Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
L-2091
:12~ 36
COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN ALCOHOL AND
ALCOHOL CONTAINING FUELS
Field of the Invention
.
This invention relatas to corrosion inhibiting
compositions for use in alcohol and alcohol containing nor-
mally liquid hydrocarbon fuels. This invention further re-
lates to alcohol and alcohol containing normally liquid hy
drocarbon fuels containing said compositions and character-
ized by improved coxrosion inhibition.
Back~round of the Invention
Alcohol fuels and alcohol containing normally
li~uid hydrocarbon fuels for use in spark-ignited and com-
pression-ignited internal combustion engines possess a high
degree of corrosive activity. This higher activity is gen-
erally attributed to the presence of acidic and halogen ioncontaining contaminants present in alcohols but not present
in normally liquid hydrocarbon fuels. These alcohol con-
taminants are particularly distructive to various non-fer-
rous metal~ and metal coating3 such a3 tin/lead alloy
coatings (iOe~ terne coating~) employed on internal sur-
faces of fuel tanks and fuel line~ and to zinc/aluminum
metal alloys employed in the construction of carburetors.
AS a result motor vehicles employing alcohol and alcohol
containing normally liquid hydrocarbon fuels have shown a
greater propensity toward corrosion in the fuel tank, fuel
line and fuel induction system areas.
~2~8;~36
As is well known, many patents exist which dis~
close various corrosion inhibiting additives for use in
normally liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Seel for example, U.S.
Pat. No. 2,993,771 which relates to a process for pxevent-
ing deposit ormation and corrosion of internal combustionengines from substantially hydrocarbon fuels and particu-
larly gasoline, by the addition of additives to such fuels.
Two patents which are specifically directed to corrosion
inhibition in alcohol or alcohol containing hydrocarbon
fuels, e.g., gasohol, axe U~S. Pat. Nos. 4,282,007 and
4,282,008. In the former are disclosed additives compris-
ing the reaction product of aminotriaæoles and polyisobut-
enyl succinic acid anhydride and in the latter reaction
products of an aminokriazole, isatoic anhydride and N-al-
15 kylpropylene diamine.
It is the object of this invention to provide
other corrosion inhibiting additives for use in alcohol and
alcohol containing normally liquid hydrocarbon fuels~ It
is a further object of this invention to provide alcohol
20 and alcohol containing normally liquid hydrocarbon fuels
containing said additives~ It is yet a further object of
this invention to provide alcohol and alcohol containing
normally liquid hydrocarbon fuels characterized by im,proved
corrosion inhibition, Further objects of this invention
25 will become apparent from the description thereof set forth
hereinbelow.
Summary of the Invention
In it~ broadest sense the present invention re-
lates to compositions for use in alcohol and alcohol con-
30 taining normally li~uid hydrocarbonaceous petroleum dis-
tillate fuels said compositions comprising a corrosion
inhibiting reaction product of (A) at least one succinic
acylating agent selected from the group consisting of un-
substituted succinic acylating agents and aliphatic hydro-
35 carbon based substituted succinic acylating agents and(B~,,at least one amine~-oæ the formula
36
-3-
Rl
~ N-R3
R2
wherein Rl is a hydrocarbon based radical and R2 and R3 are
independently hydrogen or hydrocarbon based radicals with
the proviso that when R2 and R3 are both hydrogen, Rl is a
hydrocarbon based radical selected from the group consisting
of tertiary alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl
radicals to provide said alcohol and alcohol containing
hydroca~bonaceous petroleum distillate fuels with improved
corrosion inhibition.
The invention further relates to fuel compositions
for use in internal combustion engines comprising (A) a
major portion of a fuel containing (i) from about 2 to 100
pexcent by volume of an alcohol containing from 1 to about 5
carbon atoms and (ii) from about 98 to 0 percent by volume of
15 a normally li~uid hydrocarbonaceous petroleum distillate
fuel and (B) a minor portion of the corrosion inhibiting
reaction product generally deæcribed hereinabove.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The corrosion inhibiting additives comprising one
20 aspect of this invention are prepared by the reaction of a
succinic acylating agent selected from the group consisting
of unsubstituted succinic acylating agent and aliphatic
hydrocarbon based substituted succinic acylating agents,
and a monoamine as defined hereinbelow.
2S As uæed herein, the term "hydrocarbon-based" or
"hydrocarbon-based radicals" denotes a radical having a
carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the mol-
ecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character within
the context o~ this in~ention. Such radicals include the
30 following:
(1) Hydrocarbon radicals; that is, aliphatic,
(e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl or
- cycloalkenyl), aromatic, aliphatic- and alicyclic substi-
tuted aromatic, aromatic-substituted aliphatic and alicyclic
35 radicals, cyclic radicals wherein the ring is completed
~Z~8Z36
~hrough another portion o the molecule (that is, any two
indicated substituents may together form an alicyclic rad-
ical~ and the like as well as two or more fused benzene
nuclei~ Such radicals are known to those skilled in the
art, representative examples of which include methyl, ethyl,
propyl, butyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl,
tolyl, benzyl, naphthyl, anthryl, phenanthryl and the like.
(2) Substituted hydrocarbon radicals; that is,
radicals containing non-hydrocarbon substituents which, in
the context of this invention, do not alter the predomi-
nantly hydrocarbon character of the radical. Those skilled
in the art will be aware of suitable substituents (hydroxy,
alkoxy, carbalkoxy, e~c.).
The succinic acylating agents useful in preparing
the additive compositions of this invention are the unsub-
stituted and aliphatic hydrocarbon basea substituted suc-
cinic acids and anhydrides thereof having the following
structural formulae
Acid Anhydride
,~ O ,~ O
R CH-C~ R-CH-C
~ OH
.. O
/ OH
2 ~ CH -C
where R is hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbon based rad-
ical containing from about 3 to about 100 carbon atoms,
pxeferably from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms and most
preferably from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms. Although
the source of the aliphatic hydrocarbon based substituent is
not a critical aspect of the invention, this substituent
will generally be a l-mono-olefin or oligomers, prepolymers
or low molecular weight polymers thereof. Representative
examples of such l-monoolefins include ethylene, propylene,
120B236
l-butene, isobutene, l-hexene, l-octene, 2-methyl-1-heptene,
3-cyclohexyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-5-propyl-1-hexene and the
like. Medial monoolefins, i.e., olefins in which the ole-
finic linkage is not at the terminal position, and oligo-
5 mers, prepolymers and low molecular weight polymers and lowmolecular weight polymers thereof are also useful. Illus-
trative examples of such medial olefins include 2-butene, 3-
pentene and 4-octene.
Although both unsubstituted succinic acylating
agents and aliphatic hydrocarbon based substituted succinic
acylating agents can be used in preparing the additive
compositions of this invention the aliphatic hydrocaxbon
based substituted succinic acylating agents are preferred.
They are well-known and can be prepared by various known
15 procedures. one particularly useful procedure is to react a
monoolefin monomer or oligomer, prepolymer or low molecular
weight polymer thereof as described above with maleic anhy-
dride at 100C to 200C with or without a catalyst to form
the corresponding substituted æuccinic anhydride. The
20 monoolefin also can be replaced by an alkyl halide which is
capable of being substituted onto the unsaturated anhydride
or the equivalent free acid thereof.
The aliphatic hydrocarbon based substituent can be
saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched-chain
25 and may contain polar groups provided, however, that such
groups are not present in significantly large proportions as
to alter the hydrocarbon character of the substituent~
Polar groups are typified by halo, carbonyl, nitro and
similar groups, In a preferred embodiment, the aliphatic
30 hydrocarbon based substituent is a polyisopropenyl radical
containing 12 carbon atoms.
The amines which are useful in preparing the
additive compositions are monoamines which have the formula
- N-R3
R2
iZ~lYZ36
--6--
wherein Rl is a hydrocarbon based radical and R2 and R3 are
independently hydrogen or hydrocarbon based radicals with
the proviso that when R2 and R3 are both hydrogen, Rl is a
hydrocarbon based radical selected from the group consist-
ing of tertiary alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkylradicals. In the inventions broader scope, the monoamines
of the formula above can be straight~chain or branched-chain
aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic amines; mono-amines wherein
each of Rl, R2 and R3 are dissimilar such as aliphatic-
alicyclic, aliphatic-aromatic and alicyclic-aromatic amines
and substituted amines such as aliphatic substituted ali-
cyclic, aliphatic substituted aromatic, alicyclic substi-
tuted aliphatic, alicyclic substituted aromatic, aromatic
substituted aliphatic and aromatic substituted alicyclic
amines. Moxe specifically, the monoamin2s useful in pre-
paring the compositions comprising one aspect of the in-
vention are those amines defined by the above formula
wherein Rl is a hydrocarbon based radical containing from 1
to about 24 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting
20 of straight-chain and branched-chained alkyl radical~ con-
taining from 1 to abouk 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals
containing from about 5 to about 7 carbon atoms, aryl radi-
cals containing from about 6 ~o about 14 carbon atoms and
alkaryl and aralkyl radicals containing from about 7 to
25 about 20 carbon atoms and R2 and R3 are hydrogen or hydro-
carbon based radicals selected from the group consisting of
straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals containing from 1
to about 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing
from about 5 to about 7 carbon atoms, aryl radicals con-
30 taining from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms and alkaryland aralkyl radicals containing from about 7 to about 20
carbon atoms. When R2 and R3 are both hydrogen, thereby
making the amine defined above a primary amine, then Rl is a
hydrocarbon based radical selected from the group consisting
35 of tertiary alkyl radicals containing from about 5 to about
7 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals containing fxom 4 to
about 24 carbon atoms, aryl radicals containing from about
3236
--7--
6 to about 14 carbon atoms and alkaryl and aralkyl radicals
containing from about 5 to about 7 carbon atoms. The pur-
pose of the proviso described above is to ensure that Rl
will possess sufficient inherent stearic hindrance to in-
5 hibit any imide formation, the additive compositions of thepresent invention being primarily amidic acid salts or
mixtures of amidic acid and amidic acid salts depending on
the nature of the starting reactants and the relative ratios
employed thereo. The amines will be free of any acetylenic
10 unsaturation in the event any of the R groups of the amine
should be unsaturated.
Representative, but nonlimiting examples of mono-
amines useful in the preparation of the additive composi-
tions comprising one a~pect of this invention include di-
15 methylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine,dipropylamine, tripropylamine, diisopropylamine, dibutyl-
amine, tributylamine, diisobutylamine, triisobutylamine,
tertiary butylamine, ethyl-n-butylamine, dimethyl butyl-
amine, di-n-amylamine, tri-n-amylamine, dihexylamine, tri-
20 hexylamine, dioctylamine, trioctylamine, N-dodecyl-l-do-
decanamine, N-octadicyl-l-octadecanamine, N,N-dimethyl-l-
octadecanamine, cyclopentylamine, cylopentenylamine, cyclo-
hexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, methyl ethanolamine, ben-
zylamine, aniline, o-phenylaniline, diphenylamine, 2-methyl-
25 diphenylamine, 3-methyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dimethyldiphen-
ylamine, 2,2'-diethyldiphenylamine, 4,4'-dioctyldiphenyl-
amine, N-phenyl-l naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine
and the like.
In one embodiment, the additive compositions are
30 prepared by the reaction of the succinic acylating agent
with secondary amines, or mixtures of secondary and tertiary
amines in the manner described hereinbelow. In a preferred
embodiment the additive compositions are prepared by the
reaction of the succinic acylating agent with secondary
35 amines. A most preferred secondary amine for use
i2~8~236
in preparing the additive compositions comprising one aspect
of this invention is dicyclohexylamine.
The corrosion inhibiting additive compositions of
the presen~ invention may be readily prepared by heating
mixtures of the unsubstituted or aliphatic hydrocarbon based
substituted succinic acylating agent with the amine at
elevated temperatures ranging from about 30C to about
200C. A more preferred range of temperatures is from about
50C to about 150C. Generally, however, very reasonable
rates of reaction can be achieved from about 50C to about
120C
The proportions of the reactants can vary widely.
For example, the molar ratios o the unsubstitut~d or ali-
phatic hydrocarbon-based substituted succinic acylating
agent to the monoamine can range from about 1.0/0.5 to about
1.0/3Ø However, the preferred molar ratios range from
about 1.0/1.0 to about 1.0/2.0 with the most preferred molar
ratio being 1.0/2Ø
The preparation of the addi~ive compositions
herein described can be carried out either in the absence or
presence o a solvent. Preferably the compositions are
prepared in the presence of solvent. Useful solvents can be
hydrocarbon or polar solvents including, for example benzene
naphtha, toluene, xylene, n-hexane, dioxane, chlorobenzene,
kerosene, gasoline or a fuel oil or oil of lubricating
viscosity,
The following examples illustrate the preparation
of the additive compositions comprising one aspect of this
invention and the improved cor~osion inhibiting character-
istics of alcohol or alcohol containing normally liquidfuels containing these compositions t which fuels comprise
another aspect of this invention. In the following examples
all parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.
1;2~3G
Example 1
Three hundred sixty-seven parts of tetrapropenyl-
substituted succinic anhydride (prepared by reacting maleic
anhydride with a polypropylene tetramer and having an av-
S erage M.W. of about 248) is charged to a reaction vesselequipped with a stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and
addition funnel. Starting at room temperature, 500 parts
dicyclohaxylamine is added over a period of 0.5 hour. The
temperature of the reaction mixture rises to 45C during the
10 addition. The reaction is continued for 4.5 hours at 45C.
The temperature is increased to 60C. over 0.5 hour. The
reaction product is then filtered and collected.
Example 2
Two hundred sixty-five parts of tetrapropenyl-sub-
15 stituted succinic anhydride, as described in Example 1, ischarged to a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, ther-
mometer, reflux condenser and addition funnel. Three hun-
dred sixty-two parts of dicyclohexylamine is then added to
the reaction vessel over a period of 2 hours while heating
20 the reaction mixture to 120C. The addition of the amine to
the succinic anhydride is exothermic. The reaction is
continued for 3 hours at 120C. Three hundred twenty two
parts kerosene is then added to the reaction mixture. The
materials are mixed thoroughly, filkered and collected.
Two hundred sixty-six parts of tetrapropenyl-sub-
stituted succinic anhydride, as described in Example 1, and
333 parts of xylene are charged to a reaction vessel as
described in the previous examples. The mixture is heated
to 110C. with stirring, followed by the addition of 362
parts dicyclohexylamine over a period of one hour at 110-
120C. The reaction is continued for 3.25 hours at 110C.
The reaction mixture is then filtered and collected.
IZq;~8~3tj
--10--
Example 4
Two hundred forty-eight parts of an oil solution
of tetrapropenyl-~ubstituted succinic acid (prepared by
reacting tetrapropenyl-substituted succinic anhydride with
5 water) are charged to a reaction vessel equipped as de-
scribed in Example l. Two hundred parts of dicyclohexyl-
amine are then added over a period of 0.5 hour. The tem-
perature of the reaction mixture rises from room temperature
to 49C. during the amine addition. One hundred sixteen
10 parts of mineral oil are then added and the mixture stirred
for an additional 0.5 hour. The materials are then filtered
and collected.
Example 5
Two hundred sixty-six parts of tetrapropenyl-
15 substituted succinic anhydride is charged to a reactionvessel as described in Example 1. The anhydride is heated
to 100C., followed by the addition of 20 parts of distilled
water. The materials are reacted for 1.75 hours at 100C.
The reaction product (i.e., tetrapropenyl-substituted suc-
20 cinic acid) is then cooled to 55C., at which time 362 partsdicyclohexylamine are then added to the acid. The addition
of the amine is exothermic and the temperature o the re-
action mixture increases to about 65C. The reaction mix
ture is then heated to 70C~ and reacted at this temperature
25 for 4 hours. After cooling, 349 parts xylene are added.
The xylene solution of reaction product is stirred thor-
oughly, filtered and collected.
Example 6
A reaction vessel equipped in the manner as de-
30 scribed in Example 1 is charged with 98 parts of tetra-
propenyl-substituted succinic anhydride (average M.W. 268)
and 60 parts xylene. A solution consisting of 134 parts
dicyclohexylamine and 65 parts xylene is then added over 0.5
hour. With addition of the amine solution the temperature
35 of the reaction mixture increases from room temperature to
120~36
about 34C. The reaction mixture is then heated to 75C.
and reacted at that temperature for a total of 5 hours. The
solution containing the reaction product is then cooled,
5 filtered and collected.
Two hundred sixty-six parts of tetrapropenyl-
substituted succinic anhydride are charged to a reaction
vessel equipped as described in Example 1. Then 374 parts
10 Primene 81R (a mixtur~ of C12-14 t-alkyl primary amines
available commercially from Rohm & Haas Co.) are added
dropwise over 3 hours. The reaction is exothermic and the
temperature of the reactant increases from room temperature
to about 59C, over the course of the amine addition. One
15 hundred sixty parts of diluent oil are then added to the
reaction product and stirring is continued ~or an additional
hour at 55C. After cooling to 40C~ the material is
filtered and collected.
Ex~ple 8
Two hundred twenty-six par~s of tetrapropenyl-
~ubstituted succinic anhydride is charged to a reaction
vessel as described in Example 1. Then 362.6 parts of
dicyclohexylamine is added dropwise to the reaction vessel
over one hour~ The reaction of the anhydride and amine is
25 exothermic and the temperature of the reaction mixture
increases to 36C. The mixture is reacted at 36-45C. while
heating for one hour. The product is then filtered and
collected.
To a solution of 266 parts tetrapropenyl-sub-
stituted succinic anhydride in 253 par~s xylene con~ained in
a reaction vessel as described in Example 1 is added a
solution of 362.6 part~ dicyclohexylamine in 85 parts xylene
over a period of one hour. The temperature increases exo-
35 thermically to 32C. during the addition. The materials are
then reacted at 32-50C. for one hour, filtered and col-
lected. Sixty parts of this product is then diluted further
with 40 parts xylene and mixed thoroughly.
* trade mark
~2~Z36
-12-
Exam~le 10
A series of alcohol fuels are prepared by blending
from 35 to 450 part~ by weight of one of the reaction pro-
ducts of Examples 1 through 9 with hydrated ethanols con~
5 taining about 7~5 percent by weight watert
Exam~le 11
A series of alcohol containing gasoline fuels is
pxepared by blending from 35 to 450 parts by weight of one
of the reaction products of Examples 1 through 9 with a
10 gasohol which comprises 20 percent by volume of hydrated
ethanol and 80 pexcent by volume of a gasoline having an
ASTM distillation range of from about 60C. at the lO per-
cent di~tillation point to about 205Co at the 90 percent
distillation point.
The corro~ion inhibiting effectiveness of the
additive compositions were tested in accordance with Method
K, Test C of the Brazilian Association of T~chnical Norms
(ABNT). In this test, various metal specimens (e.g. steel,
brass and zinc/aluminum alloy) are immersed in commercially
20 available hydrated ethanol for a continuous period of 144
hours at a temperature of 50C + 3C. At the end of the
test period each test specimen is then rinsed first with
water and then with a ketone or other suitable solvent and
dried~ After drying, each test specimen is weighed and its
visual appearance noted. The weight loss, if any, and
visual appearance of the Cpecimens are then compared to
those of specimens treated in the same manner in a control
or reference gasoline/alcohol blend comprised o~ 78 to 82
percent by volume of gasoline and 22 to 18 percent by volume
30 of 100 percent absolute ethanol. For a corrosion inhibiting
additive composition to be considered effective, neither the
weight loss nor the visual appearance of specimens tested
with additive containing hydrated ethanol can vary from those
treated in the control or reference gasoline/alcohol blend
35 by more than 10 percent. Th~ corrssion inhibiting additive
compositions described in Examples 1 through 9 above are
i2~ 3~;j
found to be effective when tested in accordance with this
Brazilian method. Another aspect of this invention com-
prises fuel compositions for use in internal combustion
engines comprising tA) a major portion of a fuel containing
(i) at least one alcohol having from l to about five carbon
atoms and (ii) a normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous petroleum
distillate fuel and (B) a minor portion of a corrosion
inhibiting reaction product as described hereinabove, i.e.
the reaction product of (i) at least one succinic acylating
agent selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted
and aliphatic hydrocarbon based substituted succinic acy-
lating agent and (ii) at least one amine of the formula
Rl
~ N-R3
R2
wherein Rl, R2 and R3 have the same meanings as set forth
above,
Alcohol fuels useful in combination with the
corrosion inhibiting reaction products of ~uccinic acylating
agents and amines as described herein to provide fuel
compositions having improved corrosion inhibiting charac-
teristics include such commercially available alcohols as
methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and its
isomer and amyl alcohol and its isomers and mixtures of
these various alcohols. As produced commercially the pre-
ferred alcohols are methanol and ethanol.
The normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous petroleum
distillate fuels which are useful in combination with al-
cohols and the corrosion inhibiting reaction products de-
scribed herein above include motor ga~oline as defined by
ASTM Specification D439 and diesel fuel or fuel oil as
defined by ASTM Specification D396O A particularly pre-
ferred petroleum distillate uel, however, is gasoline, that
is, a mixture of hydrocarbons having an ASTM distillation
range of from about 60C at the lO percent distillation
point to about 205C at the 90 percent distillation point.
~2~8'~3t;
-14-
The fuel portion of the fuel compositions of this
invention comprise from about 2.0 to 100 percent by volume
of at least one alcohol containing from 1 to about 5 carbon
atoms and from about 98.0 to 0 percent by volume of the
5 normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous petroleum distillate fuel.
In a preferred embodiment, this fuel portion will comprise
from about 10.0 to 100 percent by volume of at least one
alcohol containing from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms and from
about 90.0 percent to 0 percent of the petroleum distillate
10 fuel. In a more preferred embodiment, the ranges of the
alcohol and petroleum distillate fuels employed in the fuel
compositions of this invention will be from about 20.0 to
100 percent by volume and from about 80.0 to 0 percent by
volume respectively. Particularly preferred fuel composi-
15 tions are tho~e based on a mixture of an alcohol, especiallymethanol or ethanol, and a petroleum distillate fuel,
especially gasoline, in which mixture the alcohol component
ranges from about 10.0 to about 20.0 percent by volume and
the petroleum distillate fuel ranges from about 90.0 to
20 about 80.0 percen~ by volume.
The amount of the additive reaction product of the
succinic acylating agent and amine added to the above de-
scribed fuel portion to provide the fuel compositions of the
invention will be an amount sufficient to impart improved
25 corrosion inhibiting characteristics to these fuel compo-
sitions~ ~roadly this amount will range from about 10 to
about 1000 parts by weight of said additive reaction product
per million parts by weight of the fuel portion. Preferably
this amount will range from about 10 to about 450 parts by
30 weight with a range of from about 175 to about 450 parts by
weight of said additive reaction product per million parts
by weight of said fuel portion being most preferred.
The fuel compositions of this invention can be
prepared by merely adding the reaction product of the suc-
35 cinic acylating agent and amine directly to the fuel portionor it can be diluted with a substantially inert, normally
i2~ 3~
-15-
liquid organic diluent such as naphtha, benzene, toluene,
xylene, or a petroleum distillate fuel as described above,
to form a concentrate of said reaction product which is then
added to the fuel portion. These concentrates, which
5 constitute yet another embodiment of the invention, gen-
erally contain from about 20 percent to about 90 percent of
the additive reaction products of the invention.
The fuel compositions described hereinabove, may
also contain additional materials normally added to liquid
10 fuels to obtain specific benefits. Therefore, the fuel
compositions, representing one aspect of this invention, may
contain antiknock agents such as tetraalkyl lead compounds,
lead scavengers such as haloalkanes (e.g., ethylene di-
chloride and ethylene dibromide) deposit preventers or
15 modifiers such triaryl phosphates, dyes, octane improvers,
antioxidants such as Z,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol,
bacteriostatic agents, gum inhibitors, metal deactivators,
demulsifiers, upper cylinder lubricants and anti-icing
agents.
The compositions for use in alcohol and alcohol
containing normally li~uid hydrocarbonaceous petroleum dis-
tillate fuels and the fuel compositions based thereon as
well as their methods of preparation have been specifically
set forth above to assist those skilled in the art in
25 understanding and practicing the invention. Based on the
teachings herein, many variations and departures from these
specific disclosures will be obvious to those skilled in the
art. Such variations and departures are contemplated as
being within the scope and spirit of the present invention
30 as defined by the appended claims.
