Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
39~d~
The present invention relates generally to the produc-
tion of bent glass sheets and, more particularly, to an improved
method of and apparatus for bending glass sheets having specially
configurated curvatures.
Bent sheets are commonly used as glazing closures in
vehicles such as automobiles and the like. In one commercial pro-
duction of curved or bent glass sheets in large quantities in a
mass production facility, the sheets are supported in a horizon-
tal plane and advanced on externally driven roll-type conveyors
in a horizontal path successively through a heating area, a bend-
ing area and a heat treating area for annealing or tempering the
bent sheets.
The heated glass sheets are advanced from the heating
furnace to the bending area and accurately located therein be-
tween complemental upper and lower glass shaping press members by
the engagement of the leading edges thereof with locating stops
positioned in the path of movement of the advancing sheets. When
properly oriented, the sheet is engaged along its marginal edge
portions by the lower press member and lifted from the conveyor
rolls for pressing between the complemental shaping surfaces of
the opposed press members. The lower or female press member is
generally of ring-type construction having a shaping rail pro-
vided with a surface which engages only the marginal portions of
the sheet, the rail being segmented in order to clear the con-
veyor rolls when moved upwardly therebetween. ~hile these out-
]ine, ring-type press members have admirably served the purposes
ior which they were designed in bending glass sheets of conven-
tional curvatures, they are not completely satisfactory in shap-
ing glass sheets of nonsymmetrical shapes, such as those required
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for utility as sunroofs in vehicle roof tops or for certain
specially configurated windshields~ for example. The reason for
this is that the sheet tends to drift or slip slightly relative
to the nonsymmetrical shaping surface of the lower press ring as
it is being lifted thereby, as well as when making contact with
the nonsymmetrical shaping surface of the upper press ring. Gen-
erally, the sheet tends to slip or creep toward the side or edge
having the least pronounced curvature, causing the final curva-
ture imparted to the sheet to deviate somewhat from the intended
curvature and resulting in an improperly shaped finished product.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present
invention to overcome the above-noted shortcomings by providing
an improved method of and apparatus for press bending glass
sheets into nonsymmetrical shapes.
It is another object of this invention to provide in
the foregoing method and apparatus, an expedient for preventing
glass sheet slippage in a direction normal to the direction of
movement of the opposed press members when approaching each other
to effect shaping of nonsymmetrical glass sheets.
It is still another object of the present invention to
provide in the foregoing bending apparatus means for clamping the
glass sheet against the female shaping member immediately after
the sheet has cleared the supporting conveyor rolls to avoid any
lateral glass slippage or shifting relative to the press shaping
members.
It is a further object of this invention to provide the
male member with a displaceable shaping rail segment clampingly
engageable with the glass sheet prior to engagement of the sheet
with the major portion of the male shaping surface.
According to the present invention, there is provided a
method of bending a glass sheet comprising: heating a glass
sheet to the softening point thereof, supporting said heated
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sheet between and in spaced relation to a pair of opposed press
members having shaping rails provided with shaping surfaces,
providing one of said shaping rails with a major portion and a
displaceable portion normally disposed out oE the general plane
of said major portion toward the other shaping rail, moving said
other shaping rail toward said one shaping rail to remove said
sheet from said support and carry said sheet into engagement with
said displaceable portion, clamping said sheet between said dis-
placeable portion and said other shaping rail to prevent glass
movement therebetween before engagement of said sheet with said
major portion to impart a final desired shape to said sheet.
Also, according to this invention, there is provided
apparatus for bending a glass sheet comprising: a frame, means
on said frame for supporting a glass sheet, a pair of opposed
movable bending members mounted on said frame on opposite sides
of said sheet, each of said bending members having an outline
shaping rail provided with a shaping surface conforming to the
marginal outline of the glass sheet to be bent, one of said
shaping rails having a fixed major portion and a displaceable
portion normally disposed out of the general plane of said major
portion toward the other shaping rail, means for moving said
other shaping rail toward said one shaping rail for removing said
sheet from said support and carrying said sheet into engagement
with said displaceable portion to clamp said sheet therebetween
prior to engagement of said sheet against said major portion of
said one shaping rail.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary, perspective view of an auto-
mobile showing a glazing closure installed in the roof thereof
and produced in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view, partly in section,
of a press bending apparatus embodying the novel features of this
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invention, and shown interposed between a heating station and a
tempering station;
Fig. 3 i9 a perspective view of the male and female
press members shown in an exaggerated, spaced apart relation;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged bottom plan view oE the upper
male press member;
Fig. 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary, front elevational
view of the male and female press members, looking in the direc-
tion of arrows 5--5 of Fig. 2 and showing a segment of the upper
shaping rail in clamping relation against a glass sheet;
Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view, on an enlarged
scale, taken along the line 6--6 of Fig. 5; and
Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the means for adjusting
the displacement of the clamping segment relative to the major
portion of the male shaping rail.
Referring now in detail to the drawings, there is shown
in Fig. 1 a rooflite 10, sometimes referred to as a "sunroof",
bent to the desired configuration in accordance with the method
and apparatus of this invention and shown installed in the roof
of an automobile 11 of recent design. The rooflite 10 is com-
prised of a large, single, curved glass sheet 12 having a body
portion 13 formed with convex curvatures along both the longi-
tudinal and transverse axes of the sheet. The body portion 13
terminates in opposite down-turned side marginal edge portions 15
that extend into the vehicle side surfaces, a down-turned front
marginal edge portion 16 that extends into the windshield frame
surEace, and a substantially flat rear marginal edge portion 17
that merges or blends into the roof line of the vehicle. The
specific monolithic rooflite 10 shown is exemplary only, it being
understood that the principles of this invention are equally
applicable to the formation of any large, nonsymmetrically curved
glazing closure of either one or more multiple layered sheets of
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glass, such as laminated windshields for example.
Referring now in detail to the illustrative embodiment
depicted in the drawings for carrying out this invention, there
is shown in Fig. 2 a bending and tempering apparatus, comprehen-
sively designated 20, for producing bent tempered glass sheets by
a continuous process in which the sheets S to be treated are
moved successively along a predetermined horizontal path through
a heating area, a bending area and a tempering area, these areas
being contiguous so that a sheet passes immediately from one area
to the next succeeding area. To this end, apparatus 20 includes
a conveyor system, generally designated 21, adapted to support a
plurality of sheets S in a horizontal plane for movement, one-by-
one, along a predetermined horizontal path through a heating
section 22, a bending section 23, and a tempering section 25, the
sections 22, 23 and 25 being disposed end-to-end along such path.
In the illustrative embodiment, the heatinO section 22
comprises a tunnel-type furnace 26 having a heating chamber 27
defined by a top wall 28, a bottom wall 30 and opposite side
walls 31, all formed of a suitable refractory material. The
chamber 27 can be heated in any desired manner by suitable heat-
ing means, such as gas-fired burners or electrical resistance
elements for example (not shown) located in the top and side
walls of the furnace 26. The sheets S are advanced through the
heated chamber 27 on a series of conveyor rolls 32, which form a
part of the conveyor system 21, and extend from the entrance end
(not shown) of the furnace 26 to an oppositely disposed exit end.
The sheets S are heated to substantially the softening point of
the glass during their passage through the chamber 27 and, upon
merging through an opening 33 in the exit end of the furnace, are
received on a second series of conveyor rolls 35, also a part of
the conveyor system 21, which moves the sheets into and within
the bending section 23 between a pair of press members, herein-
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after identified and more fully described, for imparting thedesired curvature to the sheets S.
~ fter bending, the sheets S are advanced along the path
on conveyor rolls 35 which move the bent sheets S to and through
tempering section 25 wherein their temperature is rapidly reduced
to produce the proper temper in the glass. In the illustrative
embodiment, the tempering section 25 includes a cooling means
comprising upper and lower blastheads 36 disposed above and below
the path of movement of the glass sheets and are provided with a
series of tubes 37 operable to direct opposed streams of cooling
fluid, such as air or the like, toward and against the opposite
surfaces of the sheet S moving along such path.
The bending section 23 includes a bending apparatus
comprised of an upper male press member 40 and a lower female
press member 41 having opposed complemental shaping surfaces
conforming to the desired curvature of the sheet to be bent. The
press members 40 and 41 are mounted for relative movement toward
and away from each other on a structural frame 42, which includes
a framework of vertically disposed columns 43 and horizontally
extending longitudinal and transverse beams 45 and 46 intercon-
nected and tied together to form a rigid, box-like structure. A
base member 47 extends between the upright columns 43 for support-
ing the female press member 41 and associated parts. The male
press member 40 is mounted above the conveyor rolls 35 for verti-
cal reciprocal movement relative to frame 42 while the female
press member 41 is located below the conveyor rolls 35 and
mounted for vertical reciprocal movement toward and away from the
male press member 40.
A pair of laterally spaced locator stops 48 (only one
of which is shown in Fig. 1~ is positioned in the path of move-
ment of the advancing glass sheets to interrupt movement thereof
and accurately position the same in the desired location relative
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to the press members 40 and 41. Each stop 48 is secured to the
distal end of a piston rod 50 of a fluid actuating cylinder 51
mounted on a carriage 52. The cylinders 51 are operative to
raise and lower the stops 48 between an upper position above
conveyor rolls 35 in the path of an oncoming glass sheet S and a
lower position therebeneath.
In accordance with this invention, the male press
member 40 is of outline or ring-type construction (Figs. 3 and ~)
and comprises a composite shaping rail 53 having a continuous
major portion 55 connected to a base plat~ 56 by a plurality of
adjustable connecting rod members 57 and a displaceable portion
or segment 58, hereinafter more fully described in detail. The
shaping rail 53, including segment 58, conforms in outline to the
glass sheets S to be bent and is provided with a downwardly
directed, generally convex shaping surface 60 on the lower sur-
face thereof to impart the desired curvature to the sheet. The
shaping surface of segment 58 is identified by the reference
numeral 60a. However, the particular outline of the composite
shaping rail 53, as well as the specific curvature of the shaping
surfaces 60 and 60a, is dictated by the desired shape of the
glass sheet being bent and can vary widely, as desired.
The means for supporting the upper male press member 40
on frame 42 includes at least one actuating cylinder 61 mounted
on one of the upper horizontal beams 45 and having a suitable
reciprocal piston (not sho~n) provided with a piston rod 62 con-
nected at its outer end to a vertically reciprocal platen frame
63. The base plate 56 of the male press member 40 is connected
to the platen frame 63 for movement therewith by means of inter-
connected structural members 65 and 66 and a support plate 67
extending transversely of the platen frame 63. A plurality of
guide posts 68 are connected at their lower ends to the four
corners of platen frame 63, respectively, and extend upwardly
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through suitable bushings 70 mounted on upper horizontal beams 46
Eor sliding movement relative thereto to properly guide platen
frame 63 during its vertical reciprocal movement.
The lower female press member 41 also is of outline or
ring-type construction and comprises a base plate 71 secured to
the carriage 52 and a shaping rail 72 connected to the plate 71
in spaced relation thereto via a series of connecting rod members
73. The shaping rail 72 conforms in outline to the glass sheets
S to be bent and is provided on its upper face with a generally
concave shaping surface 75 complementary to the male press member
shaping surface 60 in opposed relation thereto~ To permit dis-
placement of the female shaping rail 7~ above the level of the
conveyor rolls 35 for lifting the glass sheets thereabove into
pressing engagement with the male shaping surface 60, the female
rail 72 is formed of a plurality of segments 76 spaced apart from
each other a sufficient distance to pass between adjacent rolls
35, As compared to rolls 32, the diameters of rolls 35 are
formed relatively small to provide maximum clearance therebetween
for the passage of the segments 76 therethrough.
The carriage 52 is supported by a pair of guide members
77 (Fig. 2) and is vertically movable by a fluid cylinder 78
mounted on the base member 47 and provided with a suitable recip-
rocal piston (not shown) having a piston rod 80 attached at its
upper end to carriage 52. The cylinder 78 is operative to raise
and lower the lower female press member 41 between its lower posi-
tion beneath conveyor rolls 35 and its upper position thereabove
for lifting a heated glass sheet S from the conveyor rolls 35 and
pressing the same against the male press member 40 between the
complemental shaping surfaces 60 and 75, thus forming the glass
sheet to the desired curvature. After bending, piston rod 80 is
retracted to lower the female press member 41 below conveyor
rolls 35, depositing the bent sheet thereon for advancement to
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the tempering section 25.
Prior known conventional press rings have satisfac
torily performed their intended function in press shaping glass
sheets of symmetrical configurations or designs, incLuding sheets
having compound curvatures i.e., radii of curvatures about both
the longitudinal and transverse axes. Ilowever, attempts to press
shape glass sheets of nonsymmetrical curvatures with these con-
ventional known press rings have posed serious problems. This is
due to the contoured shaping surfaces of the opposed press rings
which must be formed with corresponding nonsymmetrical shaping
surfaces. Accordingly, when the flat sheet is lifted by the non-
symmetrical female shaping surface, the sheet tends to drift or
slip on the shaping surface toward that side of the surface
having the least pronounced curvature. Also, further shifting in
the same direction occurs when the sheet makes contact with the
upper or male nonsymmetrical shaping surface due to the unequal
bending forces applied to the sheet. Of course, such slippage
cannot be tolerated because the resultant curvatures of the
finally bent product will be offset from their intended curva-
tures, resulting in improperly shaped finished pieces that mustbe scrapped.
The present invention addresses this problem by pro-
viding means for clamping the glass sheet against the lowershaping surface immediately after the sheet is lifted off the
conveyor rolls to preclude any horizontal displacement thereof
relative to such shaping surface and/or the opposed press member.
To this end, and in accordance with the present invention, the
male shaping rail 53 is provided with the hereinbefore mentioned
displaceable rail segment 58, which normally is disposed below
the level of the major portion 55 of rail 53, to engage the
ascending glass sheet prior to contact of the latter with said
rail major portion 55.
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As shown in Figs. 4-5, the displaceable rail segment 58
is secured to a support bar 81 by means of a plurality of later
ally spaced connecting rods 82. The support bar 81 is connected
to a pivotal ~rame, generally designated 83, by means of a pair
of laterally spaced links 85 pivotally connected at their lower
ends to the Erame 83 by pivot pins 86 and pivotally connected at
their upper ends, as by pins 87, to clevis members 88 welded or
otherwise fixedly secured to the underside of support bar 81.
As best shown in Fig. 4, the frame 83 includes a pair
of side members 90, an end member 91, an intermediate member 92
and a transverse cross member 93, all formed integral with each
other. The frame 83 is freely suspended for pivotal movement by
means of pins 95 pivotally connecting the frame members 90 to
posts 96 secured to the underside of base plate 56 and extending
downwardly therefrom. The frame 83, as well as support bar 81,
is guided for movement in a vertical path by means of guide posts
g7 (Fig. 5) rigidly secured to and extending downwardly from the
underside of base plate 56 and projecting through guide sleeves
98 mounted on support bar 81.
The cross member 93 of frame 83 carries a counterweight
100 comprised of a pair of blocks 101 and 102 connected by a nut
103 extending therebetween and rigidly secured thereto. The nut
103 is formed with a tapped bore for receiving an elongated screw
105 suitably journalled for rotation at one end in a bearing 106
mounted in a counterweight adjusting device 107 and at the other
end in a bearing 108 mounted in a block 110 fixedly secured to
the underside of the frame end member 91.
The counterweight adjusting device lQ7 (Fig. 7)
includes a beveled gear 111 mounted on screw 105 and meshing with
a right angularly related beveled gear 112 mounted on a control
shaft 113 projecting through the wall of adjusting device 107 and
provided with a head portion 115 having a recess 116 defined by
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flat-sided walls for the reception of an appropriate tool. Turn-
ing the control shaft 113 efEects rotation, via gears 112 and
111, of the axially fixed screw 105 to move nut 103 and thereby
the counterweight 100 axially along the screw in the direction
desired. This permits a fine adjustment of the counterweight 100
axially along screw 105 to freely suspend the shaping segment 58
at any desired elevation. Preferably, the elevation of segment
58 is disposed just slightly above the level of conveyor rolls 35
in order to engage the upwardly moving glass sheet immediately
after the latter clears the conveyor rolls 35.
The mode of operation of the apparatus of this inven-
tion is as follows:
Glass sheets S are loaded one at a time onto the con-
veyor rolls 32 at the entrance end (not shown) of the furnace 26
for movement through the heating chamber 27 wherein each sheet S
is heated to substantially its softening point or bending temper-
ature. The heated sheet S passes through the furnace end wall
opening 33 and is transferred onto conveyor rolls 35 for movement
into bending section 23. As the sheet enters the bending section
23, a photocell or other suitable detection device (not shown)
initiates activation of a timer (also not shown) controlling
operation of the bending cycle. The timing of this control is
such that when the leading edge of the glass sheet S engages the
stops 48, cylinder 78 is actuated to raise the female press
member ~1 upwardly to remove the heat-softened sheet S from
conveyor rolls 35. Immediately upon clearing the conveyor rolls
35, the upwardly moving sheet engages the shaping surface 60a of
the suspended shaping rail segment 58 and is clamped thereby
against the shaping surface 75 of the lower shaping rail 72.
Thus, the glass sheet S is fixed against lateral slippage or
shifting on shaping surface 75 to promote proper registry with
the shaping surface 60 of the upper shaping rail 53. The glass
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sheet continues to move upwardly on the rising female press
member 41, carrying the segment 58 therewith, until the clamped
sheet S engages the shaping surface 60 of the major portion 55 of
shaping rail 53 and is pressed into the desired finsl shape
between the complemental shaping surfaces 60 and 75.
After the glass sheet has been shaped between the press
members 40 and 41 to impart the desired curvature thereto, the
female press member 41 is lowered, as by means of cylinder 78,
below conveyor rolls 35 to deposit the bent sheet thereon for
advancement out of the bending section 23 and into the tempering
section 25. The segment 58 will also be lowered by gravity until
it reaches its predetermined elevation as dictated by the counter-
weight 100. The bent sheet is advanced by conveyor rolls 35 into
and through the tempering section 25 between the opposed tubes 37
of blastheads 36 at a speed promoting a proper rate of cooling to
attain the desired temper in the bent sheet.
From the foregoing, it is apparent that the objects of
the present invention have been fully accomplished. As a result
of this invention, an improved method and apparatus is provided
for bending glass sheets having nonsymmetrical curvatures in a
manner promoting proper fit or configuration of the finished
piece. By the provision of a displaceable glass shaping segment
forming a part of the upper press ring, the sheet to be bent is
clamped on the lower press ring immediately after clearing the
supporting conveyor rolls to avoid any horizontal slippage or
shifting of said sheet relative to the opposed press members,
thus assuring the desired bends to be formed in their intended
locations.
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