Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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This invention relates to an electronic musical
instrument using novel techniques which contribute to en~
abling a major part of a musical sound generating section
to be implemented by digital circuitry.
Analog technology has predominantly been used in the
field of electronic musical instruments such as electronic
organs, electronic pianos and musical synthesi~ers, but
with recent developments i.n digital technolo~y, the latter
has also been used to some extent in such applications.
To render practicable more extensive use of digital
technology, it i5 necessary to fabricate a major portion
(such as musical sound wave formation unit, a scale period
ormation unit, or a unit for forming a curve tracing posi-
tive and negative going amplitudes) o-f the music sound
producing stage of an electronic musical instrument as a
large scale digital integrated circuit (LSIj. It is be-
lieved that hitherto no electronic musical instrument of
simple construction, resulting from a full application of
digital technology to the musical instrumen~ construction,
has successfully been developed.
In electronic musical instruments, the formation of
various musical sound wave forms is of great importance
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for producing musical sounds having varying timbre. Many
proposals Eor desig~ating the musical sound waves have been
made. In one such proposal, sine waves ranging rom a fun-
damental wave to higher harmonics of given orders are
stored in a plurality of memories in the form of digital
signals representing the amplitudes of the waves. When a
musical sound is designated, sine waves of the appropriate
orders are selectively and simultaneously read out and
then those sine waves read out are synthesized to form a
specified musical sound waveform. Another proposal uses
permanently stored digital signals representing fundamen-
tal waves such as a triangle wave, a sine wave, a rectan-
gular wave and a sawtooth wave in a waveform memory unit.
An additional proposal is to store permanently in a fixed
memory signal representing, in digital or analog form,
specific musical sound waveforms.
In order to obtain an artificial musical sound wave
fairly similar to the original natural musical sound which
it simulates, not only an analogous musical sound waveform
must be used but also a volume envelope including factors
such as amplitude increases and decreases must be super-
posed on the musical sound waveform. However, we are
aware of no proposals to date to effectively superpose a~
volume envelope on the sound waveform by digital technology.
Conventionally, superposition of the volume envelope has
been made by analo~ technology or by using a complex
control circuit. Thus, a musical sound wave formation
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technique using digital technology, which is well adapted
for LSI fabrication, has we believe not yet been estab-
lished in this fieId. A waveform dependent on a frequency
spectrum (usually, a harmonic structure) and a volume
envelope characterized b~ a waveform amplitude increase
or attack, and a waveformamp~itude decrease correspondiny
to decay or damping are generally major factors in deter-
mining the timbre of a musical sound produced by a natural
musical instrument. The timbre peculiar to the natural
musical instrument is however greatl~ influenced by vari-
ous other factors, for example, time variation of the
harmonic structure such as the delay of higher harmonic
components observed in the production of sound by brass
instruments. 5ubtle fluctuation of higher harmonics/ noise
superposition occurring during plucking of strings, and
rapid disappearance of higher harmonics during damping
are other features which occur in some ~atural musical
sounds. Therefore, time varia~ion of the harmonic struc-
ture must be taken into conslderation, in addition to the
waveforms and the volume envelope, in order to eliminate
a dull or brash sound characteristic often produced by
electronic musical instruments and to obtain a natural
feel to the electronic musical sound.
In a conventional electronic musical instrument, for
example, an electronic organ, the harmonic structure is not
changed for every sound and a volume enveIope is mereIy
superposed on the simple musical sound waves~ In another
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example, the musical sounds of pianos or cembalos are pre-
determined, the musical sound wave produced being a sinyle
preset waveform. A synthesizer, which is a single sound
instrument, changes a filtering frequency band with time
through an analog filtering operation by using a voltage
controlled filter (VCF) or the like. The change direction
of the frequency band is relatively simple~ for example,
"low frequency to high frequency'l or "high frequency to
low frequency". Accordingly, additional sound effect units
are further needed to secure a more natural feeling sound.
A synthesizerof the type enabling chord performance needs
a filter and a sound effect means for each performance key.
This leads to complexity and bulk of the circuit construc-
tion of the musical sound instrument, and expensiveness in
manufacture.
A conventional electronic musical instrument employs
analog technology to achieve time variation of the higher
harmonic structure. Direct application of such technology
to chord performance involves the solution of many problems.
Thus, the present state of this art has not provided a
satisfactory musical sound wave formation by the digital
technology suitable for the LSI and with the harmonic
structure being time variable for each sound.
Considering now the formation of notes in a scale,
in conventional eIectronic musical instruments, the sound
source frequencies corresponding to performance keys are
determined on the basis of a temperament scale. A fre
quency dividing sound source system is generally used for
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the formation of the sound source frequencies. In such a
system, a reference clock frequency is frequency divided
by multiple stage frequency dividing circuit~. The res-
pective sound source frequencies are formed by selecting
proper combinations of the frequency division ratios among
the frequency dividing circuits. A desired waveform is
read out from a musical sound wave memory, for examplej by
the sound source fre~uency corresponding to an actuated
performance key. A conventional electronic musical instru-
ment is designed mainly for generation of single notes.The production of chords by simultaneous actuation of
plural perfor~ance keys requires scale period control cir-
cuits ~or each performanc~ key so as to enable parallel
processing. This results in a considerable increase in
circuit complexity. A modification is conceivahle in
which a single scale period control circuit is used in
common for a number of performance keys, in a time division
fashion. In this case, since the resolution is l/n for n
performance keys, one time unit of processing control is
available for n time units of operation of a performance
key. When a note is selected by each performance key and
a musical sound is produced, the circuit construction
required is considerably complicated. Hitherto, there has
been no practical scale generation apparatus using digital
technology which is simple in construction and well suited
for chord performance. This is also true of a digital pro-
cessing system permitting chord performance by plural key
actuation and the time division dynamic processing
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required in such a case.
~ oreover, if a time sharing process is applied to
an electronic musical instrument for frequency dividing a
fundamental clock to produce a clock for address designat-
ing a sample point of a waveform and for reading out amusical sound wave by the clock, the clock becomes l/n
times the accuracy of the fundamental clock, thus involving
a lowering in accuracy of the musical scale. That is,
there is the disadvantagP that a minimum clock unit for
address designation of a sound wave will be a cycle n-times
the fundamental clock period. For this reason, generation
of a musical tone in a higher range poses a frequency
accuracy problem.
According to the invention, there is provided an
electronic musical instrument capable of producing a maxi-
mum of n musical notes by an n-channel time sharing process
in which time is divided into slots of which every n-th
slot is allotted to a particular channel, each note having
a waveform constituted of a plurality of waveform blocks
each having a predetermined sample value, the instr~ent
comprising channel assigning means for assigning channels
to individual notes to be generated simultaneously; wave
generating means for sequentially generating said sample
values of the waveform of each note assigned to a time
~5 channel whereby sample values for an assigned note are
generated at intervals equal to the duration of a number of
time slots; delay means for delaying said sample values by
periods equal to a designated numbers of time slots; and
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means for applying the individual sample values to said
delay means and designating the number of time slots by
which each of said sample values is to be delayed by said
delay means, whereby said sample values for a particular
note arrive at the output of delay means in time slots
corresponding to the assigned channels.
With the above arrangement, the accuracy of a musi-
cal note of a musical sound wave outputted can be determined
with a resolution equal to that of a master clock (i.e. a
clock for determining a single time slot duration) in a
time sharing process, in spite of the fact that the musical
sound wave is produced by a time sharing process involving
more than one channel. It is therefore possible to obtain
a musical sound wave of better accuracy.
Preferably the instrument further comprises a period
counting means for counting one cycle of the musical sound
waveform by a plurality of counting steps; address desig-
nating means coupled to said period counting means for desig-
nating addresses of successive waveform blocks forming said
musical sound waveform, each block address including one or
more counting steps; and a musical sound wave designating
means for designating the sample value of the musical sound
wave in each of said block addresses designated by said
address designating means.
Preferably, the delay means comprises a shift regis-
ter arrangement for shifting said sample values one per time
slot and means for applying the individual sample values to
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appropriate stages of the shift register arrangement to addsaid individual sample values to any value already present.
Preferably also, said sample values,are differential
values and the instrument further includes accummulating
means for accummulating said differential values which have
been delayed by said delay means.
Further features of the invention will be apparent
from the following detailed description when taken in con-
junction with the accompanying drawings, in which~
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical
instrument incorporating the invention;
Fig. 2 is a graph for explaining an envelope mode
used in the instrument shown in Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a graph for explaining the basical opera-
tion of the instrument shown in Fig. 1 for designating amusical sound wave;
Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C show relative changes in musical
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sound waves according to a value of an envelope coefficient;
Figs. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E and 5F show logical symbols
used in the embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 6 is a diagram or showing relati~e positions
of Figs. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D;
Figs. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D show a circuit diagram of an
actual circuit arrangement of a major part of the instru-
ment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is a timing chart showing timings of selected
output states in accordance with a scale relating to the
state of a block address shown in Figs. 7A and 7B;
Fig. 9 is a timing chart showing timings of addi-
tional timing outputs of respective octaves relating to
the operation of the synchronizing register shown in Fig.
7A;
Fig. 10 illustrates the relationship in a preferred
embodiment of the inventi.on between the number of steps
and the scales shown in Figs. 7A and 7B;
Figs. ll(A), ll(B) and ll(C) are timing charts for
explaining the waveform period of the respective scales
used in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 12 is a block circuit diagram showing the de-
tailed construction of a shift memory shown in Fig. 7C and
used in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 13 shows various types of volume envelopes used;
Fig. 14 is a repreb~ntation showing contents of
instructions for combining volume curves defined by a and
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Fig. 15 is a musical sound wave defined by block
addresses designated by a and ~;
Fig. 16 shows a waveform program designating section
of Fig. 7A;
Fig. 17 represents output addition values used in
the circuitry shown in Fig. 7C;
Fig. 18 is a time chart showing the operation of a
counter for counting the number of cycles of Fig. 7A;
Fig. 19 shows a basic relationship between the num-
ber of cycles and a value of duty o~ Fig. 7B;
Fig. ~0 shows states oE designating modes a and
of a period;
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of ~ pcrio~;
Fig. 21 is a representation for explaining an
operation of the instrument of this invention in detail
with respect to the mode and the ~ mode;
Figs. 22, 23 and 2~ show waveforms for representing
the operation of tremolo control of the invention;
Figs. 25(A) and 25(B) show waveforms for representing
the operation of tremolo control of a plucked string;
Fig. 26 is a diagram ~or showing relative positions
o~ Figs. 27A and 27B;
Figs. 27A and 27B show a circuit diagram of one
example of a concrete control section for controlling
the circuitry shown in Figs. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D;
Figs. 28A and 28B show a time chart representing
the operation relatin~ to duet, quartet and the like
with respect of the circuit shown in Fig. 27A;
Figs. 29A and 29B is a time chart showing the
relation between input timing of performance keys and
a synchronizing signal;
Fig. 30 shows an operation of a time clock
selection based upon a variety of clock time generating
circuit;
Fig. 31 is a time chart for explaining the
operation of vibrato control of the invention;
Fig. 32 shows graphs of volume envelopes
representing variations with respect to lapse of time
at a time of the attack;
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Fig. 33 shows variations of volume envelopes with
respect to lapse of time at the time of decay; and
Fig. 34 shows change of volume with respect to lapse
of time at the reIease operation.
The principle of an electronic musical instrument
according to the invention will first be given with refer-
ence to Fig. 1 illustrating, by way of a block diagram, an
overall system of the instrument.
In the figure, a pitch input code register 1 stores
pitch input codes correspondingly generated upon depres-
sions of performance keys (not shown) of 48 pitch keys,
for example, permitting a basic compass of four octaves
each having a scale of 12 notes. The pitch input code
loaded in the register 1 is applied to a scale period set-
ting circuit 2 to control a scale clock frequency. Uponreceipt of the pitch input code, the setting circuit 2
produces a scale clock fre~uency signal corresponding to
the pitch input code applied, which in turn is applied
as a count signal -to a waveform period counting circuit
3 which counts the period of a basic one cycle of a
musical sound waveform in plural counting steps. A
binary counter is preferable for the period counting
circuit 3. The period counter 3 used in this example
is constructed by 8 bits each weighted by "l", "2"/ "4",
"8", "16", "32", "64" and "128", and can count "256" of
decimal numbers from "0"- to "255". The use of such a
counter permits a basic one cycle of the musical sound
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wave to be expressed by 256 counting steps corresponding
to the counts of the scale of 256. The counting steps
of "256" are grouped together into _ blocks each
including one or more count steps. In this example,
m = 16, that is to say~ one cycle of the musical sound
is divided into 16 blocks. And each block is expressed
by "16" counting steps (corresponding to "O" to "15" o~
decimal numbers). The counts of the period counting
circuit 3, which are represented by 4 bits binary codes
having weights of "16", "32", "64" and "128", may be
assigned to "16" blocks arranged in time, addresses of
the blocks, as shown in Table 1
Table 1
Counts of Period Block Counts of Period Block
Counting Circuit Addresses Counting Circuit Addresses
16 32 6~ 128 16 32 64 128
O O O O O O O O 1 8
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 :0 1 9
O 1 0 0 2 O 1 0 1 10
1 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 1 11
. O O 1 0 4 O O 1 1 12
1 0 1 0 5 1 0 1 1 13
O 1 1 0 6 O 1 1 1 14
1 1 1 0 - 7 1 1 1 1 15
The 8-bit outputs from the respective stages of
the period counting circuit 3 are applied to the scale
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period setting circuit 2 to control the frequency of
the scale clock frequency signal corresponding to the
pitch input code as will be described later~ The upper
four bits (the weights "16", "32", "64" and "128") of
the period counting circuit 3 are applied as a block
address signal of the 16 blocks to a waveform program
designation section 5 for each block, through a decoder
4. The waveform program designation section 5 is repre-
sented by "0" to "15" of one cycle or a musical sound
waveform. A changing amount (the absolute value of
"0", "1", "2" or "4" in this example) of the amplitude
of a positive going or a negative going waveform at
each block address is expressed by a numeral with a
sign +(up) or -(down) attached thereto. The changing
amount (differential value) of the amplitude is called
a differential coefficient. Signals representing a
differential coefficient and "~" or "-" which are
designated for each block address by the waveform
program designation section 5 are sequentially outputted
in synchronism with a block address signal transferred
from the decoder 4, for transmission to multiplying
circuit 6. The multiplying circuit 6 is supplied with
a control amount (counts of the counter) from a volume
curve forming counter 7 (referred to as an envelope
counter 7) for digitally performing a volume control
to increase or decrease a performance volume with the
lapse of time from the depression of a performance
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key. Thus, the multiplying circuit 6 multiplies the
differential coefficient from the waveform program
designation section 5 by the control amount in
accordance with the designation of ~ l or "-" and in
synchronism with the block address. The envelope
counter 7 counts up or down a designation clock (called
as an envelope clock), along a volume control curve
including attack, decay and release sections to be
described later, in accordance with a selected one of
various volume curve modes ~referred to as envelopes)~
to also be described later. The counts of the envelope
counter 7 is integer values from 1-0ll to "31" and are
each called as an envelope coefficient (represented by
E). An example of the envelope mode is illustrated in
Fig. 2.
The differential coefficient previously designated
every block address by the waveform program designation
section S is represented by an integer times of the
corresponding envelope coefficient E shown in Fig. 2,
which is affixed by symbols ~1+11 or 11_11. It is for
this reason that the multiplying circuit 6 executes
the + operation or the - operation (differential
coefficient x envelope coefficient E). An example
of it is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 3. As
shown, there is illustrated a relation of the envelope
coefficient value E to the differential values of the
blocks at the block addresses -0-l to "15" during one
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period of the musical sound waveform. The variations
of the relative magnitudes of the musical sound wave-
~orms including volume control values at the time
points where the envelope coefficient values E in
the envelope mode shown in Fig. 2 is "5", "10", "20"
and "30", accordingly become as shown in Figs. 4A,
4B and 4C. These time points correspond to the points
indicated by symbols x in Fig. 2. The relative
variation of the musical sound waveform of course,
changes successively with the envelope coefficient
value E also changing with time. In this example,
only in the block address "0", no designation of the
differential coefficient, "+" and "-" is carried out
and the relative variation of the musical sound waveform
is always zero.
The output signal of the multiplying circuit 6 is
applied to one of the input sides of an adder 8 of which
the output signal i5 fed back to the other input side
of the adder 8, through an accumulator 9. With this
circuit connection, a variation amount which is the
multiplier output value of the present block is
accumulated to the multiplier output value of the
preceding block. The musical sound waveforms shown
in Fig. 3 and FigsO 4A, 4B and 4C are taken out of the
accumulator 9. The output signal of the accumulator 9
i5 applied through a digital to analog (D-A) converter
10 to a loudspeaker 11 which in turn sounds with the
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pitch corresponding to the performance key operated.
Before entering the detailed description of the
present invention, logic symbols used in the description
of the invention to be described hereinafter will first
S be presented in Figs. SA r 5B, 5C, 5D and 5E where
logical formulas, truth value tables~ general logic
symbols and combined circuits are illustrated. Note
here that inverter symbols attached to input lines of
OR gates and AND gates are effective only for the gates
with such symbols attached thereto. For further details
of this, reference is made to the combined circuits in
the respective drawings related.
Fig~ 6 shows an overall arrangement of the drawings
of Figs. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D. In Fig. 7A, a scale code
register designated by a reference numeraI 20 has input
terminals of 4 bits ("1", "2", "4", ~"8" weights) and
8 line memories permitting 4 bits to shift in parallel
in an arrow direction. An octave code register 21 has
input terminals of 2 bits ("1" and "2" weights)and 8 line
memories permitting 2 bits to shift in parallel in an
arrow direction~ Those registers store scale input
codes and octave input codes delivered from performance
keys actuated. More specifically, in synchronism with
the generation of an input instructing signal relating
to the actuation of a performance key to be described
later, the corresponding scale input code and octave
input code are inputted to the scale code register 20
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and the octave code register 21, through AND gates 22 to
27, OR gates 28-1 to 28-4 and OR gates 29 and 30. The
scale code and the octave code (referred to as a pitch
code) are shifted successively andin parallel in anarrow
direction in response to a shift pulse ~0 (a basic clock
o.- the present system). After 8~0 shift time lapse,
those codes are returned to the corresponding registers
through inhibit gates 31-1 to 31-4 and 32 and 33. In
this manner, those codes are subject~d to a ~so-called
dynamic shift operation. In synchronism with a new
input indication signal, those inhibit gates 31-1 to
31~4 and 32 to 33 are closed so that the pitch codes
stored in the respective registers 20 and 21 are erased.
As described above, the scale code register 20
and the octave code register 21 have each 8 line
memories. Accordingly, if 8 different performance
keys are simultaneously depressed, these registers
accept the corresponding scale input codes and octave
input codes at proper timings in synchronism with the
input instructing signal and permit the dynamic shift
recirculation of those codes. That is to say, eight
sounds are controlled in a time-division manner. The
scale code and octave code in the present system are
shown in Tables 2 and 3.
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Table 2 Table 3
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Name of Scale Scale code Octave Order Octave Code
~ 4 2 1 ~ 1
C 1 1 1 1 l O O
B 1 1 1 0 2
A# 1 0 1 1 03 1 0
A 1 0 1 0 04
G# 1 0 0
G 1 0 0 0
F# O
F 0 1 1 0
E 0 0
D# O O 1 0
D Q 0 0
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A period counting register 34 period-counts one~
cycle of a musical sound wave in accordance with the
pitch codes recirculatingly stored~in the registers 20
and 21. ~ike the registers 20 and 21, the period
counting register 34 is provided with 8 line memories
for effecting successive dynamic shifting by a shift
pulse ~0 in an arrow direction. The register 34 is
comprised of a block counting register 34-1, a
synchronizing counting regLster (TC register) 34-2 and
a cycle number register 34-3. In order to divlde one
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cycle of a musical sound wave into "16" blocks with time
lapse, the register 34-1 is of 4-bit, hexadecimal type
(corresponding to the block addresses of "16" blocks from
"0" to "15" shown in Table 1) for storing the addresses
5 of each block. The synchroni?~ing counting register (TC
register) 34-2 is of 4-bit, hexadecimal type for control-
ling the number of counting steps for each block as will
be described in detail for producing a summing timing
signal to instruct the block counting. The cycle number
10 register 34-3 is of 3-bit, octal type which operates
every cycle of the block counting register 34-1. The
counting contents of each line memory generated from
each output of the cycle number register 34-3 passes
directly through the waveform program designation unit
15 35 for each block to be described later and is
recirculatingly held in an adder 36 shown in Fig. 7B
through the recirculation gates such as the inhibit
gates 37-1 to 37-7. In the recirculating cycle, the
adder 36 which is operated in binary mode is subjected
20 to "+1" step of counting at the adding timing signal
generation mentioned above. The 4-bit output ("1", "2",
"4" and "8" weights) (see Fig. 8~a)) is applied to a
block state detecting circuit 38 for detecting a
specified block address in the hlock addresses of "16".
25 The circuit 38 produces from the output (~ a "~ " block
address signal shown in Fig. 8B, and Erom the outputs
(~), ~), (~) and (~) output signals shown in Fig. g(c)
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are obtained. The output signals ~ to (~ are applied
to a scale s~ep matrix circuit 39 for determining a step
correction number for each scale to be referred to
later. The output signal from the output (~) is a
5 (~) block address signal under a condition "1, 2, 4, 8"
in which weights "1", '2", 1141 and "8" are all "O", with
a series connection of an inverted AND gate 38-1, and
inhibit gates 38-2 and 38-3. The output signal from the
output (~) is directly taken out from the circuit 38 and
10 is an odd number block address signal. The output (~3
provides "2'1, "6", "10" and "14" bloc3c address signals
through an inhibit gate 38-4 with a condition "1-2" in
which the weight "1" is "O" and the weight "2" is "1".
The output (~) provides "4" and "12" block address
15 signals, with a series connection of inhibit gates 38-5
and 38-6 for satisfying a condition "4-2-1" in which
the weight "4" is "1" and the weights "2" and "1" are
both "O". The output (3 provides an "8" block address
signal, with a series connection inhibit gates 38-7 to
~0 38-9 for satisfying a condition "8-4-2-l" in which the
weight "8" is "1" and the weigh.s "4", "2" and "1"
are "O".
The outputs of 4 bits of the synchronizing
counting register (TC register) 34-3 is coupled with
25 the input of an adder 40. The respective 5-bit outputs
of the adder 40 are coupled with a subtracter 41, The
4-bit outputs of the subtracter 41 are returned to the
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corresponding inputs, through recirculating control
gates such as inhibit gates 42-1 to 42-4. The outputs
of the synchronizing counting register 34-2 are coupled
with the addition timing generator 43 which produces
the addition timing signal to the adder 36 in accordance
with the respective octaves. The three bits outputs
of "1", "2" and "4" weights o~ the register 34-2 are
applied to a weight shift circuit 44. Applied to the
addition timing generating circuit 43 and the weight
shift circuit 44 are the output signals of an octave
code decoder 45 which produces first to fourth octave
signals (l to 04) depending on the state of 2-bit
output outputted from the octave code register 21.
Specifically, an inver-ted AND gate 45-1 of the octave
code decoder 45 produces a first octave signal l when
detecting the code state shown in Table 3. Similarly,
the inhibit gate 45-2 produces a second octave signal
2; an inhibit gate 45-3 a third octave signal 03; an
AND gate 45-4 a fourth octave signal 04. As shown r the
octave signals l to 03 are supplied to ~ND gates 43-1
to 43-3; the octave signal 2 to an AND gate 44-1 of
the weight shift circuit 44; the octave signal 03 to
AND gates 44-2 to 44-3; the octave signal 04 to AND
gates 44-4 to 44-6. The output signal of "1'l, "2" and
"4" weights from the synchroni~ing counting register
34-2 are supplied to the AND gate 43-1 of the addition
timing generating circuit 43 r through OR gates 43-4
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and 43-5. The output signal of "2" and "4" derived
from the OR gate 43-4 is applied to the AND gate 43-2;
the output signal of "8" weight is coupled with the AND
gate 43-3. The outputs of those AND gates are coupled
with inhi~it gates 43-6 and 43-7 and an inverted AND
gate 43-8. The output signal of "8" weight is further
applied to the inverted AND gate 43-8. The output of
the inverted AND gate 43-8 is coupled with the inhibit
gate 43-7 of which the ou~put is connected in series to
the inhibit gate 43-6. The addition timing signal is
formed on the basis of the output of the inhibit gate
43-6. As seen from the drawing illustrating a counting
state (Fig, ~(a)) of the synchroni2ing counting register
34-2 in one line memory in Fig. 9, the output signals
shown in Fig. 9(b) outputted onto the output lines ~ ,
~ and ~ in the addition tlming generating circuit 43
are taken out as signals shown in Fig. 9(c) in synchro-
nism with the generation of the octave signals l to 04
from the octave code decoder 45. Specifically, it is
produced as the addition timing signal from -the addition
timing signal generator 43 only when the synchronizing
counting register 34-2 has "0" for the first octave
signal l~ only when it counts "0" and 'il" for the second
octave signal 02, only when it counts "0" to "7" for:the
third octave signal 03, and only when it counts ~io,. to
"7" for the fourth octave signal 04. The addit1on timing
signal thus obtained lS applied as an "~8" addition
JL 1 fi~255
- 24 -
command signal to the adder 40; it as a gate release
signal to AND gates 46-1 to 46-4; it as a "+1" addition
command signal to the adder 36 shown in Fig. 7B.
The octave signals l to 04 outputted from the
octave code decoder 4S are applied as "-1", "-2", "-4"
and "-8" command signals to the subtracter 41 shown
in Fig. 7B, through the addition timing generating
circuit 43. Accordingly, in a recirculating loop of
synchronizing counting register 34-2 ~ adder 40 ~
subtracter 41 ~ synchronizing counting register 34-2,
the adder 40 adds "+8" to the contents of the
synchronizing counting register 34-2, in synchronism
with the addition timing signal. Subtracted from the
result of the addition is a value "-1" from the octave
signal 1~ "-2" for the octave signal 2~ "~4" for the
octave signal 03 and "-8" for the octave signal 04) in
accordance with the octave signals 1~ 04~ Supplied to
the adder 40 is a step correction number corresponding
to the scale from the AND gates 46-1 to 46-4 which are
released in synchronism with the generation of the
addition timing signal from the scale step matri~ ;
circuit 39 in accordance with a block counting state
of the block counting register 34-1. That is, one
cycle of a musical sound wave is comprised of "16"
~5 blocks with respect to time and each block address is
comprised of clocks (more than eight times of a basic
clock period) which is eight times or more o~ the basic
- 7.5 -
clock ~0. A single basic clock ~0 corresponds to one step
of the musical sound wave and thereore each block address
has eight steps or more. When each of the "16" block
addresses of one cycle of the musical sound wave includes
8 steps and a total of 128 steps are included in one cycle,
the total step number corresponds to the highest pitch in
this system (actually, 130 steps correspond to the highest
pitch (C~) in this system, as seen from the description to
be given later~. By increasing the number of steps between
adjacent notes in an octave scale so as to be related by
12 ~2 , the period of the waveis increased in accordance
with the scale so that successively lower notes are
obtained. A step correction number for the period setting
in accordance with the scale is assembled into the scale
step matrix circuit 39.
The scale step matrix circuit shown in Fig. 7B
basically stores a control value for effecting a period
control in accordance with the scale in the form of coarse
and fine numbers into which a period setting value by the
count-up (+) in the period counting register 34. The
circuit 39 is supplied with the output signals from the
outputs ~ , ~ , ~ and ~ of the block state detecting
circuit 38, and the 4-bit output of the scale code register
20. The scale step matrix circuit 39 is provided with an
AND function matrix circuit 39-1 for detecting code states
of a 12 note scale shbwn in Table 2. The ci~cuit 39-1 is
$~5
~ ~6
provided with output lines ~ to ~ (C detecting line
to C# detecting line shown in the drawing) corresponding
to the scales. Those output lines are coupled with AND
gates 39-4 to 39-14, through a first OR function matrix
circuit 39-2 and a second OR function matrix circuit 39-3.
The first OR function matrix circuit 39-2 produces a step
addend number in termS of a code through output lines Xl
to X3, for controlling fine numbers 11l 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3,
4, 5, 5, 6, 7" in the order of C to C# for each note of
the scale. The step addend is added to each of "16"
blocks, as shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Scale Output Code 5tep Addend
Xl X2 X3
C O O O
15 2 s 0 0 0 0
3 A# l 0 0
4 A 1 0 0
G# 0 l 0 2
6 G 0 1 0 2
20 7 F# l 1 0 3
8 F 0 0 l 4
9 E l 0 l 5
D# 1 0 1 5
ll D 0 l l 6
2512 C# 1 1 1 7
:
, ~, .. ...
---` llS~2~
-27
The second OR function matrix circuit 39-3 is used to
apply a step correction addend, in accordance with the
c~arse number, to the respective scale in one cycle of
the musical sound wave. In this case, in order to apply
uniformly the step correction addend at the timing of
the block addresses, the output signals derived from
the outputs ~ to ~ of the block state detecting
circuit 38 are selected in accordance with the respec-
tive scales, and the block addresses with " o" marks
are selected in accordance with the scale, as shown in
Fig. 8D. Those selected plural block addresses serve as
the control timing for the coarse number. The selected
signal is applied to the AND gates 39-4 to 39-14 in
accordance with the scale. The outputs of the AND
gates 39-4 to 39~14 are coupled with the series circuit
of OR gates 39-15 to 39-25, and the output~line X4 of
the final OR gate 39-25 provides for each note~ a "+l"
correction signal to the block address selected of those
"1" to "15". In other words, the step correction number
outputted from the scale step matrix circuit 39 becomes
a period control value (step addend for controlling the
fine number + step adùend în accordance with the coarse
number). The output signal from the output lines Xl,
X2, X3 and X4 of the scale step matrix circuit 39 is
applied to inhibit gates 47-1 to 47-4 which are enabled
at the time other than the generation of~the l0" block
address signal outputted through the output lines Xl,
;~ ~6~2~5
- 28
X2, X3 and X4 of the scale step matrix circuit 39. The
output signals from the inhibit gates 47-1 to 47-3 are
applied respectively through OR gates 48-1 to 48-3 to
AND gates 46-2 to 46-4. The output signal from the
S inhibit gate 47-4 is coupled with the AND gate 46-1.
Accordingly, at the time other than the generation of
the "0" block address signal, the step addend for each
block address and a step correction addend by which "+l"
is applied to the selected block address, together with
"~8", are applied as addition signals to the adder 40,
in synchronism with the generation of the addition
timing signal. At the time of generation of a "0" block
address signal outputted from the block address state
detecting circuit 38, a "+2" correction value is applied
throùgh the OR gate 48-4 and the AND gate 46-2 to the
adder 40 and is added in synchronism with the generation
of the addition timing signal, together with the "~8"
addition. Accordingly, an addition value by the scale
for each address supplied to the adder 40 is the highest
octave (the fourth octave signal 04), as shown in
Fig. 10, and this value corresponds to the step number
~number of the basic clocks) within each block address.
The step number of one cycle of the musical sound wave
of each note is shown in the right column of Fig. 10.
~s shown, the number of steps between adjacent notes
are related by 12~. Of course, different addition
timings supplied to the adder 40 are used for the
,, .
.
, .
~ ~6~2~5
- 29 -
respective octave signals l to 04 and the value
subtracted in the subtracter 41 also is different for
the octave signals l to 04. As the octave becomes
lower (toward the octave signal l)/ the period of one
cycle of the musical sound wave becomes longer. The
period counting register 34, the scale code register
20, the octave code register 21 are each provided with
8 line memories. One cycle of the arrow directional
operation of each register is completed by 8~0 shift
pulses. For this, the sound waveform is controlled
on the basis of this one circulation. Since the
system of the invention uses a shift memory to be
given later, it is possible to control waveforms at a
proper position within one circulation of the register.
More specifically, the system is provided with 8 line
memories in an arrow direction at the output sound
producing stage (preceding to a D-A converting circuit)
shown in Fig. 7C and with a shift memory 49 which
shifts by the basic clock ~0. The shift memory 49 is
so designed that one of the 8 line memories is addressed
by the code expressed by 3 bits ("1", "2" and "4"
weights) outputted from the weight shift circuit 44
in Fig. 7A. Addresses "0" to "7" are assigned to the
line memories in such a manner that the address "0" is
assigned to the line memory closest to the output side
of shift memory 48 and the address "7" to the line
memory furthest from the output side. By this address
2 S ~
- 30 -
designation, 8~0 shift time delay at maximum is
possible. The address of the shift memory 49 is
designated only when the addition timing signal
outputted from the addition timing generating circuit
43 is applied through AND gates 50 and 51 shown in
Fig. 7C. The output signal from the AND gate 51 applied
to the shift memory 49 is called an enable signal.
The weight "1" signal from the synchronizing
counting register 34-2 is applied to the AND gates 44-1,
44-3 and 44-6 in the weight shift circuit 44 shown in
Fig. 7A; the weight "4" output to the AND gate 44-4; the
weight "2" output to the AND gates 44-2 and 44-5. The
AND gate 44-6 is coupled with the output line Yl; the
AND gates 44-3 and 44-5 to the output line Y2 through
the OR gate 44-7; the AND gates 44-4 and 44-5 to the
output line Y4 through the OR gate 44-9 to which the
output signals of the OR gate 44-8 and the AND gate
44-1 are applied. Thus, 3 bits outputs fed through the
output lines Yl, Y2 and Y4 are applied as an address
~0 designation code to the shift memory 49. The output
signal from the synchroniæing counting register 34-2
becomes an address designation signal shown in Table 5
in accordance with the octave signals l to 04. As will
be described later, the output signal from the adder 52
is shifted up by the ~0 pulse through the addressed line
memory and is taken out from the shift memory 49.
'
.
2 ~ ~
31
Table _5
Synchronizing Address Designation of Shift Memory
Counting 04 03 02 l
1 2 ~ 8 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 4
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O ~ O O O
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 0 1
2 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3 1 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 6 0 1 1 4 0 0 1
4 0 0 1 0 4 ~ O 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 5 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 . 4 0 0 1
6 0 1 1 0 6 0 1 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
7 ` 1 1 1 0 7 1 1 1 6 0 1 1 4 0 0 1
8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
11 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 0 6 0 1 1 4 0 0 1
12 0 0 1 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 1 0 1 1 5 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 4 0 0 1
14 0 1 1 1 6 0 1 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 6 0 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
As described above, one cycle of the musical sound
waveform for each note is segmented by steps each of a
basic clock pulse ~0, with different number of steps for
the respective notes of the scale. For a better understand-
ing of the period formation for each note, the operation will be
.
'', ' , ~ ,; ' ` : ,
.
- ,.;.
~ ~6~ S~ `
described with reference to Fig. ll(A). The operation
shown in Fig. ll(A) relates to a case where the highest
octave is 04 and the name of the note is "cn. ~t the
time that the period counting register 34 is at the initial
state of "0", the addition timing signal is produced from
the addition timing generating circuit 43. Accordingly,
in synchronism with the ~0" block address signal produced
from the block state aetecting circuit 38, the "+2"
correction value, together with the "~8" addition command~
is applied to the adder 40 and then addition (0+10) is
carried out in the adder 40. In the subtracter 41, "-8 n
is subtracted from the addition value "10" in response to
the fourth octave signal 04. The subtraction output value
"2" is fed back to the synchronizing register 34~2. The
lS addition timing signal is supplied as a "+l" addition
command to the adder 36 and as an enable signal to the
shift memory 4~ shown in Fig. 7C. At this time, the
address of the shift memory 43 is "0". Under this
condition, the line memory "0" of the shift memory 49
is in an output timing state ready for allowing the output
value of the adder 52 to be produced as described later.
After the 8~0 shift time, the svnchronizing register 34-2
produces "2" and the block counting register 34-1 produces
"1" (see Figs. ll(A), 11(B) and ll(C)). At this time,
the output signal from the block counting register 34-1
is "1" so that the ~ output signal from the block state
detecting circuit 38 is applied to ~he scale step matrix
- '..:. . ' : -
.- . : ; . , , :
~ 16~2~
.
- 33 -
circuit 39 In the case of the no~e "C", the matrix
circuit 39 produces no output signal and thus no step
correction value is applied to the adder 40. Only the
"+8" command is applied to the adder 40, in synchronism
with the addition timing signal, with the result that
the addition 12+8) is carried out therein. Further,
the subtracter 41 performs a n-8" subtraction and
finally the result value of the subtraction "2" is
fed back to the synchronizing counting register 34-2.
In synchronism with the addition timing signal, a "~l"
signal is applied to the adder 36 and the addition value
"2" is fed back to the block counting register 34-l.
The addition timing signal is applied as an enable
signal to the shift memory 49 and the output value "2"
from the synchronizing counting register (TC) 34-2 is
supplied to the weight shift circuit 44. Accordingly,
a signal "l" is taken out through the output line Y2.
As seen from Table 5, it designates the address "2" of
the shift memory 49. As a result, the output timing
signal of the block address "l" is outputted from the
shift memory 49, lagying by 2~0 shift time, as seen from
(i) of Fig. ll(A). That is, when the block addresses
are "0" and "l", the space therebetween is divided into
l0 steps. Then, a similar operation is repeated. In
the case of the note "C", the adjacent block addresses
are spaced with 8 steps and, as shown in Fig. l0, one
cycle of the musical sound waveform has 130 steps. The
:' '
.
,
1 :L 6 4 2 5 ~
34 -
operations of the notes "B" and "C#" at the fourth
octave signal 04 are illustrated in Figs. ll(B) and
ll(C), like the state diagram of Fig. ll(A).
The details of the shift memory 49 and the adder
52 shown in Fig. 7C are illustrated in Fig. 12. The
reference numerals 49-1 to 49-8 designate 8 line
memories (line memories 49-4 to 49-7 are omitted in
the drawing) each of 10 bits. Those line memories are
shifted by the basic clock signal ~0. Input control
circuits 49-9 to 49-16 are provided at the input sides
of the line memories 49-1 to 49-8. In the drawing,
only a gate circuit for one bit is illustrated for
simplicity. In fact, similar gates are used for all
the remaining bits. An address designation signal of
three bits delivered through the lines Yl, Y2 and Y4
from the weight shift circuit 44 shown in Fig. 7A is
applied to the decoder 49-17 of the shift memory 49
where the addresses "0" to "7" are designated. The
line memories 49-1 to 49-8 correspondingly assigned to
the addresses "0" to "7", respectively. The designation
signals of the addresses "0" to "7" are applied to the
AND gates 49-18 to 49-25 to which an enable signal is
applied. The outputs of those gates are coupled with
the input control circuits 49-9 to 49-16. The input
2S control circuits 49-9 to 49-16 permit the output from
the adder 52 to enter the line memory specified and
cause the entered signal to shift therethrough. The
2 ~ ~
- 35 -
output signal from the line memory 49-1 is applied to
a D-A converter ~see Fig. 1), through an output adder
49-26 and a latch circuit 49-27. The output signal
from the latch circuit 49-27 is recirculated through
the output adder 49-26 so that it is accumulated.
The output signal from the line memory just preceding
to the output from the specified line memories 49-1
to 49-8 is applied to the weight stage corresponding
to the adder 52, through the OR gate 49-28 (illustrated
only for one bit).
A synchronizing set register 53 shown in Fig. 7A
is comprised of 8 line memories each of one bit
connected in series. An envelope register 54 is
comprised of 8 line memories which are connected in
parallel in an arrow-direction and each is a 7-bit
line memory (having "1", "2", "4", "8", "16", "32" and
"64" weights). In operation, both registers 53, 54 are
shifted in an arrow direction, in synchronism with the
shift pulse ~0. The scale code register 20, the octave
code register 21, the period counting register 34, the
synchronizing set register 53 and the envelope register
54 are made to correspond to the line memories~ For
the pitch code outputted from the octave code register
21 and the scale code register 20, the control output
signals corresponding to those are produced from the
period counting register 34, the synchronizing set
register 53, and the envelope register 54. The envelope
2 5 ~
- 36 -
coefficient is instructed by 32 counting values from "0"
to "31" which are expressed by 5 bits with weights "1",
"2", "4", "8" and "16" from the envelope register 54.
2 bits of "32" and "64" weights indicate four envelope
states of attack, decay, release and clear. Thus, the
outputs at the 7 bits output stages of the envelope
register 54 are applied to the corresponding weight
input terminals of the adder 55. The respective bits
outputs from the adder 55-1 for counting the envelope
control value in the adder 55 are circulatingly applied
to the input terminals of "1", "2", "4", "8l' and "16" of
the envelope register 54, through inhibit gates 56-1 to
56-5 for inhibiting the outputting when a carry signal
from the adder 55-1 appears, respectively. The carry
signal produced from the adder 55-1 is applied to the
carry input terminal of an adder 55-3 for the state
counting, through the inhibit gate 55-2 driven by the
output signal from the inverted AND gate 57 which
detects a clear state "00" by the state detec~ing
weights "32" and "64" of the envelope register 54. In
other words, the adder 55-3 accepts the carry output~
signal when the enveloPe state is in the states other
than the clear. The output signal of the adder 55-3 is
recirculatingly held at the weight input terminals of
"32" and "6~" of the envelope register 54, through the
inhibit gates 58-1 and 58-2. The performance key inp~t
indication signal shown in Fig. 7A is applied to the
2 ~ 5
- 37 -
input side of the "32" weight stage of the envelope
register 54, through the OR gate 59 so that, when the
input indication signal is produced, the envelope state
becomes immediately the attack state. The relationship
between the envelope state and the code state o~ the
weight stages of "32" and "64" of two bits is tabulated
in Table 6.
Table 6
Weight
State of Envelope .
32 1 64 .
0 1 0 Rey release clear
l 1 0 Attack
0 1 1 Decay
l I 1 Release
The output signal from the synchronizing set
register 53 shown in Fig~ 7A is applied to one of the
input terminals of each gate 60 and 61, The AND gate 60
is connected at the other input terminal in receiving
relation to the output of the AND gate 62 for obtaining
logical product of the "0" block a~dress signal and the
addition timing signal outputted from the addition
timing generator 43. The synchronizing set register 53
is set by applying to the input side thereof the clock
signal ~referred to as an envelope clock) produced ~rom
the inhibit gate 63 to be given later, through the OR
1 ~6~2~S
- 38 -
gates 64 and 65~ The inhibit gate 63 i5 supplied with
the output signal from a series connection of the
inhibit gates 65 l to 66-5 for detecting the all-"0"
state of the envelope register 54 and the inverted AND
gate 66-5. For this, at the all "0" state, the envelope
clock is prevented from passing through the inhibit gate
63. When a "1" signal is set in the synchronizing set
register 53, the AND gate 60 is enabled in synchronism
with the addition timing signal o~ the "0" block ~rom
the AND gate 62. Then, the addition timing signal to
the adder 55 is produced while at the same time the
output from the inhibit gate 61 is inhibited. As a
result, a "0" signal is loaded into the synchronizing
set register 53 to release the set state thereof. The
addition timing signal outputted from the AND gate 60
is applied as a gate enabling signal to the AND gates
67-l to 67-5, thereby permitting an addition value to
the adder 55 for envelope to be given later to pass
therethrough. As a result, the envelope shifts with
time in attack, decay, and release states. That is,
the synchronizing set register 53 is used to synchronize
an addition value applied to the adder 55 for envelope
with the "0" bloc~ addrèss of the musical sound wave-
form. When the output of the synchronizing register 53
is "0" and the envelope register 54 is at all-"0" state,
the inhibit gate 68 produces a reset signal to the
given later. The 5-bit signal o~ "1", "2", "4", "8"
2 ~ ~
- 3g -
and "16 weights produced from the envelope register 54
are applied respectively to the exclusive OR gates 69-1
to 69-5 of the weight shift register 69.
Switches Sl to S6 shown in Fig. 7C are used to
instruct types of individual volume curves a and B.
The group of the switches Sl, S3 and S5 indicates the
attack (A), the decay (D) and the release (R) on the a
volume curve. The group of the switches S2, S4 and S6
indicates the states A, D and ~ of the ~ volume curve.
As shown in Fig. 13, three switches can indicate seven
types of volume curves. In this example, two types of
volume curves can be selected simultaneously: one type
is called as an volume cùrve (selected by the switches
Sl, S3 and S5~ and the other type called as a ~ volume
curve (selected by switches S2, Sl and S6). The
combinations of those and ~ curves are as shown in
Fig. 14. As described referring to Figs. 1 to 3~ tne
waveform program designation unit 35 shown in Fig. 7A
designates one period of a musical sound wave by a
differential coefficien-t value with "+" (up) or "-"
(down) of the wave rise or the wave fall at each block
address of the one period. The designation unit 35 may
also designate the types of the volume curve, a and ~
curves, by producing a "0" signal for a curve indication
and a "1" signal for ~ curve indication. An example
of tbe indication i5 shown in Fig. 15~ As seen from
the figure, the indicator indicates the differential
;~ 31 6~2~
- 40 -
coefficient value by numerals "1", "2" and "4" and
symbols "+" and "-" and the volume curve by a and ~.
The details of the waveform program indication unit 35
is illustrated in Fig. 16. As shown, switches Al to A15
and Bl to B15 for indicating the absolute values, '1",
"2" and "4", switches Cl to C15 for indicating ~ and
volume curves, and switches D1 to D15 for indicating "+~
and "-" are provided for each block address '1" to "15",
respectively. A common line of the respective switch
groups for each block address is coupled with block
state detecting signals of counting values "1" to "15"
from the block counting register 34-1. The switches Al
to A15, Bl to B15 of each block produce three indication
signals of differential coefficient values "1", "2" and
"4" through decoders El to E15. And the corresponding
indication signals are taken out through an OR gate.
The block address "0" is set always at "0" level and
thus is not indicated by the switch and therefore the
block addresses "1" to "15" are indicated by the switch.
A (-) command signal indicated by the waveform program
instruction unit 35 for each address is applied to the
adder 52 shown in Fig. 7C, the command signal of "1",
"2" or "4" is applied to the weight~shift circuit 69
shown in Fig. 7C and a ~ command signal is appl~ied to
exclusive OR gates 70 and 71 shown in Fig. 7B. The ~
command signal generally passes through the exclusive
OR gate 70 to reach the inhibit gates 72-1 to 72-3
2 ~ ~
and the AND gates 72-4 to 72-6 in an /~ volume curve
control circuit 72~ Accordingly, the AND gates 72-4
to 72-6 produce output signals in synchronism with a
~ indication signal (~ the inhibit gates 72-~ to
72-3 produce output signal in synchronism with an a
indication signal (-0"), in accordance with ~ or ~
selectively indicated by the switches Sl to S6. The
outputs of the inhibit gate 72-1 and the AND gate 72-4
are coupled with ~he OR gate 72-7; the outputs OL the
inhibit gate 72-2 and the AND gate 72-5 with the OR gate
72-8; the outputs of the inhibit gate 72-3 and the AND
: gate 72-6 with the OR gate 72-9. The output of the OR
gate 72-7 is applied to the AND gate 72-10, the inh7bit
gates 72-11 and 72-12 and the AND gate 72-13. The
output of the OR gate 72-8 is connected to the AND gate
72-14 and the inhibit gate 72-12 and the output of the
OR gate 72-9 is supplied to the AND gate 72-15. The
output of the AND gate 72-14 is applied to the inhibit
gate 72-11 and the AND gate 72-13. The AND gate 72-10
and the inhibit gate 72-11 are connected to the OR gate
72-17 through the OR gate 72-16. The output of the
inhibit gate 72-12 is connected through the AND ga-te
72-18 to an O~ gate 72-19. The AND gates 72-13 and
72-15 are connected to the OR gate 72-20. The OR gates
72-17 to 72-20 are connected in series and the output
of the OR gate 72-17 is supplied to the AND gate 50.
A detection signal from the envelope state detection
2 ~ ~
- 4~ -
circuit 73 is coupled in supply relation with the ~ND
gates 72-10, 72-14, 72-15 and 72-18. Ordinarily, the
inverted AND gate 73-1 detects a l'00l- clear state of the
envelope; the inhibit gate 73-2 an attack state; the
inhibit gate 73 3 a steady state; th,e AND gate 73-4 a
release state. The inhibit gate 73-2 is coupled with
the AND gate 72-10; the inhibit gate 73-3 with the AND
gates 72-14 and 72-18. The output signals from those
gates serve as gate enabling ~ignals. The output signal
from the inverted AND gate 73-1, together with a
detecting signal of all-"0" state (symbol * in Fig. 7D)
from the envelope register 5~, is applied to the inhibit
gate 73-5. The output signal from the inhibit gate
73-5, together with the output signal from the ~ND gate
73-4, is applied as a gate enable signal to the AND gate
73-15, through the OR gate 73-6. Accordingly, the OR
gate 72-16 in the a/~ volume curve control circuit 72
produces an output signal when the envelope is in the
attack state and the volume curve is Indicated by ~
to ~ shown in Fig. 13 and when the former is in the
steady state and the latter by ~ and ~ shown in
Fig. 13~ The AND gate 72-18 produces a "31" command
signal in the case of ~ in Fig. 13 which indicates
no decay when the envelope state is the decay state
and an attack indication is given. The O~ gate 72
produces a signal for indicating a complement value
which is an inver~ed envelope coefficient value in the
2 ~ ~i
- 43 -
cases of ~ in Fig. 13 which is
a down indication ~or the decay and release states
of the envelope. The OR gate 72-17 produces signals
representing attack (A), decay ~D) and release tR) only
when these sta~es are indicated by the corresponding
switches. The addition timing signal at that time is
produced as an enable signal to the shift memory 4~.
The "31" command signal produced from the AND gate
72-18 is supplied to the OR gates 69-6 to 69-10 and th?
complement command signal from the OR gate 72-20 is
supplied through the exclusive OR gate 69-11 to the
exclusive OR gates 69-1 to 69-50 In the weight shift
circuit 69, when the "31" command signal and the
complement command signal are not present, the envelope
coefficient value weighted at "1'i, "2", "4", "8" and
"16" from the envelope register 54 passes through the
exclusive OR gates 6g-1 to 69-5 and is subjected to a
weight shift operation (in this case, + differential
coefficient value x enve}ope coefficient value E) in
accordance with the indicated differential coefficient
values of "1", '2" and "4" for each clock address
indicated from the waveform program designation unit 35,
and the value of the multiplication is applied to the
adder 52. An indication signal of the differential
coefEicient value "1" is supplied to one o~ the input
terminal of each AND gates 69-12 to 69-16; an indication
signal of "2" to one of the input terminals of each AND
.
. ' '
2 ~ ~
- 44 -
gate 69-17 to 69~21, an indication signal of "4" to one
of the input terminals of each AND gate 69-22 to 69-26.
The other input terminal of each AND gate 69-12, 69-17
and 69-22 is supplied with a signal corresponding to the
weight "1" of t-he envelope co,efficient value, The other '
input terminal of each A~ID gate 69-13, 69-18 and 69-23
is supplied with a signal corresponding to the weight
"2". The other input terminal of each AND gate 69-14,
69~19 and 69-24 receives a signal corresponding to the
weight "4". A signal corresponding to the weight "8"
is applied to the other input terminal of each AND gate
69-15, 69-20 and 69-25. A signal corresponding to the
weight "16" is applied to the other input terminal of
each AND gate 69-16, 69-21 and 69-26. As shown, the
AND gate 69-12 is connected to the weight "1" input
terminal of the adder 52; the AND gates 69-13 and 69-11
to the weight "2" :input terminal through the OR gate
69-27; the AND gates 69-14, 69-18 and 69-22 to the
weight "4" input side hy the OR gates 69-28 and 69-29;
the AND gates 69-15, 69-19 and 69-23 to the weight "8"
input side by way-of the OR gates 69-30 and 69-31; the
AND gates 69-16, 69-20 and 69-24 to the weight "1,6"
input side by way of the OR gates 69-32 and 69-33; the
AND gates 69-21 and 69-25 to the weight "32" input side
by way o~ the OR gate 69~34; the AND gate 69~26 to the
weight "64" input side. With this connection, the
weight shift circuit 69 produces multiplication values
., :
~ '.
l 16~25~
shown in Fig. 17 in accordance with the differential
coefficient values "ln, "2" and "4~. When the a/~
volume curve control circuit 72 produces a "31" command
signal and feeds it to the OR gates 69-6 to 69-10, the
envelope coefficient value is forced to hàve "31n
~ irrespective of the output signal from the envelope
register 54. When the complement command is applied
to the exclusive OR gate 69-11, the envelope coefficient
of 5 bits from the envelope register 54 is inverted,
and the multiplication values shown in Fig. 17 become
inverse values.
As seen from FigO 15, the difference from the case
shown in Figs. 1 to 4 i5 that the multiplication for
each bloc~ address is performed in accordance with a
volume curve of ~ or ~, that is to say, + differential
coefficient value x envelope coefficient value E (E is
E~ when it follows the a volume curve and is E~ when it
follows the ~ volume curve~. In this manner, the
multiplication value inputted to the adder 52 is
supplied to the shift memory 49.
Thus, by indicating two volume curves of ~ and ~,
the system can simultaneously indicate waveforms of
and B. Therefore, when waveforms are different, rises
and falls of the volume curves may be changed so that
a proper combination of them provides great variety ~f
musical sound waveforms being synthesized. Accordingly,
the time-variation of a harmonic structure of the
,
waveformis controllable to produce a musical sound wave
with rich timbre. Accordingly, the musical instrument
thus constructed according to the invention can produce
a musical sound with features peculiar to the sound
produced parti~ularly by brasses and strings.
In Fig. 7B, switches S10, Sll and S12 are used to
indicate and ~ period modes and the output signals of
those switches are supplied to the period (called duty)
control circuit 74. Through ON- and OFF states of these
three switches, mode indication signal represented by
8 numerals "0" to "7" are produced from the ~ND function
matrix circuit 74-1 through output lines and are then
inputted to the OR function matrix circuit 74-2. The
three-bit output (weights of "16", "32" and "64") from
the cycle number register 34-3 shown in Fig. 7A which
is counted every period of the waveform is also to the
duty control circuit 74. In accordance wi~h the cycle
counting state, the inverted AND ga~e 74-3 produces
the output state shown in Fig. 18B and the OR gate
74-4 produces the output state shown in Fig. 18~ having
a condition (16~32~16~32-64), depending on the state
of the AND gate 74-5, the inhibit gate 74-6 and the
inverted AND gate 74-3. The signal of (16) of the
cycle number register 34-3 shown in Fig. 18A is supplied
to the inhibit gates 74-7 and 74-8. The output of the
inverted AND gate 74-3 is supplied to the AND gates 74-9
and 74-10. The output of the OR gate 74-4 is supplied
~ 7~
~ 47 -
to the AND gates 74-11 and 74-12.
A basic relation between the duty and a cycle
counting state will be described with reference to
Fig. 19. In the figure, '0" indicates a cycle having
no waveform out~put and "1" indicates a cycle having a
waveform output. Duties "1", "1/2" and "1/4" means
that a waveform output is taken out every one cycle, two
cycles, and four cycles~ The duty "1/3" is obtained by
directly setting the cycle counting state to "6" cycle
counting state without counting "4" and "5" cycles.
In the mode designation of "6" and "7" in those modes
specified by numerals "0" to "7" in accordance with
combinations of three bits of a/~ period mode designa-
tion switches S10 to S12, the OR function matrix circuit
74-2 produces a K1 output signal which is appliedr
together with the output signal of the weight "64" from
the adder 36, to the AND gate 74-13 of which the output
signal is supplied through the OR gate 74-14 to ~he
weight "32" of the cycle number register 34-3. Thus,
the countings of the 7'4" and `'5" cycle states are
skipped. The ~2 output of the OR function matrix
circuit 74-2 is applied to the OR gate 74-15~ the K3
output to the OR gate 74-16; K4 output to the OR gate
74-15 through the inhibit gate 74-5; a K6 output to
the OR gate 74-17 through the AN~ gate 74-9; a K5
output is applied to the OR gate 74-16 through the
inhibit gate 74-8; a K7 output to the OR gate 74-18
- 48 -
through the AND gate 74-10; a K8 output is applied to
the OR gate 74-19 through the AND gate 74-11; a K9
output is applied to the OR gate 74-20 through the
AND gate 74-12. The OR gates 74-15, 74-17 and 74-19
are connected in series to produce an output X1 ( a ) .
~ The OR gates 74-16, 74-18 and 74-20 are connected in
series to produce an output X2 (~). Accordingly, the
output signals produced on the output lines Xl ( a ) and
X2 (~) correspond to the numerals "0" to "7" for ~ and
~ period mode designation, as shown in Fig. 20. As
shown, the line Xl () provides a period M on the basis
of the waveform by ~ designation, and the output line
X2 (~) provides a period N on the basis of the waveform
by ~ indication. Therefore, in the period mcdes of "0"
to "5", the periods M and N are both integers but, in
the period modes "6" and "7", if one o the duties M
and N is an integer, the other is not an integer. The
output signals Xl ( a) and X2 (~) are applied to the
inhibit gate 75 and the AND gate 76, Ordinarily, in
synchronism with an /~ designatlon signal derived ~rom
the exclusive OR gate 71, the inhibit gate 75 is enabled
from an indication signal ("0") and the AND gate 76 is
enabled for 2 ~ designation signal ("1"). These ou-tput
signals pass through the inh.ibit gates 77 and 78 to be
given later and the OR gate 79 to reach the AND gate 51
shown in Fig. 7C.
The switch R2 is connected to the exclusive OR gate
_ ~9 ~
71 and inverts and a/~ designation signal for each block
address outputted from the waveform program designation
unit 35 by its operation, with the result that the ~ND
gate 76 produces an output signal in synchronism with
the a designation signal and~the inhibit gate 75
produces an output signal in synchronism with the ~
designation signal. Therefore, the output Xl becomes
a ~ duty and the output X2 an a duty. A switch R2 is
connected to inhibit gates ~0 and 81 to which a signal
P to be given later and its inverted signal P, and
indicates whether a and ~ are separated or not. In
operation, the inhibit gates 80 and 81 produce no
outputs and thus the inhibit gates 77 and 78 produce
Xl () and X2 (~ signals (when the switch Rl is
actuated, signals Xl ( a) and X2 (e) are taken out) are
taken out. When the switch R2 is not operated, the
inhibit gates 80 and 81 produce a signal P and a signal
P (these signals are produced only in duet performance
designation) and the even line memory is designated by
a and the odd line memory by ~. Those are tabulated
in Fig. 21. In the preparation of the table shown in
Fig. 21, no designation is made by the switch R2 and a
switch R3 to be given later. Non-separation indlcation
by the switch R2 is effective only for the duet per-
formance. The switch R3 is connected to the exclusiveOR gate 70 and, when it is actuated, the a/~ signal
specified for each block by the~waveform program
- . ~
sq2~3~
- 50 -
designation unit 35 is inverted. That is, the relations
of ~ and ~ are all inverted. In this manner, the octave
operation may be performed by the ~ and ~ duty mode
designation, and the duty of the musical sound wave
changes and the-timbre may also be changed for each
octave. Referring to the a, ~ non-separation operation
shown in Fig. 21, in the case of a mode designation "6",
~:~ is 1:15 and ~ is a sound lower by a major fourth
interval than a. In the mod~ designation "7", ~ has a
duty two times as long as that of a. The waveform of ~
is conceivable to be a composite wave of waves with the
2/3 and double periods of that of the ~ wave. ~ is a
sound including a component higher by a major fifth
interval than and another component lower by an octave
than ~. The periods between different waveforms ma~ be
controlled to be M:N. For this, the harmonic structures
of those waves may be changed and further when those
waves with changed harmonic structures are combined,
the harmonic structure of the combined wave is further
differently changed. Therefore, such a combined or
composite wave exhibits an effective music sound feeling
with a more natural time~variation.
In Fig. 7, the switch Tl is an ordinary tremolo
designation switch (called as a tremolo flat). T2 is
a touch tremolo designation sw~tch by which a tremolo
is applied only in operation. For designation of a
touch tremolo, the tremolo flat designation switch is
2~25~
- 51
released. Switches T3, T4 and T5 designate the depth
(called an amplitude) of a tremolo indicate the maximum
amplitude "1" (depth of 100%), "1/2" (50%), and "1/4"
(25%), respectively. The designation signal from the
switch Tl or T2 is applied to the AND gates 83-l to
83-3, through an OR gate 82. Accordingly, an output
indication signal with an amplitude specified is
produced and is applied to a tremolo control circuit
84. The ~ND gates 83-1 to 83-3 are applied to the
AND gate 84-3 and 84-4 via the OR gate 84-1 or 84-2.
The output of the AND gate 83-2 is applied to the OR
gate 84-6, and the AND gate 84-7, via the AND gate
84-5 coupled with the "64" weight output of the envelope
register 54. Accordingly, in the decay state and the
release state, the weight "16" of the envelope register
54 is always "1". Further, the output of the AND gate
84-~ for detecting the release state is applied to the
AND gate 84-3 of which the output is taken out from the
O~ gate 84-10 through an inhibit gate 84-9 which is
enabled by ~he designation other than a mandoline
designation. For this, the inhibit gate 84-7 is not
enabled in the release state while the inhibit gate
84-11 is ready for being enabled. In the designation
o~ tremolo, the "64" weight output from the envelope
register 54 is applied to the AND gate 84-4 and the
output thereof provides always a "1" signal to the
weight "69" of the envelope register 54 through the OR
2 ~ ~
- 52 ~
gate 84-l~. Accordingly, the state of the envelope does
not become a "00" clear state but the decay state and
the release state are alternately repeated. The output
of the AND gate 83-3 is applied to the OR gates 84-14
and 84-15 through the AND gate 84-13 to which the weight
"64" output of the envelope register 54 is applied, and
is also to the inhibit gate 84-16. Like the inhibit
gate 84-7, the inhibit gate 84-16 is not enabled in the
release state while the inhi~it gates 84-17 and 84-8
are enabled. The weight "32" ou~put of the envelope
register 54 is further applied to the inhibit gate
84-21, through the inhibit gate 84-20 coupled with the
AND gate 84-19 which is effective only when the tremolo
string switch T6 to be given later is actuated. Since
the gate output inhibiting signal from the AND gate 84-4
is applied to the inhibit gate 84-21, it is not enabled
by the tremolo indication and its output is always "0".
Accordingly, the envelope state detecting circuit 73
produces only a decay state signal from the inhiDit gate
73-3. In the tremolo designa~ion switches Tl and T2,
the envelope coefficient value of the envelope register
54 is as shown in Figs. 22 to 24 in accordance with the
depth indication of the amplitude 1/1, 1/2 or 1/4 and
~he volume curves (Fig. 13). With respect to volume
2S curves (~ ) shown in Fig~ 13, no tremolo is
applied. T6 is a plucking tremolo designation switch.
Upon actuation of the switch, the output signal of the
3 ~ 2 5 ~
- 53 -
inhibit gate 84-22 which is produced under a condition
that the envelope is in the release state and the
envelope register 54 is above "16", passes through
the ~ND gate 84-19. When the "00" clear state of the
envelope register 54 is deteGted by the inverted AND
gate 73-1 in the state detection circuit 73, a release
designation signal is applied to the AND gate 72-15
through the inhibit gate 73-5 and the OR gate 73-6.
Therefore, in the first half of the release state, it
operates by a decay clock signal to be described later,
a string plucking like tremolo along the volume curve
as shown in Figs. 25tA) and 25(B) (in this case, the
tremolo depth designated is 1/1) is obtained.
The tremolo designation switch T2 is effective when
the tremolo designation switch Tl is previously turned
off, and the tremolo is effective only in operation.
In accordance with output states at "32" and "64"
weights of the envelope register 54, the inhibit gate 85
produces an attack state detection signal ~ ; the
inhibit gate 86 produces a decay state detection signal
~ ; a series circuit produces a release detection
signal ~ ; the inhibit inverted gate 66-6 produces a
high release detection signal ~ ; a series circuit of
the AND gates 89 and 90 produces a slow release detec-
tion signal ~ . Reference numeral 91 designates asynchronizing set register for designating a high
release which is provided with 8 line memories of
.
.
- ., :'. ' ' ~ , :
.
2 5 ~
- 54 -
one bit. These memories each shifts in operation in
response to the shift pulse ~0, The high release
means a relative rapid damping of the envelope for
preventing clock sound occurring when a performance
key is turned o~f ~particula~ly when a stationary sound
is designated like an organ sound). Therefore, when
an ~ set signal to be described later is outputted,
the signal is applied through an OR gate 92 to an
inhibit gate 93 which is enabled when not input
indication signal exists, and is applied to a high
release synchronizing set register 91 through an
inhibit gate 94 which is enabled by an inverted signal
from the AND gate 62. The output signal from the
inhibit gate 93 sets the synchronizing set register
53 for the envelope clock, through an AND gate ~5,
an inhibit gate 96 which is enabled in a state other
than the "00" envelope state, an OR gate 6d and an OR
gate 65, in synchronism with the output signal (an
addition timing when a "0" block address signal is
generated) from the AND gate o2. Upon the se-tting,
the register 53 performs a high release operation.
The description thus far made relates to a major
part of the electronic musical instrument according
to the invention. Timing signals for controlling the
~5 circuit construction shown in Figs. 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D,
various clock signals for controlling the envelope,
multiple performance control signals such as duet
2 ~ ~
- 55 -
control signals, performance Xeys, key input controls
will be described by using circuit diagrams shown in
Figs. 27A and 27B which are combined as shown in
Fig. 26 to form a complete circuit diagram.
A basic cl~ck signal ~0 (for example, 2i2,510 Hz)
outputted from an original clock generator 100 is
applied to a line counter 101 which performs counts
corresponding to one circulation oE 8 line memories
which constitute each of registers 20, 21, 34, 53 and
54 shown in Figs. 7A to 7D. The counter 101 is an
8-scale counter. The control timing generating circuit
102 is supplied with indication signals at contact
positions Wl (no multiple performance indication), W2
(duet indication~, W3 (quartet indication) o a multiple
performance indication switch W. Accordingly, an output
signal shown in Fig. 28B is outputted to the output
line ~ , through an inhibit gate 102-1 and inhibit
~ND gate 102-2. In the case of no multiple performance
indication, a "1" signal is outputted to an output line
~ through OR gates 102-3 and 102-4. A "1" signal is
outputted to an output line ~ through OR gates 102-5
and 102-6. In the case o a duet indication, an output
signal shown in (c) of Fig. 28A is outputted to an
output line ~ through AND gates 102-7, and OR gates
102-3 and 102-4. An output signal shown in (c) of
Fig. 28A is outputted to an output line ~ through
an inhibit gate 102~8, and OR gates 102-9, 102-S and
.
- 56 -
102-6. In the case of a quartet indication, an output
signal shown in (d) of Fig. 28A is outputted from an
output line ~ through AND gates 102-10 and 102-11 and
an OR gate 102-40 An output signal shown in (c) of
Fig. 28A is outputted from an output line ~ through
inhibit gates 102-12 and 102-13, and an OR gate 102-6.
The respective bit stage outputs of an octet indication
signal, a quartet indication signal, a duet indication
signal at the contact W4 of the indlcation switch W and
the line counter 101 are supplied to a timing signal
generator for multiple performance 103. With this
connection, an OR gate 103-1 produces a quartet indica-
tion signal or an octet indication signal and an OR
gate 103-2 produces a multiple performance signal (which
is produced in response to duet, quartet, or octet
indication). The signal from the AND gate 103-2 is
supplied to an AND gate 103-3 and an inhibit gate 103-4.
Accordingly, the weight ~lS~ output signal of the line
counter 101 is outputted as signals P and P from the
respective gates and is applied to inhibit gates 80
and 81 o~ Fig. 7C. The signal from the OR gate 103-2
is supplied to an AND gate 103-5 from which an output
signal of weight "1" of the line counter 101 is taken
out and is outputted as a "+l" command signal through
an OR gate 104. The output from the OR gate 103-1 is
supplied to an AND gate 103-6 so that the weight 'i2"
of the line counter 101 provides an output signal which
.
:~ 3L6~25~
-- 57 --
in turn is applied to an OR gate 103-8 through an OR
~ate 103-7. A duet indication signal is supplied to
an inhibit gate 103-9 from which an inverted signal
of the line counter 101 is taken out and is applied
through an OR gate 107 to an OR gate 103-8. The
multiple performance signal outputted from the OR gate
103-2 is applied as an inverted signal l:o the OR gate
103-8 through an OR gate 103-10. The OR gate 103-10
is supplied with an operation signal of a vibrato
designation switch B. The output of the OR gate 103-8
provides output signals shown in (b), (g) and (i~ of
Figs. 28A and 28B by duet and quartet indications,
through an OR gate 105. When an octet indication signal
is applied to an AND gate 103-11, the output signal of
lS weight "4" from the line counter 101 is outputted from
the AND gate 103-11 and is outputted as a signal shown
in (k) of Fig. 2ûE~ through an OR gate 106. ~iming
signals shown in (f) and (g) of Fig. 28B are produced
from the OR gates 104 and 105 wherl duet is indicated.
The timing signals shown in (h) and (i) of Fig. 28B are ,
produced from OR gates 104 and 105 when a quartet is
indicated. Timing signals shown in (j), (k) and (~ of
Fig. 28b are produced from OR gates 104 to 106 when an
octet is designated, and is applied to AND gates 97-1 to
97-3 and then is suppied to an adder 40 in synchronism
with a "0" block address signal~ The additional, value
in the mu~,tiple performance such as the duet indication
2 5 ~
- 5~ -
is used to provide frequency fine differences to the
respective line memories. The timing signals on the
lines ~ , ~ and ~ outputted from the control timing
generator 102 are supplied to an input control circuit
S 107 and the timing signal from the output line ~ is
~ supplied to an octave counter 108 shown in Fig. 27B.
The octave counter 108 is a three-bit 8-scale counter
which is driven every 8-line time of 8~0. The lower
two bits in the counter (weights "1" and e'2") serve as
an octave inp~t code shown in Fig. 7A of a code state
of fourth octave. See (a) of Fig. 29A. The respective
three-bit output stages of the octave counter 10~ are
supplied to a synchronizing signal generator 109 and to
a decoder 110. All-"0" state of three bits are detected
by an inverted AND gate 109-1 and an inhibit gate 109-2.
As a detection output ~ , the timing signa] shown in
(b) of Fig. 29A is taken out and is applied as a count
step signal to the scale counter 110. The scale counter
111 has a construction that two lower bi-ts operates as a
3-scale counter and its carry drives a binary counter of
upper one bit ((c) of Fig. 29A). In actuality, a scale
counter is constructed by 4 bits obtained by combining
it with the most significant bit of the counter 108,
accordingly the 4-bit output serves as a scale input
code shown in Fig. 7A. The counter 111 is supplied to
the output of the synchroniæing signal generator 109
and to a decoder 112. Eight outputs ~ to ~ of the
2 5 ~
- 59 -
decoder 110 provide different timing signals, as shown
in (d) of Fig. 29B and are applied to eight column lines
of performance keys 113. The performance key group 113
includes 48 performance keys arranged in matrix fashion,
with six output lines connecting to AND gates 114-1 to
_ 114-6 of a key operation timing detecting circuit 114.
The AND gates 114-1 to 114-6 are supplied with six
different timing signals ((e) of Fig. 29B) produced
from the output lines ~ to ~ of a decoder 1120
From the AND gates 114-1 to 114-6, key input timing
signals corresponding to the performance keys actuated
of those 48 are taken out by a series circuit of OR
gates 114-7 to 114-11 and are applied to a key input
F/F 107-1 of an input terminal control circuit.
The timing signal outputted from the synchronizing
signal generator 109 are detected in accordance with
the counters 108 and 111. The timing signal shown in
(f) of Fig. 29B from the output ~ are detected by
inhibit gates 109-3 to 109-5. Timing signal shown 1n
(g) of Fig. 29B from an output line ~ is detected
by an in~erted ~ND gate 109-1 and inhibit gates 109-2
and 109-5 to 109-8. A timing signal shown in (~h) of
Fig. 29B from an output ~ is detected by an AND gate
109-9 and inhibit gates 109-10 and 109-11. The output
signal of S4 of the counter 111 from an output ~ and
a timing signal shown in (i) of Fig. 29B from an output
~ are deteated by an inhibit gate 109-12. A timing
;~ 16~5~
- 60 -
signal shown in (j) of Fig. 29B from an output ~ is
detected by using an AND gate lQ9-13 and an inhibit
gate 109-14~ A shift register 115-1 of a clock signal
generator 115 operates dynamically with 24 bits and is
shifted by a clock signal produced every 8 line times
from the output line ~ of the control timing generator
102. Accordingly, one circulation of the shift register
115-1 synchronizes with a total of 24 scales which is
the sum of 8 scales of the counter lQ% and 3 scales of
the counter 111. The shift register 115-1 includes
first to third counting parts each with 8 bits. The
first and second counting parts are used for generating
time cloc~ signals of vibrato and envelope. The third
counting part is used to count a given time when a new
performance key is present to be described later.
Basically, the first counting part is an 8-bit binary
counter operating by the timing signal from an output
line ~ of the synchronizing signal generator 109
~Fig. 29B). The second counting part is an 8-bit
binary counter with lower two bits for three scale
counting, which operates in response to a timing signal
delivered from the output line ~ . The third counting
part is a binary counter operating by a timing signal
from the output line ~ , The output signal from an
output dl of the shift register 115~1 is supplied to
an adder 115-3 through an OR gate of which the output
is recirculatingly applied to the input side of the
..
2 ~ ~
- 61 -
shift register 115-1, The carry signal from the adder
115-3 is applied to an inhibit gate 115-4 through a
carry F/F 107-2. The output signal of the inhibit
gate 115-4 is inhibited at the generation of the timing
signal from the output ~ of the synchronizing signal
~ . generator 1091 The output signal also is applied to
the adder 115-3 through an OR gate 115-5. The timing
signal from the output ~ also is applied to the OR
gate 115-5 through an inhibi~ gate 115-6. The output .
d2 of the shift register 115-1 is applied to an inverted
AND gate 115-7 and an inhibit gate 115-8; the output d3
to an inhibit gate 115-9 and an AND gate 115-10; the
output d4 to an inhibit gate 115-11 and an AND gate
115-12; the output d5 to an inhibit gate 115-13 and
an AND gate 115-14; ~he output d6 to an inhibit gate
115-15 and an AND gate 115-16; the output d7 to an AND
gate 115-17. The inverted AND gate 115-7 and inhibit
gates llS-9, 115-11, 115-13 and 115-15 are coupled with
AN~ gates 115-10, 115-12, 115-14, 115-16 and 115-17.
The output signals from the respective AND gates are
taken out as one-shot pulses (each with an 8~0 width)~
The output dl is applied to the inhibit gate 115-8 of
which the output is coupled with an AND gate 115-18.
A timing signal from the output ~ of the synchronizing
signal generating circuit 109 is applied to an AND gate
115-18, and also to an adder 115-3 through an OR gate
115-2. That is to say, it controls a three-scale
, . . .
1 2 $ ~
counter of the lower two bits in the second counting
part. The output dl from the shift register 115-1 is
applied to an AND gate 115 19 and the output of the
AND gate 115-14 is applied to an AND gate 115-20, The
outputs of those are applied as reset and set signa]s
to a flip-flop 115-21 (with no delay) for determining
a time for chattering prevention in synchronism with
a timing signal from the output ~ .
Reference numeral 116 designates a vibrato clock
selection circuit. In the circuit, a time clock signal
from the AND gate 115-10 is applied to an AMD gate
116-1; a time clock signal from the AND gate 115-12 to
an AND gate 116-2. The output signals from those AND
gates 116-1 and 116-2 are applied through an OR gate
116-3 to an AND gate 116-4 and an inhibit gate 116-5.
The output of the inhibit gate 116-5 is applied to an
AND gate 116-6 to which a timing signal from the output
~ of the synchronizing signal generator 109. The
output from an AND gate 116~4 is supplied to an AND gate
116-7 to which a timing signal from the output ~ is
applied. The outputs of the AND gate are outputted as
a vibrato clock signal ~B, through an OR gate 116-8.
The vibrato clock signal ~3 becomes different time
clock signals depending on vibrato clock selection
switches SA and Sg selected. As seen from Fig. 30,
the switch SA indicates whether a time clock siynal
determined by the first counting section of the shift
2 S ~
63 -
register 115-1 is taken out or the time clock signal
determined by the second counting part is taken out.
The vibrato clock signal ~B is applied as a count signal
to the counter 117 of 8-scale. The counter 117 produces
signals shown in ~a) of FigO 31 at the respective stages -
which in turn is applied to a vibrato control circuit
118. In accordance with this counting statej a timing
signal shown in (b) of Fig. 31 is detected by an inhibit
gate 118-1 and an AND gate 118-2 onto an output el.
timing signal shown in (c) of Fig. 31 is detected by an
inhibit gate 118-3 and an AND gate 118-4 onto an output
e2. A timing signal shown in (d) of Fig. 31 is detected
by AND gates 118-5 and 118-6 onto an output e3. A tlming
signal shown in (e) of Fig. 31 is detected by an inverted
AND gate 118-7 and an AND gate 118-8 on.o an output e4.
A timing signal shown in (f) of Fig. 31 is detected by
an inhibit gate 118-9 onto an output e5. A timing signal
shown in tg) of Fig. 31 is detected by an inhibit gate
118-10 onto an output e6. A series circuit of OR
gates 118-10 and 118-11 for obtaining a logical sum
of outputs el, e3 and e6 detects a timing signal shown
in (h) of Fig. 31 and provides it onto an output e70 A
series circuit including OR gates 118-13 and I18-14 for
obtaining a logical sum of outputs el, e2 and e5 detects
a timing signal shown in (i) of Fig. 31 and provides
it onto an output e8. Accordingly, the timing signals
e7, e8 and e4 are outputted onto AND gates 97-1 to 97-3
2 5 ~
- 64
to which a "0" block signal shown in Fig. 7A is
applied through AND gates 118-15 to 118-17 and OR
gates 104 and 105 when an operation is designated by
vibrato designation switch B, That is, at the vibrato
designation ~ime, outputs ~Pl, ~P2, ~P4 are outputted
~ in accordance with the contents of the counter 117.
Numeral 119 designates an envelope clock select circuit
for selecting an envelope clock applied to an inhibit
gate 63 shown in Fig. 7D. RA and RB are switches for
selecting a time clock signal in the release state.
DA and DB are switches for selecting a time clock in
the decay state. Rc is a switch for selecting a slow
release clock signal. OA is a switch for designating
an organ like (stationary sound) envelope. A time clock ,
signal outputted from the AND gate 115-12 is applied to
AND gates 119-1 to 119-3. A time clock signal from an
AND gate 115-14 is applied to AND gates 119-4 to 119~6,
A time clock signal outputted from an AND gate 115-16
is applie~ to AND gates 119-7 to 119-9. A time clock
signal outputted from an AND gate 115-17 is applied to
AND gates 119-10 and 119-11. A selection contact output '
signal from the switch RB is applied to AND gates 119-1,
119-4, 119-7 and 119-10. The outputs of those AND gates
are applied to a series circuit of OR gates 119-12 to
~5 119-14. The output signal from the series circuit is
coupled with an AND gate 119-15 and an inhibit gate
119-16. The timing signal from the output ~ of the
~ - .
6~2~5
,
~ 65 -
synchronizing signal generator 109 is applied to AND
gates 119-17 to 119-19; a timing signal from the output
~ to AND gates 119-20 to 119-22. The ~ND gate 119-15
and an inhibit gate 119-16 are coupled with the AND
gates 119-20 and 19-17. The outputs of these gates go
- out as a release clock signal pR through an AND gate
119-24 to which a release state detecting signal shown
in Fig. 7D is applied through an OR gate 119-24. As
seen from Fig. 30, a switch ~p indicates whether a time
clock signal determined by the first counting part of
the shift register 115-1 is taken out or a time clock
signal determined by a second counting part is taken
out. A selection contact output of a DB switch is
applied to AND gates 119-2, 119-5 and 119-8. The
outputs Erom these AND gates are supplied to a series
circuit of OR gates 119-25 and 119-26. The output o~
the series circuit is applied to an AND gate 119-27 and
an inhibit gate 119-28. The outputs of the AND gate
119-27 and the inhibit gate 119-28 are applied through
AND gates 119-21 and 119-18 and an OR gate 29 to an AND
gate 119-30 which produces a decay clock signal when the
decay state detecting signal shown in Fig. 7D appears.
A selection contact output signal of the switch P~c is
applied to AND gates 119-6, 119~9 and 119-11 of which
the outputs are applied to a series circuit of OR gates
119-31 and 119-32. The output signal from the series
circuit causes AND gates 119-33 and 119-19 to produce
2 5 5
- 66 -
a slow release clock signal ~sr at the time that the
slow release state signal supplied rom the circuit in
Fiq~ 7D is generated. The AND gate 119-3 produces an
output at the time that a high release state detecting
S signal or an attack state de~ecting signal supplied
from the circuit in Fig. 7D through an OR gate 119-37
is generated and, upon receipt of the output from the
gate 119-3, AND gate 119-22 produces a high release
clock signal ~hr or an attack clock signal ~A. A
release clock signal ~B outputted from the AND gate
119-24, a decay clock signal ~D outputted from the
AND gate 119-30, a slow clock signal ~sr outputted
from the AND gate 119-19, à high release clock signal
outputted from the AND gate 119-22 are applied, as an
envelope clock signal outputted from a series circuit
from OR gates 119-34, 119-35 and 119-36, to the inhibit
gate 63 shown in Fig. 7D.
An addition value designation circuit 120
designates an addition value to an adder 55 for
envelope shown in Fiq. 7C in attack, decay, release,
slow release and high release states. A rise time and
a Lall time of an envelope with respect to time may
be rapidly be controlled by adding (~) or subtracting
t-) an addition value with an envelope coefficient
~5 value specified. A switch Aa is a selecting switch
with five contacts. The contact output signals cause
AND gates 120-1 to 120-5 to produce addition command
23
- 67 -
signals "+1", "+2", "+4", "-~8" and "+32" through O~
gates 120-6 to 120-10. Da denotes a selecting switch
with five contacts. The contact output signals cause
AND gates 120-11 to 120-15 and OR gates 120-6 to 120 10
to produce addition value command signals "+1", "+2",
- "+4", "~8" and ll+32llo When a release state detecting
signal is produced, a "+l" addition command signal is
produced through an OR gate 120 16. When a slow release
state detecting signal is produced, a "+l" addition
value command signal is produced through an OR gate
120-17. When a high release state detecting signal is
generated, a "+8" addition command signal is produced
through an OR gate 120-18. Those addition value signals
are supplied to an adder 55 shown in Fig. 7C, through
AND gates 67-1 to 67 5.
The time clock siynals in the first and second
counting sections outputted from the AND gates 115 10,
115-12, 115-14, 115-16 and 115-17 are selected, as
indicated by circular symbols " O" in Fig. 30, in
2~ accordance with indications by the vibrato clock
selection circuit 116 and the envelope clock selecting
circuit 119. Further, an addition value to the adder
55 for envelope may be selected in synchronism with
the time clock signal selected.
Figs. 32, 33 and 34 show time-variations of
envelope coefficient values in attack, decay and release
state.
` ~ ~6~2~
- 68 -
The timing signal (with an 8~0 width) corresponding
to a performance key actuated outputted from the key -
operation timing detecting circuit 114 is applied to
a key input synchronizing F/F 107-1 of which the output
is coupled with an AND gate 107-3. The AND gate 107-3
produces an output signal in synchronism with a set
output signal from a flip-flop 115-21 for chattering
prevention and is applied to the inhibit gate 107-4
which in turn produces a key-on signal. The inhibit
gate 107-4 provides an output signal to an AND gate
107-6, when receiving a first and one-shot key-on signal
by a new key operation when the output signal from a
48-bit shift register 107-5 corresponding to the number
(48) of performance keys is "0", as will be described
later. The AND gate 107-6 responds to a reset signal
(representing a vacant line memory in the envelope
register 54) outputted from the inhibit gate 68 shown
in Fig. 7A and produces an 1nput lndication signal
mentioned above for setting a pitch input data of a
new key and an attack state of an envelope in the
vacant memory. The input indication signal also
designates a plurality of line memories in accordance
with a multlple performance designation state. The
reset signal outputted from the inhibit gate 68 shown
in Fig. 7A is applied to the AND gate 107-7 and the
inhibit gate 107-8 of the input control circuit 107.
The output of the AND gate 107-7 is held through the
:
1 2 ~ ~
- 69 -
OR gate 107-9 and the inhibit gate 107-10 and is
coupled with an inhibit of which the outputting is
inhibited by the inhibit gate 107. The AND gate 107-7
and the inhibit gate 107-8 are supplied as a gate signal,
the output ~ the duet signal designation, from the
control timing generating circuit 102, the signal
indicated by (c) and (d) shown in Fig. 28A which is for
a quartet designation and a constant "1" signal with no
multiple performance designation, and a signal shown in
(b) of Fig. 28A which is for an octet designation. The
signals shown in (b) of Fig. 28A inhibit the outputting
of an inhibit gate 107-10 through an inhibit gate 107-12
from the output ~ and releases the hold. Accordingly,
the inhibit gate 107~11 produces a signal in synchronism
with the output ~ signal corresponding to the multiple
performance designation and the AND gate 107-6 produces
an output signal at the generation of the key~on slgnal.
The output signal from the AND gate 107-6 is supplied
to the inhibit gate 107-13 and the ~ND gate 107-1~.
The AND gate 107-14 produces an output signal in
synchronism with the output ~ signal from the control
timing generating circuit 102. The output is then
applied to the flip-flop 107-16 for providing a one bit
delay (delay time of 1~0) through the OR gate 107-lS.
The output of the flip-flop is applied through the
inhibit gate 107-17 to the gate 107-15. Through this
connection, it recirculates. The recirculation is held
~ 16~2~
- 70 -
until the inhibit gate 107-17 is inhibited by an output
signal ((b) of Fig. 28A) from the output ~ of the
control timing generating circuit 102. ~ccordinglv,
the output signal from the inhibit gate 107-13 continues
its outputting from the output generation of ~he AND
gate 107-6 until it is inhibited by the output signal
from the inhibit gate 107-17. Accordingly, the inhibit
gate 107-13 produces input designation signals with
a 1~0 width (in the case of no multiple performance
10 designation), a 2~0 width (in the case of a duet
designation), a 4~0 width (quartet designation) and
an 8~0 width (octet designation~. In the case of the
duet designation, four combinations, memory lines L0
and Ll, L2 and L3, L~ and L5, and L6 and L7 are used;
in the case of the quartet designation, two memory
line combinations L0 to L3 and L4 to L7 are used; in
the case of the octet designation, a single combination
L0 to L7 is used. The same pitch input code is applied
to a plurality of line memories of the scale code
register 20 and the octave code register 21, and at
the same time a plurality of line memories of the
envelope register 5~ shown in Fig. 7D is in attack
state, and the respective registers are in an operation
ready condition~ Thus, the output signal of the A~D
gate 107-6, together with the output signal of the
flip-flop 107-16 with one bit delay, is applied to the
AND gate 107-20 through the OR gate 107 18 and the OR
~ ~4~
- 71 -
gate 107-19 to which the output signal from the shift
register 107-5 is applied. The OR gate 107-18 produces
an output signal in synchronism with the input designa-
tion signal, and its output signal is supplied as a
write signal to the shift register 107-5 by the timing
signal corresponding to the key depressed and outputted
from the OR gate 107-21. When receiving a "1" signal,
the shift register 107-5 is shifted in synchronism with
the timing signal (~b) of Fig. 28A~ irom the output
~ from the control iiming generator 102. The loaded
signal is recirculatingly held so long as a performance
key is depressed, but the circulation ceases when the
key is released. The output of the AND gate 107-20
is supplied as a gate inhibit signal to the inhibit
gate 107-22.
Upon the depression of the performance keyr a
key-on signal outputted from the inhibit gate 107-4
sets the flip-flop 107-24 by way of the OR gate 107-23.
The set output is recirculated through the inhibit
gat.e 107-25, The circulation holding is released at
the ~eneration of the output signal from an AND gate
107-26 or logically summing the timing signal ((f)
of Fig. 29B) from the output ~ of the synchronizing
signal generating circuit 109 and the output signal
'rom a carry flip-flop (F/F) 107-2. The set output
of the flip-flop 107-24 is applied to the inhibit
gate 115-22 in the clock time generating circuit 115,
~ 16~25~
- 72 -
thereby to cause the third counting section in the
shift register to start its counting operation.
Therefore, the holding time can be obtained from the
third counting section. In this system, the holding
time is selected to be approximately 45 ms after a
performance key is depressed. The set output signal
of the flip-flop 107-24, together with the output
signal from the switch OA for organ like volume
designation, is applied to the inhibit gate 107-22
through the OR gate 107-27. The output signal from
the gate 107-22 is applied to the AND gate 107-28.
The AND gate 107-28 has been supplied with a coincident
signal from a coincident circuit 1210 The AND gate
107-28 produces a high release set ( ~ set) which
in turn is set in a high release synchronizing set
register 91 throuyh the OR gate 92 shown in Fig. 7D.
The coincident circuit 121 is used to check whether a
pitch input code outputting from the respec~ive stages
l~ 2~ Sl, S2, S4 and S8 of the counters 108 and 111
coincides with a pitch output code outputted from the
scale code register 20 and the octave code register
21 shown in Fig. 7A. When the switch OA designates
OFF, a pitch code is loaded into line memories of the
scale code register 20 and the octave code register
21l within the holding time (approximately 45 ms) of
the flip-flop 107-24. In case where a performance
key is released, the AND gate 107-28 produces a high
~ ~.6~5~
- 73 -
release set signal and it is in high release state.
As described above, the high release state indicates
a state that, when a performance key is released, a
sound rapidly disappears. In case where the switch OA
designates ON, if the performance kçy is released (AND
gate 107-20 produces no output~, the line memory with
the same pitch output code as that of the released
performance key is set to be in a high release state.
Through this operation, a satisfactory key of state
is realized.
As described above according to the construction
of the invention, a plurality of waveforms may be
simultaneously designated and composed, andr in
different waveforms, rises and falls of volume may be
made different. Therefore, a musical sound obtained
has natural and rich timbre. In the example mentioned
above, two kinds o~ volume curves ~ and ~ are designated.
However, two or more volume curves may be designated
within the scope of the invention.
~0 In the scale period control system according to
the invention, a period setting control value of the
period setting means for setting the period of counting
means, corresponding to the scale, is divided into
coarse and fine values, taking account of one dynamic
shiEt circulation of each of a plurality of line
memories (a total of 8). With such divided values,
the counting up ~+) of a coun~er may be diyitally
'. ~ .
2 ~ ~
- 74 -
controlled in accordance with the respective scales.
Additionally, the control value is stored by a matrix
circuit so that the circuit construction is very simple
and is suitable for LSI fabrication. In the embodi-
ment, the counting control of the counter is described
~ relating to only an advance control. However, a delay
(-) control may be permitted by pulling clocks of the
counter means counted by a given clock frequency, in
accordance with the scale.
Also in the above embodiment, the waveform
program designation unit 35 for each block shown in
Fig. 7A is of switch designation as shown in Fig. 16.
In alteration r desiynation states previously selected
are permanently stored in a fixed memory stored in
a fixed memory such a read only memory (ROM). The
designation states may be stored in a magnetic card
and, in use, those are read out and stored in a
temporary memory such as flip-flop. The number of
blocks oE one perlod of a musical sound wave is not
limited to 16. The differential coefficient values
for each block are not limited in number to "1", "2ll,
"4". ~ filter circuit may be added at the succeeding
stage of the D-A converter. In this case, a plurality
of filters may be used for switch selection thereoE.
This scheme provides sound effects with different
resonance characteristics and echo characteristics
of musical instruments with acoustic or brasses, or
- : :
.
~ 1 6~
- 75 -
different transmission characteristics of brasses.
Further, the scale code regis~er 20, the octave code
register 21, the period counting register 34, and the
envelope register 54 may be constructed by a random
access memory (RAM). Many and various other modifica-
tions of the circuit constructions may be permitted
within the spirit of the invention.
