Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
This invention relates to trays consisting of a
plurality of rods or wires welded to one another, and more
particularly to such a tray for use in supporting dishes in a
dishwasher.
The invention will be described with reference to a
particular tray for use in a dishwasherO However this tray is
exemplary of many trays which could be used to support and
locate elements such as dishes and the like.
Dishwasher trays are conventionally made up of wires
or rods welded orthogonally to one another to form a floor
and integral end and side walls. Such trays are made by first
forming individual rods, placing them in a suitable fixture, and
adding at least one loop or continuous peripheral rod which must
be located about ends of upright rods in the walls. The
structure is then welded at intersections of the rods. The
method is time consuming and labour intensive.
Most dishwasher trays also include upstanding fingers
which axe welded to the main rods in the floor and which are
used to ~upport upturned cups, glasses, etc. These fingers
must be attached individually and as a result the strength of
connection varies greatly. Further, because the ends are
exposed, there is a tendency for p~otecti~e coatin~s of
synthetic plastic material to wear away at ends of the fingers
resulting in discolouration and eventually rusting.
In accordance with the present invention there is
provided apparatus for making a tray of the type used to
support dishes in a dishwasher, the apparatus comprising:
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means for supporting a mat or rods arranged ortho-
gonally and consisting of a plurality of longitudinal rods and
transverse rods, the longitudinal rods being in two ~roups, a
first group having cen~ral portions attached to central portions
of the transverse rods, and a second group having central portions
attached to respective end portions of the transverse rods;
bottom die means underlying the mat below said central
portions;
top die means cooperatively arranged above the bottom
die;
first actuator means coupled to the dies for sequent-
ially moving the die means to form the floor of the tray from
said central portions;
first deflector means positioned at sides of the floor;
second actuator means operably coupled to the deflector
means to deflect the end portions of the transverse rods upwardly
to defirle upstanding side walls which include the second group
of l.ongitudinal rods;
second de1ector means located at ends of the floor;
third actuator means coupled to the second deflector
means and operable to move this deflector means upwardly to
deflect end portions of the first group of longitudinal rods
upwardly into the respective planes of a pair of end walls;
corner dies for moyement hori~ontally at parallel with
5 the end walls;
fourth actuator means coupled to the corner dies and
operable to move these dies to deflect the end portions o the
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second group of longitudinal rods out of the respective planes
of the side walls into the planes of the end walls; and
me~ns for operating ~he actuators sequentially to
convert the mat into a tray having a floor and pairs of end
and side walls.
This and other objects of the invention will be
better understood from the following description and drawings
in which:
Fig~ 1 is a si~plifi,ed perspecti~e vi.ew of a
preferred embodiment of the invention as applied to a
dishwasher tray;
E~ig. 2 is a perspective vie~ of a mat us,ed tQ
make the dishwashex tray;
Figs~3 a~nd 4 are also perspective vi.e~s showing
stages in the construction of the tray from the mat;
Fig. S is a simplified side view of a preferred
embodiment of apparatus used to make the tray from the mat
and shown after partially orming the tray;
Fig. 6 is a sectional plan view of the apparatus on
line 6-6 of Fig~ S and .showin~ a ma.t in pla.ce pri.or to formi,n~;
Fig~ 7 to 13 are diagrammatic side views of the
apparatus and illustrating the steps of a preferred method o~
forming the floor and upstanding fingers of the tray, and
Fig. 14 is an end view of the apparatus and further
illustrating the method.
A tray will be describ~d as an exemplary embxl~lnt of the preferred form
~f the Lnvention. This emxx~n~n~ is s~lcwn in Fig. 1 where it will be seen
that the tray consists generally of a floor 20, end walls 22a,
22b and side walls 24a, 24b. The floor 20 is made of angled
sections for supporting dishes in various positions for enhanced
water drainage and a series of fingers 26 are upstanding from
the floor. The complete tray or basket is made up of ~wires
or rods welded to one another orthogonally. To simplify des-
cription, the rods extending between the ends 22a, 22b will be
described as "longitudinal" ~hereas those extending between the
sides 24a, 24b will be described as being "transverse".
The formation of the tray will be described generally
with reference initally to Figs. 1 to 4 and then subseguently
in more detail with referencQ to apparatus shown in Fi~. 6,
7 and 14. Further, the method will be highlighted with
reference to the sequential Figs. 7 to 13.
Reference is now made to Fig. 2 which illustrates
a mat designated generally by the numeral 28 and used as a basis
or making ~he tray. The mat is created by welding orthogonally
a plurality of longitudinal rods to a plurality of transverse
rods. The longitudinal rods consist of a pair of central
rods 30a and 30b, intermediate rods 32a, 32b, outer rods 34a,
34b, lower wall rods 36a, 36b, intermediate wall rods 38a, 38b
and upper wall rods 40a, 40bo It will be evident from this
drawing that the rods designated with the su~fix "a" are
positioned symmetrically around a central line with reference
to the similarly numbered rods designated with the suffix "b".
By contrast, transverse rods 42 are equally spaced and terminate
at the upper wall rods 40a, 40b.
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For the purposes of description it is convenient
to break the mat 28 into portions which become parts of walls.
The portions of the rods which become part of the floor 20
(Fig. 1) are designated as "central portions". These are
effectively those parts of the longitudinal rods which cross
the transverse rods, and in the case of the transverse rods,
the term refers to the portions extending between the longit-
udinal outer rods 34a and 34b. Those parts of the longitudinal
rods extending beyond the transverse rods will be referred to
as "end portions" and those portions of the transverse rods
which extend outwardly beyond the longitudinal rods 34a, 34b
will have a similar designationO Also, as indicated by the
~erminology used, the longitudinal rods fall into two distinct
groups. The rods 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b, 34a, and 34b form a
first group whereas the other rods form a second group. The
distinction between the groups is that those of the first group
have end portions which eventually will become vertical in the
end walls whereas the end portions in the second group will
become horizontal in the end walls. This will be evident from
a careful review of Fig. 1 but will be described in more detail
subsequently.
The arrangement of the walls will be better under-
stood with reference to Figs. 3 and 4. As seen in Fig. 3, the
floor 20 has been formed and the end portions of the transverse
rods 42 have been turned upwardly into the general plane of the
side walls 24a, 24b. This completes the forming of the txans-
verse rods and the remainder of the forming to define the end
walls
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~2a, 22b (Fig.l) takes place independently of the transverse
rods 42.
After reaching the position shown in Fig. 3, the end
portions of the first group of longitudinal rods are deflected
upwardly into ~he position shown in Fig 4. Next, end portions
of the second group o longitudinal rods which now lie in the
planes of the respective side walls are deflected horizontally
into the plane of the end walls and in contact with respective
end portions of the longitudinal rods 32a, 3~b, 34a, and 34b.
This position is best seen in Fig~ 1 which shows the end
portions of the longitudinal rods extending horizontally from
the side walls and ~erminatins at the respective upturned long-
itudinal rods 32a, 32b. The structure is completed by attaching
tWG groups of three auxiliary rods 44, 46 which are attached to
the upturned end portions of the longitudinal rods 32a/ 32b and
to the upturned end portions of ~he longitudinal rods 30a, 30b.
These auxiliary rods consolidate the structure and maintain the
walls in fixed rigid relationship with one anotherO
Reference will next be made to Figs. 5 and 6 to
describe the apparatus as it is used ko form the 100r 20 (Fig.l)
of the tray. The description of Figs. 5 and 6 will be associated
with description of the method as illustrated in Figs. 7 to 13
As seen in Fig 5, a support frame 45 carries a fixed
central lower die 47, a pair of lower intermediate dies 48a, 48b
which border the fixed die 47 and a pair of end dies 50a, 50b
adjacent the intermediate di~. The dies 48a, 48b can be moved
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generally vertically by respectiye actuators 52a, 52b and
similarl~, the dies 50a, 5ab can be moved by actuators 54a, 54b.
It will be noted that the dies are arranged to move with a
slight offset from the vertical. The angle of this offset is
dictated by the desired positions and shapes of the intermediate
walls in forming parts of the bottom of the tray. Similarly,
upper dies are arranged to move along corresponding lines. An
upper central die 56 can be driven ver~ically by an actuator
58 whereas upper intermedia~e dies 60a, 60b can be moved in
alignment with corresponding lower dies by actuators 62a, 62b.
Similarly, upper end dies 64a, 64b are driven by actuators 66a,
66b in alignment with corresponding lower actuators 54a, 54b.
The dies described thus far are used to shape the bottom of the
tray. However, in order to complete the shape defined by Fig.3,
the end portions of the transverse rods 42 (Fig.33 must be moved
upwardly carrying with them the second group of longitudinal rods.
This is achieved by two side plates 68a, 68b which are pivoted
on supports 70a, 70b and driven by respective actuators 72a, 72b.
The effect of operating the actuators is to pivot the side plates
68a, 68b into the position shown which carries the end portions
of the transverse rods upwardly to form t~e side wall. Sides o~
the outer or end dies 64a, 64b are used in combination with the
plates 68a, 68b to locate the end portions of the rods. It will
be appreciated that the dies and side plates are recessed when
necessary to accommodate longitudinal rods s:ince the forming
operation is bending the ~ransverse rods and not the longitudinal
rods.
The arrangement of the side plates 68a, 68b can
be see~ in Fig. 6 which also illustrates the arrangement of
the mat 28 prior to forming in the apparatus. Initially the
mat is supported on elements 73a, 73b shown in Fig. 5 which
also locates the mat relative to the dies~ The forming
operation commences when the central upper die 56 is brought
downwardly into contact with the mat as shown in Fig. 7.
Reference is next made to Fig. 7 ~o describe the
initial step of forming a central portion 74 of the fl~or of
the tray. As will be seen in Fig. 7 the fixed die 47 supports
the mat 28 while the upper central die 56 moves downwardly into
engagement with the mat to deflect the transverse wires into
the shape shown. The top of the die 47 is ridged into the
shapegenerally of an inverted "V" and includes upwardly~
extending peripherial lips 76a, 76b. These lips combine with
rounded edges on the die 56 to deflect the mat upwardly in
, preparation for the next forming step. This upward angulation
in e~fect gives a lead for the intermediate dies 48a, 48b which~
as better seen in Fig. 8 are made to move upwardly. This upward
movement has the effect o~ wrapping the mat 28 about the die 56
into the position shown in Fig. 8. As better seen in Fig. 7
the die 56 defines rounded shoulders 78a, 78b against which the
mat 28 is driven by the dies 48a, 48b causing the outward and
downward deflection of the mat in preparation for the step
following that shown in Fig. 8. Before proceeding to Fig. 9
it should be noted that the dies 48a, 48b define lips 80a,
80b similar to the lips 76a, 76b of the die 47. These lips
comhine with respect to
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rounded edges 82a, 82~ of upper dies 60ar 60b in a su~sequent
step as will be described.
After completing the step illustrated in Fig. 8, the
dies 48a, 48b are withdrawn to a point shown in Fig. ~. The
upper intermediate dies 60a, 60b are then moved downwardly to
slide do~n the sides of the die 56 into engagemen~ with ~he
mat which has portions projecti~g outwardly and downwardly from
the die 56. Those portions of ~he mat in contact with the die
56 lie in a plane parallel to the line o~ action of the respective
adjacent upper dies 60a, 60b so that these portions of the mat
are resistent to deflection by these dies. Consequently when
the dies come into contact with the outward portions of the mat
the mat is initially deflected downwardly ending about portions
adjacent the raspective shoulders 78a, 78b of the die 56. Then
lS the portions are swept downwardly by the dies into a position
shown in Fig. 10 where the final movement of the dies causes
the rounded edges 82a, 82b to combine with the lips 80a, 80b
of the dies 48a, 48b to again deflect outward portions ~f the
mat upwardly as shown in Fi~. 10. The result is to form fingers
26 above respective intermediate walls 84a, 84b forming parts
of the floor of the tray. ~lso, in~ermedi.ate and angled portions
86a, 86b of the floor are created below dies 60a/ 60b.
The process described with reference to Figs. 9 and 10
is effectively repeated to create further rows of fingers and
intermediate walls. As seen in Fig. li, the dies 50a, 50b
are moved upwardly to sweep the mat around ~he dies 60a, 60b
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and into en~a~ement with shoulders 88a, 88b leavi~g a portion
of the mat deflected down~ardly and out~ardly. (For the sake of
clarity, the entire ma~ is not sho~n which will be evident by
comparison with Fig. 3).
After completing the steps shown in Fig. 11, the lower
dies SOa, SOb are wi~hdrawn partially to the position shown in
Fig. 12 ~efore the upper dies 64a, 64b are ~rought into position
to deflect the mat into the Fig. 13 position thereby defining
further fingers 26 above respective intermediate walls 90a, 90b.
lQ Also, further portions of the floor 92a, 92b are created leaving
the mat in thle condition shown in Fig. 3 with the exception that
end portions of the transverse rods 42 continue outwardly in the
plane of the floor poxtions g2ar 92b and have not yet been
swept upwardly into the Fig. 3 position.
It will be appreciated that the dies have been shown
diagrammatically in Fig. 9 to 13. The actual radii used will
depend upon the diameter of the rods used in the mat and on the
angle of deflection required. Also, recesses for the longitudinal
rods have been shown and this will be evident from Fig. 13 where
these rods are identified using numerals found in Fig. 2.
As previously described with reference to Fig. 5, after
the ~loor has been formed to the shape shown in FigO 13, the
end poxtions of the transverse rods are swept upwardly to form
the side walls by the operation of side plates 68a, 68b driven
by actuators 72a, 72b. A~ter this operation the transverse rods
have been fully formed so that the floor is shaped, the side
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walls are complete, and the mat is in the shape shown in~Fig.
3. It is then necessary to follow the steps of sweeping up the
end portions of the longitudinal ~-ods of the first group into
the position shown in Fig. 4 and then wrapping the end portions
of the second group of longitudinal rods into the end walls to
complete the structure shown in Fig. 1.
The first group of longitudinal rods are swept
upwardly by hinged end plates 94a, 94b shown in Fig. 6. These
plates operate to de1ect the first group of longitudinal rods
in the same manner as the ~ide plates 68a, 68b when sweeping end
poxtionsof the transverse rods. However~ the plates 94a, 94b
also serve to locate the auxiliary rods 44 (Fig. 1) as will be
described. This location is the last step in the assembly.
After the end plates 94a, 94b have been brought into
position by respective actuators 96a, 96b shown in Fig. 14, the
plates are returned to their original positions leaving the mat
in the shape shown in Fig. 4. Next, corner elements or dies
98a, 98b and lOOa, lOOb ~Fig. 6~ are ele~ated by actuators
associated with them such as the actuators 102b and 104b shown
in Fig. 5. This elevatior~ brings the elements into position to
deflect end portions of the second groups of longitudinal rods
some of which are shown in FigO 14 prior to deflectionO The
elements 98a, 98b and lOOa, lOOb are moved horizontally by
associated actuators 106a, 106b and 108a, 108b. This sweeping
action makes use of the top dies 64a, 64b by wrapping the end
portions of the rods around these dies. It will be appreciated
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that the elements ~8a, 98b and lO~a, lOOb will be shaped to
control the movement of the rods and are preferably grooved to
retain the rods as they are de~lected. Also, associated with
these elements are a series of welding heads which are not
shown in the drawing and which will be similar to those to
be described with reference to plates 94a, 94b. These welding
heads are used to cause welds between end portions of the second
group of longitudinal rods which have been swept into position
by the elements 98a, 98b and lOOa, lOOb, and ~he upturned end
portions of the longitudinal rods of the first group 32a, 32b
and 34a, 34b (Figs. 1 and 2). The elements 98a, 98b and lOOa,
lOOb can now be withdrawn and lowered, the side plates 68a, 68b
~Fig. 5) are lowered and the outer top dies 64a, 64b are moved
upwardly. It will be evident from Fig. 5 that ~he shape of these
dies is such that the tray will be deflected as the dies are
withdrawn and this is made possible by a combination of the
resiliency of the material and the fact that the auxiliary rods
44 (Fig. 1) are not yet in place so that the side walls 24a, 24b
are not connected directly to one another above the level o~
the floor.
Next the end plates 94a, 94b are moved upwardly again
carrying with them auxiliary rods 44 located in grooves 110 which
both locate and support the rods during this operation. The
grooves are proportioned so that the rods are slightly proud of
the plate for engagement with end portions of the longitudinal
rods 30a, 30b and 32a, 32b (Fig~ 1). Also, the plates include
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recesses to provide clearance to provide end portions of
the second group of rods which now lie horizontally in
the end walls.
The end plates 94a, 94b are associated with
spot welding heads 112 which are also seen in Fig. 14.
After the plates are brought into position the welding
heads can be energized ko cause welding between ~he
auxiliary rods 44 and the associated end portions of the
central longitudinal rods 30a, 30b and the intermediate
longitudinal rods 32a, 32b (FigO 1)~ The tray is now
complete and the plates 94a, 94b can be pivoted downwardly,
the other dies withdrawn progressively, and the tray lited
from the apparatus.
It will be evident Prom the Fig. 1 description
that the shape of the tray can be varied. As mentioned
earlier, the tray is exemplary of many trays which can be
made using the present method and apparatus. Variations
to the tray are within the sc~pe of the invention. For
instance, a tray which is shaped to extend about a spray
head in a dishwasher can be formed using the same general
procedure in one of two ways. Firstly the apparatus
described can be used with a mat which is shaped to create
only the main part of the tra~. Subsequently the additional
parts can be added~ Alternatively the dies can be shaped
to make the new tray completely from a suitably shaped matO
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Further variations can be made to the shape of
the floor of the tray and also to the end walls. In some
circumstances the auxiliary rods 44 can be omitted provided
that the trapped end dies 64a and 64b are first removed.
It will also be evident that the upper ends of
rods 30a, 30b, 32a, 32b, 34a and 34b will have to be trimmed.
In fact it is preferable to arrange the mat such that the
side rods 36a, 36b~ 38a, 38b, 40a and 40b are proportioned
such that cropping the ends of these rods and the othex
longitudinal rods in one operation will result in the
aforementioned upper ends projecting upwardly sufficient
for cropping. This ensures that the variations in sizes
inevitable in such a structure will not cause the rods such
as rod 30a to fall short of the top of the end walls~ Such
a dimensioning dictates the length of the auxiliary rods
44. A wider tray (a side-to~side measurement) will result
in longer rods 44 whereas a narrower tray could be made
with no auxiliary rods.
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