Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ ~g~ 33
The invention relates to new active compound combinations
which consist of a growth inhibitor on the one hand and of known
fertilisers on the other hand and are particularly suitable for
inhibiting plant growth.
It has already been disclosed that numerous azoles and
pyrimidine derivatives have plant growth-regulating properties
and, in particular, can be used for inhibiting plant growth (compare
German Offenlegungsschriften (German Published Specifications)
2,906,061, 2,944,850, 2,737,48~ and 3,010,560). Thus, for exampler
1-cyclohexyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pent-1-en-3-ol,
1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-butan-2-ol,
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1--yl)-pentan-3-ol
and l-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-penten-
3-ol (E-isomers) can be used for inhibiting vegetative plant growth.
The action of these substances is good, but in some cases the
inhibiting action starts relatively late.
Numerous fertilizers for supplying plants with micro-
and macro-nutrients, in particular with nitrogen, are also known.
If relatively large amounts of such fertilisers are applied to the
plants or their environment, a relatively large amount of the
nutrients required for healthy growth is available to the~plants.
However, the disadvantage is that over-fertilisation, which causes
damage to the plants, may occur, especially if a high dose of
fertilisers having a rapid action is applied. Very vigorous
vegetative growth also frequently occurs, which is undesirable,
for example, in the case of ornamental lawns.
7~3~
It has now been found that the new active compound
combinations of
A) an azole of the formula
OE~
(CH3)3C - CH - C = CH - ~ (II-2)
N
and
B) a Eertiliser
are particularly suitable for inhibiting plant growth.
Surprisingly, the active compound combinations according
to the invention already exert a plant growth-inhibiting action at
a substantially earlier time than the corresponding growth inhibit-
ors and fertilisers when these are applied separately. Moreover,
the plants display a significantly better tolerance towards the
active compound combinations according to the invention than towards
the individual components. Thus, there is not only a supplementary
action, but also an effect which cannot be predicted.
A larger amount of nutrients, especially nitrogen, can be
supplied to the plants with the aid of the active compound combin-
ations according to the invention than with separate application of
fertiliser, and in particular without the plants being damaged by
over-Eertilisation. It is also advantageous that excessive veget-
a-tive plant growth, which is frequently undesirable, does not occur
when the active compound combinations according to the invention
are used, in spite of the relatively high dose of fertiliser. The
ti~7~3
-- 3
plants are distinguished by healthy, strong growth and by an intense
dark-green coloration. In the case of ornamental lawns, a signif-
icantly denser turf is achieved than when the individual components
are applied separately.
The growth inhibitor contained in the acti~e compound
combinations according to khe invention is defined by the formula
(II-2).
The active compound combinations according to the invent-
ion may contain, as fertilisers, all the customary substances or
subs-tance mixtures suîtable for supplying plants with macro- and/or
micro-nutrients. Preferred substances are: phosphate fertilisers,
such as superphosphate (primary calciu~ phosphate and gypsum),
double superphosphate (primary calcium phosphate) and Rhenania
phosphate (calcium/sodium phosphate and calcium silicate); Thomas
* *
meal , phosphorite, Leuna-phos (mixture of ammonium sulphate and
di-ammonium phosphate), Nitrophoska (mixture of ammonium sulphate
or chloride, diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate) and
Hakaphos (mixture of urea, potassium nitrate and diammonium
phosphate); nitrogen fertilisers, such as ammonium sulphate, calcium
cyanamide, and its components, such as dicyandiamide, potassium
nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea and urea/formaldehyde condensates,
examples which may be mentioned being ureaform, isobutylidene-
diurea and crotonylidene-diurea (Floranid ); rapid-action complete
Eertilisers, such as garden fertilisers which contain, for example,
12% of N, 12% of P2O5, 17% of K2O, 2% of MgO, 0.1% of B, 0.1% of
Mn and 0.02% of Zn, or special fertilisers suitable for flowers and
Trademark
367313
ornamental plants and containing, for example, 16% of N (urea and
ammonium nitrogen), 8~ of P2O5, 16~ of K2O, 1% of MgO, 0.1% of B,
0.04% of Cu, 0.1% of Mn and 0.02% of Zn; slow-acting complete
fertilisers based on urea/ormaldehyde or other urea/aldehyde
condensates, such as lawn fertilisers which have a long-term
action and which contain, or example 20% of N (as a urea/
formaldehyde or urea/isobutyraldehyde condensate), 5% of P2O5,
8% of K2O, 2~ of MgO, 0.4% o Fe, 0.1% of Mn and 0.02% o Zn,
or which contain, for example, 27% of N, 7% of P2O5, 7% of K2O
~ ~6~ 3
and 1 % of MgO, or which contain, for example, 34 % of N,
5 % of P205 and 5 % of K20, and furthermore depot
lawn fertilisers which have a metering encapsulation and
contain, for example, 20 % of N, 5 ~ of PzO5, 5 % of
5 K20 and 1 % of MgO, and also long-term fertilisers
which have a meter;ng membrane of resin;fied vegetable
oils, the fertilisers containing, for example, 15 % of N~
12 % of P205 and 15 % of K20 or, for example~ 16 %
of N, 10 % of P205 and 13 % of KzO, and moreover
10 long-term fertilisers containing, for example, 20.5 % of
N (15 % as crotonylidene-diurea, 2.3 % as urea~ 0.4 % as
an ammonium salt and 2.8 % as nitrate~, 10 % of P205
~2 % as monoammonium phosphate and ~ % as potassium
magnesium phosphate), 15 % of K20 (9.8 % as potassium
15 nitrate and 5.2 % as potassium magnesium phosphate), 6 %
of MgO (1.4 % as magnesite and 4.6 % as potassium magnes-
ium phosphate), 0.05 % of Fe, 0.025 % of B, 0.1 ~ of Mn,
0.04 % of Cu and 0.05 % of ~o, and, finally, nitrogen
depot fertilisers containing, for example, 15 % of N (6 %
20 thereof as isobutylidene-diurea)~ 9 % of P20~, 15 %
of K20, 2 % of MgO, 0.3 % of Fe, 0.1 % of Mn and 0.02 %
of Zn; sLow-action complete fertilisers based on organic
materials (humus fertilisers)~ such as lawn fertilisers
containing, for example, 10 % of N, 3 % of P205, 5 %
25 of K20, 2 X of MgO and 0.4 % of Fe, or lawn fertilisers
which are based on peat and contain, for example, 8 % of
N, 2 % of P205 and 3 % of K20, or lawn fertilisers
which are based on horn meal, horn semolina, bone meal
or blood meal, and contain, for example, 6-7 % of ~,
30 2-3 X of P205 and about 1 % of KzO, and also
organic/mineral NPK fer~ilisers containing, for example,
, % of P205, 10 % of K20 and 1.5 % of MgO;
and liquid fertilisers, such as leaf fertilisers w;th
read;ly soluble nutrient contents and containing, for
35 example, 11 % of N, 8 % of P20s, 6 % of K20, 0~019 %
of Fe, 0.016 % of Mn, 0.011 % of ~, 0.008 % of Cu, 0.006 %
Le A 21 757
67~3
of Zn and 0.001 % of Mo, or crystal suspension fertilisers
containing, for example, 6 % of N (as carbamide and
nitrate), 10 % of P205 (in the form of polyphosphates)
and 16 % of K20.
The fertilisers in the active compound combin-
ations according to the invention may contain all macro-
nutrients and micronutrients important for plant nutrition.
Macronu~rient elements which may be mentioned are nitro-
gen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sul-
10 phur. Micronutrient elements which may be mentioned are
iron, manganese, ~inc, copper, boron, molybdenum, sodium,
cobalt, silicon, aluminium, vanadium, nickel and titaniuM.
The growth~inhibition effect manifests itself
particularly clearly when the active compounds of groups
15 A and B are present in the active compound combinations
according to the invention in certain ratios. However,
the weight ratios of growth inhibitor to fertilisers in
the active compound combinations according to the inven-
tion can be varied within relatively substantial ranges.
20 In general, 2 to 1,500 parts by weight, preferably 5 to
1,000 parts by weight, of a fertiliser listed under B) is
present per 1 part by weight of growth inhibitor of the
formula II-2 mentioned under A) .
The active compound combinations according to the
25 invention exhibit a powerful plant growth inhib;ting
activity They can preferably be used for inhibiting the -
growth of ornamental shrubs, including hedges, cereals,
including rice, and also grass.
Inhibition of the longitudinal growth is important
30 in the case of cereals, because breaking of the stalks
("lodging") of the cereal is thereby largely avoided,
even under adverse weather conditions. By using the
active compound combinations according to the invention,
it is also possible to achieve fertilisation with rela-
35 tively large amounts of nitrogen fertiliser withoutrunning the risk of the cereal lodging. Increased yields
Le A 21 757
can thus be achieved by applying the active compound com-
binations according to the invention.
The stated growth-inhibiting effect of the active
compound combinations according to the invention can also
5 advantageously be utilised in the inhibition of the ~rowth
of grass. Thus, for example, the frequency with which
grass is cut in ornamental gardens, parks and sports
fields, on golf courses and airfields or on street verges
can be reduced.
An inhibition of the growth of ornamental shrubs
is desirable ;f the plants are to dispLay compressed,
strong growth.
In the present case, cereals are to be understood
as all the customary varieties of cereals. These include,
15 preferably, oats, rye, barley, wheat and rice.
The active compound combinations can be converted
into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emul-
sions, suspensions, powders and granules.
These formulations are produced in a known manner,
20 for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders,
that is, liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, option-
ally with the use of surface active agents, that is,
emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents. In the case
of the use of water as an extender, organic solvents can, -
25 for example, also be used as auxiliary solvents. Asliquid solvents, there are suitable in the main: aromatics,
such as xylene, toluene or alkyl naphthalenes, chlorin-
ated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons,
such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene
30 chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or
paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols,
such as butanol or glycol as ~ell as their ethers and
esters, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone,
methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar
35 solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulphox-
ide, as weLl as water.
Le A 21 757
~ ~t3~ 3
As solid carriers there are suitable: for example
ground natural minerals, such as kaol;ns, clays, talc,
chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatoma-
ceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as
5 highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina and silicates; as
solid carriers for granules there are suitable: for ex-
ample crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as cal-
cite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, as well as
synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and
10 granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut
shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks; as emuls;fying
agents there are suitable: for example non-ionic and
anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene-fatty acid
esters, polyoxyethylene-fatty alcohol ethers, for example
15 alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl-
sulphates, arylsulphonates as well as albumin hydrolys-
ation products; as dispersing agents there are suitable:
for example ligninsulphite waste liquors and methyl-
cellulose.
Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, lignin
sulphonates and natural and synthetic polymers in the
form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic,
polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrol-
idone, can be used in the formulations.
It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic
pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and
Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin,
azo and metal phthalocyanine dyestuf~s.
The formulations in general contain between 0.1
30 and 95 per cent by weight of active compounds, pre-ferably
between 0.5 and 90%.
The active compound combinations according to the
invention can be in the formulations as mixtures with
other known active compounds, such as fungicides, insecti-
35 cides, acaricides and herbicides.
The active compound combinations can be used asLe A 21 757
~ ~9~;7~3
such, in the form of their formulations or in the use
forms prepared therefrom~ such as ready-to-use solutions,
emulsifiable concentrates~ emulsions, suspensions, wett-
able powders, soluble powders and granules.
The are used in the customary manner, for example
by water;ng, spraying~ atomising, scattering and the like.
The active compound concentrations can be varied
w;th;n a substantial range. In general, 10 to 800 kg of
active compounds (growth inh;bitors and fertilisers), pre-
10 ferably 50 to 500 kg of active compounds, are used per
hectare of soil surface.
As regards the time of application, the rule is
that the active compound combinations are applied within
a preferred period of time~ the exact definition of which
15 depends on the climatic and vegetative circumstances.
The good plant growth-inhibiting action of the
active compound combinations according to the invention
can be seen from the examples which follow.
Formulation Examples
20 Example 1
To prepare a wettable powder, 70 parts by weight
of active compound of the formula
OH
( CH 3 ) 3 C -CH -C - CH -C~
~IN ( I I -2 )
2 parts by weight of a surface-active agent (wetting
25 agent), 3 parts by weight of a dispersing agent based on
lignin-sulphonate, 5 parts by weight of a condensation
product of cyclohexanone, formaldehyde and sodium bisul-
phite, 5 parts by weight of highly disperse silicic acid
and 15 parts by weight of kaolin (filler) are intensively
30 mixed in a mixer and the mixture is then finely ground in
an air-jet mill.
Le A 21 757
~L~9~ 3
-- lo --
Example 2
To preoare granules, 5 parts by weight of active
compound of the formula
(CH3)3C-CH-C=CH ~ (II-2),
N
~ l
N--
5 93.8 parts by weight of crotonylidene-diurea fertiliser
("Floranid") and 1.2 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol
~adhesive) are used.
In detail, the granules are prepared by a process
in which the fertiliser content is first introduced into
10 a m;xer w;thout grinding elements, and an aqueous poly-
v;nyl alcohol solution conta;ning the abovement;oned
amount of polyvinyl alcohol adhesive is sprayed on during
the mixing operat;on. After the polyvinyl alcohol solu-
tion has been uniformly distributed onto the surface of
15 the fertiliser, 7.14 parts by weight of wettable powder
according to Example 1 (content of act;ve compound of
the formula (II-2): 5 parts by weight) are introduced
into the mixer. After a mixing time of 15 minutes, the
granules are dried at a temperature of 60C, while the
20 mixer is running. Abrasion-resistant granules which
release the active compounds when used in the presence of
water are formed.
Example 3
To prepare granules, 3 parts by weight of active
25 compound of the formula
(CH3)3C-CH-C=CH ~ (I I-2),
N
Le A 21 757
~g~ 3
96.1 parts by we;ght of "Nitrophoska Blau" (NPK fert;l-
iser which contains 12 % of N (in the form of ammonium
salts and nitrates), 12 % of P205 (in the form of
calcium phosphates and ammonium phosphates), 17 ~ of K20
5 (in the form of potassium chloride and potassium sulphate),
2 ~ of MgO, 0.1 % of Mn and 0.02 % of Zn) and 0.9 parts
by weight of polyvinyl acetate are used.
In detail, the granules are prepared by a pro-
cedure in which the fert;l;ser content ;s -f;rst ;ntro-
10 duced ;nto a m;xer without grinding elements, and anaqueous polyv;nyl acetate adhes;ve solut;on conta;n;ng
the abovement;oned amount of polyv;nyl acetate adhesive
;s sprayed on dur;ng the m;xing operation. When the
adhesive has been uniformly distributed onto the surface
15 of the fertiliser, 4.29 parts by weight of wettable
powder according to Example 1 (content of active compound
of the formula (II-2): 3 parts by weight) are added to the
m;xer. After a m;x;ng time of 15 m;nutes, the granules
are dried at a temperature of 60C,-while the m;xer is
20 running. Abrasive-resistant granules with a relatively
stable covering layer are formed. The granules gradually
release the active compounds when used in the presence
of water.
Le A 21 757
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- 12 -
Example A
Inhibition of growth of grass (lawns)/open-air
Plots of lawn, in each case 10 m2 in size, on
which the growth height of the grass (mixture: Berliner
Tiergarten) is 4 cm 3 days after cut~ing, are
a) treated neither with a growth-inhibiting active com-
pound nor w;th a fert;liser,
b) sprayed with in each case the desired amount of active
compound preparation which contains the growth-inhibiting
active compound of the formula (II-2) in a concentration
of 0.3 per cent by weight and which is prepared by mixing
the required amount of wettable powder according to
Example 1 with water~
c) sprinkled with in each case the desired amount of
crotonylidene-diurea fert;liser ("Floranid"),
d) first sprinkled with in each case the desired amount
of crotonylidene-diurea fertiliser and then sprayed with
in each case the desired amount of active compound pre-
paration described under b), and
e) sprinkled with in each case the desired amount of
granules according to Example 2.
After the treatments, the areas of lawn are
watered with water in an amount of 10 mm. The additional
growth is measured on all the plots at various intervals
of time~
The active compounds, amounts of active compound
and experimental results can be seen from the following
table.
Le A 21 757
~ Table A
~D
9 Inhibition of clrowth of grass (lawns~/open-air
r~J
Active compound Amount of .~dditional growtl1 in cm ;.f-tcr
or active com- . active com-
pollnd ccr.lbin.. tion pour.c' applied 15 32 52 59 days
3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0
( Control)
(II-2) 1,5 kg/ha 1,S 2,0 5,0 6,0 w
Floranid 30 g/m2 4,0 9,6 17,0 18,0
fertiliser
Floranid 30 g/m2 3,0 5,0 14,0 14,0 r~
ferti~iser*
(II-2) 1,5 kg/ha
Floranid 30 g/m2 2,G 4,0 10,0 1i,0
fertiliser**
~II-2) 1,5 kg/ha
*) = separate application of the components, as described under (d)
**) = joint application of the components, as described under (e)
6 ~'3~
Example B
Inhibition of growth of grass (lawns)/open-air
Plots of lawn~ in each case 10 m2 in size, on
which the growth height of the grass (mixture: Berliner
T;ergarten) ;s 4 cm 3 days after cutt;ng, are
a) treated ne;ther w;th a growth-;nh;b;t;ng active com-
pound nor w;th a fertiliser,
b) sprayed with in each case the desired amount of active
compound preparation wh;ch contains the growth-inhibiting
active compound of the formula (II-2~ in a concentration
of 0.3 per cent by weight and which is prepared by mixing
the required amount of wettable powder according to
Example 1 with water,
c) sprinkled with in each case the desired amount of
"Nitrophoska Blau" fertiliser (compare Example 3),
d) first sprinkled with in each case the desired amount
of "Nitrophoska Blau" fertiliser and then sprayed with in
each case the desired amount of active compound prepar-
ation described under b), and
e) sprinkled with in each case the desired amount of
granules according to Example 3.
After the treatments, the areas of lawn are
watered with water in an amount of 10 mm. The additional
growth is measured on all the plots at various intervals
of time.
The active compounds, amounts of active compound and
experimental results can be seen from the following table.
Le A 21 757
TabLe B
Inhibition of .~ro~.~t~,_ùf ~,rass (la~ s)!opc~ ir
Active compou!l~ or ;~.moul1i cf ;.c~ivc Additional growth in CM aftcr
u, Jcti~Jc cGI,lrJc n~ compound ap;;licd 15 32 52 S9days
CC,.~'? ina.ic:.
_ _ 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0
(Control2
~ 2) 1,5 kg/ha 1,6 2,0 5,0 6,0
"Nitrophoska Blau" 30 g /m2 3,6 7,0 13,0 13,2
IJ v.
u
Nitrophoska Blau* 30 g /m2 2, 2 4,4 9,4 10,0 G3
+
lII-2j 1,5 kg/ha
Nitrophoska Blau** 30 g /m2 2,0 2,4 6,0 7,0
(II-2~ 1,5 kg/ha
*) = scpar~tc appli cation of th~ cor:;poncnts~ a5 descril;cd un~cr (d~
*~) = joint application of the components, as described under (e)
