Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1149~1L7
~ he present in~ention rela-tes to vibra~ors utilizing
~or their operation a ~luid medium, in particular9 compres-
sed air. Such vibrators are used, for instance, for
driving ~ibratio~ conveying devices such as jigging con-
veyers and vibratory feeders designed for discharging
bulk materials ~rom and chargi~g them into the ~arious
receptacles through hatches and the like.
The known jigging conveyers and vibratory ~eeders
have a working platform mounted o~ the ground, ~rame;
in supports or suspended horizontally or at an angle
o~ up to 20 to t~e horizontal. ~he ~ibrator is mounted
below the vibrati~g plat~orm on the Oround or directly
o~ the platform. ~he vibrator is positioned approximatelg
in ~he middle o~ the ~ibrati~g plat~orm or at one o~
the ends of the latter. ~he vibrator acts to i~part
vibrations to the vibrating ;platform in a direction
perpendicular to its sur~ace or at an angle o~ 30 thexeto.
One e~d of the vibrating plat~orm is located under t~e
discharge hopper and the other e~d - at the poi~t where
bulk materials are loaded i~to con~eying mea~s (dump
cars, automobiles etc.).
In vibration conveying devices use is most ~re~uent-
ly made o~ unbalance vibrators (c~ .S.R.Inventor's
Certificate ~o. 275,835, cl. 81E, 51) ~ith an electricg
pneumatic or h~draulic rotation mo-tor. Such an unbalance
vibrator comprises unbalance bobs (weights) xigidly ~i~ed
on the motor shiaft or on the vibrator's ow~ shaft. 1~
the latter case, the shaft rotates in bearin~s mounted
on a plate. In order to ob-tai~ directed vibrations, two
sha~ts with unbalance bobs are to be set in par~llel a~d
ro~ated by means of a gear drive in opposite directions
such that the unbala~ce bobs should rotate in phase oppo-
sitio~.
The motor is usually mounted directly on the ~ibra-
- tor plate or on a separate stationary base, and the
~otor sha~t is connected with the unbalance sha~t via
~le~ible sha~t, Cardan drive and the like.
Such vibrators create shock-~ree alternati~g sinus
oidal lcads whic~ i~pi~rt vibrator~ motion to the vibrati~g
plat~orm, resultinæ i~ the dLspla¢ement of bulk material.
~he diisadvantages of thl3 me~tioned vibrators are
the complexity o~ desig~ heiavy weight and low reliabilit~
i~ operatio~ i~ dust-lade~, abrasive and a~j~ressive ~edi~,
~or example 9 under co~ditions o~ a mi~e. Besides, such
~ibrator~ iare ~ot provided wit~ means for au~omatic
matc~lng of the dlsturbiDg force with the actual vibra-
tions o~ the vibrating platfor~, which results in a
vibrator o~erload. While so doing, the electric motor
often operates i~ the start-up mode or "stalls". Such
a mode of operation i~ combinatio~ with hig~ vibratory
- _3
~14g~4~.
loads causes a premature failure of the electric motor.
In order to reduce the e~ect of the a~ore~ ted factors,
one has to increase the power o~ the rotation ~otor. ~his,
however, causes a~ overload o~ the unbalance shaft bea-
ri~gs and their rapid ~ailure. ~he bearin~ overloads occux
when the direction of the vibrator exciting force does
not coincide with that o~ actual vibratiO~ o~ the vibra-
tin~ pl~tform.
~eumatic and hydraulic rotatiorL motor~ alw~ys
lo include a costly precision kinematic pair such as rotor-
~-stator, piston-cylirLder9 gear wheels. In order to protect
such a pair from rapid wear, provision should be made for
a t~orough puri~ication of the exlergy carri~r such as air,
contirLuous supply Or lubrica~t to rriction sur~aces ~rLd
u~Linterrupted mairLtena~Lce of said sur~aces. Such mo-tors
~eature a lovl reliability o~ operatio~L in humid, aggressive
and dust-laden media, for example, in mines.
For a more e~ficient conveya~ce o~ b~lk matorials,
the vibrating platform should be subjected to impact
dist~rba~¢es. There are know~ ilL the art piston-type
pneumatic or hydraulic percussion vibrators (c~.g ~S.S.R.
I~ventor's Certi~icate No. 340,600~ cl~ B 65 ~ 2?/22) which
comprise a body with a cylinder in which a striki~g piston
moves, and energy carrier i~let a~d outlet systems T~
is oLten that the ~unctions o~ a distributi~g me~ber
~ 4~ i7
are served by the pi~ton itself, to which e~d special
inlet cha~nels and cu-t o~ edges are provided on the
piston and in t;he cyli~der. Such vibrators likewise require
a thoxough puri~icatio~ o~ the energy carrier and co~-
tinuous lubxication of the pisto~ unit, and exhibit poor
operating ef~iciency in humid and abrasive media. ~he
speed oi the stri~ing piston travel prior to the moment
o~ impact u~ually eæceeds 5-6 m/s. ~his has an adverse
e~ect on the strength o~ the vibrato~ and vibration
conveying device in that it results in the e~ergence and
rapid development o~ microcracks in the material of their
parts and, subsequently, in their breakdown. In order
to reduce the impact speed, one has to increase the piston
and cylindex diameter, which is economically unsound. ~he-
re appear structural di~ficult;ies in the embodi~e~t o~
energy carrier distribution me~bsr~ due to reduction o~
the pisto~ stroke.
Enown i~ the art are diaphragm-type vibra~ rs (c~.,
~.S.S.R. I~vent;or's Certi~icate ~o. 438,793, cl. E 21
13/08) which include a power chamber de~ined by a body
and a diaphragm (membrane). ~his diaphragm via i~termediate
part af~ects the vibratin~ plat~orm o~ the vibratio~
conveyin~ device. ~he enex~y carrier is o~ten dîstributed
with the ~id o~ sllde valve means. ~he slide valve moves
5_
~ ~ 9 ~ ~
under the e~ect o~ the diaphragm. Such vibrators are
free from so~e o~ the afore-mentioned disadvantages.
~hey suffer, however, ~rom difficulties involved in the
manufacture o~ the outlet distributingr device in view
of the small value o~ the diaphra~m ~ovement~ Slide
valve distribution also requires the purification o~
the energy carrier, co~tinuous delivery of lubricant
and protection from abrasive particles penetrating ~rom the
environment.
Also known is a diaphragm-type vibra~or (c~., U.S.S.R.
I~ventor's Certificate ~o. 249,270, cl. 81 E, 52) ~or
driving a vibration conveying device whose working platfor~
is mounted on means permitting o~ its moveme~t in the
longitudinal ~irection and is provided with sprin& means
~or return to the initial position. ~he vibrator is provi-
ded with a body mounted immovably relative to the worki~gr
platform. ~he workingr chamber in the body has one resilient
wall made as a diaphragm (membrane) f~xed over the periphery~
~he body accommodates thereinside ~al~e means ~or the
in~ection o~ compressed gas to the wor~ingr chamber. ~ixed
i~ the ce~tral portion o~ the diaphragm is a rigid rin~ whose
opening communicates with the ~vorki~ chamber. Said rin~
has a sealing ~lan~e adjoined by a valve. ~he ring ~oves
together with the diaphragm central portion and comes to
-6
~;149~4~
rest against its stroke li~iter provided on the body.
The valve is set on a rod attached to the e~d face of
the working plat~orm.
During operation, compressed gas is supplied -to
the working chamber via injectio~ means and affects the
diaphragm. The diaphragm bulges o~ing to its resilie~ce,
its maximum movement being performed i~ the central
portion, to~ether with the ri~id ring fixed thereto.
~he rigid ri~g presses ~vith its sealing ~lan~e against
lo the valve and, via t~e valve and the rod thereof, transmit~
to tha working platform a ~orce ge~erated in the central
portion o~ the diaphra~m. Under the e~fect o~ this force 9
the working plat~orm move~ in the longitudinal direction
while compressinæ the return spring. Upon this move~ent,
the rigid ring of the diaphragm come~ to the li~iter and
stops, thereby arresting further move~ent of the diaphragm.
~he workin3 platfor~ moves orl by inertia and carries
the valve alon~. The valve breaks awag from the diaphraOm
; rin~ and compres~ed gas from the workin~ chamber is dis-
charged to the atmosphere throug~ the resulting ~ap
between the valve and the dîaphragm xing and ce~tral opening
i~ said diaphragm ring. By tbis time, the injectîo~
~eans located in the body ceases to deliver compressed
~as to the wor~i~g chamber. $fter that, the diaphra~m
with the ring is returned to the initial position under
the ef~ect of its elastic ~orces or by other special
means. Under the e~fect o~ the xeturn sprin~, the working
plat~orm per~orms it~ re-turn stroke until the valve is
pressed a~ainst the diap~ragm rin$O ~he worki~ c~a~ber
i~ rendered airti~ht be~ore starting the inJection o~
compressed ~as thereto, and the cycle is repeated.
The last-described vibrator could not ~ind wide ap-
plicatiou because o~ insu-Eficient power. The force gene-
rated in the vibrator working chamber cannot be ~ully
lo transmitted via the diaphragm to its central ring a~d
the ~/orking platform inas~uch as the worki~g sur~ace
of the diaphragm reduces rapidly at the -ti~e o~ its
bul~ing. ~his is due to the ~act that -the diaphra~m
starts stretching ~rom the peripheral portion to the
center thereo~ until it reaches its elasti¢ limit and
ceases to participate in the useful work oE movi~g the
worki~g pla~form.
In additionl such vibra-tors su~er ~ro~ the comple~-
ity o~ their design and the design o~ their inaection
and discha~e mea~s w~ch operate unreliably in dust-laden
abrasive media and are subject to rapid we~r.
Known in the art are also cup type vibrators (c~.,
earlier application b~ the present Applicant~) util-
izinO ~or their operatio~ a ~luid medium and used~ i~
particular, ~or drivi~g vibration conve~ing devices~ The
1~4~
working plat~orm of said vibrators performs vibrations
in a perpendicular direction or inclined direction rela-
ti~e to its sur~ace, or in the ~orm o~ a traveli~ longi-
tudinal wave in the case of a rigid design o~ the workin6
platform. The vibrator is provided with a station~ry
base, a worki~g platfor~ and a cup mounted between the two,
all o~ these de~ining a working chamber~ The cup may be
~ixed to the base or to the plat~orm, or to both of them
simultaneQusly~ ~he cup must have at least one discharge
openi~g whose elastic edges are inte~mit-tently tightl~
pressed against the surface of the base or workin~ plat-
~orm under the effect o~ the fluid medium pressure in
the working chamber. ~he workin~ stroke required to unbend
the sealing elastic edge o~ at least one dischar~e openi~æ
o~ the cup over at least one portion is made less than
the full movement o~ the worki~g platform through a
value re~uired to obtai~ the desired section o~ a discharge
channel ~ormed bebween the cup and the working plat~orm
; or base, respectively. In order to vary the value of u~-bendi~g the sealing edge of the aUp9 it can be provided
with a stroke limiter.
In spite of the ~umerous ad~antageous qualities of
~aid latter vibrators, they lack active impact distur-
bance that would effectively bring the material being
.
_9_
tleated to a dynamic stat~ Moreove~, they lack an ade--
quately hi~h ~requency of impact disturbance due to a re-
latively passi~e return stroke o~ the working plat~orm.
In view o~ the aforecited reasons, such vibrators lack
high i~pact powex. I~ quite a number of cases, such
~ualities are essential, in particular~ ~or vibration
conveying devices, for improving the efficiency, especial-
ly when conv ying a viscous, sticky material.
It is an object o~ the present invention to provide
a vibrator ~eaturing a hi~h and controllable frequency
o~ i~pact-~nd impact-~ree disturbance.
It is a~other object o~ the present invention to
provide a vibrator of simple desi~n, having small overall
dimension~ and ~vei~ht, that would be capable o~ reliable
operatio~ in aggressive, humi.d, dust-laden and abrasive
media, as well as in liquid media.
It is still another object o~ the present invention
to provide a vibrator that would be e~sy to maintaîn,
requirin~ no special servici~g and lubrication or means
~or protection ~rom the einviro~ment.
It is a further object o~ the present inventio~ to
provide a vibrator noted ~or its reliable start-up and
~peratio~ at any orientation in space.
It i~ still ~urther obJect o~ the present i~ventio~
to reduce the flow rate of the ~luid medium consumed by the
vibrator.
-10-
~a9~
It is yet further object of t~e present invention
to provide a~ all-purpose vibrator that could be used
i~ diverse machines, mechanisms a~d devices in which
actuatiDg element vibrations are to be per~ormed with
controllable frequency and single-impac-t energy~
The present invention resides in that in a vibrator
actuated by means of a ~luid medium under pres~ure in
order to i~part vibrations to a workin~ platform carrying
~ the ~a~erial bein~ treated, said vibrator comprising a
base provided on the side o~ the working pl~tform with a
resilient cup formi~ a working chamber and made as a
closed loop with at lea~t o~e discharæe openin~ havinO
a resilie~t edge per~ormin~ vibrator~ motion u~der -the
efiect of the ~luid medium a:~d desi~ned t~ impart vibra~
tio~s to the workin~ plat~orm. Accordi~ to the invention,
a percussion body i9 arrangad on the cup on the side o~
the working platfor~, said plercussio~ body cooperating
with the working platform upon the cup vibrations under
the effect o~ the ~luid medium and imparti~g impact vib-
: 20 rations to said wor~ing platform.
Such a structural arran~ement of the ~ibrator helps
attai~ a~ active impact disturbance o~ the working plat-
for~ a~d~ conseque~tly, o~ the material bein~ treated
placed the~eon~ In addition, such an arra~gement help~
de~elop a vibrator of hiæh impact power. ~he energy and
, .
`~L4~2~7
frequency of impact disturbance o~ the wor~in~ plat~orm
can be controlled by varying the amount o~ ~luid medium
supplied to the vibrator under pressure, say, by ~ean~
of a tap. ~he resul-ting vibrator is simple of design . and
h~s no precision friction parts. The vibrattor has small
overall dimensions and wei~ht per unit impact power; it
is capable of reliable operation in ag$ressive, humid,
dustladen, abrasive and even fl~oded environ~ent, and requi-
res no lubrication or purification of the fluid ~edium
lo ~rom possible impurities.
The vibrator is e~sy to maintain and requires little
technical servicing and lubrication, nor does it requ~re
any special me~ns o~ protectio~ ~rom the environment.
~hanks to the a~ore-listied qualities, the vibrator
of the invention may find ext;ensive use in the various
machines a~d ~echanisms havir~ diverse ~ech~ical functions.
It is expedient that the percussion body should have
a weight greater than the force o~ el~stic deformation
of the cup.
~his provides a simple wa~ of increasing the impact
power o~ the vibrator and reducing the speed with which
the impact load is applied to the working plat~orm. It
will also result in a prolonged service li~e o~ the vibra- ;
tor and o~ the object it sets to vibratory ~otion. The
probabilitiy of e~ergence and furthPr development of fatigue
-1 20
J~49Z'9l7
microcracks in parts of machines and mechanisms subjected
to vibration impact load will be reduced.
In a number o~ cases it is expedient that the percus-
sion body should be connected to the base by means of at
least one resilient member ensuring a speedy return o~
the percussion body to the initial position.
Such an arrangement helps considerably increase the
impac-t loading ~requency. In addition, this o~fers a
simple way of keeping the percussion body o~ the base
lo from lateral displace~ent~
In most cases, it is expedient to fix the base
to the working platform.
In this manner, the vibrator recoil reaction in the
~orm o~ an impact-iree or impact po~er pulse can be passed
on to the workin3 platform and, via the latter, to the
m~terial bei~g breated located on the plat~orm ~or in-
creasing vibrations o~ said material. ~he loading ~re~uency
o* the working platform is increased, as ~ell as the vib-
rator efficiency. The linkage of the base ~ith the working
plat~orm can be made rigid or flexible, or elastic, in
the form o~ springsO In the latter cases, peaking loads
on joint elements are reduced to prolong the service li~e
o~ said elementsc In addition, the energ~ stored by the
fle~ible or resilient linkage can be usefully released
-13-
` ~ ~
~49~ 7
to the worki~g plat~or~ and further to the material
bei~g treated to i~crease its vibrations.
I~ some cases, it is ~easible to connect the percus-
sion body to the worki~g platform or base by means o~
links serving to limit the movement of the percussion body
in tho plane parallel to the working platform.
~ his will make for an easy orientation of the~ibrat-
or in space, without a~fecting its start-up and general
performance. I~ such lin~age is made as a resilient sheet
or ~le~ible filaments, the vibrator can be mounted at any
angle to the horizont~l plane. In addition, this results
in an improved start-up and more accurate operation of
the vibrator thanks to the e:limination of the possibility
o~ ske~ing o~ the percussion bod~ in the plane o~ its
cont~ct with t~e resilient edge of the cup discharge ope-
ning.
It is e~pedient that the cup should be secured to
the percussio~ bod~
~his will ~acilitate to carry out replacement of the
cup together ~ith the striker without removing the base
from the foundation or disconnecting it from the ~orking
platform.
In some cases, it is desirable that the ~esilient
edge of the cup discharge opening should be provided
with a member desig~ed to ensure its ~orced return to the
i~itial position.
-14
~49;~
This will help increase the vibrator power, especial-
ly so, when utilizing ~ liquid fluid medium ~or i-ts ope-
ration, owing to a~ increase o~ the section of the
discharge channel and i~ the time during which said channel
stays open, thereby improving the conditio~s o~ discharging
the ~pent ~luid medium from the worki~g chamber to the
enviro~ment.
It is further expedient that the working chamber o*
the vibrator should be provided with valve means at the
inlet where the fluid medium is delivered -to said chamber
and the delivery of the fluid medium is discontinued while
the spent fluid medium is discharged to the environment.
~his helps reduce the flow rate of the ~luid medium
and9 thereby, increase the vibrator e~iciency. In addition,
the impact power o~ the vibrator will be also increased
owin~ ~o a reductio~ o~ cou~ierpressure in the working
chamber upon the return stroke of the percussion body a~d
a subsequent increase o~ its working stroke.
~he present inve~tion resulted i~ the developme~t
o~ a series of vibrators ~eaturing di~erent il-~pact
power and impact ~requency and capa~le o~ e~fecting an
active vibration impact disturbance o~ the material being
treated. All of these vibrators e~hibit reliable operation
under severe ambie~t condition~
~he present in~ention will be better understood upon
-15-
.
~19`
co~sidering the following detailed description of specific
embodiments thereof, with due reference to the accompanyinO
drawi~gs in which:
~igure 1 shows diagrammatically a percussion vibra
tor accordi~ to the invention, wherein a percussio~
body is connected to a base b~ means of resilient members,
and the base is stationary;
~igure 2 - ditto, the moment the percussion body de-
livers an impact a~ainst a working platform;
~i~ure 3 shows diagrammatically a percussio~ vibrator
accordinæ to the invention, wherein the base is secured
to the worki~æ plat~orm, with a cup having a C-shaped
section;
Figure 4 ditto~ the mome~t the percussion body de-
livers an i~pact against the working plat~orm;
Fi~ure 5 shows diagrammatically a percussion vibrator
a¢cording to the inventlon, wherein the base is co~nected
to the working plat~orm by means o~ a spring suspensio~9
the cup is provided with a remote-controlled stroke li~iter,
and the percussion body is connected to tho base b~
means of an articulated member;
ure 6 is a plan view o~ the vibrator show~ in
~ig. 5, with the working platfor~ removed;
~i~ure 7 show~ diagr~maticall~ a percussio~ vibrator
-16-
~149~:~7
according to the invention, wherein the percussion body
is connected to the work.ing platform by means o~ a torque
link, the cup is provided with a member desig~ed to
ensure a forced return o~ its resilient sealing edge
to the initial position, a~d a working chamber is provided
with valve means;
~ igure 8 shows diagrammatically a percussion vibrator
according to the inven-tion, wherei~ the cup is mounted
betwee~ the worki~g platform and the percussion body,
~Yhile ~ spring ~esigned to return the percussion body
to the i~itial position is located betwee~ said body a~d
the base; and
~igure 9 shows a vibrator wherein the percussion body
is co~nected to the workin~ plat~orm by me~ns of springs.
Shown by arrows in the <~awings is the direotion
in whi¢h the fluid medium is delivered to the vibrator
and discharged therefrom.
Whe~ describing t~e e~mplarg embodiments of the
present inventiou, concrete narrow terminology has been
used ~or the sake o~ clarityO However~ the invention is
not limited by the terms adopted, and it should be borne
in mind that each o~ these terms embraces all the equi-
valent elements working analo~ously and used to solve
similar problems. ~huQ, the term "cup" is used to cover
all ~ the resilie~t or .elastic elements o~ di~erent
. . 17-
~L~492~f
shape which are used in at least o~e place ~o provide a
ti~ht seal of the vibrator working cha~ber under tne
e~fect o~ the fluid medium pressure in said chamber.
Re~erring no~ to Fi~s 1 and 2 of the accompanyi~g
drawings, the hexein disclosed vibrator is used in combi~
nation with a vibration conveying device, namely9 with a
vibratory ~eeder ins-talled in an outlet working ~or
dischar~ing the mined rock material by gravity, conveying
it and loadin~ into conveying means such as conYeyer,
dumpcar and the like. The vibrator has a base 1 rigidly
fixed o~ the ~ou~d of the outlet workin~ (accordi~g to
the given embodime~t) and a working platfor~ 2 mounted
-thereabo~e, the workin~ plat~orm according to this parti-
cular embodiment having a large axea and servi~ as a
feeder vibrati~ plat~orm. One end o~ the working plat-
~orm is arranged u~der the mined material discharge funnel
while the o~her, inclined end races the co~veyin~ device
container. Placed on the base 1 is a cup 3 serving to
seal a working cha~ber 4. A percussion bod~ 5 in the form
of~ say, a plate is located on the cup 3 between the
base 1 and working platfor~ 2. ~he percussion body 5 is
mou~tad ~or reciproca~ion between the base 1 and the working
plat~orm 2 under the prassure of a ~luid mediu~ in the
worki~g chamber 4, and for cooperation with the worki~
platform 2 by imparting ir~pact vibra-tions t~ the latter.
-18-
2~7
~he cup 3 has at least one~;discharge openin~ 6 whose re-
silient sealing edge 7 ensures the sealing of the working
chamber 4 upon forward stroke o~ the percussion body 5~
i.e., upo~ i-ts upward movement shown in Fig. 1, as well
as the seal failure of the working chamber 4 be~ore the
percussion body 5 has delivered an impact against the
working platform 2 (~i~. 2). ~he cup 3 can have a~y
structurally acceptable shape ensurin~ the sealing o~
the working chamber 4 upon forward stroke o~ the per-
cussio~ body 5 and the loss of seal by said chamber at
the end o~ said forward stroke, as well as the sealing
o~ the working chamber 4 at the end o~ the return stroke
o~ the percussion body 5. ~he cup 3 can be made o~ any
resilieut or elastic material such as polymer, xubber
or even mebal, or a combination o~ such materials. ~he
cup can be made o~ rubbex-treated rabric a~d rei~orced
with polymer~ steel g~uze or wire, or it can even be made
of steel~ with its sealin~ edges rein~orced with a resili-
ent material. Depending o~ the embodiment~ the cup ~ can
be mounted in the ~ibrator without a~ rigid attac~ment,
or it can be attached to the base 1 or to the percussion
body 5, as show~ in Figs 1, 2, or to both o~ themO
I~ the cup is ~ixed to the base (no-t shown), at
least one its discharge opening 6 ~aces the percussion
body 5 w~iIe its resilie~t sealing edge 7 is ti~htly
-19-
~4~
pressed by the pressure of the fluid medium i~ the
worki~g cha~ber 4 against a sealir~ sur~ace provided on
the percussion body. I~ the cup 3 is attached to the
percussion body 5~ as shown in ~igs ~,29 at least one
its dischar~e ope7-1ng 6 faces the base 1 a~d its movable
resilient seali~g edge 7 is pressed by the pressure o~
the working fluid in the working chamber 4 agai~st a sea-
ling surrace 8 provided on the base 1. I~ -the cup 3 is
provided with top and bottom resilient sealing edges
which ensure the sealing of the wor~ing chamber 4 above
and below the cup ~ u~der the effect of the fluid medium
pressure, the cup 3 may stay unattached to neither one
of the base 1 and the percus~ion bod~ 5 (not shown). The
movabl~ resilient sealing ed~;e 7 o~ at least one discharge
opening 6 o~ the cup 3 a~d in at least o~e portion should
have it~ unbending stroke lcc3s tharl the percussion body
stroke i~ one or the other di.rec-tion. ~his is re~uired
~or formi~g a dischar~e channel 9 (Fig. 2) betwee~ the
xesilie~t sealing edge 7 o~ th~ discharge opening 6 o~ the
cup 3 a~d the sealing surface 8 provided9 say, on the
base 1~ said channel servin~ to com~unicate the working
chamber 4 with the environme~t for discharging ~rom
said chamber the spent ~luid medium. The degree of un-
bendinæ th~ edge 7 o~ the cup 3 c~n be limited by a
number o~ technlquesg for example, by using a special
-2~-
~49;~7
limiter of the edge stroke such as a ~le~ible coupling
capable of arresting the edge movement upon reachin~ a
preset degree of unbending; this can also be done by
increasin~ the sti:E~ne~s o~ the movable portion o~ the cup,
~or e~ample, by making it thicker or b~ selecting a sti~fer
material~ Fi~s 1,2 illustrate the case when limi~ing
the stroke o~ t~e resilien~ sealing ed~e 7 of the dischar-
~e openinæ 6 o~ the cup 3 is done by proper selection o~
material~ adequa-te width of the xesilient sealing edge
7 and the circular shape of the discharge opening 6 of
the cup 3, all o~ which ~actors combined with the calculated
pressure of the ~luid medium ensure a preset maxi~um
de~ree of unbendi~g o~ the edge 7 ~rom the initial positi-
on (as shown in ~igo 1) over the entire perimeter o~
the worki~g chamber 4, as is the case i~ this particular
embodimenb.
In plan, i.e., in a plane parallel ~ith the base 1,
the.wor~ing chamber 4 ca~ have any s-tructurally sound
shape such as a square, parallelogram, triangle, circle
etc. ~he iluid medium u~der pressure is supplied to the
working chamber 4 Yia ~hrottle cha~nel 10, the fluid
medium source (not shown) communicating with the vibrator
via pipeline 11 attached, i~ particular, to the base 1.
Valve ~ean~ or ~ome other inlet means may be used instead
o~ th~ throttle channal 10. ~or a fuller a~d moxe vi~orous
--2'1--
9Z~
perfor~ance by the percussion bod~ 5 o~ the re-turn stroke;
i.e., of its return to the initial position, the weight
of the percu~sion body 5 should be made greater than
the composite ~orce o~ total elastic delormation o~ the
cup 3 in its extreme cor~pressed position, with the minimum
volume of the worki~g chamber 4. In case a hi~her fre-
quenc~ o~ the vibrator operation is desired 3 the percus-
sion bod~ 5 should be coupled to the base 1 with the
aid of at least one resilient member such as springs 12
(Fi~s 1, 2 ) to ensure a speed~ return of the percussion
body 5 to the initial position. I* the vibrator is only
slightly inclined to the horizontal, said springs 12 are
quite capable o~ keeping the percussion body 5 ~ro~ la-
teral displa¢ement i~ a plane parallel to the base 1. ~or
damping the impact loads, a resilient spaoer may be provi-
ded between the working plat~orm 2 and -the percussion
body 5, such as a resilient spacex 13 manu~ac-tuxed and
secured to the percussion body 5 as shown in Figs 1,2.
~ined roc~ material 14 moves over the Y~or~in~ plat~orm
2 ~Jhich, according to the present embodi~ent, serves as
-~he vibrating platfor~ o~ a feeder.
S~own in ~i~. 3 is a vibrator embodime~t wherein a
base 15 is secured to a working platfor~ 16 by ~eans
o~ linkage 17. Said linkage 17 may be ri~id, elas-tic or
-22-
~1492~
resilient; olving to said linka~e, ~he vibrator recoil reac-
tion taken up by-the base 15 can be passed on to the
vibrati~g platform 16 ~or increasing vibrations of the
latter together with the material being treated and loca-
ted thereon (not shown).
~ig. 3 illus-txates a c~se when a cup 18 is made
as a closed loop with a C-shaped section, has several
discharge openinOs 19 and is a-ttached both to the base
15 ~nd to a percussion bod~ 20~ This helps keep the per-
cussion body 20 from lateral displacement relative to
the base 15. The same purpose is served by springs 21
provided between the working plat~orm 16 and the percussion
body 20 and ensurin~ a speed;y retur~ of the latter to
the initial position. For reducin~ t~e inactive volume
of a working chamber 22, the latter may acaommodate there-
inside a ~iller 23 connected with the base 15. At the
same ti~e, the ~iller 23 can serve as an anvil ~or impact
; bracking o~ the percussion bod~ 20 at tAie end o~ its
return stroke. ~he ~iller 23 can be ~ade o~ some hard
material or~ ~or damping the impacts, of a resilient
material such as rubber. ~ig. 4 shows the same vibrator
at the moment the percussion bod~ 20 delivers a~ impact
a~ainst the worki~g platfor~ 16. At -this moment, between
the re~ilient seali~g edge o~ the discharge openings 19
-23-
~g~
and the sur~ace o~ their ~it to the percussion body 20
there ~or~ dischar~e channels 24 for draining the fluid
medium ~rom tha workin~ chamber 22, via which cha~nels
said chamber communicates with the environment.
~ i~. 5 illustrates a vibrator wherein the li~kage
serving to connect its base 25 wi-th a working plat~orm
26 is made resilien-t, in the form of a spri~g suspension
27. ~his helps reduce peaki~g tensile stresses in joint
elements and, at the same time 9 permits of storing energy
i~ the spri~g suspe~sion 27 at the momen-t of the maximum
vibrator recoil reactio~ and o~ transferring said enexOy
more smoot~ly and usefully to the working plat~orm 26
at the mome~ts when the moveDlent o~ the latter coincides
with the direction o~ forces stored in the suspension 27,
which results in increased vi.brations o~ the worki~r
plat~orm.
~ig. 5 also shows a vibrator embodiment wherei~ a
cup 28 is attached to the base 25 and is provided with
a limi~er of t~e stroke of its movable sealing edge9 said
limiter bei~g made in the forn o~ a screw 29 mounted in
the base 25. O~e end of the screw 29 is con~ected via
~lexible member with the resilient edge o~ the cup 28, and
its other end is co~nected~ ~or example, wit.~ a remote
co~trol flexible coupling 30, ~he stroke limiter 29 helps
-24-
9~
improve the precision of the vibrator operation and even
per~its o~ remote con-trol over its operatln~ condiuio~s9
i.e., o~ varying the ~reque~cy and energy o~ its single
impacts. This is attained by way o~ disengaging the cup
2~ ~rom a percussion body 31 at a later or earlier stage
and by ~orming a discharge channel communicating a working
chamber 32 with the environment, and thereby increasing
or reducing the acceleration path o~ the percussion body
31 under the pressure o~ ~luid medium in the working cham-
lo ber 32.
~or a more accurate operatio~ o~ the vibrator, it
i5 deæirable that the percussion body 31 should exhibit
less skewing in a plane parallel to the base 25 or working
plat~orm 26 and per~orm no lateral displacement i~ the
same plane. To this end, it ~s expedient to couple the
percussion body 31 with the base 25 or working plat~orm
26 b~ means o~ iks serving to limit the movement o~
the percussion body in a pl~ne parallel to the working
platfor~ 26 or base 25. ~ig~ 5 shows o~e such embodime~t
wherein the percussion body 31 is co~nected ~ith t~e
base 25 by means of a ~lexible or resilient sheet ~
operating as a woggle join~. Wi-th such an arrangement,
the percussion body 31 may per~orm pendulum-like motion,
and i~ is there~ore desirable that -the base 25 should
be arranged relative to the workin3 plat~orm 26 at an
-~5-
,2~
an~le equal to the vib~atio~ angle o~ the percussion
body 31. This is not essential9 however~ in the case
of slight displacement of the percussion bod~ 31,~or
the vibrator operation is quite adequate under conditions
o~ such suspension of the percussion body~ ~vith the base
25 arranged in parallel with t~e worki~g plat~orm 26.
Fig~ 6 is a plan view o~ the same vibrator with the workin~
plat~orm removed. This illustrates a possible embodiment
of the ~lexible or resilient sheet 33 and its coupling
to the percussion body 31 and base 25. Flexible ~ilaments
can be used instead o~ the sheet 33, for example, the
percussion body can be suspended from a rope or ropes.
This is convenient in case the vibra~or in the operating
positio~ is placed at some anOle to the horizontal,
such that said links are i~ tension. I~ the vibrator
is likely to be placed at an~ previously unspeci~ied angle
or it is lil~ely to change its position in space in the
course o~ operation, the percussion body should rather be
conn~cted with a base 3~ or worki~g plat~orm 35 b~ means
of a flat hi~ge or torque li~s 36, such as those show~
in Fig. 7, capable of operating both in tension a~d
compression.
~ig. 7 shows an embodiment of a cup 37 provided
with a llat spring member 38 designed to ensure a forced
-~6-
Z47
return of its resilient- seali~g edge 39. The
spring 38 îs attached to the base 3~ and connected with
the sealin~ edge 39 of the cup 37 such that~ i~ the
free state, said spring 38 tends to press the edge 39
a~ainst the base 34. The ~orce o~ the spring 38 is selec-
ted such that, during a ~orward s-troke of a percussion
body 4~ until ~he ~ormation of a dischar~e channel bet
ween the latter and the sealing edge 39 of the cup 37,
the spring 38 should be incapable of breaking the sealing
edge 39 of the cup 37 away ~rom the seali~$ surface o~
the percussion body 40 to which surface said edge is urged
by the fluid medium pressure in a workin~ chamber 41, i.e.,
such that the sprin~ 38 be incapable o~ prematurely un-
sealing~ the workin~ ch~mber 41. The return o~ the cup
37 to the initial position can be e~ected in numerous
other ways and by o~her means permitting of a rapid
return of the resilient se~ling edge 39 o~ the cup 37
to the initial positio~ not cnl~ in a single portion but
in several portions or over the e~ire seali.ng perimeter
o~ the ~orkin~ chamber ~ his can be attained, ~or
e~ampleg by arrangi~g the sprin~ 38 over the entire
length of the resilient edge 39 o~ th~ cup 37 7 placing
it above or below, or working it into the bod~ of the
cup 37. Such an ~rrangeme~t helps improve the vibr~tor
-27-
1~4~ L7
opera-tion; especially so~ when utilizi~ a liquid ~luid
medium.
~ or a ~ore efficient operation o~ the vibrator, it
should be provided at the inlet of the Pluid medium to
the working cha~ber 41 with valve means through which
the fluid medium should be delivered to the workin~
chamber and said delivery disco~tinued when the spent
~luid medium is discharged to the environment, for e~ample,
as shown in ~i~. 7. Re~erring to said latter Figure, a
spri~g-biased valve 42 is provided ~ith a rod cooperatin~
with the percussion body 40 in the e~tre~e lower position
o~ the latter, i.e., at the e~d o~ its return stroke.
~hus, the percussion body 40 while reciprocating performs
the opening and closing of the valve 42. In this manner,
the deliver~ of the ~luid meclium to the working chamber
41 ~rom a ~luid medium source can be disao~tinued for
the time o~ discharging the spent fluid medium to the en-
vironment to ~void useles~ waste of said fluid medium.
~his ~elp~ improve the vibrator economy, increase the
ef~icienc~ and, in particular, improve its operation under
conditions o~ utilizing a liquid fluid mediumO
Fig. 8 illustrates a vibrator embodime~t wherein the
workin~ chamber is defined by a cup 44 located between
a percussion body 45 and working plat~orm 46, ~hile a
spri~g 47 desi~ned to return the percussion body 45 to
-28-
`'`' .
2~a7
the initial position is mounted between said body and
a base 48 urging the percùssion body against the wor~ing
platform 46. I~ this particular embodiment, the base
48 is secured to the working platform 46 while the deli-
very of the ~luid medium to the workin$ chamber is ef-
fected via channel 49 provided in the worki~g plat~orm
46. Such an axran~eme~t proves convenieIlt when the vibra-
tor operating conditions call ~or ef~ective impact distur-
bance in the directio~ of the base 48.
~i~. 9 shows a vibrator wherein a working chamber
- 50 is likewise formed between a percussion body 51
and a working~ platform 52, while the percus~ion body 51
is connected to the worki~g platfor~ by means o~ a ~le~ib-
le suspension such as sprin~s 53 urgi~ said body ag~inst
the working platform. Such an arran~ement somewhat simpli-
fies the vibrator design.
~he vibrator accordi~g to the present invention,
show~ in ~igs 1 and 2, o~erates in the ~ollowing ma~ner.
Assumed as the initial position i~ one shown in
Fig. 1 wherei~ the percussio~ bod~ 5 is i~ the extreme
lo~er position and the cup 3 attached thereto is in the
compxessed positio~ while its resilient seali~g edge 7
is pressed agai~st the sur~ace 8 o~ the base 1. Upon actua-
tion, the ~luid mediu~ staxts ~lowing via pipeline 11
.
_~9_
z~ ~
and throttling channel 10 to be pressure delivered to
the ~vorkin$ chamber 4 while building up pressure in the
latter. Under the effect o~ said pressure, the cup 3
acts to seal the working chamber ~ while the percussion
body 5 starts its accel~rated upward ~ove~ent ~o perform
a ~orward stroke and to deliver an impac-t against the
working platform 2 at the end o~ said stroke. I~ the re-
silient spacer 13 is absent, the impact is harder, while
the provision of the resilient spacer 13, as shown in
~igs 1 and 2 9 results in a some~hat damped impact whose
effect is stretched in time. Prior to i~pact, the cup 3
is carried by the percussion body 5 away ~rom the base 1
and, i~ at least one ~lace, its resilient sealin~ edge 7
will break away from the sur:Eace 8 of ~he base ~ to ~orm
between them th~ discharge channel 9 (cf., ~ig. 2) throu~h
which the spent fluid medium under pressure starts dischar-
~ing to the environment. ~he pressure in the working
cha~ber 4 will then drop dow~ to zero. ~his will be assis-
ted by the resilient properties o~ the cup tending to shi~t
its seali~g~ edge 7 to the i~itial positio~, i.e., to press
the edge against the percussion body 5 and thereby increa-
se the section of the discharge channel 9~ While so doing,
the fluid mediu~ supplied under pressure to the worki~
cha~ber 4 ~ia throttling channel 10 is incapable o~ buil-
-3~-
`'" '
9Z4~
ding up considerable excess pressure in said Ghamber due
the loss of seal by the lat~er. After delivering an impact
against the ~orkin~ platfor~ 2 the percussion body 5
starts perfor~ing its retùrn stroke~ i.e., do~ward motion,
under ~he e~ect o~ rebound and by gra~ity. When the
cup 3 carried alon~ by the percussion body 5 comes in con-
tact with the base 1 and its resilient edge presses against
- the surface 8 of the base 1 to seal the worki~g chamber 4,
the pressure in the latter will start rising. The ~rcus-
sion body 5 will by that time spend its energy and stop
under the e~fect o-~ pressure i~ the workin~ chamber 4,
after ~Jhich the pressure in the chamber 4 ~ill cause the
percussion body to start its up~ard motion, i.e., forward
stroke, and the cycle is repeated.
If the percussion body 5 is connected to the base 1
by means of the spri~s 12 actinO to press sai~ body
against the base 1~ the return stroke of the percussion
body ~ill be more vigorous a~d the vibratio~ ~requency
higher. However, i~ order to preclude a drop in the energy
of sin~le impacts, it is necessary that the active area
of the w~r~i~g chamber, which can be assumed equal to
an area de~i~èd by the li~e of contac-t of the side sur~ace
of the cup ~ with the base 1, should be increased to di-
mensions compensating ~or the force o~ the ~rings 12.
-31-~
~ 291~,
~he imp~ct ener~y is directly proportional to the acti~e
area o~ the v~orking chamber 4, pressure in the latter and
the acceleration path of the percussion body 5 under the
e~fect of said pressure. In order to ob-t~in low pre-
-impact velocities of the percussion bod~ with preset
energy, it is su~ficient to increase the active area o~
the workin~ chamber 4 and to proportionally reduce the
acceleration path of the percussion body 5 under the ef-
fect of pressure in the chamber 4 or increase the weight
o~ the percussion body 5. I~ the course of operatio~, the
operating mode o~ th~ vibrator, i.e., the frequency a~d
energy o~ sin~le imp~cts ol the vi~rator, can be varied
by varyin~ the degree of openi~g the delivery tap, that
is, by varyi~ the throttlin~; of -the pressure supplied
~luid medium.
Such vibrators can be used advantageously in combina-
tion with vibratory ~eeders~ as shown in Figs 1 and 2
I~ this case, e~fective impact disturbance brings the
mi~ed roc~ material 14 to dynamic state, a~d said material
starts ~oving rapidly over the vibrating working plat-
~orm 2. While observing the moveme~t o~ t~e mined rock
material 14, one can use a starting device (not show~)
~or varying the oper~ti~ mode o~ the vibrator and, thereby,
varying i~ a desixed manner the speed o~ movement o~ the
-32-
mined rock material 14 over the vibra-ti~g plat~orm 2.
~his helps load the conveying means (dump cars) to their
full capaci-ty without overloadin~ them.
If the vibrator b~se 15 (~igs 3, 4) is connected
with the workin& plat~orm 16 by the linkage 17 such as
rigid lir~age shown in ~igs 3, 4, and the spring 21 de-
si~ned to ensure the return o~ the percussion body 20 to
the initial position is located between said body and -the
working platform 16, the ~ibrator operates analogously.
However, in this embodime~t the vibrator~ecoil reaction
is trans~erred via linkage 17 to the workingr platform
16 to make for increased vibratio~s of the latter and
o~ the ~aterial being treated placed thereon (not sho~n)0
In this manner, the vibrator e~ficienc~ is improved.
I~ the vibrator is desi~,ned such that the percussio~
body 20 at the end o~ its return s-troke may co~e in con
bact wibh the ~iller 23 o-~ the base 15, an irlcrease in the
inactive volume o~ th~ ~orkir~ chamber 22 under conditions
o~ compressed ~as operation may help effect an impact
stoppage o~ the percussio~ body 20 ~ith desired energy
at the end of its return stroke. ~he impact energ~ will
- be the greater7 the less the braking pulse generated i~
the workin~ chamber 22 at the end of the return stroke
o~ the percussion body 20v ~his can be assisted by an
increase o~ the inactive volume o~ the ~Jorki~g cha~ber 22.
. .
11~9;~47
In this manner, the ~requency o~ the vibrator impacts can
be doubled9 with a possibility o~ produci~g i~pact dis-
turbance in both direc-tions.
~ he performance o~ the cup 18 having a C-shaped sec-
tion over the contour of -the working chamber 22 and a
series of discharge o~enings 19 i~ the sealing part t~ereof
does not in ~act dif~er from that of the cup 3 shown in
~i~s 1, 2. Its sealing edges also have a limi-ted unbendin~
stroke, for example, owin~ to selection of t~e material,
or a special limiter o~ the unbending stroke may be provided.
It should be taken into account that the presence o~ a
series o~ the discharge openin~s 19 reduces the operating
cross section o~ the discharge channel 24 (Fig. 4) formed
at the end o~ the forward stroke o~ the percussion body
20 between the sealin$ sur~ace thereof and the resilient
edges o~ the dischar~e openi~s 19 and, therefore, the
width o~ the channel 24 shou:Ld be increased accoxdingly.
~hîs ca~ be done by reducing the degree o~ unbendi~g the
sealing portion o~ the cup 18 or by increasing the full
; 20 working stroke of the percussion body 20, for example~ by
way of increasi~ the distance between the base 15 and
the working plat~orm 16~
If the base 25 ~ig~ 5) is connected to the worki~g
plat~orm 26 by means o~ the spri~g suspension 27, as shown
-34-
` ~4~2~L7
in ~ig. 5, the vibrator recoil reaction a~f2ctin~ its
base 25 will be transferred to the working platform 26
~ithou-t peaking loads, for said reaction will be damped
by the spring susPension 279 which appeals ~ece-ssary in
some cases. In its turn, the energy stored i~ the spring
suspension 27 at the moments the direction of the e~lect
of the spri~g upon the workin3 platform 2~ coincides with
the direction of actual movement of the labter will ef-
fectively increase the vibrations o~ the working plat-
form and of the material being treated (not shown) loca-ted
on the plat~orm.
The vibrator shown in ~ig. 5 is provided ~vith a stroke
limiter 29 o~ the resilient edge o~ the cup 28, said limi-
ter having the remote control flexible shaft 30 which
can be instrumental in changing the time of formation of
the discharge ch~nnel servinl~ to communica~e the working
ch~ber 32 with the einviron~en-t. ~his results in increa-
sing~ or reducin~ the p~th o~ ru~ of the percussion body
31 upon its forward stroke and, consequently, in increa
sing or reducing its impact energ~. While so doi~, the
impact frequency variQs somewhat. Changing the time o~
formation of the discharge channel by the stroke limiter
29 of '~e resilient edge of the cup 28 in combination with
the variation o~ the amount ~ the fluid m~dium supplied,
by me~ns of a starting cock one can vary over a wider
g~æ4~
range the energy o~ single impacts and their ~requency
in lesser dependence on each other.
~ he vibrator operation in case its percussion body
31 is connec-ted with the base or working platfor~ by
rneans of the resilient sheet 33 (~igs 5~6) or torque link
36 (Fi~. 7) will be analo~ous, however, the stability
o~ operation will improve inasmuch as the beginni~g of
unsealing o~ the working chamber and the beginning of
its sealing will occur with less deviatio~ lxom a preset
part o~ the path o~ move~ent o~ the percussion body tha~ks
to eliminating the possibility of skewing of the percussion
body relative to a sur~ace of its contact with the resilient
edge o~ the cup.
~he use o~ the member 38 (~ig. 7) designed to ensure
a ~orced return o~ the resilient sealing edge ~9 of the
cup 37 to the initial position over at least one portion
of its operatin~ length helps considerablg improve the
vibrator operation. ~his is due to the fact tha~, all
other thi~gs being equal, the sealing of the workinæ cham-
: 20 ber 41 by the cup 37 will take place at a somewhat later
: stage and the percussion body 40 will perform a somewhat
longer return stroke. ~he forward stroke o~ the per-
: cussion body 40 w~ll increase accordingly~ or rather its
acceleration path under pressure ~rom the working chamber
41 ~his results in an increased energy of single impacts
-36-
114~Z~
practically without increasing the time of ~he full cycle
a~d, consequently, in an increased impact power ol the
vibrator without varying its other para~eters (such as
dimensions t weight, etc).
~ he use of the valve means 42 for the delivery o~
the fluid mediu~ u~der pressure to the working chamber 41
and ~or discontinuing said delivery, as sho~n in Fig. 7,
helps improve the e~ficiency o~ the vibxator operati~n
and its dynamics. ~irst, the unproductive bleeding of the
fluid mediu~ to th~ environment while unsealing the workin~
chamber 41 is avoided; seco~d, the harm~ul premature
braking pulse emerging in the working chamber 41 at the
end o~ the retur~ stroke o~ the percus~ion body 40 is
reduced, thereby increasing tho retur~ stroke of the
percussion body and, conse~uently, its forward stroke. ~e
energy of si~gle impacts is increased, as well as the
impact power o~ bhe ~ibrator.
~he performance of the vibrator show~ in Fig. 8 is
analogous to that o~ the vibrator show~ igs 3,4, ex-
cept that active impact loadiD~ is e~fected over the base
48 and is directed towards the latter to be transferred
to the working platform 46 via the linkage coupling the
latter with the base 48.
~he per~ormance of the vibrator sho~ în ~i~. 9 is
-3?- !
`: :
~ 9Z47
analogous to that o~ the vibrator shDwn in ~ig. 8, without
a~y essential differences between them.
It should be borne in mind that the embodimants of
the present invention, shown in the drawings and described
hereinabove, are but some possible preferred embodiment~
t~ereof. Othar embadiments are possible as regards tha
shape, size a~d position of si~le parts a~d elements
thereo~. For example9 the p~ and elem~ th~reof` ilL~s-
trated in t~e accompanying drawings and described above
lo may be r~placed w~th equivale~t parts and elements~ the
position o~ single parts a~d elements can be Yaried~ single
elements of the invention may be used independently o~ each
other, without exceeding the limits and scope of the present
inventio~ as de~ined in the appended claims.
~ccording to the inventio~, fu~l-scale models o~
th~ disclosed vibrator were subjected to all-rou~d tests
during cDnveyance of bulk materials with the aid of vibra-
tion conveying devices.
~he tests ha~e s~own the ~ibrators o~ the invention
to operate e~ficientlg and reliably under any conditiDns,
; includi~g humid, water-flooded, dust-lade~ and abrasive
madia 9 and even in t~e pressnce of large amounts of impu-
rities suc~ as rust and sand par~icles i~ t~e pressure
~upplied ~luid worki~g medium ~e impact loading of the
vibrati~g plat~orm at low pre-impact v~locitie~ o~ th~
.
3~-
percussion body turned out to be more e~fective and helped
increase the vibrator capaci-ty and i~prove the smoothness
: of the bulk material ~ovement over the vibration conveying
device used . ~o deterioration of any o~her properties
was observed, as compared to prior art vibrator~O
~39-
