Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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TREATMENT OF CIGARETTE PAPER
Technical Field
This invention relates to the treatment of
cigarette paper for fire ruttiness and for reduction of
side~tream smoke, i.e. smoke emitted when the cigarette
is not being puffed actively.
Background of the Invention
Existing treatment of cigarette paper anger
tobacco for fire reSi~t~nQe and ~ide~tream smoke
reduction are subject to one or more of the following
problems. In Rome kiwi, the treatment result in a
dark colored ash which is unacceptable Jo many smoker.
In other case, the treatment gives the cigarette an
appearance which might be considered unacceptable by
Rome smokers.
One object of this invention it to provide
side stream move reduction in a cigarette by a simple
and inexpensive means and method Which do not adversely
affect the desirability of the cigarette to the smoker.
Another beet of the invention is to provide
a fire-resistant cigarette which it simple and
inexpensive to manufacture, while avoiding the
undesirable characteristics ox prior fire-re~iYtant
cigarette
Another object ox this invention is to impart
both fire ruttiness and side stream smoke reduction to a
cigarette by a comparatively simple and inexpensive
expedient, namely the use of a cigarette paper having
special filler content and porosity characteristic or
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by the treatment of cigarette paper with specially
chosen chemical substance It is also an object of
this invention to achieve fire resistance and/or
~idestream smoke reduction while maintaining a light
colored cigarette ash. Still another object of the
invention is to achieve fire resistance and/or
~idestream smoke reduction without impairing the
external appearance of the cigarette Still another
object it to achieve fire resistance and/o. side stream
lo smoke reduction without causing excessive particulate
in the mainstream smoke, and without eerily affecting
the draw characteristic of the cigarette. In general,
it it an object ox the invention to achieve fire
resistance and/or ~idestream smoke reduction in a
cigarette which is likely to be acceptable in all
respects to most cigarette smoker. Still another
object of the invention is to reduce the nicotine and
tar delivery of a cigarette.
It is also an object of the invention to
achieve one or more of the foregoing objects by a
process which is easily and inexpensively carried out,
and which doe not have the alkalinity of the silicate
treatments described in my United State patent
3,030,963, 3,183,914, 3,2~0,418, 4,044,778, 4,146,040
and 4,187,862.
One preferred cigarette in accordance with the
invention, for fire resistance and the reduction of
side stream smoke, comprises a charge of tobacco in a
wrapper of cigarette paper having a Greener porosity of
about 50 en more seconds and a weight between about 10
and 35 grams per square meter. The cigarette paper it
substantially free of burn accelerator other than
filler and ha a low filler content in the range of
approximately 15 to 22~. Cigarette paper meeting the
above requirement has been used in the pat for
wrapping cigarette filter However, it apparently has
not been used as a consumable wrapper for cigarette
tobacco. I have wound that low-porosity cigarette paper
meet all of thy above-~tated objective of the
invention except for reduction of particulate in the
~idestream smoke. I have alto found that further
improvements in performance of low-poro~ity, lowlier
content paper can be achieved by treatment of the paper
in water, ethyl alcohol, or in a solution or pension
of one or more ox a wide variety ox linear burn
retreading substance as will be ducked in detail
below.
I have alto found that a specific class ox
burn rate-reducing substance it capable of achieving
all ox the above-li~ted objectives of the invention when
used to treat conventional cigarette paper. This
2Q specific class of burn rate-reducing substances
comprises lactic acid, citric acid, magnesium citrate,
magnesium acetate, tartaric acid, acetic acid, non-fat
milk, Kim milk and sugar only part of the area of
this cigarette paper it treated, wire resistance and for
I ~ide~tream smoke reduction can be achieved while
producing substantially let particulate matter than
would be present in the mainstream smoke from a
cigarette with a wrapper treated over it entire area.
Although Syria can be used a burn
rate-reducers on conventional cigarette papers or fire
ricketiness and ~idestream smoke reduction when used in
high concentration, they tend to cause cigarette paper
I
to darken when subjected to heat. However sugars in
relatively high concentration are entirely acceptable
for treating brown cigarette papers.
Further object and advantage of the
invention will be apparent from the following detailed
description.
Detailed Dacron
For the purpose of this description and the
claims, the following definitions Hall apply:
"Cigarette paper" it defined a a Tao paper
made from a highly beaten Plucks pulp stock, the paper
being substantially free of pin hole and substantially
free of sizing.
"Linear burn rate-reducing substance" means
any substance which, when applied to cigarette paper and
dried, kiwi the cigarette paper to exhibit a lower
static burn rate than the same paper in an untreated
condition. Such qub~tanceq include citric acid
magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, diammonium
20 phosphate, tri~odium phosphate, alumina gel, sodium
tetraborate, ammonium hydroxide, nickel acetate, potato
March sugar, aluminum Stewart, manganese sulfate
ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfa mate, aluminum sulfate,
acetic acid, lactic acid, and non-fat milk. Many other
25 substances including sugars such a dextrose, maltose,
sucrose, etc. alto qualify a linear burn rate-reducing
qub~tance~. Burn rate-reducing substances have varying
characteristics. All are applicable to low-p~rosity,
low filler content cigarette paper. However, only a
3Q limited group ox burn rate reducer it applicable to
conventional cigarette paper. The substances in this
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limited group which I have found produce good results
are citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate,
tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acrid, non-fat milks,
Kim milk, maltose, dextrose, sucrose, fructose and
lactose.
"Filler" means calcium carbonate (Cook) or
any other substances used in the cigarette industry for
toe purpose of accelerating burning of paper. McCoy and
Moo are example of other fillers which have been used.
"Greener porosity" is a measure of cigarette
paper porosity used throughout the cigarette industry.
It refer to the time in second required for a
specified volume of air to pass through a specified area
of paper under a spud pressure. The higher the
Greener number, the lower the porosity of the paper.
"Side stream smoke' is smoke emitted by a
cigarette between puffs. this smoke doe not pass
through the tobacco rod or through the filter, and it
considered particularly obnoxious by nonsmokers In
testing for 9idestream smoke, the cigarette it lit,
puffed, held for one minute without puffing, and then
puffed again. It is then placed under an inverted
wide mouth glass jar three inches in diameter and seven
inches tall. Side~tream smoke it evaluated by visually
observing the quantity ox smoke in the jar.
"Tar" refer to the liquid product of tobacco
combustion, and is evaluated by observing the staining
of the mouth end of a cigarette filter.
"Drying" refer to the removal of moisture or
liquid substances by the application of heat, by the
application of moving air, by simply permitting
evaporation to take place under ambient conditions, or
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by any other suitable mean However, "drying" does not
imply the removal of all moisture. Rather, in the
context ox the following description, drying" refer to
the removal ox moisture after treatment of cigarette
paper to an extent such that the cigarette paper ha
substantially the tame moisture content that it had
prior to treatment.
The "fire resistance text" referred to herein
it a text described in the United States Federal Trade
lo Commission Standard or the Flammability of Mutters
and Mattress Pad OFF 4-72), (16 CUR 1632). The
Federal Trade Commissions test is intended for testing
mattresses using conventional cigarettes. However, the
test is equally applicable to the testing of cigarettes
using standard mattresses, and a ten on a standard
metric was used to determine the fire resistance ox
i the cigarette described in the examples herein. For
the Tut used to determine fire ruttiness of
cigarettes made in accordance with the invention the
` 20 mattress material used is a cotton ticking covering a
cotton batting. The lit cigarette, after at least 30
second of free burn time in air, is placed horizontally
over the metric ticking, with uniform contact of the
cigarette paper with the ticking. The cigarette is
permitted to burn until it ~elf-extingui~hes before full
consumption, in which cave it is refit and retested It
May burn its full length and then elf extinguish The
cigarette it observed to determine whether or not it
causes smoldering or ignition of the text mattress.
The tests used to determine Pine resistance
and other paramsterq reported in the example heroin
were carried out on cigarettes made by factory-type
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machines or on cigarettes made by hand using careful
oontrolq to injure a uniform tobacco packing density
,' similar to that of a factory-made cigarette.
Certain criteria pertaining to burning
, 5 characteristic must be met by a cigarette in accordance
with the invention. The cigarette mutt burn or at
least one minute between puffs. The linear burn rate
must be between about 1 and 6 minute Further, in
the case of a cigarette in accordance with the invention
having a treated conventional wrapper, the linear burn
rate must be substantially slower than the burn rate of
- a corresponding cigarette which has an untreated wrapper
but which is otherwise identical to the cigarette having
- the treated wrapper. For example if an untreated
cigarette ho a burn rate of 5 mm/mlnute, a
corresponding cigarette with a water-treated wrapper
should be treated sufficiently to have a burn rate
substantially lets than 5 Monet erg, 4 mm/minute.
Although treated cigarette will generally
~,20 exhibit si~estream smoke reduction at a burn rate of
mm/minute or less, and some of the same cigarettes
will alto exhibit fire resistance at a burn rate
anywhere in the range of 1 to 6 mm/mirlutes, other
cigarettes must be treated sufficiently to have a burn
fate a low a 3.5 mm/minute in order to nave
satisfactory fire resistance.
` An important phase of thi3,invention pertain
-to the use of a lo porosity cigarette wrapper hiving a
,, relatively low filler content.
Whereas the wrappers of conventional
cigarettes have a Greener porosity in the range of about
10 to 40 second, and a filler content (usually calcium
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carbonate, magnesium carbonate or magnesium oxide) in
the range of approximately 22 to 35~, one ox the
preferred cigarettes in accordance with this phase of
the invention us a wrapper having a Greener porosity
of about 50 or more second , and a filler content in the
range ox approximately 15 to 22%. The weight of the
; cigarette paper should be between about 10 and 35 grams
per square meter as in the case of conventional
cigarette paper. A typical paper having these
lo characteristic is the so-called "plug Ripley, which is
used as a wrapper for cigarette filters, but has not
been used a a wrapper for tobacco
A cigarette having a wrapper keynoting ox
ugh paper exhibits excellent fire ruttiness. When
lo dropped on a test mattress, it may cause some charring,
but doe not tart a smolder or fire, and eventually
extinguishes itself.
In all of the examples herein, except as
otherwise indicated, the cigarette tested was a
"Wlnston-Lights" king size cigarette having an average
-I circumference ox approximately 25 mm.
In the following examples of cigarette using
low-porosity paper, the tested cigarettes were made from
Conventional cigarettes by removing the tobacco and
wrapper from the filter plug, wrapping the low-poro~ity
paper around the filter to form a tube, sealing the tube
edges together, and carefully repacking the tame tobacco
in the tube to insure uniform tobacco density sl~ilar to
that of the original cigarette. Where the paper way
chemically treated, it way treated before replacement of
the tobacco.
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The hollowing four example pertain to
Winston Light king size cigarette comprising tobacco
wrapped in low-porosity, low-filler content cigarette
paper. In each example the weight given refer to the
weight of the paper, including the calcium carbonate
filler, in gram per square meter. The porosity it the
Greener porosity in second.
EXAMPLE 1
Weight = 27 g./m2
lOCaC03 = 18.5~
Porosity = 50 sec.
EXAMPLE 2
Weight = 35 g./m2
Cook = 20.0%
purity 50 sect
.
EXAMPLE 3
Weight = 24 g~/m2
Cook = 20~
Porosity = 50 sec.
EXAMPLE 4
` Weight = 24 g./m2
Cook = 22%
Porosity _ 50 sec.
Cigarette made in accordance with all of the foregoing
example exhibit substantially improved fire resistance
when subjected to the fire resistance test d~3cribed
above. However, these cigarettes do not exhibit a
substantial reduction in side stream smoke The lower
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calcium carbonate content in EXAMPLE 1 resulted in a
little less charring of the test fabric than EXAMPLES 2,
3 and I I have found that the weight of the paper has
Utile effect on its performance. when the calcium
carbonate content of the paper is below approximately
15~, the cigarette doe not burn for one minute, a
minimum of one minute of burning under static condition
being an essential criterion for a satisfactory
cigarette. If the calcium carbonate content
lo substantially exceeds 22~ in this low-poro~ity paper,
the fire resistance of the paper is impaired.
Cigarettes in accordance with EXAMPLES 1
through 4 inclusive are simple to manufacture by
conventional cigarette-making machinery inasmuch a the
only difference between these new cigarettes and
conventional cigarettes is in the nature of the paper
used to wrap the tobacco.
A cigarette using a low-porosity wrapper with
: a low filler content has the further advantage that it
I burns more slowly than a conventional cigarette, and
therefore consumes less tobacco in a given number of
puffs. It is not known whether or not any health
benefits result directly from the reduced rate of
consumption of tobacco. However, the reduction in
~25 tobacco consumption makes it possible to use less
tobacco in a cigarette of a given length, and to provide
a longer and more effective filter.
While the use of low-porosity paper with a low
Miller content improves fire resistance, it has
'30 comparatively little effect on side~tream smoke
Jo production. However in accordance with the invention,
Jo it is a simple matter to reduce side stream smoke to very
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pa
Lowe Jo,
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low levels by treating paper having low porosity and low
` filler content with water or ethyl alcohol, and
thereafter drying the paper. A cigarette Jo treated
meets the Nasser burning criteria in that it burn
for at least one minute without puffing, and ha a
- linear burn rate in the range of about 1-6 mm. per
Nat
.
Treatment of cigarette paper with water or
ethyl alcohol it carried out simply by running the
cigarette paper over and under roller into a water or
alcohol bath, and from there to a dryer which eliminate
excess moisture or liquid content bringing the moisture
`` content ox the cigarette paper back to it approximate
original level.
The following two examples pertain to the
treatment of low-porosity cigarette paper with water or
ethyl alcohol
EXAMPLE 5
Weight = 27 g.~m2
" I Cook = 18.5~
Porosity _ 50 sec.
Treatment _ soak paper with water and allow to
dry before wrapping tobacco.
.
` EXAMPLE 6
` 25 White - 27 g./m2
` Cook = 18.5~
Porosity _ 50 eke.
Treatment _ soak paper in 95% ethyl alcohol and
allow to dry before wrapping
tobacco.
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', in both ox Thea examples, performance way similar to
.: EXAMPLE 1 except that side~itream smoke was substantially
, -reduced.
Depositing a linear burn rate reducing
substance in or on the paper further improves lyre
rustiness and, in Qume cases, also produce a further
- reduction in ~ideqtream smoke. Deposition of the linear
burn rate reducing substance can be carried out most
conveniently using a method similar to EXAMPLE 5, by
lo dissolving or suspending the substance in the water in
which the cigarette paper is soaked. A wide variety of
Jo substances can be used to reduce the linear burn rate ox
low-porosity cigarette paper Expel of suitable
treatments include the following. In each kiwi, the
. lo weight of the cigarette paper was 27 g./m2, it Cook
content wag 18.5~9 and it porosity way 50 second. The
paper was soaked in an aqueous solution ox the linear
burn rate-reducing ~ub~tance, and allowed to dry before
wrapping the tobacco.
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20 ' : Burn Rate
Reducing Approximate
Example Substance ConcentrationRan~e
. .
7 lactic acid I 30
ô citric acid 1% US - 10
: 25 ' 9 magnesium citrate I 1% - 10
Mg3(C6H507)2
.. ` 10 magn~qium acetate I 1% - 5
11 tartaric acid I I - 27
'12 acetic acid I I - 20
i I', ............... .
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In each of EXAMPLES 7-12 the effect of the linear burn
rate-reducing substance way to reduce the charring of
the material used in the fire resistance text. The low
end of the range of concentrations it the approximate
point at which a noticeable reduction in charring occur.
Increasing the concentration to a level above the
minimum effective level produces little improvement and
therefore there it no reason to use higher
concentrations of burn rate reducing substances, except
lo in the Coffey magnesium acetate, where raising the
- concentration to I results in a noticeable further
reduction in ~ide~tream smoke. Increasing the
concentration of any of these burn rate-reducing
substance to levels significantly higher than the upper
ends of the given ranges may have a detrimental effect
on the appearance and texture of the cigarette paper.
There are many other linear burn raze reducing
substances which can be applied to low-porosity
cigarette paper from an aqueous solution. These
include, or example, trisodium phosphate, disodium
phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric aoidg
sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, borax, boric acid,
ammonium hydroxide, nickel acetate, sodium silicate,
ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfa mate end sodium
d~chro~nate. These substances should be applied in low
concentration, i.e. of the order of Al a higher
concentrations tend to produce a darkening Of the
cigarette ash. (The substance ox EXAMPLES 7-12 have
little if any effect on ash coloration regardless of
~30 concentration.)
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- - Any ox the burn rate-reducing substances can
be applied in very low concentration by multiple
treatment steps. That is the paper is soaked in a
solution containing a low concentration of a burn rate
reducing substance, alloyed to dry, then soaked again in
the tame or another solution of a burn rate-reducing
~ub~tance, and again allowed to dry.
Non-fat milk is also effective as a linear
burn rate reducer or reducing charring of the material
used in the fire resistance test. Non-fat milk can be
conveniently applied as a suspension of non-fat dry milk
in water. A typical analysis of non-fat dry milk
(Carnation brand) it a follows:
Water 3.16~
Protein 36.16%
Lipids 0 77
Carbohydrate 51,98
Ash 7.93
,
An example of treatment of low-poro~ity erupt paper
20 with non-fat milk it as follows:
Jo .
EXAMPLE 13
Cigarette paper with a Greener
`` porosity of 50 seconds, a weight of
27 g./m2 and a Cook content of
18.5~ wag treated on one wide in a
quspenqion consisting of about US
- my weight of non-fat dry milk in
water, and allowed to dry.- Thy
treatment leaves a glaze on the
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treated side of the paper. In the
fire re~l3tance test, the cigarette
using the treated paper produced
noticeably lest charring and no
smoldering of the test material
than did a similar cigarette using
untreated paper.
; The concentration of non-fat dry milk can
range from about 1% to about 20~, although higher
lo concentration within this range are not neceq~ary. If
a glazed appearance it not desired on the outside ox the
cigarette wrapper, the milk suspension can be applied to
the side of the wrapper which ultimately foe toward
the tobacco. Alternatively, both tides of the paper can
be treated. Instead of Nanette dry milk, skim milk
diluted with water can be used with equivalent effect.
Various insoluble linear burn rate reducing
~ub~tance~ other than milk can be applied in a
suspension. Example of such substance are alumina
eye, potato starch and aluminum turret A typical
aqueous ~u~pen~ion of one ox these ~ub~tanceq contain
bout I by weight of the qub~tance. When applied to
lo porosity clarity paper, these 3~b~tance~ provide
improved resistance to charring and smoldering a well
25 a some ~ide~tream smoke reduction.
` While cigarette with low-poro~ity paper do
not tend to reduce the quantity of tar, hi can be
corrected by providing venting holes surrounding the
jilter in the conventional manner. Venting hole do not
affect the fire ricketiness or ~ide~tr~am smoke
production of the cigarette.
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- Low-porosity wrappers have a relatively small
effect on the draw characteristics of a cigarette,
making it only slightly more difficult to draw a
satisfactory amount of smoke into the mouth thin in the
case of an ordinary cigarette. The draw characteristics
of all cigarettes in accordance with this invention,
whether they be low tar, very low tar or high tar
cigarette, is acceptable and comparable to that of
conventional cigarettes. In no event it the draw of a
lo modified cigarette 30 difficult as to be seriously
objectionable to ordinary smokers of that particular
cigarette in it unmodified condition.
The same linear burn rate reducer used with
Low-porosity cigarette paper in EXAMPLES 7~129 produce
fire resistance and side stream smoke reduction when
applied to the higher porosity papers used in ordinary
clarets.
In the hollowing examples of cigarette using
treated high porosity papers, certain ones of the tested
cigarettes were treated by applying the treating
substance directly to the wrapper of a factory-made
cigarette without removing the wrapper or the tobacco.
therm were made by removing the tobacco from the
wrapper, treating the wrapper, and then replacing the
tobacco. The examples in which the latter method was
used are designated by numbers followed by letter,
(erg. AYE). The latter procedure immolate the royalty
achieved by treating cigarette paper and thereafter
forming it into a cigarette, a would be done in
manufacture. In general, with the latter procedure,
smaller quantities of burn rate reducer are necessary.
,
In the examples which follow, unless otherwise
posed, the paper was treated while surrounding a
charge of tobacco.
In each of the following examples the
cigarette paper had a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a
weight of 24 g./m2, and a Cook content ox 25%. The
paper was soaked in the indicated treating solution and
allowed to dry.
urn Rate Fire
lo Reducing Concern- Side stream Resistance
Example Substance traction Reduction Text Problem
lactic
it acid 28~ no no
it " 29~ yes no
lo I " 30~ yes ye
17 if 33~ glazes
paper
AYE " 9.9~ no no -I
17B " 13.0~ yes yes
citric
18 acid12.2g no no --- -
19 ll13.3% yes no ~~~~~
ll23.5~ yes yes ~~~~~
21 '~28.1~ unsati3~actory
appearance
AYE " 9.1~ no no --- -
21B " 10.2~ yes yes -----
Manges I'm
Citrate
. 22 (Mg3~C6H507)2 4~9~ no no ----_
23 " 5.2~ yes no -----
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24 "10 . 56~ yes yes
1 3q I __ darken
paper
AYE " 4. I no no -----
25B " 4. I no ye -- --
2 5C " 6 . I yes yes
Man en i us
26 Aoetate12. I no no -----
27 "22 . 5% yes no -----
. ; 28 n46 . I yes yes _____
29 "50 . 5% yes yea -I
AYE "13 . I no no -I
29B "15 . I yes ye -----
Tar jar to
Audi. 0% no no -----
` 31 Al 15.0~ ye no _____
3 2 " 53. I yes ye ___~_
33 "60 . I ---- ---- heat
discolors
wrapper
AYE "35 . 0~6 no no -I
33B " 41. I yes ye _____
.
Act to
34 Acadia . I no no ---~~
. : 35 ~16 . I yes no -- -I
36 n 23. Ox yes ye _____
37 " 33. I ---- ---- taste
- too sour
AYE " 9 . I no no -----
. ` 37B ye ye
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In EXAMPLES 14-37, comparatively low concentrations of
burn rate reducing substance are effective to reduce
~ideqtream smoke. If more of the burn rate reducing
substance is used the cigarette become capable of
paying the fire resistance test. The following table
indicates the approximate minimum concentrations ox each
substance to effect fire resistance, and to effect
noticeable side~tream smoke reduction, among a paper
having a Greener porosity of 20 second, a weight of
lo I g./m2 and a Cook content of 25%l and among
treatment is carried out by a single soaking step
followed by drying:
:
urn Rate Minimum Concentration Minimum Concern-
Reducing To Achieve Noticeable traction To Pa
15 Substance Side stream Reduction Fire Test_
On On Empty On On Empty
Cigarette Tube Cigarette Tube
lactic acid 29~ 13.0~ 30~ 13.0
citric acid 13~ 10.2~ 23~ 10.2
magnesium citrate I 6~5~ 10~ 6.5
magnesium acetate 22~ 15.0~ 46~ 15.0
tartaric acid :15~ 30.0~ 53~ 35.0~
acetic acid 16S 11.1~ 23~ 11.1S
These minimum concentrations are only approximate, and
vary to some extent depending on porosity, amount of
filler prevent, cigarette diameter, the type of tobacco,
the presence ox other additive in the paper or in the
tobacco, and possibly other factor.
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A in EXAMPLE 13, milk can be used to treat
high porosity cigarette paper to produce ~idestream
smoke reduction and fire resistance. Milk is applied to
the cigarette paper by treating one or both tides of the
paper in a suspension of milk in water. In the
following examples, cigarette paper having a Greener
porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of I g./m2 and a Cook
content of 25~ was treated in a single step by coating
on wide with a suspension of Carnation brand non-fat
lo dry milk. When the example number is followed by a
letter the paper was treated when separated prom the
~o~acco.
:
Past Fire
. Concern Side~tream Rustiness
15 Example traction Reduction Test Problem
.
38 3.5~ no no
39 8~9~ ye no
9.23~ ye ye
41 32.4~ - - unsatisfactory
. . appearance
AYE 6.5~ no no
41B 7.4S no yes
. ;41C 8.7~ yes yes
Here again, a small concentration of the burn rate
reducing substance produces noticeable ~idestream smoke
reduction while a greater concentration impart
sufficient fire resistance to pa the standard text.
In the case ox paper coated while surrounding tobacco
the minimum concentration of milk Nasser to pa the
fire text it approximately 9.0~, assuming 20 second
porosity, a weight of 24 g./m2 and a Cook contort Or
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25S in the paper. In the case of paper treated
separately from the tobacco, the minimum concentration
it approximately 7.0~. These minimum quantities will
vary with porosity, amount of filter, cigarette
diameter, tobacco type, additive, etc.
The use of non-fat dry milk a a burn rate
reducer ha a number of advantage over the use of other
burn rate reducer such as citric acid, magnesium
citrate, eta The treated cigarette has a better
appearance, and it smoother and easier to remove from
the pack. It it resistant to Metro and ha a longer
slough life, and it paper it more flexible than other
treated paper. Furthermore, the paper retain it
strength while wet during treatment with the non-fat dry
milk suspension.
- where the paper is treated with a burn rate-
reducing substance, it may be desirable from the
standpoint of appearance of the cigarette, to apply the
burn rate-reducin~ substance to one side of the
cigarette paper, and to wrap the tobacco with this
cigarette paper Jo that the treated wide it toward the
tobacco. These steps are especially desirable where the
burn retreading substance is in suspension or in
solution in a relatively high concentration such a to
form a visible deposit on the paper. These step are
alto desirable because, with the treated ~ide.toward the
tobacco there it lets tendency for the burn rate-
reducing substance to affect the color ox the cigarette
ash. Higher concentration of burn rate reducers can be
I used when the treated wide of the paper it toward the
tobacco. This method of treatment produce more
elective smoke reduction and more effective fire
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resistance without materially affecting the appearance
ox the cigarette or its ash.
It is not necessary to treat the entire
-surface area of a sheet of cigarette paper in order to
obtain the benefit of my invention. In fact, it is
desirable, at least in the cave of high-porosity
cigarette paper, to apply the burn rate-reducing
ùbstance to only a part of the surface area of the
paper so that the porosity of the untreated areas serves
to control the amount of tar and nicotine delivered in
each puff.
In paper treatment over only part of the
paper's 3urfaee area, performance is affected to some
extent by paper porosity, the amount of burn accelerator
prevent in the paper or tobacco, and the tobacco
composition. Performance of a filter cigarette it alto
affected by the presence or absence of perorations in
the paper surrounding the filter of the cigarette or the
porosity of that paper. Similarly the performance of
2.0 non-filter cigarette is affected not only by paper
porosity but alto by the presence or absence of
perforation near the end of the cigarette closest to
the Smucker mouth In general, cigarette can be
classified a "high tar" cigarettes or 'slow tar"
I cigarette depending on the above factors. Low tar
cigarettes produce 15 my. or less tar under standard
-texts used in the tobacco industry. High tar cigarettes
produce tars from above 15 my. to 28 my. or more. The
effect of partial treatments in accordance with this
invention has been found to correlate with the tar
content clas~lfication of cigarettes. The following ore
examples of cigarettes in which part of the ~urfaoe area
.
-
-23-
of the paper way treated with a burn rate-reducing
substance. The paper was treated while surrounding the
tobacco.
EXAMPLE 42
Weight: about 24 g/m2
Cook: about 25~
Porosity: 20 seconds
Tar: Low
Treatment: Soak 90~ of the surface area of the
paper in a 23~ solution of citric
acid and allow to dry. Pattern of
coating is in one longitudinal stripe
22.5 mm. wide with 2.5 mm. space.
Royalty Linear burn rate is about 1.79 mm.
per minute as compared with 6.16 mm.
per minute for a corresponding
untreated cigarette. The cigarette
pawed the fire ruttiness text and
exhibited a noticeable reduction in
I ~idestream smoke. 23~ it about the
lowest concentration at which fire
resistance can be achieved with
citric acid on a partially coated
cigarette paper.
EXAMPLE 43
This example it similar to EXAMPLE 42, except
that the concentration of citric acid was 33~. The
linear burn rate way about 1.3 mm. per minute, and thy
cigarette paid the fire ruttiness text and exhibited
pa low ~ideqtream smoke. 33t concentration of citric cold
it near the upper limit for acceptable cigarette
appearance.
,.
: `
`- ~l2~2~ `
-24-
EXAMPLE 44
I. Jo . .
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 42 except
that only 50~ ox the surface area of the wrapper was
treated with citric acid in three longitudinal stripes
4~5 mm. wide. This cigarette rid not pa s the wire
resistance text, and the reduction in ~ide~tream smoke
way not noticeable.
EXAMPLE 45
Weight: 24 gtm2
Cook: about 25
Porosity: 30 second
Tar: High
Treatment: Soak 90~ of the surface area ox the
paper in a 16.6~ solution of citric
acid and allow to dry. Pattern it in
a longitudinal stripe 2205 mm. wide
with an untreated area 2.5 mm. wide.
Result Linear burn rate is about I mm. per
minute. The cigarette passed the
2Q wire resistance test and exhibited a
substantial reduction in side stream
smoke.
EXAMPLE 46
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except
that the concentration of citric acid was 33~. The
linear burn rate was about 2.18 mm. per minute, and the
cigarette pasted the wire resistance text and exhibited
a substantial reduction in side stream smoke. 33~ is the
upper limit of citric acid concentration for acceptable
cigarette appearance.
'
I
EXAMPLE 47
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except
that only 54g ox the area of the wrapper was treated
with citric acid in evenly spaced longitudinal stripe
4.5 mm. wide. This cigarette pasted the Pine resistance
lo t but did not exhibit an appreciable reduction in
~idestream smoke.
EXAMPLE 48
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except
that the citric acid concentration was only 9.09~. The
cigarette exhibited a substantial reduction in
~ide~tream smoke, but did not pays the fire resistance
text.
EXAMPLE 49
This example is similar to EXAMPLE 45 except
that the citric acid concentration was 9.09~ and the
area of` coverage way 75~, the treated area being on a
longitudinal tripe 18.7 moo wide with a 6.3 mm. space.
This cigarette jailed the fire resistance text, and did
not exhibit an appreciable reduction in wide treat
smoke.
EXAMPLES 42-49 indicate that fire resistance
and ~idestream smoke reduction can be achieved with only
partial coverage of the cigarette wrapper, provided that
a sufficient concentration of citric acid it used and
provided that the ratio of treated area to total wrapper
area it sufficient. Concentratiorl and area ratio are
interrelated in that a high concentration ox burn rats
reducer is effective when applied over a comparatively
small part of the total wrapper area, whereat lower
concentrations of burn rate reducer can alto be
effective if a larger portion of the total wrapper area
-26-
is treated. Partial area treatment reduce paper
porosity only in the treated areas leaving untreated
areas with their purities unaffected Jo that air
passes through the paper into the smoke try within
the cigarette to control the amount of tars, nicotine
and carbon monoxide in the smoke delivered to the smoker
with each puff of the cigarette.
For low tar cigarettes, a greater quantity of
burn rate reducer is generally needed than for high tar
lo cigarettes, to produce fire resistance.
The same general observation as deduced from
EXAMPLES 42-49 apply to the other substances which can
be used to treat high-porosity cigarette paper, namely
magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate, tartaric acid,
acetic acid, lactic acid, and sugars.
I haze found that with low tar cigarettes, a
greater quantity ox burn rate reducer is needed to
effect sideqtream smoke reduction than with high tar
cigarette I have also found that high tar clgaretteQ
2Q with low-porosity paper require somewhat lest treated
area or side~tream smoke reduction than low tar
cigarettes with low-porosity paper. However, if the
high tar characteristic ox a cigarette results prom the
absence of burn acceleration of the tobacco or prom the
burning charaoteri~tics of the tobacco the
classification of the cigarette as a "high tar" or "low
tar" cigarette ha little bearing on the effect ox area
coverage in determining side stream smoke reduction.
Treatment with milk as a burn rate reducer it
different in that high concentrations of milk, while
producing good fire resistance, tend to cause more
~Ide~tream smoke than intermediate concentrations The
:
.
following table ox examples illustrate this result it a
high tar cigarette. In the examples, cigarette paper
having a porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2,
and a Cook content of 25~ was treated with Carnation
non-fat dry milk in suspension by applying the
suspension to the paper in evenly spaced longitudinal
tripes 4~5 my wide separated by untreated areas
3,8 mm. wide. yin EXAMPLES 50-61, the paper was treated
' while surrounding the tobacco of the cigarette.
lo : . Pass Fire
concentration Area Side stream Resistance
Example of Su~n3ion Treated Reduction Test ,
, 50 11~ 50 good no
51 1`1S 75 good yes
1552 it 90 good ye
53 I 50 good ye
' 54 13g 75 good ye
`55 13~ 90 good yes
14.9~ 50 good ye ;
20' 57 '14.9~~ 75 good yes
58 14.9% 90 good yes
59 16.6~ 50 borderline ye
.60 16.6~ 75 borderline yes
61 ~16.6~ 90 borderline yes
Jo
At concentrations above 16~, ~ide~tream smoke
emission is increased to unsatisfactory Lyle. The
` highest practical concentration non-fat dry milk is
about 14.9% because at higher concentrations, the
cigarette paper darkens adjacent to the burning coal ox
the cigarette and this darkening may be oon~idered
objectionable..
.
-28-
Of the above examples, I prefer the cigarette
of EXAMPLE 56 because the 50~ area Coverage permits air
to enter the cigarette through the pore of the paper in
an amount adequate to provide good control ox tar and
S nicotine in each puff of the mainstream smoke.
The following examples correspond to EXAMPLES
50-61 except that the cigarette was a low tar cigarette.
Here again, the paper was treated while surrounding the
tobacco of a cigarette.
lo Puke Fire
Concentration Area Sidestrea~ Ruttiness
example of Suspension Treated Reduction Test
62 11S 50 unsatisfactory no
63 11% I unsatisfactory ye
64 11~ 90 good yes
13~ 50 unsatisfactory ye
66 13~ 75 good yo-yo
67 13~ 90 good ye
68 14.9~ 50 good yes
69 14.9~ 75 good ye
14~9S 90 good yes
71 16,6~ 50 good yes
72 16.6~ US good yes
73 16.6% 90 good ye
These example demonstrate that for low tar cigarette
`~idestream smoke reduction requires somewhat higher
.
concentration of burn rate reducer or greater coverage,
and that ~ide3tream smoke reduction becomes
unsatisfactory a concentration increases at least for
low percentage ox area coverage.
.
-29-
Here, discoloration of the paper occur at
concentration above about 16.6~, Jo that concentration
is a practical maximum. I prefer the cigarette of
EXAMPLES 66 and I as the areas of coverage in these
examples allow adequate amounts of air to enter through
the pores of the paper for tar and nicotine control.
In cigarettes with wrappers treated with a
burn rate reducer over only part of the total wrapper
area, I prefer to apply the burn rate reducer in
parallel, evenly spaced, lines ox at least 4 mm. in
width, the line extending in the direction ox the
length of the cigarette when the cigarette is formed.
The cigarettes of EXAMPLES 4~-73 were 25 my
in circumference. With cigarettes of lest circumference
(i.e. swilled "thin" cigarettes somewhat lower
concentration of burn rate reducers and somewhat lower
percentage of area coverage produce satisfactory
result.
With "thin" cigarettes, fire resistance,
sidestrea~ smoke reduction and ash color characteristics
similar to those ox treated 25 mm. cigarettes can be
produced with burn rate reducer concentration cut in
half. For example, a cigarette having a circumference
ox 20 mm. and a porous wrapper treated with a I
solution of mange I'm citrate perform similarly to a
conventional 25 mm. cigarette with a porous rapper
treated with a 5.9~ solution of minim titrate
Likewise, a 20 mm. cigarette treated with a 3.8~ Nanette
dried milk ~u~pen~ion performs similarly to a
conventional 25 mm. cigarette treated with an 8.2~
pension of non-fat dried milk. A 20 mm. cigarette
treated with a 10~ solution of citric acid perform
-30-
similarly to a 25 mm. cigarette treated with a 22
solution of citric acid
Those cigarettes of EXAMPLES 42-73 which have
satisfactory sldestream reduction and pa the wire
resistance text, as well as other cigarette in
accordance with the invention which past the fir
ruttiness test, alto produce a light-colored ash and do
not have to be snuffed out. They consume Lowe tobacco
or a given number of puts than an untreated cigarette,
have satisfactory draw characteristics, and produce a
volume of smoke in each puff satisfactorily equivalent
to that produced by an ordinary cigarette with an
untreated wrapper.
Treatment of cigarette paper in multiple
~ucce~ive steps gives rite to certain advantages. In
particular effective side~tream smoke reduction and fire
resistance can be achieved using low concentration ox
burn rate reducer in solution or pension Porosity
control can be achieved by partially covering the
cigarette paper with a burn rate reducer in one step and
Good ~idestream smoke reduction and wire resistance is
injured by applying a burn rate retardant in a very low
concentration over the entire area of the paper in a
separate step. Desirably, although not newsreel, the
partial coverage step it carried out by application of
the burn rate reducer to the side of the paper which
ultimately face the tobacco, as this royalty in a
cigarette having a better appearance.
Examples of multiple~3tep treatment include
the following:
-
:
3~2~
SAMPLE 74
Cigarette paper for a low tar cigarette, with
a Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight ox 24 g/m2
and a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a
suspension of about 13~ non-fat dry milk over 54~ of the
area of the paper on one side in evenly spaced
longitudinal tripes 4.5 mm. wide with a spacing of
3.8 mm. Following drying, the opposite side of the
paper was treated with a susperlsion of about 1b Nanette
dry milk. The results were very similar to those
produced in EXAMPLE 59. The partially treated side was
toward the tobacco.
EXAMPLE 75
Cigarette paper in a low tar cigarette with a
15 Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and
a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a
suspension of 13~ non-fat dry milk to one side ox the
paper in evenly spaced longitudinal tripes 4.5 mm. wide
with a spacing of 3.8 mm. Following drying, the tame
wide of the paper was treated with a 2.8~ of non fat dry
milk over it entire area. The cigarette way formed
with the treated wide ox the paper on the outside.
Side stream smoke reduction was satisfactory but the
cigarette failed the fire resistance test.
EXAMPLE 76
Jo
Treatment was the tame as in EXAMPLE 75 except
that the concentration of the suspension in the second
step was 4.8~. Side stream smoke reduction way
satisfactory, and the cigarette passed the fire
resistance test,
.:
I
-32-
EXAMPLE 77
Treatment was the tame as in EXAMPLES 75 and
76 except that the concentration in the first step way
11.1~ and in the second step was 6.99~. Side~tream
smoke reduction way even better than in EXAMPLES 75 and
76 and fire resistance was better than EXAMPLE 76 in
that charring of the test material was noticeably let
The following examples pertain to multiple
treatments of cigarette paper with solutions of
lo magnesium acetate.
EXAMPLE 78
Cigarette paper in low tar cigarette with a
Renoir porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2 and
a awoke content ox 25% way treated by applying a
solution of 20% magnesium acetate in longitudinal
stripes 4.5 my wide with a spacing of 3,8 mm " i.e.
over 54~ of the wrapper area. Following drying, a I
solution of magnesium acetate way applied to the tame
wide of the paper over it entire area. The cigarette
way formed with the treated side of the paper on the
outside. This cigarette jailed the fire resistance
Tut; but exhibited satisfactory side~tream smoke
reduction.
EXAMPLE 79
Treatment was the same as in EXAMPLE 78 except
that the concentration in the partial coverage step way
20~ and the concentration in the pull coverage step way
13% . This cigarette exhibited satisfactory sid~tream
move reduction and passed the fire resistance test.
on The difference between EXAMPLES 78 and 79 is
that EXAMPLE 78'~ second step used 9.9~ magnesium
acetate and the cigarette did not pays the fire
:
` ` :
~33-
resistance text. EXAMPLE 79 increased the concentration
in the second step to 13~, and the cigarette pasted both
side stream and fire resistance tests.
Partial coverage of the inside ox a cigarette
wrapper and pull coverage of the outside, using
magnesium acetate produces good results as demonstrated
by the following example.
EXAMPLE 80
Cigarette paper in a low tar cigarette with a
- 10 Greener porosity of 20 seconds, a weight of 24 g/m2, and
a Cook content of 25~ was treated by applying a
solution of 26S magnesium acetate to one wide of the
paper in longitudinal lines 4.5 mm. wide with a 3.8 mm.
spacing. Following drying the opposite side of the
paper was treated by applying a solution of 9.9~ over
its entire area. The cigarette was formed with the
partially treated wide toward the tobacco. This
cigarette exhibited satisfactory side stream smoke
reduction and paused the fire resistance test.
Sugars can be used a urn ratereducer~ a
illustrated by the following table of example. In
these example, the paper porosity way 20 second! the
awoke content was 25% and the weight of the paper wag
24 jimmy. The entire area of the paper was soaked in an
aqueous 901ution of the designated sugar in the
concentration indicated. The paper was then allowed to
dry, and wire resistance and side stream smoke tests wore
carried out. In the examples designated by numbers, the
paper was treated while surrounding the tobacco. In the
example donated by numbers followed by letters, the
paper was treated while separate from the tobacco,
':
~34-
Side stream Fire
Examples Sugar Concentrations Reduction Resistance
81 Dextrose 30~ Yes No
82 Dextrose 50% Yes Yes
S 83 Sucrose 30~ Yes No
84 Sucrose 50% Yes Yes
Maltose 20~ Yes No
86 Maltose 25~ Yes Yes
87 Maltose 35~ Yes Yes
AYE Dextrose 20~ Yes No
81B Dextrose 30% Yes Yes
AYE Sucrose 20 to 23~ Yes No
AYE Maltose 16.6 to 19.3~ Yes Yes
85B Maltose 20.63~ Yes Yes
In each of these examples, the cigarette produced a
white ash within acceptable appearance.
Thy practical upper limit for sugar
concentration it about 60~, because highly concentrated
sugar solution are hard to dry and tacky.
In the cave of sucrose, in concentrations in
excess of the 23% concentration in EXAMPLE AYE, the
paper became dl~colored adjacent to the burning coal.
Thus, it was not possible Jo obtain both side stream
smoke reduction and fire resistance with an aqueous
solution of sucrose alone in a cigarette in which the
paper is treated separately from the tobacco. The same
discoloration has been observed with high concentrations
of maltose. The problem of discoloration can be avoided
by using mixtures of sucrose and other burn rate
retardants, e.g. 15.7~ sucrose and 5.88~ citric acid, or
` .
-35-
by applying sucrose in two separate treatment steps,
e.g. 7% sucrose in each step, with drying following each
step. Sucrose can be applied in an alcohol solution, in
which cave good results can be achieved using
comparatively low concentrations, e.g. 11.2~ sucrose in
94.4~ ethyl alcohol.
Sugar solutions may be applied in two steps,
with the coverage in one of the steps being partial.
Examples are a follow:
EXAMPLE 88
Cigarette paper for a low tar cigarette having
a porosity of 20 seconds, a Cook content of 25S and a
weight of 24 my wag treated with a solution of 50~
dextrose over r5~ ox its area in longitudinal stripes
6 mm. wide with 2 mm. spacings between the. The paper
way dried and then treated over its entire area with a
- 33% solution ox sucrose and again dried. A cigarette
with the treated paper a a wrapper exhibited good
gidestream smoke reduction and pasted the fire
resistance text.
EXAMPLE 89
Thi~axample is similar to EXAMPLE 88 except
that maltose Was used instead of dextrose. The royalty
were similar to those in EXAMPLE 88.
EXAMPLE 90
The treatment was similar to that in EXAMPLES
88 and 8g except that the treating solution in both
steps was 33 1/3~ sucrose. The results were similar to
those in EXAMPLES 88 and 89.
The lower concentration limit or each ox the
treatment Stffp9 in multiple treatments using sugars it
dependent on the concentration in the other Beep.
I I
I
However, in general the luger limit of concentration for
the partial treatment step is about 30~ while the lower
limit of concentration for the full treatment step it
around 20%.
An additional layer of conventiollal cigarette
paper can be used to improve the performance of a
cigarette using low-porosity paper or of a cigarette
using treated high-porosity paper. The use of an
additional layer of cigarette paper in a cigarette
I having low-porosity paper is illustrated by the
hollowing example:
EXAMPLE 91
This cigarette had an inner wrapper having the
following characteristic
Weight 24 g/m2
Cook: 20~
Porosity: 50 sec.
The outer wrapper way in clove contact with the inner
wrapper and consisted of high-porosity cigarette paper
2Q having the following characteristics:
Weight: about 24 g/m2
Cook about 25%
Pro fly: 20 eke.
This cigarette exhibited substantially improved fire
resistance, and produced substantially let ~ldestream
smoke than the cigarette of EXAMPLE 3, which had a
jingle low-poro~ity wrapper.
The use of an additional wrapper Allah improve
the performance of a cigarette having specially treated
cigarette paper a illustrated by the following example.
I Al
--37--
EXAMPLE 92
In this example, the inner wrapper consisted
of cigarette paper having a porosity of 20 seconds, a
weight of 24 g/m2 and a Cook content of 25~, soaked in
a 4.5% solution of magnesium citrate (Mg3(C6HsO7)2).
The outer wrapper consisted of similar paper without
magnesium citrate. The outer wrapper and inner wrapper
were in clove contact with each other. This cigarette
produced good fire resistance and good side stream smoke
reduction. When this example is compared with EXAMPLE
22, it will be teen that the outer wrapper has the
effect Or reducing the concentration of the burn rate-
reducing substance required to achieve wire resistance
and sidestrea~ smoke reduction.
I have found that the inclusion ox an
additional wrapper improved the performance of
cigarettes using burn rate-reducing substances other
than magnesium citrate. I have also found that the
treated wrapper can be placed on the outside, and the
untreated wrapper on the inside without materially
affecting the performance Or the cigarette. An
additional wrapper can be used with a cigarette the
wrapper of Wylie it treated over part of its area a
described above, with similar improved results.
In all cases o r cigarettes which are treated
with burn rate reducers in the group consisting ox
citric acid, magn~slum citrate, magnesium acetate,
tartarlc acid, aoetlc acid, lactic acid, a sugar, or a
suspension of non-fat milk or skim milk, the
concentrations of these primary burn rate reducing
substances car be reduced without impairing performance
it other burn rate reducing agents are prevent.
_~. .
I 2
38-
Examples of applicable burn rate reducing agents which
may be added are monoammonium phosphate, diammonium
phosphate, ammonium sulfa mate, boric acid, and sulfamic
acid. For example, instead of using 22~ citric acid on
a conventional porous 25 mm. cigarette, similar royalty
in fire resistance, side stream reduction and ash
coloration are produced by treating the cigarette
wrapper with solution comprising about 9% citric acid
and I ammonium ~ulfamate.
lo Burn raze reducers in the primary group
(citric acid, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetate,
tartaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, sugar, non-fat
milk and skim milk) may Allah be used in combination a
demonstrated by the following example.
lo EXAMPLE 93
A Wonton Little' cigarette wrapper was
coated over its entire area with aqueous solution
comprising satiric acid and I sucrose. The glower
burn rate of the cigarette resulting from the treatment
of the wrapper made it possible to reduce the length of
the tobacco rod by 10 mm. from 53 mm. to 43 mug and to
increase the length of the jilter by 10 mm. from 22 mm.
to 32 my Worry the original cigarette produced 8
puffs, the new cigarette produced 10 puffs. It passe
the fire resistance test. Side stream smoke prom the new
cigarette way faintly vl~ible. Ash coloration, puff
volume and draw characteristics were similar to those of
the original egret, and the taste was somewhat
milder. The tree burn time of the new cigarette was
about 3 minutes, and the linear burn rate was about
3 mm. per minute, a contrasted with a linear burn rate
of about 5.3 mm. per minute for the original cigarette.
-39-
This was a reduction of about 43%, a 40~ reduction being
a desirable minimum degree of reduction.
EXAMPLE 94
Another Winston Light cigarette wrapper was
S treated over it entire area with an aqueous solution of
I magnesium citrate and 12.2~ citric acid. This
cigarette produced low ~idestream smoke and good fire
resistance The tobacco rod was 15 mm. shorter than
that of a conventional Winston Light cigarette, while
lo the filter way 15 my longer. The cigarette produced 14
puffs. Taste was satiqfae'cory. Ash coloration, puff
volume and draw characteri~ticq were similar to those of
the original cigarette. The free burn time way
approximately 3 minute and the linear burn rate was
1.7 Monet
EXAMPLE go
A Roth man Filter King cigarette way treated by
removing the tobacco, applying to the entire ~urfaoe of
the empty wrapper a mixture consisting of 4.2% Carnation
I brand non-fat dried milk and 2.34~ powdered sucrose in
water, allowing the paper to dry, and replacing the
tobacco. The tobacco rod wag 58 mm. in length and the
filter and tipping paper took up 25 mm. The dry weight
gain of the paper was 5 my. The cigarette exhibited
normal paper color and adequate draw characteristic.
The paper was lightly glazed on its surface, and was
somewhat stiffer than the untreated paper. The ash way
firm and capable of being flicked off normally The
cigarette exhibited excellent fire ruttiness, leaving
I only a stain on cotton fabric in the fire ricketiness
test It delivered fourteen puff a compared with
eleven puffs from the untreated cigarette The static
.
-40-
free burn time way between six and eight minutes.
Side stream smoke was substantially reduced. Tar was
about the same as with the untreated cigarette, but the
taste was milder with noticeably lest bite. Mixture of
5 non-fat dry milk with other sugars such a maltose are
also acceptable. Tar yield can easily be reduced by
using a perforated or porous jilter paper or by
shortening the tobacco rod by about 5 to 10 mm. while
lengthening the filter correspondingly. Shortening the
10 tobacco rod reduce the number of available puffs back
to the normal number, typically eleven
The ability to shorten the tobacco rod and
lengthen the jilter, mentioned in the last three
examples, applies to all cigarettes in which the linear
15 burn rate it reduced by treatment of the wrapper or by
use of a special wrapper. Although the slower burn rate
in some kiwi may produce a greater quantity ox tar, the
greater length of the filter compensate for the
increase in tar with the result that the smoke delivered
20 to the smoker has a lower quantity ox tar in each puff
Still further reductions may be achieved by treating
only part of the wrapper area as explained above with
reference to EXAMPLES 42-900
