Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I - Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a manually operated pump
for dispensing the contents of a container.
II - Description of the Prior Art
A wide variety of dispensing pumps have found commer-
cial acceptance for dispensing a product from a container. The
typical pump includes a vertically reciprocal finger actuated
plunger, that causes product to pass through a dip tube, enter
the pump chamber and exit through a nozzle or outlet, according
to the prescribed pumping cycle and predetermined opening and
closing of both inlet and outlet valves.
Similarly, trigger actuated pumps have gained in pop-
ularity with pumping being achieved by pressing and releasing
a laterally disposed trigger mechanism.
However, pumps of the foregoing type require a rela-
tively larger number of complex parts with consequent expense
both in manufacture and assembly. Thus, there exists a need
for dispensing pumps that are relatively simple and reliable
with an absolute minimum number of parts each individually
simple and inexpensive to manufacture and assemble.
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'i~ne need for reliable and iess eostly pumps for ~is~)ensin(J
~sselltially all vroduc~s without limitalion as to pum~ materials
l~as increased; and i~ is ~ecoming acute witil the severe critieism
of the aerosol industry and par'~ieularly aerosol dispensin~3 pae]~-
ages utilizing fluoroearbon propellants with their attendant
affect on the environment. In addition, such criticism llas
served to ma.-~e ~he consumer aware of ~he inheren~ eeonomy and
eonvenience of pump type dispensers.
SU~IARY OF THE INVE~TION
A principal objec~ of this invention is to provice an
improved svscem for manually actuating a dispensing pump which
is eomprised of a minimum number of parts, eae~l individually
sim~ie ~o manufac~ure and assemble at relatively lo~ cost;
and tnis pump system may be constructed of essentially only two
basic parts, only one of which moves, with other, mostly eon-
ventional parts, being necessary to satisfy certain applieations.
.~notller objee-c is to provide a piston pump based on a
pump system ol the foregoing type whieh is valveless and sealed
wilen in the rest position for shiDment, without requiring anv
,~ aciditional parts, to further reduee eosts; and, advan,ac-eously
ii is self-eleaning to prevent eloggina of the seleeted nozzle
or discilarge orifiee and there~y exiremely sanitary.
A further object is to provide a system whicll is extremely
versatile in that it may function as a vertically reciproeal pump
having a laterally directed discharge orifice or a trigger pump
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with the ~ump axis being either vertically or horizontally dis-
posed or at any other orientation depending upon the packagin
requirements.
Still another object is to provide a pump system which
may be utilized without a dip tube and inverted fo~ purposes o~
more convenient dispensing residual insecticldes, plant sprays,
foot sprays, and the like materials.
A still further object is to provide a pump system hav-
ing the capability, during the dispensing cycle to compress air
and entrain it with the product in order to produce a broad
range of sprays from a stream to a fine suspended mist; a pump
having a system of the foregoing type has the capability of large
volume product delivery for relatively short piston strokes,
thereby permitting shorter and less fatiguing trigger strokes
by the mechanical advantage afforded by the design of the trigger
mechanism.
An important object is to provide a pump system in which
the air-to-product ratio during dispensing may be preset depend-
ing upon the product being dispensed and the dispensing pattern
desired therefore.
Another important object is to provide a pump system
of the foregoing t~-pe in which an inteyral built-in venting sys-
tem is included ~s part of the pump structure and operation
thereby avoiding the necessity of a separate and independent
; venting system for neutralizing negative pressure in the contain-
er head space as the product is dispensed.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a dispens-
in~ pump system for dispensing product from a container, compris-
ing: a cylinder, a Piston in the cylinder defining a pump C}lalll-
ber therewith, and the piston and cylinder being relatively rc-
ciprocal through a compression stroke from an extended positio
, to an inserted position and through a suction stroke from the
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inserted position to the extended position; inlet port means
for cooperating in communicating the container interior with
the pump chamber during the suction stroke to permit product to
enter into the pump chamber from the container interior by
creating a negative pressure differential between the pump
chamber relative to the container interior to cause product to
be sucked into the pump chamber; outlet port means for product
to be dispensed under pressure from the pump chamber during
the compression stroke, and the pump chamber includes a resil-
ient means for acting to prevent piston hang-up in the cylinder
during the pumping cycle, said resilient means including means
for providing an air pocket in the pump chamber which is adapt-
ed to be compressed for purposes of elimlnating piston hang-up
in the c~linder.
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BRl~F D~CRIPTION ~ TI~E DRAI~INGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a cosmetic dispenser
incorporating the pump siown in Figure 2;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view o~ an embodimcnt
of a pump incorporating the teachings of this invention and which
has an upwardly directed fixed discharge orifice normal to the
pump axis;
Figures 3A - 3E are schematic representations of the pump
at various stages of piston retraction during the pump chamber
1~ filling cycle;
Figures 4A - 4~ are schematic representations of the
pump insertion during the pump discharge cycle;
L igure 5A is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view o~
another em~odiment of the pump incorporating the teachings of the
invention in a manually operated trigger actuated piston pump;
~ Figure 5~ is a fractional view of the piston of the pump
shown in SA incorporating a ring sleeve;
Figure ~BB is a similar view of piston witll a modified
sleeve having commercial application.
Figure 5C is a fractional view of the piston of the pump
shown in Figure 5A incorporating a resilient sleeve;
; Figure 5D is a fractional view of the piston of the pump
sllown in Figure 5A incorporatiny a grooved plug;
Figures 6A - 6D are schematic representations of the pump
at various stages of piston insertion during the pump discharge
.~ cycle;
Figures 6E -- 6H are schematic representations of the pump
during various stages of piston retraction during the pump
cl~amb~r filling cycle;
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ric;ure 7 is a ~erspective view ol cl manually operatecl
trigger actuated piston ~ump incorporating the teacllin~ O~ this
invention and emp~oying an external return s~ring shown on a
container that is broken away and removedi
Figure 8 is a side elevational view of tlle pump of
Figure 7 with certain parts broken awa~, removed and sectioned
showing the external spring positioned between the ta~ and the
: trigger;
Figure 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment
of a trigger actuated pump fitted on the neck of a container
; for li~uid to be dispensed employins an internal spring;
Figure lO is a longitudinal sectional view of the pump
of Figure 9;
Figure ll is a longitudinal sectional view of another em-
bodiment of the pump incorporating the teachings of this inven-
tion and utilizins a standard moving orifice;
~' Figure 12 is a perspective view of the embodiment sllow
in Figure ll fitted on the nec~ of a container for liquid to
be dispensed;
Figure 13a is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of
another embodiment of the pump incorporatinq the teachings of
. this invention but utilizing a fixed orifice;
Figures 13b-13c are schematic representations of the
pump at various stages of piston insertion and retraction.
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Fi~Ju c 14 i~. a longitudin~l cross-scctional vicw of
~anothcr embo~iment of a trigcler actuated pump incorporating
the teachings of the inventiOn in wl1ich the mechanical ad-
vantage is such that short piston strokes are possible for
large volume product delivery;
Figure 15 is a similar view of the pump but with the
trigger depressed;
Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional view of another
embodiment of the pump in a standard moving orifice pump cm-
ploying a cylinder comprised of multiple parts and witll tlle
piston extended; and
: Figure 17 is a similar view of the pump as shown in
~ . IFigure 16 but with the piston depressed.
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D~ lL~ D~SCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOS~D ~M~ODIM~rl",
In reference to Figure 1 a cosmetic dispenser ~ackage 10
is silown including a product or liquid containing bottle or
container 12 and upper component retaining body or cap 14 con-
tains the pump 1~ of tiliS illVelltiOn.
Referring now to Figure 2, the ~ump 16 includes a piston
cylinder 18 and a piston 20. The cylinder 18 includes an inlet
;~ort 22 which communicates with a downwardly depending dip tube
24. In addition the cylinder 18 includes an outlet port 26
~0 whic;l may have coupled therewith a discharge nozzle 28 extending
in an upwardly direction for convenience in cosmetic application.
~ series of annular sealing or contact rings may be
utiii ed between the piston 20 and the interior of cylinder lS
Tlese rings may be ~ositioned on the piston 20 or on the interior
walls of the cylinder 18. In either situation, the clearance between
the piston 20 and the interior walls of the cylinder 18 sllould be
minimized to attain the maximum efficiency of the pump 16.
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As de~icted, rin~S 30 and 32 isolate the lower inlet port
22. ~ings 34 and 36 isolate tne upper outlet port 2~. Rings
36, 38 or as many as needed prevent leakaae by way of tne
open end 40 of the cylinder 18. The inlet and outlet ports 22
and 26, respectively, are offset which permit rings 32 and 34
to seal ofE tne outlet port 26 in the at rest position shown in
Figure 2. During the operation of the pump 16 when ring 32
isolates tlle inlet port 22 from the pump chamber 46, inlet port
22 communicates with outlet port 26 to allow for venting of the
1~ container. The forward end of the piston 20 is flared outward-
ly in a conventional manner to press against the interior cy-
: linder wall and also defines a piston head 42. The forward
end of the piston including the ~iston head 42 defines with
the closed end 44 of the cylinder 18 and pump chamber 46.
The piston 20 is provided with a longitudinally extendingpassage g8 which extends from the forward end of the pi.ston and
consequently the pump chamber 46 to a secondary trap 50 whicll
can be varied in volume to contain and balance the mixture of `
air and product according.to purpose. In addition, a metering
channel 52 may be provided which assures the balance of mixture
of air and product on the discharge stro~e. The piston 20 also
includes a lateral extending passage 54 from the passageway 48,
which is capable of communicating with the inlet port 22. In
addition, a lateraily extending passage 56 extends from passage-
wa~ 48 and the seconcary trap 50 and is adapted to communicate
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witll tlle outlet port 26. ~s will b~ a~preciated fr~in~ ure 2,
lateral passageway 54 is inter~osed between rings 30 and 32
whereas passage 56 is interposed between rings 34 and 36.
In order to initiate the filling of the pump cham~er 4~,
assuming initial disposition of parts as shown in Figure 3A.
The lateral passages 54 and 56 of the piston will be both sealed
off from the inlet and outlet ports 22 and 26, respectively.
Tnere may or mav not be an air liquid mixture in the trap 50,
depending on whetller or not the pump has been initially primed.
The piston 20 is either manually retracted or permitted to shift
to the rigllt under the influence of an external spring 58.
Eventually the lateral passageway 56 will communicate with the
'~ outlet port 26 at which time air will be drawn into the pump
chamber IFigure 3B). The lateral passageway 56 will clear the
outlet port 26 and with the further movement of the piston 20
~`~ out of the cylinder 18, a vacuum or negative pressure will be
generated in the pump chamber 46 (Figure 3C). The lateral
passage 54 will now communicate with the lnlet port 22 at which
time liquid will be drawn or sucked into the pump chamber 46
(Figure 3D). The lateral passage 54 will then clear the inlet
port 22 at which time the pump is ready to initiate its dispens-
ing cycle.
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~ith the pump at rest as sl-own in Figures 3 and 4~
witn the piston drawn to its outer limit ~y means of the spring
58, ~otn the inlet and outlet ports 22 and 26 are sealed by the
piston and witll product and air contained in tlle pump chamber 46
and secondary trap 50. As the piston 18 sllifts inwàrd some pro--
duct and air will be forced back down the dip tube 22. This
reverse flow may be reduced or eliminated by minimizing the
piston 20 clearance in the cylinde:r 18 or by a cllange in the
position of the contact rings.
Then the lateral passage 54 will pass over the inlet
port 22 at which time any additional equalization of pressure
takes place (Figure 4B). The inlet passage 54 will then clear
tne inlet port 22 at which time compression of air will take place
in the pump chamber 46 and trap 50 upon further lnsertion of
the piston 20 in the cylinder 18 (Figure 4C). The lateral
passage 56 then communicates with the outlet port 26 causing
the product and air contained in the pump chamber and secondary
trap to be discharged from the nozzle 28 under pressure (Figure
4D). The lateral passage 56 is then sealed from the outlet
20 port 26 to clip off the spray thereby ending the discharge
stro~e (Figure 4E).
The pump 16 filling cycle and product dispensing cycle
may then be repeated as often as desired follo~ing the foregoing ~ :
se~uence of steps and cycles of operation. In addition, pump 16
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will remaln prime~ after its initial priminc~ so that re~riminy
is unnecessary.
Referring now to a somewhat preferred embodiment of the
invention as snown in Figures 5A and G, the pump 116 includes a
piston cylinder 118 and a piston 120. The cylinder 118 in-
cludes an inlet port 122 which communicates with a downwardly
depending dip tube 12g. The cylinder 118 also includes a
channel 126 which is defined by a channel plug 128 and neighbor-
ing surfaces of the cylinder 118.
In order to facilitate mounting of the pump 116 on a
receptacle an integral coupling means may extend from the
; cylinder. Towards this end, the cylinder 118 may be inter-
nally threaded as at 130 for engayement with the threaded
neck 132 of a bottle or other receptacle containing the de-
sired material to be dispensed. A separate closure cap,
preferable internally threaded, having a central opening may
also be used to affix the pump to the bottle or other receptacles.
Obviously, other forms of connection may be employed to couple
the pump to the container.
Turning now to the piston 120, contact between the
piston 120 and the cylinder 118 is provided by a series of slid-
ing dividers or annular sealing rings. These sliding dividers
or sealing rings may be positloned independently on the piston
120 or may be incorporated in a ring sleeve 134 which, made of
a soft material, would cover and be suitably secured to the
piston 120', made of a hard material, as shown in Figure 5B.
Of commercial importance is the embodiment of piston
120" shown in Figure SBB having a molded sleeve 135 which is
ine~pensive to ma~ce and may be polyethylene or any suitable
resinous material ha,ving compatibility with the product to be
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~ls~ensed. Rings 137 are molded to exter.d forwardly and in the
direction of compression so as to resist any tendency to collapse
during the pressure stroke. Certain applications may permit the
rings to entend in the rearward direction. The indicator ring
configuration permits the clearance between the exterior of the
sleeve between rings and the interior of the cylinder to be
reduced significantly where desired or necessary. In a successful
embodiment of the piston of Figure 5BB the ring 137 was approx-
imatelv 1 mm long and its forward face was inclined approximately
45 with the piston axis; and the exterior face of the rings
was rounded. The base of each ring was approximately .6 mm wide
and each ring tapers to a feather edge.
Another method of constructing the piston 120"' would be
where the rings and piston are a single piece and are covered b~
a resilient sleeve 136 as depicted in Figure 5C. Alternately,
as ~ill be evident to those skilled in the art and as contemplated
; by the invention, the contact rings may be located on the inter-
ior t~all of cylinder 118 in lieu of the piston 120 with certain
other modifications.
In the position of piston 120 shown, ring 138 isolates
the inlet port 122. Ring 144 prevents leakage from the cylinder
llS to the exterior of the pump. Ring 140 and ring 142 isolate
the piston port 148; and, similarly ring 142 and ring 144
isolate piston port 150, which is adapted to communicate with the
discharge orifice or nozzle 152 through coaxial bore or channel 156.
The piston 120 is provided with a longitudinally ex-
tending coaxial bore or channel 156 which extends from the
piston forward end and consequently the pump chamber 158 to
the piston wall 160. The piston port 148 provides communication
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between the piston channel 15~ and the exterior o~ t~le ~i~ton
120 between rings 140 and 142. The piston 120 also includes
a second piston channel 154 which longitudinally extends from
the piston wall 160 and is adapted to communicate with the
outlet orifice 152. The piston port 150 provides communication
between the piston channel 154 and the exterior of the piston
120 between rings 14~ and 144.
In order to facilitate the mixing of air and product a
means of subjecting one or both to a tortured path may be utilized,
For example, one such means would be where the piston 120 is
provided with a grooved plug 121, which fitted in tl~e piston
channel 156, as depicted in Figure 5D. The plug 121 would com-
prise a solid core with a spiral groove 123 on its longitudinal sur-
face, terminating at tne top portion of each end of the plug
and a straight groove 125 longitudinally placed across the
length of the bottom portion of the plug 121. In addition, both
grooves 123 and 125 would provide communication between the pump
chamber 158 and the piston port 148 for the passing of product
and air to be dispensed.
When the piston 120 is in its fully retracted or
e~tended posit:ion in the cylinder 118 as sllown in Figure 5A,
piston port 150 is isolated from piston port 148, thereby
; sealing passage or any product from the pump as specifically
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from pump chamber 158 and out through the orifice 152.
At this disposition the ~lnintentional dispensing of product
is prevented and may be used as a shipping position if so
desired, with or without a release element for maintaining
this position during shipment and storage.
Assuming tne disposition of parts as shown in Figure
5A and as shown in Figure 6A. Assume also that the piston
120 has completed a suction stroke and that there is product
in the pump chamber 158 and piston channel 156. In certain
applications depending upon the product to ~e dispensed
and the desired spray pattern, a certain amount of air may
also be present in the pump chamber 158 and channel 156,
drawn in by way of the outlet orifice 152. When it is desircd
io dispense product and particularly the contents of the pump
chamber 158 and piston channel 156, the pump 116 is activated
; by applying finqer pressure to the trigger 162 which depends
from the piston extension 164. As the piston 120 moves
inwardly into the cylinder 118 to the position of ~igure 6B,
some product along with some air is forced back down the
dip tube 124. When desired the rings may be positioned so
that this is minimized or does not occur Once ring 138
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lsolates the cylinder inlet port 122 from the pump chamber 158
and ring 140 passes the cylinder channel 126 isolating pis-ton
port 148 from the cylinder inlet port 122, the passing of
product down the dip tube 124 stops (Figure 6B). Contempor-
aneously, ring 142 has been preventing product and air if
present from entering the piston channel 154 from channel
156 and the pump chamber 158 by way of the piston port 150.
Once, the cylinder inlet port 122 is totally isolated then
upon further insertion of the piston 120 in the cvlinder 118
compression or pressurization of the pump chamber occurs. The
distance that ring 142 travels before it reaches the cylinder
channel 126 af~er ring 140 clears this channel determines how
much compression takes place. I~hen ring 142 enters the c~-
linder channel 126 the contact seal with the cylinder 118
will be interrupted causing communication between piston
cllannel 156 and piston channel 154 by way of piston port 148
and piston port 150 (Figure 6C). At this juncture product
passes into the piston channel 154 and exits through the out-
let orifice 152 and continues until ring 142 clears the
channel 126 When this occurs or slightly before, the inlet
port 122 is exposed to tne piston port 148 allowing any remain-
ing pressure in the piston channel 156 to dissipate back into
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the container through tlle dip tube 124. The piston port 150
- is then sealed from piston port 148 by ring 142 tnereby
ending the discharge stro~e (Figure 6D) .
Reference is now made to the fillin~ of pump cham~er
158 and ventin~ of the container head space as depicted in
Figures 6E to 6H. The sllifting of tile piston 120 to the
right, outwardly of cylinder 118 initiates the suction
stroke. When ring 142 enters the cylinder channel 126
and before ring 140 reaches the cylinder inlet port 122
(see Figure 6E) a path for air exists between the cylinder
inlet port 122 and the outlet orifice 152, tnereby relieving
any negative pressure formed in the container, as a result
o. the filling of pump chamber 158 with product from the pre-
vious suction stroke, thereby venting the headspace. When
ring 142 clears channel 126, piston port 148 is isolated from
piston port 150 and the drawing of air stops (Figure 6F).
The air returning through the outlet orifice 152 and the
; piston chamber 154 and the proper selection of the size of
chamber 154 clears them of product thereby preventing clogging
by any residual dried out product and assuring continued
optimum pump performance.
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Upon Iurther shifting outward of the ~iston 120 in
thc cylinder 118, ring 140 will pass over the cylinder chan-
nel 126 allowing communication between the cylinder inlet port
122 and ~iston ~ort 148 (Figure 6G). Now ring 138 and ring
142 cooperate in the formation of a negative pressure in
the pump ehamber 158 and piston ehannel 156 at which time
lig-uid will be drawn or sucked into cylinder 118 from the
container through the dip tube 124. When rings 140 clears
ehannel 126, piston port 148 is sealed and isolated from
pum~ ehamber 158. Ring 133 continues to exert a negative
pressure drawing produet into the pump ehamber 158 until
the piston 120 reaches its rest position (Figure 6H).
The pump 116 filling cycle and product dispensing
eyele may then be repeated as often as desired following the
foregoing seuence of steps and eyeles of operation. ~ump 116
will remain primed after initial priming.
Referring now to Figures 7 and 8, a proposed eommereial
version of the pump 116 of Figure 5A is illustrated
whieh may eomprise an e~ternal trigger restoring spring 166,
a elosure eap 168, a tab 170 and a nozzle 172. Inasmuell as
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the ~ring lG6 is external and does not come in contact
with the product being dispensed, it need not be made of
an expensive corrosion-resistant metal. The closure cap
168 has a central opening 174 and is preferably threaded
internally 176 for contact with the neck of the container 178.
The tab 170 conveniently serves as a retainer for the piston
120, an abutment for the external spring 170 and as a means
for preventing the piston 120 and the piston extension 146
from rotating on its longitudinal axis. The nozzle 172 may
assume one of many different forms. ~or exam~le, it may
be capable of being rotated between a closed, an open
a spray and a stream position or any combination thereof.
With reference to Figure 9, a dispenser package is
shown including a container 114 and the pump 116,
incorporating an internal spring 180 as shown in Figure 10,
is affixed to the container 114 in a sealed manner by
way of a closure cap 168. In all other respects the structure
and operation of the pump of these figures are the same as
the previous embodiment and like parts will be similarly
numbered.
Reference is now made to Figure 11 which depicts an
embodiment of pump of this invention with the pump axis dis-
posed vertically to form a vertical reciprocal pump having ,
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a laterally directed discharge orifice or nozzle. In all
other respects this embodiment is similar in structure,operation and construction to the embodiment of Figure 5A
and, accordingly, corres~onding parts will be similarly
numbered with an accompanying subscript a. Thus, the
pump 116a is provided with a finger actuated button
182 containing a lateral outlet orifice 152a. This pump is
affixed to a liquid container by means of a closure cap 168a.
Pressure can be applied directly upon the button 182
to dispense the product incident to vertical reciprocation
of this piston. As shown in rigureS 11 and 12, pump 116a
extends into the product container 114a to reduce the height
of the overall packaging although this may not be essential in
certain applications. If dispensing in an inverted manner is
recommended as with foot powders and the like this may be
accomplished by the elimination of the plug 188 and the channel
l90 to the dip tube 124a as well as the dip tube itself. Cor-
responding modifications may be made on all embodiments of thepump.
Referring now to the embodiment of the invention of Figures
13a - 13c, it will be observed that an outlet orifice 152b is
advantageously maintained in a fixed position and does not move
when the pump is reciprocated. The cylinder 118b is provided
with a vertical passage 192 which originates at the cylinder
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channel 126b and terminates at the outlet orifice 152b and
an additional passage 190b which extends from the cylinder inlet
port 122b and communicates witn the dip tube 124b. The pump 116b
is actuated by finger pressure upon the ~lunger 19~. The piston
120b is provided with a piston port 150b located between rings
142b and 144b which allows for communication between the piston
channel 156b and the piston 120b surface. Parts corresponding to
previous embodiments will be similarly numbered with an accompany-
ing subscript b. When the piston ring 138b isolates cylinder
1~ inlet port 122b from the pump chamber 158b and piston channel
1~6b compression of the trapped air and product begins. Eventually
ring 140b will be in cylinder channel 126b ~o that a path exists
between the outlet orifice 152b and the inlet port 122b so that
any negative pressure in the li~uid container is relieved by vent-
ing (Figure 13B). The compression continues until ring 142b
enters the cylinder channel 126b at which time ring 140b
isolat~s cylinder inlet port 122b. Then the seal of ring
142b is interrupted and a path is established between the
pump cnamber 158b and piston channel 156b and the outlet
oririce 152b by way of the piston port 150b, the cylinder
channel 126b and tne cylinder passage 192 (Figure 13C). When this
occurs, the air and product is dispensed through the outlet orifice
152b. On the return stroke of piston 120b the cylinder inlet port `
122b is i.olated from the piston port 150b by ring 140b. Then air
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drawn into the pump chamber 158b and c~linder channel 15~b from
the outlet orifice 152b due to a negative pressure formed hy the
coo~eration of rings 138b, 140b and 144b (Figure 13C). When ring
142~ isolates piston port 150 from the c~ylinder channel 126b the
drawing of air into the pump chamber 158b stops and the continued
retraction of piston 120b from the cylinder 118b creates a
vacuum in t~e pump chamber 158b and piston channel 156b (Figure
13b). While air and product may be drawn about the piston surface
between rings 138b and 142b, the primary operation is the creation
of the vacuum in .he pump chamber 158b and piston channel 156b by
ring 138b. Once ring 138b passes the inlet port 122b product
is sucked into the pum~ chamber 158b through inlet port 122b.
The drawing of product continues until the piston 120~ reaches
its rest position (~igure 13A)~
Referring now to the embodiment of the pump 116b as shown
in Figures 14 and 15. This is essentially the same pump as
shown in Figure 13 but in the present instance, it is actuated
~y means of a trigger assembly 210. Figure 14 depicts the pump
and the trigger assembly 210 in a rest or starting position.
Figure 15 shows the trigger assembly 210 in a fully contracted
position with the pump dispense cycle completed. The trigger
assembly 210 comprises a trigger housing 208, an actuating
lever or trigger 204 which is pivotally mounted on a pivot pin
206 carried by tne trigger housing 208, and a Y-shaped actuator
;` 212. The Y-shaped actuator 212 comprises member 216, member 210
~ and member 214 jointly connected by a hinge 220.
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Member 214 engages trigger 204 while member 216 extends from the
hinge 220 and pivots against the housing 208, and member 210
extends from the hinge 220 and engages the piston. A passage
222 is provided in the housing 208 to allow the passing of air
and product to tlle outlet orifice.
When reference now to Figures 16 and 17, another embodi-
ment of the pump is shown. Figure 16 depicts the pump at rest
wllereas Figure 17 shows the pump in a fully depressed position.
Parts corresponding to the other embodiments will be similarly
numbered with an accompanying subscript _. The essential difference
between pump 116c and the preceeding embodiment of the pump 116
; is the construction of the cylinder 230. The cylinder 230
may comprise a cylinder wall 232 which is surrounded by a cy-
linder housing 234. The cylinder channel 236 is formed by
an opening in the cylinder wall 232. The cylinder inlet port
122c communicates with the dip tube 124c by way of passage 238
located between the cylinder housing 234 and the cylinder
wall 232. In all other respects, construction and operation
of tlle pump is identical to that of the previous described
vertical reciprocal pump as shown in Figure 11.
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It should be evident by all of the embodiments of the
invention that the pumps construction and manufacture would re-
main of a simple nature in its applications. The pump is extreme-
ly versatile and can function in various positions such as
horizontal, vertical or even inverted if so desired. It can
be vertically reciprocal, actuated by a trigger mechanism or
directly, with the discharae nozzle movable or stationary.
The diameter of the pump chamber and piston respectively
may be increased in relation to the outlet port so as to be
able to disperse a given large volume by a short stroke when
coupled with a trigger mechanism providing an acceptable mechani-
cal advantage.
The position of the contact rings can be adjusted to vary
the ratio of air to product depending on the purpose sought to
be achieved. Ring position will also govern the strength of
the vacuum or negative pressure formed in the pump chamber dur-
ing the filling cycle as well as the compression available for dis-
pensing the product. As will be appreciated by those skilled in
the art, piston sealing ring placement and spacing, piston and
cylinder port spacing and size and cylinder channel location and
j size will vary depending on many factors, including avoidance
of liquid lock and vapor lock, duration and amount of product
dispensed with each stroke, venting and of course the desired
sealing against leakage.
~ .
.,
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-~ . , -
In the movable orifice pump, when the product exits out
the orifice in the piston as ln Figures 5-12, and 16-17, only
four rings are necessary. In the fully inserted position,
rings 144, 144a must be on the right or upper side of the channel
126, 126a to seal the piston. In ~he fully retracted position,
ring 138, 138a must be on the right or upper side of the
inlet opening 122, 122a to permit filling the pump chamber.
The distance between ring 144 and ring 138 determines the minimum
length of the cylinder. During the compression stroke when ring
138 clears the inlet opening, ring 142 should theoretically now
be in the cylinder channel 126 in order to assure against liquid
lock and assure proper operation of the pump. If there is suf-
ficient resilient means in the pump chamber as disclosed herein,
such as a pocket of air some compression will be permitted before
this ring 142 enters the channel 126 to avoid liquid lock. Of
course with proper location of ring 140, some product will be
forced back into inlet opening 122, from piston port 148, channel
126 around ring 140 (See Figure 6B). The cylinder channel
12~ must be long enough to connect the piston ports 148, 150
on each side of ring 142 for a sufficient period of time to
get enough product out through the outlet orifice 152. The
length of channel 126 in the cylinder and the duration over which
both piston ports 148, 150 are exposed to this channel deter-
mines the amount of volume of spray. Instead of lengthen-
ing the channel you may wish to locate ring 142 closer to
the forward end of the piston. Therefore, to increase the
volume of spray you must lengthen the channel 126 or the
spacing between rings 142 and 140 to any given channel. If the
space
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5~
between rings 142 and 140 is small the time of spray will be
longer, if tne dist~nce between rinss 142 and 140 is lengthened
the duration of spray is shortened for a fixed cylinder channel
length.
~ 1ith respect to the sequential pump in which the outlet
orifice is fixed as in Figures 13-15, only three rings are
necessary because ring 142b may be eliminated. In the fully
inserted position the outermost ring 144b must be on the upper
side of the outlet opening 126b. In the fully retracted position
tl~e innermost ring 138b must be on the upper right side of the
inlet opening 122b. The distance between rings 138b and 144b
determines the minimum length of the cylinder. During compression
when ring 138b clears the inlet opening 122b proper operation is
assured and liquid lock is avoided by ring 142b entering the
outlet opening 126b. A delay in the ring 142b entering the out-
let opening 126b is permissible if there is sufficient air or
other resilient means in the pump chamber. The placement of
ring 142b in the fixed orifice pump cooperates in determining
the amount of spray.
2~
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~ 9
I
¦ With the foregoing in mind, rings 36, 30 and 42 of
Figure 2 may be eliminated. The reason for rings 30 and 42
(the latter need not be present at all) is simply to retain
product in the pump chamber 46 when the pump is fully retracted
otherwise there may exist the possibility of the product leak-
ing down the dip tube 24.
It will be noted that when the ring spacing meets the
requirements for effective pumping, conditions are also such
that communication between the container and the atmosphere
` 10 ¦is also provided. Thus, venting of the contalner is an
essential consequence of the pumping action. The magnitude of
the pressure drop created inside the cylinder chamber before
the inlet port opens is proportional to the piston travel
which is equal to the distance between rings 13~ and 142 minus
the space between the cylinder ports including the width of
the ports themselves.
As used throughout, the term "ring" is intended to cover
all sealing elements the shape of which will be dependent upon
the transverse cross-section of the tubular pump, whether it
~ be circular, elliptical, straight-sided or other geometrical
form. Likewise, the term cylinder is intended to embrace
thcse cross-sectional configurations of tubes within which the
piston is r iprocal.
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'
6~
The invention contemplates the providing of a pocket
of air in the pump chamber so that the likelihood of a piston
"hang-up" or a "liquid lock" is eliminated. As will be appre-
ciated by those skilled in the field, the pump chamber can
easily accommodate a flexible sponge which would similarly
remedy a "hang-up" if necessary. Also, the cylinder itself may
be provided with a resilient cylinder wall or portion thereof
or even a controlled leakage past the rings would provide alter-
nate solutions to the problem. The holes in the piston as well
as the holes in the cylinder need not be holes as such, but
could be slots or a combination of both.
Overall, the invention is easily adaptable to the
varied necessities and applications of the commercial and pri-
vate users and to which the embodiments shown reflect a mere
portion of its ultimate utilization.
Thus the several aforenoted objects and advantages
are most effectively attained. Although several somewhat pre-
ferred embodiments have been disclosed and described in detail
herein, it should be understood that this invention is in no
sense limited thereby and its scope is to be determined by
that of the appended claims.
This application is a divisional application of our
copending patent application serial No. 302,343 filed May 1,
1978.
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