Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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3L31~753
~ his invention relates to a flame retention burner
head for the combustion of liquid and/or gaseous products.
More particularly~ the invention relates to a combustion
system for oil or gas in which there is provided a burner head
~hich ensures a better mixture of air and oil or gas, thereby
making it possible to improve the combustion efficiency of the
heaterO Speci~ically~ the present invention provides a diffu-
ser cone or baffle associated with a specially constructed com-
bination valve and disperser vrhich substantially improves the
combustion efficiency of a combustion chamberO
In an effort to provide a combustion system with
higher efficiency7 means have been disclosed which are charac-
terized by a more thorough mixing of atomized oil or gas and airO
For example, U.S. Patent No. 2,485,207 proposes the use of a
perforated cylindrical tube inside the system, as well as a
pump for supplying oil to the nozzle at a predetermined pressure.
This slightly improves the combustion efficiency, but not to a
level which would normally be expected of an excellent combus-
tion chamber.
U.S. Patent No. 4,313,721 discloses an oil burner dif-
fuser which is in the form of a forwardly positioned cone ha-
ving a central opening and a series of holes peripherally spa-
ced around a central opening. This perforated cone certainly
improves the mixing of air and oil or gas, but is still in need
of some improvement if a high degree of efficiency is to be a-
chieved in the combustion chamber~
Denis Lefebvre,in U.S.Patent ~o.3,733,169 discloses a
flameretention headassembly ofthe ~ypeincluding asystem of vanes
intended to impart a swinging motion to the air stream rrhich
passes through the cylindrical ring provided in the head assem-
bly. This swinging air motion of the air stream causes a turbu-
lence in the air stream with a resulting improved combustion of
the flame produced by ignition o~ the fuel emitted by the nozzle.
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With the high price of energy, although this system constitutes
an improvement over the devices known in the art, it is not suffi-
ciently efficient and is therefor in need o further improvement.
U.S. 2,665,748 describes a fuel burner which incor-
porates a diffuser cone to provide a better mixing of the fuel
and air in order to burn the fuel with greater efficiency.
Although this is an improvement over known burner, the greater
efficiency that is proclaimed is still not completely adequate,
especially in view of the present cost of fuel. It seems that
the mixing although improved is not completely adequate.
Other related art which is considered of interest but
is not deemed pertinent includes U.S. 2,247,548 and 2,694,444.
It is therefore an object of the present invention
to provide a combustion system whose combustion efficiency is
above the presently known systems.
It is another object of the present invention to
provide a flame retention burner head enabling an improved
combustion of liquid and/or gaseous products.
It is still another object of the present invention
to provide a specially constructed venturi including a
combination valve and disperser which is associated with a
diffuser cone or baffle.
In accordance with the present invention, there
is provided 2 system chamber for the combustion of liquid
and/or gaseous products including a cylindrical housing, a
burner head mounted in the cylindrical housing, means for
supplying combustion products to the burner head, means for
separately supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the burner head,
means to cause mixing and ignition of the combustion products
and oxygen-containing gas, and a conical baffle to concentrate
the combustion mixture toward a short combustion zone. This
-~ system has a combination valve and disperser, means in
communication with the conical baffle to adjust the amount of
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combustion products fed to the burner head and to outwardly
disperse same for thorough mixing with the oxygen-containing
gas before the mixture reaches the combustion ~one.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the in-
vention, the combination valve and disperser means comprises
stationary vane means constructed and arranged to cause whir-
ling of the oxygen-containing gas and of the outwardly dispersed
combustion products thereby additionally improving the mixing
of the combustion products with the oxygen-containing gas to
give a more efficient burning flame in the combustion zone.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the in-
vention, the oxygen -containing gas supply means is associated
with blade means arranged to provide a linear trajectory to the
oxygen-containing gas being supplied to the burner head through
the conical baffle.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the in-
vention, a tubular member is axially mounted in the cylindrical
housing to feed the combustion products to the combustion zone,
the tubular member having one end in communication with the com-
bustion products inlet~ the other end of the tubular housingbeing connected to the combination valve and disperser means.
The invention will now be illustrated by means of
the following non restricting drawings in which,
FIGURE 1 is a cross-section view through a combustion
chamber according to the invention;
FIGURE 2 is a cross-section view of the combustion
valve and disperser characterizing the invcntion, in closed po-
sition of the valve;
FIGURE 3 is a view similar to FIGURE 2 showing the
opening of the combination valve and disperser;
FIGURE 4 is a perspective view showing the stationa-
ry rlhirling blades;
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~ IGURE 5 is a schematic illustration of the whirling
of the combustion products and oxygen-containing gas;
FIGURE 6 is a cross-section view showing the intro-
duction of the combustion products, the oxygen-containing gas
and the inlet for the secondary preheating device;
FIGUR~ 7 is a front view of the baffle;
FIGURE 8 is a rear view of the baffle;
FIGURE 9 is a view showing a plate in the oxygen-con-
taining gas for defining a linear trajectory -to the oxygen-con-
taining gas;
~ IGUR~ 10 is a view taken along line 10 - 10 of FIGUR~
9; and
FIGURE 11 is a partial view similar to FIGURE 9, with
a portion being cut away~ sho~ng the lateral adjustment of a
plate~
Referring to the drawings, more particularly
FIGURE 1, it will be seen that the system 1 which is il-
lustrated includes a cylindrical housing 3, and an inlet 5 com-
bined ~th a tubular member 7 for supplying combustion products,
such as gas or an oil spray, to the burner head 9. The
system 1 also includes an air inlet 11 ( FIGURE 6 ) for se-
parately supplying air to the burner head 9, After having tra-
velled through the cylindrical casing (inside the tubular member
7 9 in the case of the gas or oil spray) both the air and '~he
gas or oil spray meet where they are mixed before reaching the
burner head 9 where they ignite. In order to provide a short
and effective combustion zone 12, the system 1 com-
prises a conical baffle 13 of somewhat standard construction.
This element 13 of the combustion chamber is used to concentra-
te the combustion mixture of air and gas or oil toward a shortcombustion zone 12. In addition, and this is what mostly
characterizes this invention, the system comprises a
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combination valve and disperser 15 which is in communication
with the ~nical baffle, The purpose of the combination valve
and disperser is to adjust the amount of gas or oil fed to the
burner head 9 and to outwardly disperse the mi~ture of oil or
gas and air as shovm in FIGURE 1 for a thorough mixlng v~th ad-
ditional air before the mixture reaches the combustion zone.
; Having generally described the system 1 according
to the invention, with particular reference -~o FIGURE
; 1 of the drawings, a detailed description of the combination
valve and disperser 15 will now be made with particular refe-
rence to FIGURES 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings~
Beforehand however, it should be repeated that the tu-
bular member 7 is axially mounted in the cylindrical housing 3
all in the manner as illustrated in FIGURE 1 of the drawings.
As shovm, this tubular member 7 extends nearly the entire
length of the cylindrical housing 3 of the system 1 so as
to feed the oil or gas to the combustion zone associated with
the burner head 9. Also as shown~ the tubular member 7 has one
end 19 in communication lvith the oil or gas inlet 5~ ~rhile the
other end 21 of the tubular member is connected to the combina-
tion ~alve and disperser 15 vrhich v~ill now be described.
The combination valve and disperser 15 comprises a
sleeve 23 having one end 25 threadedly engaged over the threaded
end 27 of the tubular member 7. On the other hand, the other end
29 of the sleeve 23 is formed into a toothed edge 31, as particu-
larly shovm in FIGURE 4 of the dra~ngs. The combination valve
and disperser 15 also comprises a conical outwardly tapering
member 33 v~hose smaller end~ as particularly shovm in FIGUR~S
2 and 4 is mounted inside the sleeve 23. Its larger end is for-
med into a toothed ring 35 vJhich, as shovm in FIGURE 4 is capa-
ble of meshing engagement with the toothed edge 31 of the sleeve
23. FIGURE 2 shows the toothed edge 31 fully engaged with the
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toothed ring 35, vJhile FIGURE 3 shows the openings 37 formed
by disengaging the toothed ring 35 ~rom the ~ully engaged posi-
tion illustrated in FIGURE 2~ The mechanism which is used for
varying the sizes of the openings 37 by disengaging the toothed
ring 37 will now be illustrated v~ith particular reference to
FIGURES 1 and 2.
First, it must be pointed out that the disengagement
mentioned above is the result of an axial displacement o~ the
conical outwardly tapering member 33 relative to the sleeve 23.
This obviously enables to vary the size of the openings 37. In
this manner the gas or oil spray which enters through the tubu-
lar member 7 outwardly diffuses along the tapering surface 39
of the tapering member 33 and exits from the combination valve
and disperser through the openings 37, in adjusted amounts de-
pending on the size o~ the openings 37~ Thereafter~ the gas or
oil spray is dispersed in the conical baffle 13 for improved
mixing with air. For a better distribution of the gas or oil
spray pri~r to its entry past the baffle 13 into the combustion
zone 12, the tapering member 33 has on its surface 39 three
equally spaced radially extending triangular ~ins 41.
To do this~ there is a threaded ring 43 secured in an
elbow ~5 connecting the gas or oil inlet 5 and the tubular mem-
ber 17. Also, there is a rod 47 which has a threaded portion ~9
ending in a screw head 51 (FIGURE 1) and another threaded por-
tion 53 (FIGURE 3). The threaded portion 49 is engaged b~ the
threaded ring 43 as shown at the le~t o~ FIGURE 1. The screw
head 51 is protected by covering it with a protector cap 55. ~he
threaded portion 53 o~ the rod 47 is securedly threaded into a
rotatable connector 57 as sho~lm in FIGURE 2. Securing of the
30 threaded portion 53 is made possible by tightening it v~ith tigh-
tening screw 59. In addition, there is a bolt 61 whose head 63
is rotatably mounted in kno~m. manner in the rotatable connector
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57 all as sholvn in FIGU~S 2 an~ 3. To ena~ f~ee rotation of
the rotatable connector 57~ the bolt 61 has a circumferential
groove 65 formed therein near the bolt head ~3 and a follovJer
67 is mounted in the rotatable connector 57. The bolt 61 also
has a threaded portion 69 which, as sho~m in the same FIG~RES 2
and 3, is threadedly engaged in knovm manner in the smaller end
of the tapering member 33. In this manner, when scre~Jing the
rod 47 at its screw head 51~ after ha~ing removed the screv~ cap
55~ the rotatable connector 51 is ipso facto rotated and moved
toward the combustion zone ~Jhich causes the tapering member 33
to axially move toward the baffle 13 thereby enlarging the ope-
nings 37. When unscrewing the rod 47, a reverse operation is
carried out to cause reduction of the size of the openings 47.
Although the combination valve and disperser 15 has
been found to greatly improve the combustion efficiency, mainly
in an industrial furnace~ it vras realised that it was possible
to provide still further improvement by creating a whirling of
the air and the oil or gas after the latter has been dispersed
by the combination valve and disperser 15 which has been descri-
bed abo~e. This is made possible by providing the sleeve 23 im-
mediately adjacent the toothed adge 31 thereof with a series of
outwardly projecting stationary blades 71 which are obliquely
mounted and regularly distributed, as particularly shown in FIGU-
RE 4 of the drawingsO The blades could be unitary with the slee-
ve 23 and toothed edge 31 or the three units can be separate and
combined together in knovm manner as shov~ in the drawingsO Il
v~ill be seen ~lith particular reference to FIGURES 1 and 5 of the
dra~!lings that the series of obliquely arranged blades 71 v~ill
cause a r/hirling of the portion of the air v~hich does not enter
the combination valve and disperser 15. There is also provided
a second series of out~ardly projecting stationary blades 73 im-
mediately adjacent the toothed ring 31. ~s in the case of the
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blades 71, blades 73 are also obliquely mounted and regularly
distributed, again as shown in FIGURE 4 of the drawings. The
blades 73 project from a circular plate 75 which is bolted by
means of bolt 77 at the larger end of the taperiny member 33,
as shown in FIGURES 2 and 3 of the drawings. This second
series of blades 73 will cause a whirling of the oil or gas and
some air dispersed by the tapering member 33. The net result,
as shown in FIGURE 5, is a deep and thorough mixing of the com-
bustion mixture before it enters the combustion zone 12 where
an improved combustion efficiency will be obtained. Also
illustrated in FIGURE 5 and as shown in FIGURE 1 the system
comprises a tapering member 78 which gives a choke effect
on the air resulting in a better mixing of the combustion
mixture.
In order to still improve the efficiency of the
system 1 according to the invention, it has been found that
the air which is fed into the system 1 for mixing with gas or
oil should travel along a linear trajectory as indicated by the
arrows in FIGURE 6 so as to prevent all possible rotation
movement thereof. For this purpose, the system 1 has a
distributing chamber 79 which is in communication with the
cylindrical housing 3 as shown in FIGURES 1 and 6, to feed
the air all around the tubular member 17. As shown in
FIGURE 6, the inlet 11 laterally leads into the distributing
chamber 79. With particular reference to FIGURES 1, 6 and 8
to 11, it will be seen that three radial plates 81 are
radially mounted and equally spaced around the cylindrical
housing 3. The plates 81 are mounted in known manner such as
illustrated in FIGURES 9, 10 and 11 by means of shafts 83 and
brackets 85. I~ may be desired to increase or decrease the
size of the distributing chamber 79, in which case the plate is
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moved along the shaft 83. Securing of the bracket 85 on the
shaft 83 is made possible by means of the locking screw 87.
The operation of the system 1 is conventional
except that the sizes of the openings 37 are adjustea
depending on the nature of the fuel, temperature desired and
efficiency obtainable.
Also conventional is the preheating of the burner
head. This can be obtained by providing a secondary gas or oil
inlet 89 into the cylindrical housing 3, as particularly shown
in FIGURE 1 of the drawings. At the outlet 91 of this fuel
duct a combustible mixture is formed which is ignited by the
sparking device 93. This produces a secondary combustion zone
which preheats the burner head and facilitates ignition of the
combustion chamber.
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SUPPLEMENTARY DISCLOSURE
It has also been found that it may'be desired to
dispense with the conical baffle.
FIGURE 12 is a perspective view similar to FIGURE 4
which is associated with a choking device.
In the case illustrated in FIGURE 12, the air is
directed toward the combustion mixture exiting from the venturi
by means of choke-type tapering member 95.
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