Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
llS335ti
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to high viscosity fluids and,
more particularly, relates to high viscosity fluids that are
produced by terminating the base catalyzed reaction of
alkylene oxides with mono- and polyhydric initiators by the
addition of epoxy resins. The resulting fluids are suitable
for use as functional fluids.
2. Description of the Prior Art
: 10 Prior art functional fluids have been typically
prepared by the reaction of mixtures of ethylene oxide and
propylene oxide together with polyoxyalkylene glycol
initiators that have molecular weights greater than 5000.
Typical ratios range from 2:1 to 4:1 in proportions of oxide
mix~ure to initiator. Undiluted viscosities of the resultant
products range between 100,000 SUS (Saybol Universal Seconds~
.,
and 200,000 SUS at 100F. Representative prior art fluids
are the JEFFOX~ synthetic functional fluids manufactured by
TEXACO CHEMICAL CO. Preferably, undiluted viscosities should
be greater than 200,000 SUS. As more and more of the alkylene
oxides are added and the product becomes more viscous, a
point of diminishing returns is reached due to the shearing
, action of the reactor agitator on the product. As a result,
; large additions of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are
required to obtain significant changes in viscosity. This
method significantly increases the cycle time and costs for
, these products.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to
produce water soluble fluids with viscosities preferably in
excess of 200,000 SUS at 100F by an economical method. It is
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~153356
expected that the fluids would be particularly useful as
thickening agents for fire resistant glycol-water hydraulic
fluids for use in refineries, coal mines, steel mills,
machine shops and military equipment. Functional fluid uses
as bra~e fluids, lubricants and starting materials for
surfactants, plasticizers and resins are also anticipated.
It is anticipated that the fluids of this invention
would be found useful in applications for which the typical
,~ functional fluids would not be suited, but which require high
viscosity water soluble fluids.
Other patents disclose reactions involving polyols
and epoxy resins. Japanese Patent 71-24,255 concerns the
reaction of glycerine-based 3,000 molecular weight triol with
2% Bisphenol A epoxy resin to produce flexible polyurethane
foams with increased hardness.
U.S. Patent 3,012,984 describes how hydroxyl
terminated polyesters, epoxy resins and isocyanate terminated
prepolymers may be reacted in an inert organic solvent to
produce metal primers and coatings. U.S. Patent 3,010,940
discloses how phenol, epoxy resins, polyisocyanates and
alpha-methylbenzyldimethylamine react to produce various
polyurethane coatings. U.S. Patent 3,448,046 describes how
polyols containing chlorine are mixed with epoxy resins
before reaction with an isocyanate. The free epoxides
scavenge the HCl in the polyol and do not contribute to the
:
functionality of the polyol. The reaction of an epoxide with
an alcoholic hydroxyl group is set out in U.S. Patent
3,317,609. Further, British Patent 96~,102 describes how
polyols suitable for polyurethane foams may be prepared from
the reaction of a polyol, and an epoxy resin in the presence
of an acidic catalyst.
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11533S~;
The preparation of an emulsion of epoxy diacrylate
from hydroxyethylacrylate, the diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol
- A, benzophenone, deionized water, N-butylcarbamoyloxyethyl
and oxyethylenepropylene diol is described in U.S. Patent
; 5 4,125,503. U.S. Patent 4,108,922 discloses the preparation
. of antistatic fibers that contain multiple branched propoxy-
:: lated ethoxylated polyalkylenepolyamines and monoamines as
well as the chain-extended reaction products from these
materials. Elastomers made from a 5000 molecular weight
capped triol, a diol and a liquid polyepoxide over a
. quaternary ammonium or phosphonium catalyst are the subject
'~ of U.S. Patent 4,118,373.
Further prior art compositions include those
described in German Offenlegungschrifft 2,056,080. This
: 15 patent describes how epoxy adhesives may be made by the
reaction of epoxy resins with 4-mercaptobutanol-blocked
-. urethane prepolymers which are made from toluene diisocyanate
.. and various polyols. A uretinedione derivative of
r'~ diisocyanatotoluene sulfonic acid has been treated with a
. 20 polyol and an epoxide to prepare sulfonate ester groups
containing urethane which were found to be water resistant,
.~ according to the disclosure in German Offenlegungschrifft
2,735,047. German Offenlegungschrifft 1,905,696 discloses
.;. how polyurethane lattices may be produced by chain-extending
. 25 a urethane prepolymer by usinq the reaction product of
polyethylene glycols OI a molecular weight of about 5,000 to
10,000, and an aromatic diglycidyl ether. The modification
of epoxy resins by heating them wi~h added polyalkoxylated
disaccharides is described in Belgium Patent 785,020.
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ilS335~;
SUMMARY 0~ Tlle INV~NTION
The invention concerns high viscosity fluids prepared by reacting
one or more monohydric or dihydric alcohol initiators with one or more alky-
lene oxides. The reaction is then terminated by the addition of a quantity
of epoxy resin such that the ratio of hydroxyl equivalents in the reaction
product to epoxy equivalents in the resin is in the range of about 2 to 1 to
about 5 to l. The invention also concerns methods of making the fluids and
the fluids in aqueous solutions.
Thus, this invention provides a process for the preparation of
water soluble, high viscosity fluids comprising:
- (a) reacting one or more monohydric or dihydric alcohol initiators
with one or more al~ylene oxides to give an adduct having a molecular weight
in the range of about 2,000 to 20,000; and
(b) terminating the reaction by the addition of a quantity of
epoxy resin such that the ratio of hydroxyl to epoxy resin equivalents is in
the range of about 2 to 1 to about 5 to 1, where the epoxy resin is selected
from the group of epoxy resins consisting of diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A,
polyglycidyl ether of phenol formaldehyde novolac resin, hydrogenated digly-
cldyl ether of Bisphenol A, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether
of propylene glycol, vinylcyclohexanediepoxide, halogenated diglycidyl ethers
of Bisphenol A and aromatic amine based epoxy resins where the resulting
fluids have a viscosity in the range of about 200,000 to 400,000 SUS at 100F.
, In a second aspect, this invention provides for water soluble high
viscosity fluids made by the process of the invention.
In a third aspect, this invention provides for aqueous solutions of
high viscosity fluids comprising water and a water soluble, high viscosity
fluid made by the process of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
This invention is the modification of ethylene oxide/ propylene
; 3Q oxide ~EO/PO) adducts of alcohols, glycols, and other polyhydric initiators
. .
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llS33Si~
to prepare high viscosity functional fluids. Water soluble ~!0/pO adducts of
the above initiators are particularly useful as thickening agents for fire
resistant glycol-water hydraulic fluids for use in refineries, coal minesJ :.
steel mills, machine shops, and military equipment. To bo uscful as thicken-
ers for these type applications, the materials must be water soluble and
have an undiluted viscosity of greater than 100,000 SUS at 100F. and pre-
erably, greater than 200,000 SUS at 100F.
. In this invention, large increases in product viscosity were obtain-
ed by terminating the reaction of the E0/P0 addition to the polyoxyalkylene
glycol initiator with 1-4% of an epoxy resin such as the diglycidyl ether
of Bisphenol A. A source of this resin is the EP0 ~ 828 product manufactured
; by Shell Chemical Co. It is preferred that the ratio of hydroxyl to epoxy
eqùivalents be 2/1 to 5/1. Functional fluids prepared as described in this
invention
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have viscosities of 200,000 - 400,000 SUS at 100F. Due to
their high viscosity and excellent water solubility, they can
be diluted with larger quantities of water to prepare fluids
of comparable viscosity to less viscous prior art materials.
This results in a more economical and fire resistant system.
It is well known that the polyoxyalkylene glycol
initiators used in this invention may be prepared by, for
example, the base catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide or
- propylene oxide with an initiator having a low hydroxyl
functionality, that is, containing less than three reactive
hydrogen atoms. An example of a suitable initiator is
propylene glycol. If base catalysis is used, the alkaline
catalysts normally employed are sodium hydroxide and po-
tassium hydroxide. The polyols that are preferred for this
invention should be monohydric or dihydric, that is, the
; alcohol initiator should have a hydroxyl functionality of
less than three. Other techniques to prepare polyols are
known to those skilled in the art.
Polyether polyols having equivalent weigh's of up
to about 750 are normally prepared in a one-step process by
.7 the reaction of propylene oxide or ethylene oxide with such
an initiator. For example, the starting material for the
. examples herein is JEFFOX~PEG-600, a product of Texaco
~` Chemical Co., that is a 600 molecular weight polyethylene
,! 25 glycol. For the preparation of larger molecules, a two-step
process is usually employed. In the first step, a product
having an e~uivalent weight of from about 150 to about 750 is
prepared, and in the second step this is reacted further with
propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to prepare ~he higher
molecular weight product.
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Ultimately, the alkylene oxide adducts of the
alcohols, glycols and other polyhydric initiators should be
in the 2,000 to 20,000 molecular weight range. In this
invention, the growing polyether chain is terminated with
epoxy resins to produce the high viscosity functional fluids
instead of using more alkylene oxides to build up viscosity
as in the prior art. Although the epoxy resin is added at the
end of the alkylene oxide adduct reaction, the epoxy resin
ends up in the middle of a chain formed by two adduct
molecules and the product has a functionality of
approximately four. In a similar manner, when a monohydric
initiator is used, the epoxy resin is positioned in the
center of a diol.
The alkylene oxides useful in this invention are
ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide.
Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are preferred for this
invention, and these reactants are used in the examples
herein. More than one alkylene oxide may be added to the
reaction mixture as deemed necessary by one skilled in the
art practicing this invention.
`` It is anticipated that a wide variety of epoxy
resins would be useful in practicing this invention. The
vicinal polyepoxide containing compositions are organic
materials having an average of at least 1.8 reactive 1,2-
epoxy groups per molecule. These polyepoxide materials can
, be monomeric or polymeric, saturated or unsaturated,
aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic, and may
be substituted if desired with other substituents besides the
epoxy groups, e.g., hydroxyl groups, ether radicals, aromatic
halogen atoms and the like.
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` llS;~356
Preferred polyepoxides are those of glycidyl ethers
prepared by epoxidizing the corresponding allyl ethers or
reacting, by known procedures, a molar excess of
epichlorohydrin and an aromatic polyhydroxy compound, i.e.,
isopropylidene bisphenol, novolak, resorcinol, etc. Examples
of specific preferred epoxy resins for the purposes of this
invention are the diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A, the
polyglycidyl ether of phenolformaldehyde novolac resin, the
hydrogenated diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A, 1,4-butanediol
diglycidyl ether, the diglycidyl ether of propylene glycol,
vinylcyclohexanediepoxide, halogenated diglycidyl ethers of
; Bisphenol A and aromatic amine-based epoxy resins. The epoxy
derivatives of methylene or isopropylidene bisphenols are
especially preferred. The diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A is
used in the examples herein. Some of these epoxy resins are
known in the trade as "Epon" resins and may be obtained from
. Shell Chemical Co.
A widely used class of polyepoxides which are
useful according to the instant invention includes the
resinous epoxy polyethers obtained by reacting an epiha-
lohydrin, such as epichlorohydrin, and the like, with either
~'r a polyhydric phenol or a polyhydric alcohol. An illus-
- trative, but by no means exhaustive, listing of suitable
~, dihydric phenols includes 4,4'-isopropylidene bisphenol,
25 2,~'-dihydroxydiphenylethylmethane, 3,3l_
dihydroxydiphenyldiethylmethane, 3,4'-
dihydroxydiphenylmethylpropylmethane, 2,3'-
dihydroxydiphenylethylphenylmethane, 4,4'-
dihydroxydiphenylpropylphenylmethane, 4,4'-
30 dihydroxydiphenylbutylphenylmethane, 2,2l-
115335~;
dihydroxydiphenylditolylmethane, 4,4'-
dihydroxydiphenyltolylmethylmethane and the like. Other
polyhydric phenols which may also be co-reacted with an
epihalohydrin to provide these epoxy polyethers are such
;~ 5 compounds as resorcinol, hydroquinone, substituted hydro-
quinones, e.g., methylhydroquinone, and the like.
Among the polyhydric alcohols which can be co-
reacted witn an epihalohydrin to provide these resinous epoxy
polyethers are such compounds as ethylene glycol, propylene
glycols, butylene glycols, pentane diols, bis(4-
hydroxycyclohexyl)dimethylmethane, 1,4-dimethylolbenzene,
glycerol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, mannitol,
' sorbitol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, their dimers, trimers
' and higher polymers, e.g., polyethylene glycols, polypro-
pylene glycols, triglycerol, dipentaerythritol and the like,
polyallyl alcohol, polyhydric thioethers, such as 2,2'-,3,3'-
; tetrahydroxydipropylsulfide and the like, mercapto alcohols
such as mono-thioglycerol, dithioglycerol, and the like,
polyhydric alcohol partial esters, such as monostearin,
pentaerythritol monoacetate, and the like, and halogenated
polyhydric alcohols such as the monochlorohydrins of
..,j
glycerol, sorbitol, pentaerythritol and the like.
Another class of polymeric polyepoxides which can
be amine cured and are in accordance with the instant
invention includes the epoxy novolak resins obtained by
reacting, preferably in the presence of a basic ~atalyst,
e.g., sodium or potassium hydroxide, an epihalohydrin, such
as epichlorohydrin, with the resinous condensate of an
aldehyde, e.g., formaldehyde, and either a monohydric phenol,
e.g., phenol itself, or a polyhydric phenol. Further details
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l~S3356
concerning the nature and prepartion of these epoxy novolak
resins can be obtained in Lee, H. and Neville, K., Handbook
of Epoxy Resins, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1967.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art
that the polyepoxide compositions which are useful according
to the practice of the present invention are not limited to
those containing the above described polyepoxides, but that
these polyepoxides are to be considered merely as being
representative of the class of polyepoxides as a whole.
- 10 The reaction conditions of temperature and pressure
may be selected by the invention practitioner to meet certain
specifications required by the functional fluid for a
particular use. The examples herein use a pressure of about
50 psig and a temperature of about 50 to 150C as
lS representative conditions for the making of functional fluids
that would be useful as brake fluids, lubricants, starting
materials for surfactants, plasticizers and resins and
thickening agents for hydraulic fluids. Other uses of the
high viscosity fluids of this invention are anticipated
v 20 ~herever there is a need for fluids having good water solu-
bility and high viscosity. The amount of epoxy resin to be
added to th~ reaction mixture should be such that the ratio
of hydroxyl eguivalents to epoxy equivalents ranges from
about 2:1 to about 5:1. Too many epoxy equivalents in
25 relation to the hydroxyl equivalents may cause the epoxy
resin to gel by cross-linking with itself. The functional
fluids resulting from the method of this invention would
preferably have a viscosity in the range of 200,000 to
400,000 SUS at 100F.
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The following examples demonstrate how prior art
functional fluids and the high viscosity functional fluids of
this invention may be prepared. Examples are also presented
which demonstrate the properties of aqueous solutions of the
high viscosity functional fluids as well as the limits on the
hydroxyl to epoxy functionality ratio.
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115335~;
E X A M P L E
This example will illustrate the preparation of
prior art functional fluids. It will further show the
multiple processing steps reguired to prepare high viscosity
functional fluids.
~ Preparation of 5000 m.w. EO/PO diol.
Reaction Charqe lbs./lb. of product
., . 600 m.w. polyethylene glycol
:~ (JEFFOX~PEG-600, a
- 10 product of Texaco
Chemical Co.) 0.1018
Potassium hydroxide,
90% flake 0.00223
Ethylene oxide 1 0.6875
: 15 ~mixed
Propylene oxideJ 0.2288
Hydroxyanisole 0.00007
, JEFFOX PEG-600 was first charged to the kettle.
The kettle was evacuated and purged with nitrogen and then
heated to 50C. Potassium hydroxide was added and the
mixture was stirred until the KOH was solubilized. The
reactor was heated to 120C to strip the initiator to a water
content of less than 0.3%. The mixed ~O/PO was reacted at
115-120C at 50 psig. Approximately 15 hours were required
for addition of the mixed EO/PO. The reaction mixture was
then digested to an equilibrium pressure and stripped to a
water content of less than 0.06%. The hydroxyanisole was
then added as a stabilizer and antioxidant and the product
was transferred to a rundown tank. The finished product had
the following properties:
Properties
Alkalinity, mg KOH/g 1.9
- 115335~
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Corrected Hydroxyl No.,
~ mg KOH/g 22.6
; Water, wt. % 0.03
: Viscosity, F., centistokes
100 1903
210 254
Step B - Preparation of 13000 m.w. EO/PO diol.
Reaction Charge lb./lb. product
5000 m.w. EO/PO diol from
- 10 Step A 0.2208
Potassium hydroxide, 90%
flake 0.00122
Ethylene oxide ~ 0.5982
~mixed
Propylene oxideJ 0.2001
Hydroxyanisole 0.00013
Procedure
The 5000 m.w. EO/PO diol was charged to the kettle
which was then evacuated and purged with nitrogen. The
reactor was heated to 50C. Potassium hydroxide was added
and stirred until solubilized. The mixture was heated to
120C and stripped to a water content of less than 0.08%.
Mixed EO/PO was reacted at 115-120C at 50 psig. Approxi-
mately 22 hours were required for addition of the mixed
oxides. The reaction mixture was digested to an equilibrium
pressure and the hydroxyanisole added. The product was
transferred to a storage tank. The finished product had the
following properties.
: Properties
30 Alkalinity, mg KOH/g 1.65
Corrected hydroxyl No.,
mg KOH/g 8.7
;; Water, wt. % 0.637
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Viscosity, F., c.s.
.' 100 19900
210 2522
Viscosity, 100F., SUS 92177
Step C - Prepara~ion of 200,000 SUS functional fluid
Reaction Chargelb./lb. Product
; 13,000 m.w. EO/PO diol from
` Step B 0.5
Potassium hydroxide, 90%
flaked 0.00008
Ethylene oxide, lb. 0.375
; mixed
; Propylene oxide, lb. 0.125
Procedure
The 13,000 m.w. EO/PO diol was charged to the
kettle which was then purged with nitrogen. The reactor was
heated to 50C and potassium hydroxide was added. The
mixture was heated to 100C., maintaining nitrogen purge to
strip to a water content of less than 0~08%. Mixed EO/PO was
reacted at 115-120C at 30 psig over a three hour period. The
reaction mixture was digested to an equilibrium pressure,
stripped and drained from the kettle. The resultant product
had the following properties.
Properties
25 Alkalinity, mg KOH/g 1.26
Corrected Hydroxyl No.,
mg KOH/g 6.68
Water, wt. % 0.09
Viscosity, F., c.s.
100 43118
210 5537
Viscosity, 100F., SUS 199273
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115335~;
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E X A M P L E I I
` This example will illustrate the preparation of the
high viscosity functional fluids of this invention. It will
~ further show the excellent water solubility, thickening
i~ 5 power, and shear stability of the resultant fluids.
Into a ten-gallon kettle were charged 10 lb. of the
' EO/PO diol from Step B in Example I, 25 g water, and 0.1 lb.- diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (EPON 828). The reactor wasthen evacuated and purged with prepurified nitrogen. The
reactants were then heated to 100C and stripped to a water
content of less than 0.05%. After a one to two hour digestion
period, the product was drained from the kettle. The product
had the following properties:
ProPerties
15 Alkalinity, mg KOH/g 1.51
Corrected Hydroxyl No.,
mg KOH/g 9.2
Water, wt. % 0.014
Viscosity, F., c.s.
- 20 100 65425
210 7957
Viscosity, 100F., SUS 303049
Cloud point, C
(1% agueous) 64.5
TABLE I
Properties of Aaueous Solutions of
Hiqh Viscosity Functional Fluids
Sample No. A* B* C
Composition, pbw
Functional fluid 80 70 50
Water 20 30 50
Properties
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~ 335~;
Viscosity, 100F., c.s. 12306 5235 720
Viscosity, 100F., SUS 5774324249 3335
:. Shear stability
(five minutes on WARING~
` blender at liquify speed)
Viscosity, 100F., c.s. 862
. 5 Viscosity, 100F., SUS 3993
*Shear stability not tested for these formulations
'.~ 10
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E X A M P L E I I I
This example will further illustrate the
preparation of the high viscosity functional fluids of this
invention. It will also further illustrate the excellent
water solubility, thickening power and shear stability of the
resultant fluids. In addition, the reproducibility of the
procedure is demonstrated.
Into a ten-gallon kettle were charged 10 lb. of the
EO/PO diol from Step B, Example I, and 0.1 lb. diglycidyl
- 10 ether of Bisphenol A(EPON 828). The reactor was then
evacuated and purged with prepurified nitrogen. The
reactants were then heated at 100C., for one hour, stripped
and drained from the kettle. The product had the following
properties:
~E~
Alkalinity, mg KOH/g1.48
Corrected Hydroxyl No.,
mg KO~/g 9.5
Water, wt. % 0.02
Viscosity, F., c.s.
100 65621
210 6490
I Viscosity, 100F., SUS 303956
Cloud point, C.
(1% aqueous) 64
TABLE II
Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Functional Fluids
Sample No. D* E* F G*
Composition, pbw
30 Functional Fluid 80 70 50 10
Water 20 30 50 90
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; Pro~erties
Viscosity, 100F., c.s. 13000 5600 1065 7.4
Viscosity, 100F., SUS 60190 25928 4933 50.1
Shear stabilit
(five minutes in WARING~
blender at liquify speed)
Viscosity, 100F., c.s. -- -- 1119 --
Viscosity, 100F., SUS -- -- 5183 --
*Shear stability not tested for these formulations.
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E X A M P L E I V
This example will illustrate the reaction of Epon
828 (diglycidylether of Bisphenol ~) with the twelve male
ethylene oxide adducts of nonyl phenol (SURFONIC~N-120,
Texaco Chemical Co.)
The increase in viscosity of monofunctional polyol
initiators is hereby illustrated. Into a 500 ml three-necked
flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen source
and condenser was charged 250g SURFONIC N-120 (0.334 eq.);
30.8g Epon 828 (0.167 eq.) and 1.25g 45% aqueous potassium
hydroxide. The mixture was then heated at 90-100C for three
hours. The reaction mixture was then dewatered by vacuum
stripping. The resultant product had the following
properties: For comparison, properties of the original
SURFONIC N-120 are included:
` SUREONIC N-120
-i monofunctional
; Reaction polyol initia-
t Description Product tor
Pro~erties
Alkalinity, mg KOH/g 10S
Hydroxyl No., mg KO~/g 72.6 73.5
Water, wt. % 0.01 0.05
25 Viscosity, F, C.s. 1687 254
100 668 122
Cloud point, C
(1% agueous) 17.1 54
Surface tension, dynes/cm.
1% aq. 39.2 38.6
0 001%qaq. 39 3 387 s
d
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E X A M P L E V
This example will illustrate the reproducibility of
this invention with respect to monohydric initiators. Using
the procedure of EXAMPLE IV, 250g (0.14 eq) of a propylene
oxides ethylene oxide adduct of methanol was reacted with
13.2g Epon 828 (0.07 eq.) in the presence of 1.45g 45%
aqueous potassium hydroxide. The resultant product had the
following properties:
Methanol-propylene
Reaction oxide-ethylene
Descri~tion Product oxide adduct
Properties
Alkalinity, mg KOH/g 2.03 0.01
Hydroxyl No., mg KO~/g 34.9 32.2
Water, wt. % 0.01 0.01
Viscosity, F., c.s.
77 1018 251
100 511 138
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E X A M P L E V I
This example is intended to show the preferred
ratios of hydroxyl/epoxy resin equivalents to prepare the
high viscosity functional fluids of this invention. In these
experiments a 13,000 molecular weight EO/PO diol (Step B,
Example I~ was reacted with varying quantities of the
diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A(EPON 828) using the procedure
of Example III. The data indicate that the preferred
hydroxyl/epoxy ratio should be in the range of 2/1 to 5/1.
Lower ratios caused a gelation of the product, while higher
ratios did not increase the viscosity enough.
T A B L E I I I
Effect of Hydroxyl/Epoxy Ratios on
FunctionaI Fluid ProPerties
~ g@L_L~
13000 m.w. EO/PO diols
from Step B, Ex. I100 100 100
Diglycidyl ether of
Blsphenol A 0.5 1.0 2.0
Hydroxyl/epoxy ratio5.74 2.87 1.44
ProPerties
Viscosity, F., c.s.
100 34824 65621 Gelled
210 4019 6490
Viscosity, 100F., SUS161305 303956
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