Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
3 1~
Reaction Chamber Used In A Coal Gasification Process.
The invention relates to a reaction chamber used in a
coal gasification process in which under partial oxidation
of carbonaceous solid material and addition of water a
carbon monoxide and a hydrogeneous gas is produced
which is used for synthetics and for fuel.
Every coal gasification process produces slag which must
be removed from the generated gas. This is usually
accomplished by means of a water bath located underneath
the reaction chamber. If the liquified slag particles
touch the surface of the wa-ter, they solidify. The solidified
particles are supposed -to sink in the bath due to their
higher specific weight, and to accumulate at the bottom
of -the water ba-th or a sluice, from where the slag from
time to time is removed without causing dis-turbance to
the water bath.
It has now frequently been found that not all of the
slag particles will sink to the bottom, but that some of
the slag is buoyant and accumulates on the surface of the
water bath. This leads on the one hand to clogging of the
reaction chamber, and on the o-ther hand it results in an
insufficient removal of the slag from the synthetic gas
generated during the process. Particles of slag are
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carried to the next vessel where they subse~uently also cause
clogging and functional disturbance.
It is, therefore, the aim of this invention to prevent
the occurrence of buoyant slag.
Accordingly, this invention is based on the assumption
that the huoyancy of slag is caused by an incomplete burning process
which results in cavities in the slag. According to this invention,
a higher degree of burning is achieved if the solids are allowed to
remain longer in the reaction chamber. The dwelling time in the
reaction chamber is prolonged if the solids are no longer moving
through the reaction chamber along a straight path but along a
spiral path. This spiral movement is caused in the reaction
chamber by a vortex burner.
Thus, accordin~ to one aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a reactor -for coal gasification wherein partial
oxidation of a solid material containing carbon in the presence of
water produces a carbon monoxide and hydrogen containing gas, ::
comprising
a vortex burner connected to said reactor having an
inner cylindrical conduit ~or admission of oxygen or combustive
air and an outer concentric cylindrical conduit cooperating with
said inner conduit to define an annulus for receipt of said solid
material and water, and
generally inwardly projecting guide means comprising
helical ribs inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the
inner conduit and disposed within said inner conduit for
establishing generally spiral motion to said oxygen or combustive
air as it moves through said inner conduit wherein said ribs are
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a-t one end connected by articulation with said inner conduit and
are glidingly supported at the other end in a recess of an
annular nut which nu-t is adjustably connected to said inner
conduit at the lnner periphery thereof.
Several examples of the invention are shown in the
drawings:
Figure 1 is a schematical sketch of the entire
gasification plant comprising a reaction chamber in accordance
with the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a turbulence burner for the reaction
chamber as shown in Figure 1.
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p
~igs. 3-~ show sec-tions of ano-ther version of a~
turbulence burner for the reaction chamber
shown in Fig. 1.
Figs. 6 and 7 are details of a third version of a turbulence
burner for the reaction chamber shown in Fig.l
Figs.8-12 show a fourth version of a turbulance burner
for the reaction chamber shown in Fig.l.
Fig. 13 shows a fifth version of a turbulance burner
~or the reaction chamber shown in Fig. 1.
According to Fig. 1, coal as obtained from the mine is by
means of a conveyor transported to a mill where it is in
the presence of water wet-milled. From the mill the coal-
water-slurry is conveyed into a feeder equipped with a
stirring device 3. The stirring device ensures a proper
distribution of the coal in the water.
From the stirrer 3 the coal-water-slurry is removed by
means o~ a pump4and via a pipe 5 conveyed to a turbulance
burner 6. A pipe7for the supply of combustion air and/or
pure oxygen leads likewise into the burner 6.
The burner 6 is located at the upper side of a reaction
chamber 8. The reaction unit is o~ elongated shape comprising
in longitudinal direction a passageway for the combustion
material. The unit 8 is in an upright position so that
the coal-water slurry and the combustion air and the oxygen
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respectively are blown by the burner from top to bottom
into the reaction unit. At a barometric pressure of
approximately between 10 - 200 bar and in the presence
of water, the coal is partially oxidized. This reaction
produces a carbon monoxide and a carbonous synthetic gas.
At the same time liquified slag particles fall on, which
leave -the unit at the bottom and arrive in a jet unit. In
the jet unit 9, the slag particles and the synthetic gas
experience for the first time a significant cooling-off
after the high temperature for combustion, which could lie
between 1350 and 1500.
In the base of the jet unit 8 -there is provided a water
bath. When the syn-the-tic gas touches the surface o~ this
water bath~ it experiences another cooling-off. At the same
time, the inert solids, the slag par-ticles, are propelled
against the water bath. When they touch the surface of the
water bath, they solidify. ~hey sink into the water and
accumulate at the base of the jet unit 9. From there they
are intermittantly drawn off into a sluice 10 from which
they subsequently will be expelled without adversely in-
fluencing the a-tmosphere in the reaction unit and the jet
unit.
The synthe-tic gas which has, while in jet unit 9, has been
diverted, arrives via pipe 11 at a convection cooler 12.
The convec-tion cooler 12 serves the purpose to further cool
down the synthetic gas. There is a washer unit 13, arranged
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a~ter the cooler. By means of this washer 13 the fly-away
dust is washed out. The cleaned synthetic gas le~ves the
washer 13 a-t the top of -the washer and is subse~uen-tly
transported to a chemical plant to be used for raw material
or to a metallurgical plant to be used for reducing gas.
The washer fluid is discharged at the base of -the washer 13
into a condenser lL~. The condenser extracts the major part
of the liquid (preferably water should have been used)
which is then recycled into the washer 13, while the
remaining liquid by means of a pump 15 and via conveyor pipe
16 is pressed into the unit comprising the stirring mechanism.
This recycling step serves the condi-tioning of the coal-
water-slurry and the utilization of combustable residues.
During the gasification process steam ~alls on, in the jet
unit 9 as well as in the convection vessel 12; this s~eam
is collected and via collector pipe 17 made available for
other uses.
According to Fig. 2, the turbulance burner 6 consists o~
concentrically arranged pipes 20 and 21. Both pipes 20 and 21
comprise a conically shaped end, i.e., the outer pipe 20
comprises a mouth piece 22, the inside of which terminates
at -the lid o~ the reaction unit 8. The mou-th piece 22
comprises recesses which form coolingconduits 23. These
cooling conduits are during the process ~lushed with water
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thereby reducing the thermal stress to which the burner
is exposed.
The outer pipe 20 is composed of two pipe sections, each
having a dlfferent diameter. The pipe section facing the
mouth piece 22 has a smaller diameter. The two sections are
bridged by a conical section 24. The conical section 24
creates, together with the reduction of the diameter, a
jet effect upon the medium being conveyed between the two
pipes 20 and 21, which in this case is the coal-water-slurry.
At the mouth piece 23 the coal-water-slurry thus accellerated
experiences at the outlet cone 25 a further accelleration,
At the outlet cone 25 there occurs a strong change of
d;rection for the coal-water-slurry , Due to the high discharge
speed this has a strong abrasive ef~ect upon the mouth piece
22, An insert cone 26 inserted into the mouthpiece 22
counteracts this danger, The insert cone has a funnel-like
shape and is pushed or placed inside the outle-t cone and
connected to the mouth piece 22 by me~ns o~ welding or pegs.
The pegs can be placed at random and don't have to be
particularly strong since the insert cone is,during the
operation, inside the mou-thpiece 23 pressed against the
outlet cone 25 by the combustion material passing through.
The load of impact is therefore absorbed by the mouth piece 22
and by the outlet cone 25. Taking into consideration the
minimal s-train to which it is exposed, i-t is sufficient
if -the insert cone 26 is spot-welded.
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The insert cone 26 extends somewhat beyond the mouth piece
22, forming thus a sharp edge 27. The edge 27 offers sig-
nificant dynamic advantages in connection with the
discharged combustion material.
The diame-ter of the outlet of the insert cone could lie
between 20 and 30 mm. The size of this diameter results
from the reductlon of the diameter existing be-tween the
bridge 24 and the outlet cone 25 to 1/3 - 1/4 of that
diameter. The angle of inclination of the outlet cone 25
is between 40 and 80 related to the inner wall of the
reaction unit, and between 10 and 50 in relation ,ItO the
longitudinal aXis of the burner.
The various pipe sections of the outer pipe 20 are in
aGcordance to Fig. 1 of the drawings welded together.
A connection by means of screws or clamps is also possible.
In the present case, the inner pipe 21 serves as supply
line for oxygen and combustion air. It is at its front
end secured to the outer pipe by means of four centering
pins 28 which are evenly distributed along the circumference.
The centering pins make sure that the two pipes 20 and 21
are aligned. This is necessary for a con-trolled mixing of
the supplied oxygen and combustion alr,respectively~ with
the coal-water-slurry supplied between the pipes 21 and 21.
Similar to pipe 20, pipe 21 consists of several sections.
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~he sections are welded together or could also be connected
to each other by other means. It is of importance that
they are tightly sealed in order to prevent a premature
mixing of oxygen or combustion air respectively with
the coal-water-slurry.
Pipe 21 comprises at its tip an outlet cone 29. The outlet
cone 29 is in two ways conical, it is conical on -the inside
as well as on the outside. Preferably the inclination on
the outside should be the same as on the outlet cone 25.
However, deviations up to 20 in both directions are
acceptable.
The same ratios are intended for the inside, therefore,
the same degree of inclination as in outlet 25, but here
again, devia-tions up to 20 in bo-th directions are acceptable.
For the purpose of preventing abrasion, outlet cone 29
is provided with a relatively thick wall. In anticipation
of abrasion and in order to ensure equilibrium of diameters
the outlet cone 29 should have a cylindrical outlet. The
length of this cylinder should be equal to 1/3 to 2/3 of
the diameter of the opening.
An aerodynamical body 31 is arranged in fron-t of` outlet
cone 29 in flowdirection of the escaping oxygen or combustion
gas respectively, -to prevent the loss of power inside of
pipe 21.
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In accordance with ~igllre 2, the aeroclynamical body
is essentially of cylincrical shape with bevelled or
conical edges. This shape is a result of simple cons-truction.
Preferably hovlever it should be drop-shaped with its
pointed end extending into opening 31. The blunt end
of the body 31 should ~e spaced from the end of pipe 21
a distance equal to 1 1/2 -to 2 1/2 times the diameter of
the opening 30. The maximum diameter of the body should
be between 1/2 and 3/4 of the size of the opening 30.
The aerodynamical body is secured in pipe 21 by means of
3 or 4 equally distributed pins. The webs 32 are preferably
welded to the body 31 and to pipe 21. ~or aerodynamical
reasons they have a small diameter. The small diameter
of the webs 32 provides of course limited support to the
webs. This support may however be signi~ican-tly increased
if the webs sho~m in Fig.2 as dotted lines 33 are arranged
in such a manner that they are effected essentially
by the draf-t from the inflowing media. In accordance
with ~ig. 1 this is similar in effect -to- a suspended
arrangement o~ the aerodynamical body 31.
There are furthermore 2 webs 24 loca-ted lnside the pipe 21
which extend along the inner wall of the pipe in a semi
screwlil~e line. That means tha-t each web covers an area
of just 180 of the circumference of the inner half of
pipe 21. Bo-th webs 34 run in the same direction and are arranged
diametrically to each other~ Their position is shifted by
q ~,~ ~ i /
180 with regard to each other. The webs are weided to
the inside of -the wall of the pipe or secured in any
other manner. Their cross sectional shape can be rectangular
or round or of any other shape. ~ectangular or round shapes
are however particularly suitable.
The number of webs may vary. At least one web must be
provided. The only limitation is with regard to the width
of the webs. Otherwise there is no limitation to the
number of webs that could be installed. The length of
the webs should form a sector arc of at least 60 but no
more than 300.
The distance between the webs and -the pipe 21 should not
be less than half the diameter and not more -than twice
the diameter of the opening of the outlet 30 or of the
opening of the cone 2~ or of the insert cone 26.
It is the purpose of the webs to induce a twisting motion
to the oxygen or combustion air while these are passing
through the pipe. The curren-t created is dic-tated by the
angle of inclination of the webs in relation to the longi-
tudinal axis of the pipe. According to ~ig. 2, this angle
is L~5. It may also measure between 20 and 70.
It is essential to remember that even a minimum height o~
the web is sufficient to induce a satisfying current.
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0,01 times the innder diameter of pipe 21 could be considered
to be the minimvm requirement for the height of the web. The
maximum height should not be more than 0,~ times the inner
diameter of pipe 21. It is of advan-tage that the minimum
hei~ht of the web will permit the aerodynamical body 31 -to
be located in the area of the webs 34. Such a location is
of advantage if current loss is to be prevented.
The whirl effect maintained by the oxygen a~d -the combustion
air by means of webs 31~ is dependent on the velocity of
flow in the pipe 21. The veloci-ty of flow, in turn, is
determined by the inner diameter of the pipe and by pressure.
Furthermore has to be taken into consideration that a certain
amount of oxygen and combustion air must be brough-t into
contact with the coal-water-slurry.
The rat;o between volume of oxygen and volume of coal-water-
slurry lies between 5 and 15. l~here combustion air is applied
the ratio is 25 to 75.
A burner of a magnitude depicted in ~i~,2 wi-th a capacity
of between 5,000 m3/h and 15.000 m3/h results in a oxygen
velocity between 50 m/sec and 150 m/sec. which depends on
the volume ratio, the diamete~ ratio and the ra-tio of ~he
outlet openings ol the pipes. The calculations are based
on a diameter of pipe 21 which equals 1/2 -to 2 times
the diameter of the outlet opening 30.
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The velocity of -the coal-water slurry is relatively low.
The slurry moves through the space between -the pipes 20
and 21 at a flow rate of l~/sec. to 2m/sec. Due to the
much hlgher velocity of the oxygen stream and combustion
air stream, the particles of the slurry, when entering
the mouthpiece, are picked up by the air current and
dragged along. A-t -the same time the particles are subjected
to the whirling motion of the oxygen stream. This results
in the fact tha-t the combustion material leaves in its
entirety the burner in a whirling motion and mo~es along
a spiral path through the reaction uni-t. The spiral pa-th
however is much longer than a straigt path which would
run exactly through the uni-t in longitudinal direction. The
combus-tion material has therefore a much longer dwelling
time in -the reaction unit resulting in a much bet-ter
burn-out.
As shown in Figs. 3-~, provisions have been made to be
able to vary the incline of the webs so that the webs may
be adjusted to different circumstances and variations in
the turbulence in order to achieve a di~ferent degree of
burn-out. The adjustable webs are indicated by tne number
40. These webs are metal plates. They are inclined and
run along a spiral path on the inner wall of the pipe.
The plates may be cut out of sheet metal in the shape of
semi circles and pulled in-to the desired spiral shape. They
could also be cut out of a longitudinal sheet and be bent
into the desired spiral shape. ~ith re~ard to the plates 40
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this is facilita-ted by slo-ts 41 indicated in dotted lines,
These slots are diagonal to the longitudinal directio-n of
~he plate and are placed at random. Equal distribu-tion
would be more suitable. Depending on the width of the
plate 40 and t'ne dep-th of the slot 41, one singular slot 41
could be sufficient -to give -the desired flexibility to the
plate. The slots are accomplished by drilling a hole in
the end of the slot and cutting by means o~ a saw -thro~gh
the plate 40 towards the hole. Plates 40 being construc`ted
of resilient steel this process has to be completed prior
to the heattreatment required for this material.
It is not necessary tha-t the edges wi-th their entire length
touch the in~er wall of the pipe for a per~ect fit. Deviations
have no adverse e~fec-t. I-t does not matter whether Plates 41
are inclined di~ferently ~rom each other. The plates 40
do not even have to touch the wall.
Important is however, how they are sup~orted. Preferably
they should be fastened at the upper and lower edge. At
the upper end the plates 40 are provided with lashes 42
which are bevelled and by means of which they hool~ into
the recesses 43. These recesses 43 are located in a sleeve
44 fitted inside a pipe 45. The pipe 45 iS identical wi-th
pipe 21 with the ex~ception of the sleeve 44. In the case
of cast pipes, these sleeves can be cast toge-ther wi-th
the pipe 45. Otherwise a ring is welded on. The welded-on
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rin~ perr~i-ts a sirnple construction of -the recesses 43.
The recesses i-n this case can easily be milled into the
ring prior to the welding process. Instead of milling,
the recesses may also be drilled in or sawed in~ in which
case the ring is sawed open up to -the borehole.
At the lower end 46, the plates rest in a nu-t of a eye-nu-t 47.
The eye-nut 47 rests in a section o~ the pipe 4~ which has
been provided with an internal t'nreading. Since there is
not much wear and tear -to be expected arisin~ fro~ the
combus-tion material passing through, the inner -threading
of pipe L~5, indicated as 48, can be left uncovered. I~ the
need arises, it can be covered up. This can be acco~plished
by means of a sleeve 4~ for eye nut 47~ indicated in a
do~tted line on the drawings. Between sleeve 49 and the
internal threadîn~ 4~ is therefore just enough tolerance
to allow for axial moveMen-t of the eye nut.
Adjustment of the eye nut in axial direction causes a change
in the distance to the sleeve in the pipe 4~. The plates 40
adjus-t themselves to this change in that -they slide with
their ends 46 in radial direction into the nut 50 of -the
eye nut 47. This causes a different inclination of the plates
which are held with their upper ends in the recesses 43 o~
the sleeve 44. Outward movement of plates 40 in radial
direction is restricted by the pupe 45 and by the eye nut 47
respectively. ~o a~ditional restriction with regard to inward
movement is necessary if an aerodynamic body 31 i$ present. 6
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since at least the aerodynamical body 31 prevents the plates
from sliding out of the eye-nu-t 47 or from slipping ou-t of
-the recesses 43, and since a change in the arranrgement of
-the pla-tes 40 in radial direction within the space bet~Neen
pipe 45 and the aerodynamical body 31 represents no danger.
~here a pipe 45 is used withou-t -the aerodynamical body 31,
slipping-out of the plates 40 is prevented by closin~-off
recesses 43 in radial direction and by means of a lash and
nut arranged at the lower end of the plates. Closing-off
of recess 43 can be accomplished by means of a ring 51
which is indicated in the drawings in Fig.3 with a dotted
line, and which is welded to the sleeve 44 or secured ih
another way. The additional lash at the lower end 46 is
indicated by number 53 and is sho~,~n in a dotted line,
Furthermore is also the eye nut 54 belonging to the lash
running in circumferantial direction indicated by a dotted
line. The eye nut is located in the lower supporting plate
at the end of the plate 46. The eye nut 54 does not interfere
with the escape movemen-t of plates 40 in the event of an
adjustment of eye nut 47~
Eye nut 47 is adjusted by means o~ a special key which
in-terlocks with bolts in boreholes 52 of eye nut 47. The
boreholes 52 are equally distributed and arranged within
the eye nut 47. IrJhen the adjustment ha- been made, the eye
nu-t 47 is arrested by means of a lock nut 55. The lock nut 55
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comprises a number of equally distributed boreholes 52
in the same manner as eye nut 47. All boreholes should
be constructed alike in order to complement each other
despite the fact that nut 47 and nu-t 55 have different
diameters, so that the same key may be used for both
nuts. The spacing between the bol-ts in the key complement
the recesses in the boreholes.
Where the eye nut 47 is provided with a protective sleeve 49
to protect the internal threading 48 in pipe 45, the eye nut
is likewise provided with such a protective sleeve (not
shown) e~tending downwards.
The plates 40 are arranged in such a manner that the deforma-
tion that is caused by an adjustmen-t will occur in the
flexible area. This will ensure that the plate re-turns
to i-ts original shape af-ter the re-adjustment~ Furthermore,
deformations which do not return into their normal shape
have no harmful effect as long as the ends 46 of the plate 40
are pressed against the eye nut 47 by the combus-tion air
during operation of the unit. At the upper end, the plates
are held in place in that the lashes are provided with bent
edges which inside the aperture interlock with a protrusion
provided in said aperture. The aperture 43 is subsequently,
as shown in Fig. 4 of angular cross section. The plates 40
are li~ewise by ~eans of bent edges secured in an aperture
created by a borehole, where the diameter of the borehole
~5~&3l3
is larger than the slot subsequently leading to -the
borehole.
In accordance with ~igs. ~, and 7, a pipe 45 is replaced
by a pipe 60. The cross section of` these webs is round.
They are cons-tructed from wire and the ends are both turned
back. They are adjustable and provide the necessary twist.
Similar to webs 40, webs ~1 are held at the lower end by
an eye nut 47 and adjus-ted. ~or this purpose the webs
are bent at the lower end which interloc~s with the eye
nut ~4.
~t -the upper end the webs are provided with radial hool~s
which interlock with corresponding blind-end bores 62 in
pipe 60. The blind~end-bores 62 are located diametrically
on the inner wall i~e. at points which correspond with
the aper-tures 43.
The adjustment of the webs 40 and 61 ~rom the lower end
of the pipe 45 and 60 requires either the dismantlin~
of these pipes or is made from the inside o~ -the reaction
uni-t if the unit is not in operation.
If the top of the turbulence burner has slightly cooled
down and the -thermal stress of the adjustment device has
been increased, adjustments may also be made from top -to
bottom. The adjustment device is in this connection composed
of the eye nut 47, the lock nut 55, and of the internal
threading 48. The webs are then secured at the lower end
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and are ad,justed at the upper end by correspondingly
reversing the arrangement of the eye nut and locX nut.
~e~ersed arrangement rneans in this case arrangement of
-the eye nut and lock nut and of -the associated interior
threading above the inner ring ~4 or the blind-end~bore 62.
Fig~ 8 shows a cross section of a -turbulence burner
permitting adjustment while in operation.
In -the example of this turbulence burner, the outer pipe 70
corresponds -to the outer pipe 20. This pipe 70 is provided
on its upper surface with a centrical flange 71 ~urthermore,
the pipe 70 possesses at its upper end at the side a
connection flange 72 for the supply of the coal-water-
slurry. The centrical flange 71 is for motm-ting purposes
constructed as a removable lid. It has a centrical opening
in which a pipe is ~i-tted, slidingly, sealingly and rotatabl~.
For adjustment purposes the pipe is provided with an outside
screw-thread 74. The outside screw--thread 7L~ corresponds
to an inside screw-thread of the flange 71. Pipe 73 slides
into pipe 70 which is wider and which in turn is centrically
located inside pipe 75. Pipes 73 and 75 form a pipe which
corresponds to inner pipe 20. It consists however of several
sections which can be telescopically put -together, and its
lower part corresponds to some degree to the lower end of
pipe 21. Compared to pipe 21, the difference lies in the
fact that pipe 75 is by means of centering pins 28 at the
same time sec~red to a ledge 76, located in pipe 70. Upwardly
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a lock could be provided by means of a removable spring
or circlips. The rings are inserted in a nut loca-tecl above
the cen-terin pins 28 in the pipe 70 and prevent the pipe 7
from moving upwards in frictional touch together wi-th
pipe 73. Circlips are particularly well suited for this
process. These special clamps reach into the boreholes of
the circlips so that these rings which are provided wi-th
wide slots ~lay easily be compressed and inserted into the
pipe 70 and subsequently easily be taken out of this pipe 70.
The pipe 70 encloses at the same time movable webs which
are indicated as number 77. In this case these are two
webs which are arranged between the pipe 73 and a ledge 78
of pipe 7~. The webs are positioned in the same manner as
webs 40 and 61, The same as webs ~0 webs 77 consist of
metal sheets and are of rec~tangular cross section. In order
to reduce the current loss caused by the attachment of the
webs 77, the webs 77 ara at their ou-ter edges covered
merely by a few mm by the pipe 73 and by the led~e 78.
This is tantamount to a relativel~ small diameter if the
pipe 73 has a normal cross section. This does not exclude
the use of other cross sectional thicknesses in o-ther
areas of pipe 73, in particular opposite of the connection
flan~e 73.
The particular shape of the webs 77 simplifies the con-
struction of the -turbulence burner throug'n the use of
movable webs and imparts even without the use of the
aerod~namic bod~ 31 sufficient su?port . The particular
~ iLv~&3~ -
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The particular shape of the webs 77 is charac-terized in
that they in accordance wi-th ~ig. 8 of the drawings look
like spirals and according -to ~ have only a cross-
section of half spirals. The webs 77 arc along the inner
wall of -the pipe as do the other webs, 40 and 61 . The
upper end and the lower end comprise a lash 79 which
extends alon~ a semi circle. Fig. 9 shows the two webs
opposi-te from each other in a plan view. Figs. 10 and 11
show details of a web 77 in 2. plan view. According to
this, a lash 79 is provided at the upper end 80 of the
web 77 shown in ~ig. 9 below line ~1. In accordance with
Fig, 10, this lash points to the right, but according to
Fig. 9 it points to the left due -to the fact that is has
been bent. At the lower end 82 of the associated web 77
there is a lash provided which runs t;o the lef't, which
is also sho~ in ~ig. 11, The two upper lashes 79
of the two webs combine to a rlng. In the same manner,
-the two lower lashes of the two webs 77 form a ring. Both
webs are then held by the upper ring and by the lower ring
of lashes 79. If the pipe 73 has been moved in axial direction,
the ends of the webs must be adjusted to the new distance.
This adjustment is made by turning the rings.
As described above, the two webs 77 and the associated
lashes 79, when seen from the top, form semi circular elements
as shown in ~ig. 9. In the event -that more than two webs shall
be used, the webs would together with their associated lashes
form segments, the segments, however, would no longer extend
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over 130 but over 120. If e~en more webs were considered,
the sector angle would seen from a top view decrease accordi-ngly.
In Fig. 12 the locking device is shol~m which is necessary to
adjust pipe 73. It is thereby assumed that the pipe 7
leadin~ to pipe 73 for oxygen and combus-tion air is a flexible
pipe in order -to be able -to follow the longi-tudinal movement
of pipe 73.
The pipe 7 is provided at its end with a flange 90 located
opposite flange 91 associated with pipe 73. Between these
two flanges 90 and 91 -there is provided a sliding disc
cornprising an opening ~or the oxygen and the combustion air
respectively? flowing from pipe 7 into pipe 73. Both flanges
90 and 91 are enclosed by housing half members 93 and 94
consisting of several sections.
The housing half members 93 and 94 are tightly connected to
each other, i.e. they are tightly screwed together. The
sectional structure of the housing half mernbers serves the
purpose of assembling on-to pipe 7 and flange 91 respec-tively.
The housing half members 93 and 94 contain sealing devices
95 and 9~ which secure the tight sealing between pipe 7
and housing half member 93 respectively.
~3
3 3 6
The ~exa,gonal '~7 located between ~lang,e 91 and -the end of
the pipe, is provided for adjustment purposes. The pipe 73
located on the Hexagonal 91 can be adjusted by means of
conventional fixed spanners.
In ~ig. 13, a turbulence burner is shown comprising a
centrlcal supply pipe for the coal-wa-ter-slurry. The
centrical pipe is ~or~ed by pipe 100. The pipe 100 is
provided with guide plates 101 whlch guide the coal-water-
slurry inside the pipe along a s-traight line. The pipe
100 encloses a further pipe 102 which serves as supply
pipe for a pilot burner 103. The pilot burner 103 is in
the example constructed as a gas burner.
If the coal-wa-ter-slurry is supplied centrically, the
oxygen and combustion air is in con-trast to the iurbulence
burners shown in ~igs. 2~12, supplied via pipe 104 which
concentrically encloses the supply pipe for the coal-water-
slurry. The supply pipe 104 is ~ormed by pipe 100 and
pipe 105 plus by one pipe which concentrically encloses
pipe 100. The supply for the pipe 104 is the same as for
pipe 70. The supply ~or the coal-water-slurry pipe is
the same as the one for pipe 73.
Guide pla-tes 106 are arranged in the supply line 104.
The guide plates are rotatably mounted on bolts 107
which extend through the outer pipe 105 and are in turn
~1~3~6
themselves rotatably mounted. If the guide plates 106
are properly secured -to the bolts 107, the guide
plates will be activated as soon as the bolts are
turned. In the example, the bolts are moved by hand.
The bolts are secured in -their individual position
by means of a rod 108. The rod is movably arranged on the
outer pipe 105. It could in co-operation with a number
of bolts and a number of boreholes protruding through
the outer pipe 105 be used to restrict the movement
of the bolts.
Depending on their posi-tio-n, the guide plates 106
activate a whirl movement in the flow stream of the
combustion air and of -the oxygen respectively.
