 represent lower alkyl and hydroxy(lower)-
alkyl, and R additionally can represent carboxyalkyl and
sulfoalkyl;
X is an acid anion; and
n is 1 or 2.
The photo~raphic elements are preferably color
photographic elements which form dye images through the
selective destruction, formation or physical removal o~
dyes.
The photographic elements can produce dye lmages
through the selective destruction of dyes or dye precursors,
such as silver-dye-bleach processes, as illustrated by
A. Meyer, _e Journal of Photographic Science, Volume 13,
1965, pages 90 through 97. Bleachable azo, azoxy, xanthene,
azine, phenylmethane, nitroso complex~ indigo, quinone,
nitro-substituted, phthalocyanine and formazan dyes, as
illustrated by Stauner et al, U.S. Patent 3,754,923;
Piller et al, U.S. Patent 3,749,576; Yoshida et al, U.S.
Patent 3,738,839; Froelich et al, U.S. Patent 3,716,368;
Piller, U.S. Patent 3,655,388; Williams et al, U.S. Patent
3,642,482; Gilman, U.S. Patent 3,567,448; Loeffel, ~.S.
. 35 Patent 3,443,953; Anderau, U.S. Patents 39443,952 and
3,211,556; Mory et al, U.S. Patents 3,202,511 and 3,178,291;
and Anderau et al3 U.S. Patents 3,178,285 and 3,178,290, as
well as their hydrazo, diazonium and tetrazolium precursors
.
~ - s
. ~
r~rt~i~
- 26 -
and leuco and shifted derivatives, as illustrated by U.K.
Patents 923,265; 999,996 and 1,042,300; Pelz et al, U.S.
Patent 3,684,513; Watanabe et al, U.S. Patent 3,615,493;
Wilson et al, U.S. Patent 3,503,741; Boes et al, U.S.
5 Patent 3,340,059; Gompf et al, U.S. Patent 3,493,372; and
Puschel et al, U.S. Patent 3,561,970, can be employed.
The photographic elements can produce dye images
through the selective formation of dyes, such as by reacting
(coupling) a color-developing agent (e.g., a primary aro-
matic amine) in its oxidized ~orm with a dye-forming coupler.
The dye-forming couplers can be incorporated in the photo-
graphic elements, as illustrated by Schneider et al, Die
Chemie, Volume 57, 1944, page 113; Mannes et al, U.S.
Patent 2,304,940; Martinez, U.S. Patent 2,269,158; Jelley
15 et al, U.S. Patent 2,322,027; Frolich et al, U.S. Patent
2,376,679; Fierke et al, U.S. Patent 2,801,171; Smith,
U.S. Patent 3,748,141; Tong, U.S. Patent 2,772,163; Thirtle
et al, U.S. Patent 2,835,579; Sawdey et al, U.S. Patent
2, 533,514; Peterson, U.S. Patent 2, 353,754; Seidel, U.S.
Patent 3,409,435; and Chen, Research Disclosure, Volume 159,
July 1977, Item 15930.
In one form, the dye-~orming couplers are chosen
to form subtractive primary (i.e., yellow, magenta and
cyan) image dyes and are nondiffusible, colorless couplers,
25 such as two- and four-equivalent couplers of the open chain
ketomethylene, pyrazolone, pyraæolotriazole, pyrazolobenz-
imidazole, phenol and naphthol type hydrophobically ballasted
for incorporation in high-boiling organic (coupler) solvents.
Such couplers are illustrated by Salminen et al, U.S. Patents
30 2,423,730; 2,772,162; 2,895,826; 2,710,803; 2,407,207;
3,737,316; and 2,367,531; Loria et al, U.S. Patents
2,772,161; 2,600,788; 3,006,759; 3,214,437; and 3,253,924;
McCrossen et al, U.S. Patent 2,875,057; Bush et al, U.S.
Patent 2,908,573; Gledhill et al, U.S. Patent 3,034~892;
35 Weissberger et al, U.S. Patents 2,474,293; 2,407,210;
3,062,653; 3,265,506; and 3,384,657; Porter et al, U.S.
Patent 2,343,703; Greenhalgh et al, U.S. Patent 3,127,269;
Feniak et al, U.S. Patents 2,865,748; 2,933,391; and
.
:
3,d~
- 27 -
2,865~751; Bailey et al, U.S. Patent 3,725,067; Beavers et al,
U.S. Patent 3,758,308; Lau, U.S. Patent 3,779,763; Fernandez,
U.S. Patent 3,785,829; U.K. Patent 969,921; U.K. Patent
1,241,069; U.K. Patent 1,011,940; Vanden Eynde et al, U.S.
5 Patent 3,762,921; Beavers, U.S. Patent 2,983,608; Loria,
U.S. Patents 3,311,476; 3,408,194; 3,458,315; 3,447,928; and
3,476,563; Cressman et al, U.S. Patent 3,419,390; Young,
U.S. Patent 3,419~391; Lestina, U.S. Patent 3,519,429;
U.K. Patent 975,928; U.K. Patent 1,111,554; Jaeken, U.S.
Patent 3,222,176 and Canadian Patent 7263651; Schulte et al,
U.K. Patent 1,248,924; and Whitmore et al, U.S. Patent
3,227,550.
The photographic elements can incorporate alkali-
soluble ballasted couplers, as illustrated by Froelich et al
15 and Tong, cited above. The photographic elements can be
adapted to ~orm nondi~usible image dyes using dye-forming
couplers in developers, as illustrated by U.K. Patent
478,984; Yager et al, U.S. Patent 3,113,864; Vittum et al,
U.S. Patents 3,002,836; 2,271,238; and 2,362,598; Sch~an
20 et al, U.S. Patent 2,950,970; Carroll et al, U.S. Patent
2,592,243; Por-ter et al, U.S. Patents 2,343,703; 2,376,380;
and 2,369,489; Spath, U.K. Patent 886,723 and U.S. Patent
2,899,306; Tuite, U.S. Patent 3,152,896; and Mannes et al,
U.S. Patents 2,115,394; 2,252,718; and 2,108,602.
The dye-forming couplers upon coupling can release
photographically useful fragments, such as development
lnhibitors or accelerators, bleach accelerators, developing
agents, silver halide solvents, toners, hardeners, fo~ging
agents, antifoggants, competing couplers, chemical or spec-
30 tral sensitizers and desensitizers. Development inhibitor-
releasing (DIR) couplers are illustrated by Whitmore et al,
U.S. Patent 3,148,062; Barr et al, U.S. Patent 3,227,554;
Barr, U.S. Patent 3,733,201j Sawdey, U.S. Patent 3,617,291;
Groet et al, U.S. Patent 3,703,375; Abbott et al, U.S.
; 35 Patent 3,615,506; Weissberger et al, U.S. Patent 3,265,506;
Seymour, U.S. Patent 3,620,745; Marx et al, U.S. Patent
3,632,345; Mader et al, U.S. Patent 3,869,291; U.K. Patent
1,201,110; Oishi et al, U.S. Patent 3,642,485; Verbrugghe,
.
:
, :
~ ~ , . ' .
.
~~3~i'7
-- 28 --
U.K. Patent 1,236,767; FuJiwhara et al, U.S. Patent
3,770,436; and Matsuo et al, U.S. Patent 3,808,945. DIR
compounds which do not form dye upon reaction with oxidized
color-developing agents can be employed, as illustrated by
Fu~iwhara et al, German OLS 2,529,350 and U.S. Patents
3,928,041; 3,958,993; and 3,961,959; Odenwalder et al,
German OLS 2,448,063; Tanaka et al, German OLS 2,610,546;
Kikuchi et al, U.S. Patent 4,049,455; and Credner et al,
U.S. Patent 4,052,213. DIR compounds which oxidatively
cleave can be employed, as illustrated by Porter et al,
U.S. Patent 3,379,529; Green et al, U.S. Patent 3,043,690;
Barr, U.S. Patent 3,364,022; Duennebier et al, U.S. Patent
3,297,445; and Rees et al, U.S. Patent 3,287,129.
The photographic elements can incorporate colored
dye-forming couplers, such as those employed to form inte-
gral masks for negative color images, as illustrated by
Hanson, U.S. Patent 2,449,966; Glass et al, U.S. Patent
2,521,908; Gledhill et al, U.S. Patent 3,034,892; Lor:la,
U.S. Patent 3,476,563; Lestina, U.S. Patent 3,519,429;
Friedman, U.S. Patent 2,543,691; Puschel et al, U.S. Patent
3,028,238; Menzel et al, U.S. Patent 3,061,432; and
Greenhalgh, U.K. Patent 1,035,959; and/or competing couplers,
as illustrated by Murin et al, U.S. Patent 3,876,428;
Sakamoto et al, U.S. Patent 3,580,722; Puschel, U.S. Patent
2,998,314; Whitmore, U.S. Patent 2,808,329; Salminen, U.S.
Patent 2,742,832; and Weller et al, U.S. Patent 2,68g,7g3.
The photographic elements can produce dye images
through the selective removal of dyes. Negative or positive
dye images can be produced by the immobilization or mobiliza-
3 tion Or incorporated color-providing substances as a function
of exposure and development, as illustrated by U.K. Patents
1,456,413; 1,479,739; 1,475,265; and 1,471,752; Friedman,
U.S. Patent 2,543,691; Whitmore, U.S. Patent 3,227,552;
Bloom et al, U.S. Patent 3,443,940; Morse, U.S. Patent
3,549,364; Cook, U.S. Patent 3,620,730; Danhauser, U.S.
Patent 3 9 730,718; Staples, U.S. Patent 3,923,510; Oishi
et al, U.S. Patent 49052,214j and Fleckenstein et al, U.S.
Patent 4,076,529.
~3~7~'~
29-
The photographic elements can contain antistainagents (i.e., oxidized developing agent scavengers~ to
prevent developing agents oxidized in one dye image layer
unit from migrating to an adJacent dye image layer unit.
5 Such antistain agents include ballasted or otherwlse non-
diffusing antioxidants, as illustrated by Weissberger et
al, U.S. Patent 2,336,327; Loria et al, U.S. Patent
2,728,659; Vittum et al, U.S. Patent 2,360,290; Jelley et
al, U.S. Patent 2,403,721; and Thirtle et al, U.S. Patent
10 2,701,197. To avoid autooxidation the antistain agents
can be employed in combination with other antioxidants, as
illustrated by Knechel et al, U.S. Patent 3,700,453.
The photographic elements can include image dye
stabilizers. Such image dye stabilizers are illustrated
15 by U.X. Patent 1,326,889, Lestina et al~ U.S. Patents
3,432,300 and 3,698,909; Stern et al, U.S. Patent
3,574,627; Brannock et al, U.S. Patent 3,573,050; Arai et
al, U.S. Patent 3,764,337; and Smith et al, U.S. Patent
4,042,394.
This invention is particularly useful with
photograph~c elements used in image transfer processes
or in image transfer film units.
Image transfer systems include colloid transfer
systems, as illustrated by Yutzy et al, U.S. Patents
2,596,756 and 2,716,059; imbibition transfer systems, as
illustrated by Minsk, U.S. Patent 2,882,156; and color
image transfer systems, as illustrated by Research Dis-
closure, Volume 151, November 1976, Item 15162, and Volume
123, July 1974, Item 12331.
3 Color image transfer systems (including emulsion
layers, receiving layers, timing layers, acid layers,
processing compositions, supports and cover sheets) and
the images they produce can be varied by choosing among a
variety of features, combinations of which can be used
. 35 together as desired.
Film units can be chosen which are either inte-
grally laminated or separated during exposure, processing
and/or viewing, as illustrated by Rogers, U.S. Patent
,
~3~30
- 30 -
2,983,606; Beavers et al, V.S. Patent 3,445,22~; Whitmore,
Canadian Patent 674,082; Friedman et al, U.S. Patent
3,30~,201; Land, U.S. Patents 2,543,181; 3,053,659;
3,415,644; 3~415,645; and 3,415,64~; and Barr et al, U.K.
5 Patent 1,330,524.
A ~ariety of approaches are known in the art for
obtaining transferred dye images. Transferred dye images
are obtained by altering the initial mobility of dye image
providing compounds. ~Initial mobility refers to the
10 mobility of the dye image providing compound when it is
contacted by the processing solution. Initially mobile
dye image providing compounds as coated do not migrate
prior to contact with processing solution.)
Dye image providing compounds are classified as
15 either positive-working or negative-working. Positive-
working dye image providing compounds are those which
produce a positive transferred dye image when employed in
cornbination with a conventional, negative-working silver
halide emulsion. Negative-working dye image providing
20 compounds are those which produce a negative transferred
dye image when employed in combination with conventional,
negative-working silver halide emulsions. (The foregoing
definitions assume the absence of special image reversing
techniques, such as those referred to in Research Disclosure,
25 Vol. 176, December 1978, Item 1761l3, paragraph XXIII-E.~
When, as in the present invention, the silver halide emul-
sions are direct-positive emulsions, positive-working dye
image providing compounds produce negative transferred dye
images and negative-working dye image providing compounds
3 produce positive transferred dye images.
Image transfer systems, which include both the
dye image providing compounds and the silver halide emul-
sions, are positive-working when the transferred dye image
is positive and negative-working when the transferred dye
35 image is negative. W~en a retained dye image is formed,
it is opposite in sense to the transferred dye image.
A variety of dye image providing compounds are
known and can be employed in the practice of this inven-
tion. One approach is to employ ballasted dye-forming
:,
. ' .
. ~ .
- 31 -
(chromogeni~) or non-dye-forming tnonchromogenlc) couplers
having a mobile dye attached at a coupllng-off s~te. Upon
coupling with an oxidized color developlng agent, such as
a ~ -phenylenediamine~ the mobile dye ls dlsplaced so
that it can trans~er to a recelver. Such negatlve-working
dye image providing compounds are illustrated by Whitmore
et al, U.S. Patent 3,227,550; Whitmorea U.S. Patent
3,227,552; and Fu~iwhara et al, U.K. Patent 1,445,7~7~
In a preferred image trans~er system accordlng to
this invention employing negative-working dye image provld-
ing compounds, a cross-oxidizing developing agent telectron
transfer agent) develops silver halide and then cross-
oxidizes with a compound containing a dye llnked through
an oxidizable sulronamido group, such as a sulfonamidophenol,
15 sulfonamidoaniline., sulfonamidoanlllde, sulronamidopyrazolo-
benzimidazole, sulronamidoindole or sulronamldopyrazole.
Following cross-oxidatlon, hydrolytlc deamldatlon cleaves
the moblle dye with the sulfonamldo group attached. Such
systems are illustrated by Fleckensteln, U.S. Patents
20 3,928,312 and 49053,312; Fleckenstein et al, U.S. Patent
4,076,529; Melzer et al, U.K. Patent 1,489,694; Degauchl,
German OLS 2,729,820; Koyama et al, German OLS 2,613,005;
Vetter et al, German OLS 2,505,248; and Kestner et al,
Research Disclosure, Volume 151, November 197~, Item
25 15157. Also speciflcally contemplated are otherwise
simllar systems which employ an immobile, dye-releaslng
(a) hydroquinone, as illustrated by Gomp~ et al, U.S.
Patent 3,698,897 and Anderson et al, U.S. Patent 3,725,062;
(b) para-phenylenediamine, as lllustrated by Whl~more et
30 al, Canadian Patent 6~2,607; or tc) quaternary ammonium
compound, as illustrated by Becker et al, U.S. Patent
3,728,113.
Another specifically contemplated dye lmage
transrer system which employs negatlve-worklng dye image
35 providing compounds reacts an oxldized electron trànsfer
agent or, speci~lcally, ln certain ~orms, an oxidlzed
para~phenylenediamine with a ballasted phenollc coupler
havi~g a dye attached through a sul~onamido linkage. Rlng
,. ~,, ~
,_" j",l~
.. :
'
~3~
- 32 -
closure to form a phenazine releases mobile dye. Such an
imaging approach is illustrated by Bloom et al, U.S.
Patents 3,443,939 and 3,443,9L~o.
In still another image transfer system employing
5 negative-working dye image providing compounds, ballasted
sulfonylamidrazones, sulfonylhydrazones or sulfonylcarbonyl-
hydrazides can be reacted with oxidized para-phenylenediamine
to release a mobile dye to be transferred, as illustrated
by Puschel et al, U.S. Patents 3,628,952 and 3,844~785.
10 In an additional image trans~er system, a hydrazide can be
reacted with silver halide having a developable latent
image site and thereafter decompose to release a mobile,
trans~erable dye, as illustrated by Rogers, U.S. Patent
3,245,789; Kohara et al, _lletin Chemical Society of
15 ~ , Volume 43, pages 2433 through 2437; and Lestina et
al, Research Disclosure, Volume 28, December 1974, Item
12832.
The foregoing systems all employ initially immobile
negative-working dye image providing compounds containing
20 a pre~ormed dye which is split off during imaging. ~he
released dye is mobile and can be transPerred to a receiver.
Positive-working dye image providing systems which split
off mobile dyes from immobile initially present compounds
are also known. For example, it is known that when silver
25 halide is imagewise developed, the residual silver ions
associated with the undeveloped silver halide can react
with a dye substituted ballasted thiazolidine to release a
mobile dye imagewise, as illustrated by Cieciuch et al,
U.S. Patent 3,719,489 and Rogers~ U.S. Patent 3,443,941.
3 Preferred initially immobile positive-working
dye image providing compounds are those which release
mobile dye by anchimeric displacement reactions. The
compound in its initial form is hydrolyzed to its active
form while silver halide development with an electron
35 transfer agent is occurring. Cross-oxidation of the
active dye-releasing compound by the oxidi~ed electron-
transfer agent prevents hydrolytic cleaving of the dye
moiety. Benzisoxazolone precursors of hydroxylamine dye-
releasing compounds are illustrated by Hinshaw et al, U.K.
.
'.
IL3~'7ti'~
-- 33 --
Patent 1,464,104 and Research D~sclosure, Volume 144,
April 1976, Item 14447. N-Hydroquinonyl carbamate dye image
providing compounds are illustrated by Fields et al, U.S.
Patent 3,980,47~. Image transfer systems are also known
in which an immobile reducing agent ~electron donor~ is
employed in combination with an immobile ballasted electron-
accepting nucleophilic displacement (BEND) compound which,
on reduction, anchimerically displaces a diffusible dye.
Hydrolysis of the electron donor precursor to its active
10 form occurs simultaneously with silver halide development
by an electron transfer agent. Cross-oxidation of the
electron donor with the oxidized electron transfer agent
prevents further reaction. Cross-oxidation of the BEND
compound with the residual, unoxidized electron donor then
15 occurs. Anchimeric displacement of mobile dye from the
reduced BEND compound occurs as part of a ring closure
reaction. A system of this type is illustrated by Chasman
et al, U.S. Patent 4,139,379, issued ~ebruary 13, 1979.
Other positive-working, initially immobile, ~
20 dye image providing compounds are illustrated by Rogers,
U.S. Patent 3,185,567 and U.K. Patents 880,233 and '234.
A variety of image transfer systems are known in
which a positive-working dye image providing compound
containing a dye or dye precursor is initially mobile, bùt
25 can be imagewise immobilized by reduction of developable
silver halide directly or indirectly through an electron
transfer agent. Systems which employ mobile dye developers,
including shifted dye developers, are illustrated by
Rogers, U.S. Patents 2,774,668 and 2,983,606; Idelson et
j 3 al, U.S. Patent 3,3~7,947; Dershowitz et al, U.S. Patent
3,230,085; Cieciuch et al, U.S. Patent 3,579,334; Yutzy,
¦ U.S. Patent 2,756,142; and Harbison, Defensive Publication
I T889,017. In a variant form a dye moiety can be attached
¦ to an initially mobile coupler. Oxidation of a para-
35 phenylenediamine or hydroquinone developing agent can
result in a reaction between the oxidized developing agent
and the dye containîng a coupler to form an immobile
compound. Such systems are illustrated by Rogers, U.S.
Patents 2,774,668 and 3,087,817; Greenhalgh et al, U.K.
.
``'. '' `
.
~3~
- 34 -
Patents 1,157,501 and '506; Puschel et al, U.S. Patent
3,84LI,785; Stewart et al, U.S. Patent 3,653,896; Gehin et
al, French Patent 2,287,711; and Research Disclosure,
Volume 145, May 1976, Item 14521.
Other image transfer systems are known in which
varied immobilization or transfer techniques are employed.
For example, a mobile developer-mordant can be imagewise
immobilized by development of silver halide to imagewise
immobilize an initially mobile dye, as illustrated by Haas,
10 U.S. Patent 3,729,314. Silver halide development with an
electron trans~er agent can produce a free radical intermediate
which causes an initially mobile dye to polymerize in an
imagewise manner, as illustrated by Pelz et al, U.S. Patent
3,585,030 and Oster, U.S. Patent 3,019,104. Tanning develop-
15 ment of a gelatino-silver halide emulsion can render the
gelatin impermeable to mobile dye and thereby imagewise
restrain transfer of mobile dye, as illustrated by Land,
U.S. Patent 2,543,181. Also gas bubbles generated by sllver
halide development can be used effectively to restrain
20 mobile dye transfer, as illustrated by Rogers, U.S. Patent
2,774,668. Electron transfer agent not exhausted by silver
halide development can be transferred to a recelver to
imagewise bleach a polymeric dye to a leuco form, as illus-
trated by Rogers, U.S. Patent 3,015,561.
A number of image transfer systems employing posi-
tive-working dye image providing compounds are known in which
dyes are not initially present, but are formed by reactions
occurring in the photographic element or receiver following
exposure. For example, mobile coupler and color developing
30 agent can be imagewise reacted as a function of silver
halide development to produce an immobile dye while residual
developing agent and coupler are transferred to the receiver,
and the developing agent is oxidized to form on coupling a
transferred immobile dye image, as illustrated by Yutzy, U.S.
35 Patent 2,756,142, Greenhalgh et al, U.K. Patents 1,157,501-
506; and Land~ U.S. Patents 2,559,643; 2,647,049; 2,661,293;
2,698,244, and 2,698,798. In a variant form of this system,
the coupler can be reacted with a solubilized diazonium
salt (or azosulfone precursor~ to form a diffusible azo dye
.: '
3~
before transfer, as illustrated by Viro et al, U.S. Patent
3,837,852. In another variant form, a single, initially
mobile coupler-developer compound can participate in inter-
molecular self-coupling at the receiver to form an lmmobile
5 dye image, as illustrated by Simon, U.S. Patent 3,537,850
and Yoshiniobu, U.S. Patent 3,865,593. In still another
variant form, a mobile amidrazone is present with the mobile
coupler and reacts with it at the receiver to form an immoblle
dye image, as lllustrated by Janssens et al, U.S. Patent
lo 3,939,035. Instead of using a mobile coupler, a mobile
leuco dye can be employed. The leuco dye reacts with oxid-
ized electron transfer agent to form an lmmoblle product,
while unreacted leuco dye is transferred to the receiver and
oxidized to form a dye image, as illustrated by Lestina et al,
15 u.s. Patent 3,880,658; Cohler et al, U.S. Patent 2,892,710;
Corley et al, U.S. Patent 2,992,105; and Rogers, U.S. Patents
2,909,430 and 3,065,074. Moblle qulnone-heterocyclammonium
salts can be immoblllzed as a functlon of sllver hallde
development and residually transferred to a recelver where
20 converslon to a cyanlne or merocyanine dye occurs~ as lllus-
trated by Bloom, U.S. Patents 3,537,851 and '852.
Image transfer systems employing negative_working
dye image providing compounds are also known in whlch dyes
are not initially present, but are formed by reactions occurr-
25 ing in the photographic element or receiver following exposure.For example, a ballasted coupler can react with color develop-
ing agent to form a mobile dye, as illustrated by Whitmore et
al U.S. Patent 3,227,550, Whitmore U.S. Patent 3,227,552,
Bush et al U.S. Patent 3,791,827 and Viro et al U.S. Patent
30 4,o36,643. An immobile compound containing a coupler can
react with oxidized para-phenylenediamine to release a mobile
coupler which can react with additional oxidized para-phenyl-
enediamine before, during or after release to form a mobile
dye, as illustrated by ~igueras et al U.S. Patent 3,734,726
35 and Janssens et al German OLS 317,134. In another form, a
ballasted amidrazone reacts with an electron transfer agent as
a function of silver halide development to release a mobile
amidrazone which reacts with a coupler to form a dye at the
receiver, as illustrated by Ohyama et al U.S. Patent 3,933,493.
., .
3t~
-36-
An ima~e to be viewed can be transferred from the image-
forming layers. A retained image can be formed for viewing as a
concurrently formed complement of the transferred image.Positive
transferred images and useful negative retained images can be
formed with the direct positive silver halide emulsions of this
invention when imaging chemistry is negative-working; and nega-
tive transferred images and positive retained images can be
formed when the imaging chemistry is positive-working. Images
retained in and transferred from the image-forming layers are
illustrated by U.K. Patent 1,456 r413 ~ Friedman U.S. Patent
10 2~543~691~ Bloom et al U.S. Patent 3~443~940~ Staples U.S.
Patent 3 ~923 ~510 and Fleckenstein et al U.S. Patent 4 ~076 ~529.
Where mobile dyes are transferred to the receiver a mordant
is commonly present in a dye image providing layer. Mordants and
mordant containing layers are described in the following
references:
Sprague et al U.S. Patent 2~548~564~ Weyerts U.S. Patent
2,548,575, Carroll et al U.S. Patent 2~675~316~ Yutzy et al U.S.
Patent 2~713~305~ Saunders et al U.S. Patent 2~756~149~ Reynolds
et al U.S. Patent 21768~078~ Gray et al U.S. Patent 2~839~401~
20 Minsk U.S~. Patents 2~882~156 and 2,9g5,006, Whitmore et al U.S.
Patent 2~940~849~ Condax U.S. Patent 2~952~566~ Mader et al U.S.
Patent 3~016~306, Minsk et al U.S. Patents 3~048~487 and
3~184~309~ Bush U.S. Patent 3~271~147~ Whitmore U.S. Patent
3,271,148, Jones et al U.S. Patent 3~282,699~ Wolf et al U.S.
25 Patent 3~408~193~ Cohen et al U.S. Patents 3~488~706~ 3~557~066
3,625~694~ 3~709,690, 3~758~445~ 3~788~855~ 3~898~088 and
3 ~ 944 ~424, Cohen U.S. Patent 3 ~ 639 r 357 ~ Taylor U.S. Patent
3~770~439~ Campbell et al U.S. Patent 3~958~995 and Ponticello
et al _search Disclosure, Vol. 120, April 1974 ~ Item 12045.
One-step processing can be employed, as illustrated by
U.K. Patent 1~471,752~ Land U.S. Patent 2,543,181,
~'
.- .
.
.
- 37 -
Rogers U.S. Patent 2,983,606 ~pod processing?, Land U.S.
Patent 3,485,628 ~soak image-former and laminate to receiver)
and Land U.S. Patent 3,907,563 ( soak receiver and laminate
to image-forming element~ or multi-step processing can be
employed, as illustrated by Yutzy U.S. Patent 2,756,142,
Whitmore et al U.S. Patent 39227,550 and Fau:L et al U.S.
Patent 3,998,637.
Preformed reflective layers can be employed, as
illustrated by Whitmore Canadian Patent 674,082, Beavers
10 U.S. Patent 3,445,228 Land U.S. Patents 2,543~181, 3,415,644,
~645 and '646 and Barr et al U.K. Patent 1,330,524 or pro-
cessing-formed reflective layers can be employed, as illus-
trated by Land U.S. Patents 2,607, ~85 and 3,647,437, Rogers
U.S. Patent 2,983,606 and Buckler U.S. Patent 3,661,585.
Generally, the image transfer film units in
accordance with this invention comprise:
(1) a photographic element comprising a support having
thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing
radiation-sensitive internal latent image silver halide grains
20 and a thiazole-substituted aryl-hydrazide nucleating agent,
the emulsion layer preferably having in contact therewith an
image dye-providing material,
(2) an image-receiving layer, which can be located on a
separate support and superposed or adapted to be superposed
25 on the photographic element or, preferably, can be coated as
a layer in the photographic element,
(3) an alkaline processing composition,
(4) means containing and adapted to release the alkaline
. processing composition into contact with the emulsion layer,
3 and
(5) a silver halide developing agent located in at
least one of the photographic element and alkaline processing
composition so that the processing composition and developing
agent, when brought together~ form a silver halide surface
35 developer.
In highly preferred embodiments, the film units of
this invention con~ain a support having thereon a layer con-
taining a blue-sensitive emulsion and in contact therewith a
yellow image dye-providing material, a red-sensitive silver
.
~:~L3~ '~7
-- 38 --
halide emulsion and in contact therewi~h a cyan image dye-
providing material, and a green-sensitive emulsion and in
contact therewith a magenta image dye-providing material,
and preferably all of said image dye-providing materials are
initially immobile image dye-providing materials.
The terms "diffusible" (or "mobile") and "immobile"
(or "nondiffusible"), as used herein, refer to compounds
which are incorporated in the photographic element and, upon
contact with an alkaline processing solution, are substan-
tially diffusible or substantially immobile, respectlvely~in ~he hydrophilic colloid layers of a photographic element.
The term "image dye-providing material", as used
herein, is understood to refer to those compounds which are
employed to ~orm dye i~ages in photographic elements. These
compounds include dye developers, shifted dyes, color coup-
lers, oxichromic compounds, dye redox releasers, etc, as
described above in connection with positive-worklng and
negative-working image transfer systems.
In one preferred embodiment, the receiver layer is
coated on the same support with the photosensitive silver
halide emulsion layers, the support i~s preferably a trans~
parent support, an opaque layer is preferably positioned
between the image-receiving layer and the photosensitlve
silver halide layer, and the alkaline processing composition
25 preferably contains an opacifying substance, such as carbon
or a pH-indicator dye which is discharged into the film unit
between a dimensionally stable support or cover sheet and
the photosensitive element.
In certain embodiments, the cover sheet can be
3 superposed or is adapted to be superposed on the photosensi-
tive element. The image-receiving layer can be located on
the cover sheet so that it becomes an image-receiving
element. In certain preferred embodiments where the
image-receiving layer is located in the photosensitive
; 35 element, a neutralizing layer is located on the cover sheet.
Increases in DmaX can be obtained in color image
transfer film units containing internally sulfur- and gold-
sensitized emulsions of the type described by Evans, U.S.
Patent 3,761,276, and sulfonamidonaphthol redox dye-releasing
''-" ' ,'
:;,.,
- 3~ -
compounds of the type described by Fleckensteln Britlsh
Patent 1,405,662, by lncorporatlon into the emulsion layers
of a variety of chemical addenda generally recognized ln the
art as antifoggants or development inhibltors, as well as
hydrolyzable precursors thereof. Many Or these compounds
also provide improved stabilization Or sensitometric proper-
ties o~ liquid emulsion and of the storage llre o~ the coated
emulsion. The efIects, shown ln ~ilm unlts of the type des-
cribed in Examples 40 through 42 of Britlsh Patent 1,405,~62,
10 are in addition to the effect o~ 5-methylbenzotriazole ln the
processlng composlti~n eYen when the latter is present ln
quantities as high as 4 grams per liter. Ef~ectlve compsunds
in general are selected from the group conslsting of (a)
1,2,3-triaæoles~ tetra~oles and benzotriaæoles having an
15 N-Rl group ln the heterocyclic rlng, wherein Rl represents
hydrogen or an alkali-hydrolyzable group, or (b) heterocyclic
mercaptans or thiones and precursors thereo~, mostly having
one of the formulas
Z'--~N or z~ N_Rl
~C-SR2 ~ C~S
wherein
Z comprises the atoms necessary to complete an
azole ring, and
R2 represents, in addition to the groups specl~led
above for R , a metal ion.
The compounds are generally employed at concentra-
tions less than about 300 mg per mole of silver, each compound
hav~ng an optlmum concentration above which development and/or
3 nucleation are inhibited and DmaX decreases with increaslng
concentration. Specifically preferred antifoggants and
~tablllzers, as well as other preferred color lmage transfer
film unit and system features, are more speci~ically dlsclosed
ln Research Disclosure, Volume 151, November 1976, Item 15162.
A more detalled descriptlon of useful ~mage transfer
film units and systems is contained in the patents relating to
image transfer cited above. A specific, pre~erred image-
transfer film unit and image transfer system 1s that disclosed
by Leone et al U.S. Patents 4,030,925 and 4,080,207~ cited above.
" . . .
. ` `
~ . ' .
- 40 -
The followlng examples lllustrate ~he lnvention.
Al~ temperatures are in C.
E~ample 1 -- N-(Benzotriazol-5-yl)-4-(2-formylhydrazino)-
phenyla-cetamide
~HNH--CHO
~0~
/ \ /N~
NH
p-(2-~ormylhydrazino)phenylacetic Acid
p-Aminophenylacetic acid (3.02 g, 0.02 M) and
concentrated hydrochloric acid (8 ml) were stirred together
at 0~. The mixture was treated with sodium nitrite (1.38 g,
0.02 M) in water (10 ml) at 0. The reaction mixture was
then stirred for a f`urther one-half hour.
Stannous chloride (13.3 g, 0.07 M) in concentrated
hydrochloric acid (15 ml) was added dropwlse to the diazo-
tized solution at 0. The reaction mixture was refrigerated
overnight. Next morning, the solid was filtered, washed
with a saturated solution of sodium chloride (30 ml), followed
by petroleum-ether and ether. The solid was taken up in ice-
cold water (20 ml) and sodium hydroxide (3N) solution was
added until all of the solid was in solution. This was then
acidified with acetic acid and was filtered immediately.
The filtrate was concentrated to precipitate the hydrazine.
The hydrazine was filtered and dried (2.63 g~ 80 percent).
_-Hydrazinophenylacetic acid (3.32 g, 0.02 M),
sodium formate (2.72 g, 0.04 m), ethyl formate (49 g), formic
acid (10 ml) was refluxed for one hour in ethanol (100 ml).
The residue was removed by filtration and the filtrate on
concentration afforded light-yellow crystals (2.2 g, 55 per-
cent).
5-Aminobenzotriazole
5-Nitrobenztriazole (10 g) was shaken with Raney
nickel (3 spoons) and ethanol (200 ml) under hydrogen at
'1
. . ~.,
- 41 -
atmospheric pressure until the uptake of hydrogen ceased.
The Raney nickel was removed by filtration through Keiselguhr,
and the dark ethanolic solution was evaporated to dryness.
Crystallization from aqueous ethanol afforded 5-aminobenzo-
triazole (6 g, 75 percent).
~-(Benzotriazol-5-yl)-4-(2-formylhydrazino)phenylacetamide
5-Aminobenzotriazole (2.68 g, 0.02 M) in dimethyl-
formamide (20 ml) was stirred at room temperature overnight
with the hydraæide (3.98 g, 0.02 M) in the presence of
dicyclohe~ylcarbodi-imide (L~.12 g, 0.02 M). Next morning,
dicyclohexylurea was removed by filtration and the filtrate
was poured onto ice and hydrochloric acid (10 ml). The solid
so formed was collected by filtration, washed with ice-cold
water, and was dried (4 g, 66 percent). Recrystallization
from pyridine gave (1.2 g, 20 percent). The identity of the
compound was confirmed by NMR, mass spectra and elemental
analysis.
Example 2
A coating was prepared as follows:
A dispersion of an image dye-releasing compound of
the structure:
OH
\~/coNH(cH2)4o--\ O ~ c H -t
0/ \ / C H -t
f 5 1 1
NH ~SO2NHC(CH3)3
O 2--~ O ,--N= N~ --OH
CH3SO2NH--~\ 0/
¦ in diethyllauramide (1:1) was made in aqueous gelatin, and
coated on a polyethylene terephthalate photographic film
base to give coverages of 0.5 grams per square meter of dye
releaser and 1.0 grams per square meter of gelatin. The
dispersion particles were of the order of l~m average diameter.
-
-- :
` ~ ',' ' ' ` .
7~i~
On top o~ this layer was coated an emulsion layer.
This was a 1.4-micron green-sensitized silver bromide emul-
sion of the internal image type~ as described in British
Patent 1,385,039, coated at 1 gram per square meter of silver
bromide and 1 gram per square meter of gelatin and containing
5-sec-octadecylhydroquinone-2-sulphonic acid at 2 grams per
mol Ag.
The dried coating was exposed to a sensitometric
light source, under safelight conditions, and processed by
dipping it and a receiving sheet into a developer solution
for 15 seconds, then removing the two sheets and squeegeeing
them into intimate face-to-face contact fo-r a~ further one
minute and 45 seconds. The two sheets were then peeled apart
and the magenta dye image on the receiving sheet examined.
The receiving sheet consisted of poly[styrene-co-N,N-dimethyl-
N-benzyl-N-(3-maleimidopropyl)ammonium chloride] in gelatin
coated on polyethylene-coated paper both at 2 grams per
square meter.
The developer solution used had the ~ollowing
composition:
Na2HPOL~ 36 g/Q
Na2S3 25 g/Q
Phenoxyethanol 6.6 ml/Q
Ethoxyethanol 3.3 ml/Q
25 Ethanolamine 4 ml/Q
4-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-1-
phenyl-3-pyrazolidone 0.60 g/Q
Piperidinohexosereductone 2.0 g/Q
Benzotriazole 0.10 g/Q
30 Water to make 1 liter
4M NaOH solution to p~ 12.0
The nucleating agent of Example 1 and a control
nucleating agent were dissolved in this solution at the
levels stated below.
Direct-positive magenta images-on-white o~ the
sensitometric step-wedge were obtained, and the diffuse
reflection densities to green light read. Results are
given in Table I.
,.
-' :
. ,
. .
- ~ ~ 3~7~
_ L~3 _
TABLE I
Nucleator Concentration Dmax Dmin
CH2-.~ O ,.-NHNHCHO 1. 5 mg/Q 1.22 0.29
0=C H 2.5 mg/Q 1.85 0.31
1 ~ ~ ~N~ 5 mg/Q 2.04 o.36
O ~ N 10 mg/Q 2.30 0.42
\.~ \N~ 20 mg/Q 2.35 0.54
(I)
CH3-.~ O \.-NHNHCHO 10 mg/Q 0.89 0.21
~ 25 mg/Q 1.62 0.24
(II) 50 mg/Q 1.65 0.24
100 mg/Q 1.80 0.24
From these results, it can be seen that the nuclea-
tor of the inventlon (I) is clearly active at much lower
concentrations than the non-adsorbing nucleator (II).
,
Example 3
Coatings were prepared as in Example 2, except
that immediately before coating the emulsion layer, compound
(I) was added (as a solution in methanol) to the emulsion at
30 mg per mol of AgBr in one case, and at 100 mg per mol of
AgBr in the other. Testing and processing were as in
Example 2, except that no nucleator was added to the devel-
oper solution. Direct positive images in magenta dye were ;
obtained in each case, with DmaX/Dmin 1.40/0.43 and 1-60/0.39,
respectively.
.
-
,
;`
.
.
- 44 -
Example 4 -- N-(Benzotriazol-5-yl)-3-[5-(2-formylhydra-
zino)-2-methoxyphenyl]propionamide
CH~CON~ N~
\N~
~-Methoxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde
Finely-di~ided 2-methoxybenzaldehyde (49 g) was
added to ice-cold concentrated sulphuric acid (95 ml) and
the mixture was stirred to give a deep red solution which
was cooled to -5. The mixture was cooled in a CO2/acetone
bath while fuming nitric acid (sp.gr. 1.5; 20 ml) was added
dropwise with stirring whilst the temperature of the reaction
remained below 10.
On completion of the addition, the mixture was
stirred for a ~urther 15 minutes and then poured :lnto
ice/water (2 liters). A fawn powder was obtained by filtra-
tion and this was recrystallized from boiling ligroin (5liters).
Weight of product = 2~ grams.
2-Methoxy_5-nitrocinnamic acid
Piperidine (1 ml) was added to a mixture of
2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (24 g) and malonic acid (30 g)
in pyridine (about 60 ml). The mixture was warmed on a steam
bath for 3 hours (slow evolution of carbon dioxide) and then
poured into water (500 ml) when a yellow solid precipitated.
The solid was removed by filtration and crystallized from
ethanol (1 liter). The weight of the product was 20 grams.
3-(5-Amino-2-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid
2-Methoxy-5-nitrocinnamic acid (17 g) and 10 per-
cent Palladium on charcoal catalyst (2 g) in ethanol (600 ml)
were hydrogenated under a pressure of 50 psi of hydrogen.
When the uptake of hydrogen was complete, the
ethanolic solution was treated with decolorizing charcoal
)
.. . . .
. ::
_ Lj5 _
~5 g) and then filtered through ~ieselguhr. The filtrate
was evaporated to dryness to give a cream powder. The
weight of product was 13.7 g.
_[5-(2-Formylhydra~ino)-2-methoxyphenyl]propionic acid
3-(5-Amino-2-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (4 g,
0.02 mole), concentrated hydrochloric acid (30 ml) and
water (45 rnl) were stirred together at 0. The mixture was
treated with sodium nitrite (1.38 g, 0.02 mole) ~n water
(10 ml) at 0~. ~he solution was then stirred for a further
one-half hour. The excess of nitrous acid was destroyed
with urea. The above reaction mixture was added to a solu-
tion of stannous chloride (7.6 g) in concentrated hydro-
chloric acid (10 ml). The precipitate (5 g) was collected
by filtration. Free hydrazine was obtained from a concen-
trated aqueous solution of the crude hydrochloride by addi-
tion of saturated aqueous solution of sodium acetate. A
mixture of 3-(5-hydrazino-2-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid
(8.8 g, 0.025 mole), sodium formate (2.8 g, 0.0~ mole~,
formic acid (18 ml) and ethanol (60 ml) was heated under
reflux for one hour. ~he solvents were removed under vacuum
and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (1 liter).
The organic layer was then washed with water and dilute
aqueous hydrochloric acid (1 percent). The organic layer
was dried with sodium sulphate, the solvent was removed
under reduced pressure and the residue crystallized from
water (5 g). -
N-(Benzotriazol-5-yl)-3-[5-(2-formylhydrazino)-2-methoxy-
phenyl]propionamide
~H2CH2COOH
OCH H N~ ~;o\ ~N~
H C O N H N H ~ ~ 3 / N
. H
.
~, ` . ' ` ~ -
. .
. .
- L~6 -
CH -CH
2 ~2
CH2 CH - N OH
CH -CH ¦¦ ~ n /N\N
CH -CH ll ~-~ \N~
ICH2 CH - N
¦CH -CH
CH2C~2CONH\ ~
' ~ ~-OCH ~ N
¦HCONHNH-~ 9 N
¦ The preparation was carried out by skirring the reactants together under nitrogen with the exclusion of
moisture.
-~ ~ Anhyclrous N-hydroxybenzotriazole (1.3 g) was added
to a cooled solution of 3-C5-t2-formylhydrazino)-2-methoxy-
phenyl]propionic acid (1.2 g) and 5-aminobenzotriazole (o.67
g, 0.005 mole) in dry dimethylformamide ~10 ml). A solution
. 10 of dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide (1.1 g) was added dropwise to
i~ the solution of reactants at such a rate that the temperature
was kept at 0.
After the addition, the reaction mixture was kept
for one hour at 0, 15 hours at room temperature and 6 hours
at 60.
The main crop of urea was collected after 16 hours
but a small amount precipitated after cooling of the reaction
mixture. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the
resulting oil was dissolved in methanol. On cooling, the
cream-colored product crystallized out. A sample recrystal-
; lized from methanol (0.9 g).
C17H18N603 Requires: C, 57.6; H, 5.0; H, 23-7
Found: C, 57.2; H, 5.2, N, 23.4
.
-
''`' '
"~ ' '` '. ~ ~ .:
- 1~7 -
Example 5 -- N-(Benzotriazol-5-yl)-4-(2-acetylhydrazino)-
phenoxyacetamide
C H C O N H N H ~ - O C H C O N H~ N~
~/ \N/
~1
4-(2-Acetylhydrazino)phenoxyacetic acid
4-~ydrazinophenoxyacetic acid .lH20 (10.0 g) and
1,3,4,6-tetraacetyltetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-
(lH,3H)-dione (7.8 g) were suspended in dry acetonitrile
(200 ml) containing acetic acid (1 ml). The mixture was
heated under reflux for 3 hours, cooled to room temperature,
and filtered. The precipitate was washed well with aceto-
nitrile; the washings were combined with the filtrate, and
this solution was evaporated to give a dark oil. The residue
was taken up in hot ethanol (25 ml) and the brown powder
which precipitated on chilling was filtered off and drled.
Recrystallization from acetonitrile gave the product as
chunky, tan crys-tals (6.9 g).
N-(Benzotriazol-5-yl)-4-(2-acetylhydrazino?phenoxyacetamide
A solution of 4-(2-acetylhydrazino)phenoxyacetic
acid (1.1 g), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (1.0 g) and 5-aminobenzo-
tria~ole (0.67 g, 0~005 mole) in dry dimethylformamide (10 ml)was stirred at 0 under dry nitrogen. Dicyclohexylcarbodi-
imide (1.1 g) in dry dimethylformamide (5 ml) was added drop-
wise over 15 minutes and the reaction mixture was stirred for
1 hour at 0 and 4 hours at room temperature. The dicyclo-
hexylurea which precipitated was filtered and dried (0.7 g)and the filtrate was stirred at 60 overnight, under nitrogen.
The reaction mixture was cooled and an additional precipitate
of dicyclohexylurea was filtered off (0.3 g). The filtrate
was evaporated, the residue was triturated with boiling
methanol (50 ml) and the solid which precipitated was fil-
tered off and dried (0.7 g). The filtrate was cooled at 5
~ . ... . . .
. ~ .
.' ` ~ .
4~ -
overnight and the solid which crystallized out was ~iltered
off and dried (o.6 g). The two precipitates, wh~ch were
identical by IR, were combined and recrystallized from
methanol:acetonitrile to give the product as a beige-colored
powder (1.0 g). NMR analysis indicates the presence of
ca 0.3 mole of H2O.
C16H16N6O3-~0.3 H2O Re~uires: C, 55.58; H, 4-81; N, 24-61
Found: C, 55.57; H, 4.86; N, 24.32
Example 6
10 A dispersion of the redox dye releaser specified
in Example 2 was made and coated as described therein.
On top of this layer was coated the emulsion layer
described in Example 2.
The dried coating was exposed to a sensitometric
light source, under sa~elight conditions, and processed by
dipping it and a receiving sheet into a developer solution
for 15 seconds, then remov~ng the two sheets and squeegeeing
them into intimate face-to-face contact for a further 1 min-
ute and 45 seconds. The two sheets were then peeled apart
and the magenta dye image on the receiving sheet examined.
(The receiving sheet consisted of poly~styrene-co-N,N-dimethyl-
N-benzyl-N-(3-maleimidopropyl)ammonium chloride] in gelatin
coated on polyethylene-coated paper both at 2 grams per
square meter, and hardened with 0.02 grams per square meter
of bis(vinylsulphonylmethyl)ether hardening agent.)
The developer solution used had the ~ollowing
compvsition:
Na2HP04 36g/Q
Na2S3 25g/Q
Benzyl alcohol 10ml/Q
L-Lysine hydrochloride 5g/Q
4-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-1-
phenyl-3-pyrazolidone 0.60 g/Q
Piperidinohexosereductone 2.0 g/Q
5-Methylbenzotriazole 0.20 g/Q
Water to make 1 liter
4M sodium hydroxide solution to pH 12.0
. ' . ~ .
. , .
.: ' ;
~ L~9~7~t~
- 49
The nucleating agent prepared in Example 5 was
dissolved in this solution at the levels stated below.
Direct-positive magenta images-on-white of the
sensitometric step-wedge were obtained, and the diffuse
reflection densities to green light read. The results are
given in Table II.
TABLE II
Nucleator Minimum Maximum
Concentration Density Density
0 0.32 0.70
2 mg/Q 0.38 1.28
5 mg/Q 0.57 1.70
10 mg/Q 77 1.78
Thus, a preferred level of nucleation was obtained
at a concentration of 5 mg/Q under the conditions of the
experiment.
Example 7
In this and the following Example, the nucleators
of Examples 1 and 4 were tested in a series of photographic
coatings. Each coating consisted of a support having coated
thereon a first layer comprising a dispersion of the redox
dye-releaser specified in Example 2, and a second layer com-
prising the green-sensitized internal image silver bromide
emulsion employed in Example 2 containing one of the
nucleating agents.
To portions of the emulsion were added quantities
of nucleating agent, dissolved in methanol (with a little
dimethylformamide in the case of nucleator of Example 1), as
specified in Table III. The portions of emulsion were then
; 30 coated separately (1 gram of silver/m ~ on top of the redox
dye releaser layer described above, and the emulsion l~yers
in turn were supercoated with a layer comprising gelatin,
1 g/m .
. . .
'
:
-
- 50 -
A portion of each dried coating was exposed to a
sensitometric light source, under safelight conditions, and
processed by dipping it and a receiving sheet into an acti-
vator solution for 15 seconds at 22, then removing the two
sheets and squeegeeing them into intimate face-to-face contact
for a further 1 minute and 45 seconds. The two sheets were
then peeled apart and the magenta dye image on the receiving
sheet examined. (The receiving sheet consisted of poly-
~styrene-co-N,N-dimethyl-N-benzyl-N-(3-maleimidopropyl)-
ammonium chloride] 2 g/m2 gelatin, 2 g/m2, 4-hydroxymethyl-
4-methyl 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, 0~25 g/m2, and bis(vinyl-
sulphonylmethyl~ether hardening agent, 0.02 g/m2~ coated on
polyethylene-coated paper.)
The activator solution used had the following
composition:
Na2C3 2~ g
Lysine hydrochloride 5 g
Benæyl alcohol 10 ml
5-Methylbenzotriazole 0.1 g
Water to 1 liter
pH to stated value with 4M NaOH
Direct-positive magenta images of the sensitometric
step-wedge were obtained, and the diffuse reflection densi-
ties to green light were measured. Results are given in
Table III.
L3~tj
-- 51 --
O S:: N L~\ C~
r-l ~ ~D CO 11
q O O O
O
.~ X o
~ L~ ~ O :,
If
. ~ ~ ~D
O ,~ ~ =r ~
~ O O O
I
H O
H
H
¢ ~1 o o o
.
~, bO
:~ ~0 ¢ ¢
~-rl ~ ~ ~
0~ O O O
a~ ~ ~D ~ bO
~ ~.
Z ~
O ~ L~ O
V ~ ~ O~
~-
O O
~Z
o a~
. ~r
a) ~
~ td
Z~
..... , . ~ . . . ~ .
'
~3~7~'~
-- 52 --
Example 8
Coatings were prepared broadly as described
in Example 7, with the structure shown below.
1.0 g/m2 gelatin
silver, 0.65 g/m2; gelatin, 1.08 g/m2
.... _ ., ... . _
redox dye releaser, 0.54 g/m2; gelatin, 1. o8 g/m2
Support
Before coating the nucleator of Example 5
was added to the emulsion layer in the amount specified
in ~able IV.
The coatings were exposed and processed as
in Example 7, using activator solutions o~ the ~ollowing
composition:
pH 11.0:
NaHC03 . 25 g
Benzyl alcohol 10 ml
Ethanolamine 5 ml
5-Methylbenzotriazole 0.2 g
Water to 1 liter
4M NaOH to pH 11.0
, .
.. . .
" ~ 3~ ~ ~ 7
- 53 -
pH 11.5, 12.0:
Na2HP04 36 g
Benzyl alcohol 10 ml
Lysine hydrochloride 5 g
ll-Aminoundecanoic acid 2 g
5-Methylbenzotriazole 0.2 g
Water to 1 liter
4M NaOH to pH 11.5 or 12.0
Direct-positive magenta images-on-white of the
sensitometric step-wedge were obtained, of similar photo-
graphic speed for each coating. Diffuse reflection den-
sities to green light were measured, and results are given
in Table IV.
.,
.
.
." ~' '. " .
~L~3~3t7~,t~
-- 54 -
o
o
o
J~
~ X
~ ~ C~
¢
U~
~ ~ ~ .
~E o
X
P
o X
~ 3
~1 ~
m~ El
~C ~ O
~ E ¦ -
¢ ~ O
~o ~o
s~ ~ ¢
o ~ ~ , ,.
a) ~ o
~I ~ ~ I
C) bO
z o
~ 3 .
.~ O
a~
~d ~ u~
~'
C) ~
~ X
` i' Z ~
- . ,. .' ~ ' : ` ' : :
`, :
" ~, . . . , ' . :
- ',
- 55
Example 9 -- N-[4-(2-Formylhydrazino)phenethyl]benzo-
triazole-4-sulphonamide
H
R N
NHCH 2 CH 2-~ NHNHCHO
Benzotriazole-4-sulphonic acid
This was prepared by the method o~ Randell and
Cox (British Patent Specification No. 1209919), in 81 per-
cent yield.
Benzotriazol-4-sulphonyl chloride
Benzotriazole-4-sulphonic acid (5 g, 23 mM) was
added, in portions, to chlorosulphonic acid (50 ml), whilst
keeping the temperature of the acid below 0. The resulting
solution was heated at 120 overnight, cooled and carefully
poured onto ice (1000 g). The solid which ~ormed was collec-
ted by filtration, washed well with water and dried in vacuo.
This material was dissolved in boilin~ ethyl acetate and
decolorized using a small quantity of charcoal. The product
crystallized from the ethyl acetate solution after petroleum
ether (40 to 600) was added, as a white solid (3.94 g, 72
percent), m.p. 173 to 175 (uncorr.).
The preparation of Compound 2 directly from 5-methyl-
benzotriazole may be achieved by treatment with chlorosul-
phonic acid at 120 overnight. The yields of Compound 2
obtainable by this method are usually a little lower than
those obtained from the two-stage synthesis outlined above.
N-(4-Nitrophenethyl)benzotriazole-4-sulphonamide
4-Nitrophenethylamine hydrobromide (27.17 g,
0.11 M) was dissolved in a mixture of tetrah~drofuran-(25 ml),
water (3 ml~ and triethylamine t14.14 g, 19.6 ml, 0.14 M),
and the solution was stirred at room temperature for one
:~, ' ' '
: ' :
.
~3~ 7~
- 56 -
hour, after which time dlmethylaniline (13.31 g, 0.11 M)
was added.
A solution o~ benzotriazole-4-sulphonyl chloride
(21.75 g, 0.1 M) in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml) was then added,
dropwise, over half an hour. The reaction mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, poured into dilute
hydrochloric acid (lN, 500 ml), and the oily mixture so
formed was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 100 ml).
The extract was dried (sodium sulphate) and evap-
orated to leave a foam which crystallized from ethylacetate/ether to afford the product (15 g, 43 percent),
m.p. 155 to 156 (uncorr.).
N-(4-Aminophenethyl)benzotriazole-4-sulphonamide
N-(4-Nitrophenethyl)benzotriazole-4-sulphonamide
(10 g, 29 mM) was suspended in ethanol (250 ml) and hydro-
genated at 50 psi over 10 percent palladium on carbon
catalyst (1 g~ until hydrogen uptake ceased. The mixture
was filtered through anhydrous sodium sulphate and the fll-
trate was concentrated under reduced pressure to leave the
product as a pale yellow solid (6.53 g, 71 percent), m.p.
178 to 179 (uncorr.~.
C15H15N502S Requires: C, 53.0; H, 4.8~ N, 22.1; S, 10.1
Found: C, 52.2; H, 4.9; N, 22.2; S, 9.9
4-(Benzotriazole-4-sulphonamidoethyl)phenylhydrazine
hydrochloride
N-(4-Aminophenethyl)benzotriazole-4-sulphonamide
(4.53 g, 14 mM) was dissolved in a minimum of boiling
ethanol (100 ml). The solution was cooled to -5, saturated
with dry hydrogen chloride and, after further cooling to
-10, amyl nitrite (1.84 g, 16 mM, 2.11 ml) was added over
10 minutes. The mixture was then stirred for 2 hours at
-10. The very small quantity of solid which remained was
removed from the reaction mixture by filtration and the
filtrate was added, all at once, to a solution of anhydrous
stannous chloride (8.13 g, 43 mM) in ethanolic hydrogen
chloride (10 ml) at 0. The reaction mixture was stirred
at 0 for 1 hour, left at 5 overnight and then poured into
'' :
.. . .
L3~7~7
-- 57 --
ether (1 liter). The solid which precipitated was collec-
ted t4.1 g).
This was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and hydro-
gen sulphide was bubbled through the solution for 5 minutes.
The inorganic solids were filtered off, and the ~iltrate was
poured into ether (1.2 liters). The mixture was set aside
at 5 overnight and the product which precipitated as a
white hygroscopic solid (4 g~ 76 percent) was collected.
The mass spectrum of the product showed a peak of m/e 332
(M-HCQ) with measured mass 332.1065, C14H16N602S requires
332.1055.
N-(4-(2-Formylhydrazino)phenethyl)benzotriazole-4-sulphonamide
4-tBenzotriazole-4-sulphonamidoethyl)phenylhydrazine
hydrochloride t100 mg, 0.3 mM), sodium formate t37 mg, 0.5 mM)
and formic acid tO.5 ml) were heated under reflux for- 1 hour
in ethyl formate (10 ml). The solvent was removed under
reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with methanol.
This solution was dried (sodium sulphate) and evaporated to
leave an oil, which solidified when treated with tetrahydro-
furan/dichloromethane to give the product (35 mg, 36 percent).This analyzed to N-[4-t2-Formylhydrazino)phenethyl]benzo-
triazole-4-sulphonamide plus one mole of ethyl formate.
C15H16N603$ ~ 1 mole ethyl formate
Requires: C, 49.8; H, 5.1; N, 19.3; S, 7.4
25 ~ound: C, 49.4; H, 4.9, N~ 19.5; S, 7.3
The invention has been described in detail with
particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof~ but
it will be understood that variations and modifications can
be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
.; . .
