Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to mild homogeneous aqueous
alkaline built liquid detergent compositions which contain,
at most, only low levels of conventional hydrotropes and/or
solvents.
Description of the Prior Art
Alkylpolyglycosides which are surEactants have been
disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,598,865; 3,721,633; and
3,772,269. These patents also disclose processes for
making alkylpolyglycoside surfactants and built liquid
detergent compositions containing these surfactants. U.S.
Patents 3,721,633 and 3,547,828 suggest that alkylpoly-
glycosides may have an advantage in formulating liquid
detergent compositions. U.S. Patent 3,219,656 discloses
alkylmonoglucosides and suggests their utility as foam
stabilizers for other surfactants. Various polyglycoside
surfactant structures and processes for making ~hem are
disclosed in U.S. Patents 2,974,134; 3,640,998, 3,839,318;
3,314,936; 3,346,558; 4,011,318; and 4,Z23,129.
~Ln~ eE_5~b~ ention
This invention relates to the discovery that certain
specific alkylpolysaccharide surfactants provide an
advantage in the formulation of aqueous liquid detergent
compositions containing certain alkaline inorganic
detergency builders. Specifically this invention relates
to mild homoyeneous aqueous alkaline built detergent
compositions comprising:
(1) from about 1/2~ to about 75~ o detergent
surfactant having the formula RO(R )y~Z)x
where Z is a moiety derived from a reducing
saccharide containing from 5 to 6 carbon atoms;
x is a number from about 1 1/2 to about 8 as an
average; R is an alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxy
alkylphenyl or hydroxyalkyl hydrophobic group
containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon
atoms; each Rl is an ethoxy propoxy and,/or
glyceryl group; and y is from 0 to about 10;
the ratio of carbons in the
~}~
.
-- 2 --
hydrophobic group to the number of saccharide moieties
being from about 1:1 to about 30:1;
and
(2) from about 1% to zbout 60g~ of an alkaline detergent
builder selected from the group consisting o~, sodiurn
polyphosphates and water-soluble silicates, carbonates,
bicarbonates, borates, perborates, citrates, polyacryl-
ates, and polyacetals, and mixtures thereof; the ratio
of (2~ to (1) being from about 1:10 to about 10:1.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The Alkylpolysaccharide Detergent Surfactant
It has surprisingly been found that the specific alkylpoly-
saccharide detergent surfactants of this invention are extremely
compatible with the specific cletergent builders. The amount of
these builders that can be combined with the alkylpolysaccharides
is greater than can be combined with other surfactants. Also, at
high alkalinity levels, the compositions are milder as a result of
the alkylpolysaccharides' presence. The alkylpolysaccharides of
this invention are those having a hydrophobic group containing
from about 6 to about 30 carbon a-toms, preferably from about 8
to about 18 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide ~5-6 carbon atoms
in each reducing saccharide unit, e.g., ~alactose, glucose,
~;lucosyl and/or galactosyl) hydrophilic group containing from
about I . 6 to about 8, preferably from about ~ to about 6
saccharide units on the average. For example, galactosyl moieties
and/or glucosyi moieties can be used and the hydrophobic group
can be attached at the 1~ , 3-, or 4-positions, thus giving,
e.g., either a glucose or galactose or glucosic~e or galactoside~
The intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position
of the additional s~ccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, or
6-position on the preceecling saccharide units.
Optionally there can be a polyalkoxide chain joining the
hydrophobic moiety and the poly(e.g., glucose, galactose,
glucosyl, and/or galactosyl) saccharide moiety. The preferred
35 alkoxide moiety is ethoxide. Typical hydrophobic groups include
8~
alkyl groups, either saturate~ or unsaturated, branched or
un~ranched containing from about 6 to about 30, preferably from
about 8 ~o about i5 carbon atoms~ Preferably, the alkyl ~3roup is
a straight chain saturated alkyl group. The alkyl group can
contain up to 3 hyclroxy groups and/or the polyalkoxide chain can
contain up to about 10, preferably less than 5, most preferably
0, alkoxide moieties. Suitable all<ylpoiysaccharides are octyl,
decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl,
heptadecyl and octaclecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and
hexaglucosides, galactosides, lactosides, glucoses, fructosides,
fructoses, and/or galactoses. Suitable mixtures inciucle coconut
alkylmono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl
tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides.
The preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula
~, o(cnH2no)t(slycosyl3x
wherein R2 jS selecteci from the group consisting of alkyl, alkyl-
phenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures th~r~?of
containin~3 from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about, 12 to
about 14 carbon atoms, n is 2 or 3, preferably 2, t is from 0 to
about 10, preferably 0, and x is from about l~ to abou-t 8, pre-
ferably from about 1~ to about 4, most preferably from about 1.7
to about 2~7. To prepare these compounds the alcohol or alkyl-
polyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with the,
e.g., glucose to form the alkylglucoside ~attachment at the 1-
position). The additional glucose monomers are attached through
their l-position to the original glucose units' 2-, 3-, 4-, or
6-positions, preferably predominantly the 2 position.
For solubilizing inorganic salts, the ratio of sacch~ride units
to aikyl chain carbons is from about 1:1 to about 1:20, preferably
from about 1: 2 to about 1: 4 .
Preferably the content of alkylmonosaccharide, e.g., alkyl-
monoglucoside is low, preferably less than about 10%, since the
alkylmonoglucoside is relatively less effective and acts as an
impurity. Also, the alkylmonoglucosides are relatively less
soluble in water.
-- 4 --
As used hereinafter, "alkylpolysaccharide sur~ctant" is
intended to represent both the preferred alkylpolyglycoside
surfactants derived ~rom glucose and the other alkylpolysaccha-
rides, e.g~, alkylpoly(glucose, galactose, ~lucosyl, and/or ga-
lac tosy i ) su rfacta nts .
The amoun-t of alkylpolysaccharide is preferably -From about
1 Po to about 7596, most preferably from about 1% to about 20% .
The Deter~ency Builder
The detergent compositions herein also contain from about IQ6
to about 609~, preferabty from about 5g6 to about 30%, and more
preferably from about 10~6 to about 20% of an alkaline detergent
builder selected from the group consisting of water soluble, e.g.,
ammonium, substituted ammonium, and alkali metal, e.g., sodium
and/or potassium, citrates, polyacrylates, polyacetals, carbonates,
bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates, tetraborates including tetraborate
decahys~rate, borates, perborates, and silicates having a molar
ratio of SiO2 to alkali metai oxide oF from about 0.5 to about 4,
preferably from about I to about 2 . 4 and sodium polyphosphate
and mixitures thereof.
The advantages for mixing the alkylpolysaccharides with the
individual detergency builders include the basic advanta~es of
requiring less hydrotrope and/or organic solvent to form homo-
geneous aqueous deter~3ent compositions and increased mildness.
Using the alkylpolysaccharide enables one to formulate liquid
products havin~3 a pH of from about 9~ to about 13~, preferably
from about 9~ to about ll and having a reserve alkalinity above
pH 9 . 5 of from about I to about 6 gms NaOH/ 100cc of pro~uct,
preferably from about 2 to about 4, which are as safe as
conventional heavy-duty commercial liquid detergent compositions~
Other aclvantages are present with specific builders, e.g.,
perborate is more active as a bleach when dissolved by the alkyl-
polysaccharide.
in the case of the alkali metal silicates, the amount of
silicate that can be solubilizecl with an alkylpolysaccharide is
greater than can be solubilized with conventional hydrotropes.
The ability of the alkylpolysaccharicJe to solubilize sodlum
488
polyphosphates such as sodium pyrophosphate was totally
unexpected.
The polyacrylates are, e.g., those havin~ molecular
weight of from about 2,000 to about 500,000. The poly-
acetal builders are those described in U S. Patents
4,144,266 and ~,246~495.
In addition to the above specific detergency builders,
other detergency builders can also be present.
Other examples of detergency builders include other
water-soluble neutral or alkaline salts. The other
builders are generally selected from the various water-
soluble, alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium
polyphosphates, polyphosphonates, polyhydroxysulfonates,
and polycarboxylates. Preferred are the alkali metal,
especially sodium or potassium, salts o~ the above.
Examples of polyphosphonate builders are the sodium
and potassium salts of ethylene-l, l-diphosphonic acid,
the sodium and potassium salts of ethane l-hydroxy-l,
l-diphosphonic acid and the sodium and potassium salts of
ethane, 1,1-2-triphosphonic acid. Other phosphorus
builder compounds are disclosed in U.S. Patents 3,159,581;
3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,422,137; 3,~00,176 and 3,~00,148.
Other water-soluble, nonphosphorus organic builders
useful herein include other alkali metal, ammonium and
substituted ammonium, polycarboxylates and polyhydroxy-
sulfonates. Examples of other polycarboxylate builders
are the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and
substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid and nitrilotriacetic acid.
Other polycarboxylate builders are set forth in U.S.
Patent No. 3,308,067, Diehl, issued March 7, 1967. Such
materials include the water-soluble salts of homo- and
copolymers of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic
acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, fumaric acid, aconitic
acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
Other builders include the carboxylated carbohydrates
of U.S. Patent 3,723,322, Diehl.
Other useful builders herein are sodium and potassium
carboxymethyloxymalonate, carboxymethyloxysuccinate,
.''~
~21~
-- 6 --
cis-cyclohexanehexacarboxylate, cis-cyclopentanetetra-
carboxylate phloroglucinol trisulfonate, and the copolymers
of maleic anhydride with vinyl methyl ether or ethylene.
O_ r in~redients_ _
In addition to the essential alkylpolysaccharide
detergent surfactant described hereinbefore, the detergent
compositions herein can contain from about 1/2% to about
50~, preferably from about 5~ to about 20%, of an organic
detergent surfactant selected from the group consisting of
conventional nonionic, anionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic,
and cationic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Detergent
surfactants useful herein are listed in U.S, Patent
3,66~r961, Norris, issued May ~3, 1972, and U.S. Patent
3,919,678, Laughlin et al, issued Dec. 30, 1975~ Useful
cationic detergent surfactants also include those described
in U.S. Patent 4,222,905, Cockrell, issued Sept~ 16, 1980,
and in U.S. Patent 4,23~,659, Murphy, issued ~ec. 16, 1980.
The follo~ing are representative examples of surfactants
useful in the present compositions.
Water-soluble salts of the higher fatty acids~ i.e.,
"soaps", are useful anionic surfactants in the compositions
herein. The soaps include alkali metal soaps such as the
sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylolammonium salts of
higher fatty acids containin~ from about 8 to about 24
carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12 to about 18
carbon atoms. Soaps can be made by direct saponification
of fats and oils or by the neutraliæation of free fatty
acids. Particularly useful are the sodium and potassium
salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut
oil and tallow, i.e., sodium or potassium tallow and/or
coconut soaps.
Useful synthetic anionic surfactants also include the
water-soluble salts, preferably the alkali metal, ammonium
and alkylolammonium salts, of organic sulfuric reaction
products having in their molecular structure an alkyl
group containing from
:~L2~
-- 7 --
about ~ to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sul~uric
acid ester group.
Such synthetic anionic detergent surfactants are desirable
additives at a level of from about 1% to about 10% to increase the
overall detergency effect and, if desired, increase the level of
suds. ~ Included in the term "alkyl" is the alkyl portion of acyl
groups. ) Examples of this group of synthetic surfactants are the
sodium and potassium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by
sulfating the higher alcohols (C8-C18 carbon atoms) such as those
produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and
the sodium and potassium alkylbenzene sulfonates in which the
allcyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in
straight chain or branched chain configuration, e. g ., those of the
type described in U.S. Pats. 2,220,0~9 and 2,477,383. Especia~ly
valuable are linear straight chain alkylben2ene sulfonates in which
the average numb~r of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from
about 11 to 13, abbreviated as Cll 13 LAS.
Preferred anionic detergent surfactants are the alkyl poly-
ethoxylate sulfates, particularly those in which the alkyl contains
from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms, preierably from about 12
to about 18 and wherein the polyethoxylate chain contains from
about I to about 15 ethoxylate moieties preferably from about I to
about 3 ethoxylate moieties. These anionic detergent surfactants
are particularty desirable for formulating heavy-du-ty liquid
laundry detergent compositions.
Other anionic surfactants herein are the sodium alkyl
glyceryl ether sulfon~te~, especially those ethers o~ hi~her
alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil
fatty acid mono~lyceride sulfonates and sulfates; sodium or potas-
sium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing
from about I to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecuie and
wherein the alkyl groups contain from about 8 to about 12 carbon
atoms; and sodium or potassium salts of alkyl ethylene oxide ether
sulfates containing about i to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per
molecule and wherein the alkyl group contains from about 10 to
about 20 carbon atoms.
-
-- 8 --
Other useful anionic surfactants herein include the wa-ter-
sol~ble salts of esters of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids containing
from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from
about I to 10 carbon atorns in the alcohol group; water-soluble
salts of 2-acyloxy-alkane-1-sulfonic acids containing from about 2
to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from about 9 to about 23
carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; alkyl ether sulfates containing
from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and fron~
about I to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; water-soluble salts of olefin
or paraffin sulfonates containing from about 8 to 24 carbon atoms;
and beta-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates containing from about I to 3
carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 8 to 20 carbon
atoms in the alkane moiety.
Ampholytic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic hetero-
cyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic moiety
can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the alipha-
tic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and at
least one aliphatic substituent contains an anionic water-
solubilizing group.
2 o Zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic
quaternary 3mmonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium cornpounds in
which one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18
carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent contains an
anionic water-solubilizing group.
i!5 Particularly preferred auxiliary anionic surfactants herein
include linear alkylbenzene sulfonates containing from about il to
i4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; coconutalkyl sulfates; alkyl-
polyether sulfates wherein the alkyl moiety contains from about i4
to 13 carbon atoms and wherein the average de~3ree of ethoxylation
is from about I to 4; and olefin or paraffin sulfonates containing
from abou-t 14 to 16 carbon atorns.
Specific preferred surfactants For use herein ;nclude:
sodium, potassium, mono-, di-, and triethanolammonium C14_l5
alkylpolyethoxylatel 3 sul~ates: linear Cll 13 alkylbenzene sul-
fonates; and Cl 2-1 ~ alkyl sulfates-
Other suitable surfactants include nonionic surfactants,
L6~
including those having an HLB of from about 5 to about 17,
which are well known in the de~ergency art. They are
included in the compositions of the present invention
together with the, e.g., alkylpolysaccharide surfactants
defined hereinbefore~ They may be used singly or in
combination to form nonionic surfactant mixtures useful in
combination with the alkylpolysaccharides. Examples of
such surfactants are listed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,630,
Booth, issued Feb. 20, 1973, and U.S0 Pat. No 3,332,880,
Kessler et al, issued July 25, 1967. Nonlimiting examples
of suitable nonionic surfactants which may be used in the
present invention are as follows:
(1) The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl
phenols. These compounds include the condensation products
of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from
about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or
branched chain configuration with ethylene oxide, said
ethylene oxide being present in an amount equal to 5 to 25
moles Qf ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol. The
alkyl subs~ituent in such compounds can be derived, for
example, from polymerized propylene, diisobutylene, and
the like. Examples of compounds of this type include
nonyl phenol condensed with about 9.5 moles of ethylene
oxide per mole of nonyl phenol; dodecylphenol condensed
with about 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of phenol;
dinonyl phenol condensed with about 15 moles of ethylene
oxide per mole of phenol; and diisooctyl phenol condensed
with about 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of phenol~
Commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type
include Igepal~ C0-630~ marketed by the GAF Corporation,
and Triton~ X-45, X-114, X-100, and X-102, all marketed
by the Rohm & Haas Company.
~ 2) The condensation products of aliphatic alcohols
with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide.
The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be
straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally
contains fro~ about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Examples
of such ethoxylated alcohols include the condensation
product of C12 13 alcohol condensed with about 6.5 moles
of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol; and the condensation
~2~
-- 10 ~
product of about 4-9 moles of ethylene oxide with C12 16
alcohol (a mixture of fatty alcohols with alkyl chains
varying in length from about 12 to lb carbon atoms).
Examples of commerically available nonionic surfactants in
this type include Tergitol~ lS-S-9, marketed by Union
Carbide Corporation, Neodol~ 45-9, Neodol 23-6.5, Neodol
45-7, and Neodol 45-4, marketed by Shell Chemical Company,
and Kyro~ EOB, marketed by The Procter & Gamble Company.
These materials are particularly preferred.
(3) The condensation products of ethylene oxide
with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of
propylene oxide with propylene glycol. The hydrophobic
portion of these compounds has a molecular weight of from
about 1500 to 1300 and exhibits water insolubility. The
addition of polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic
portion tends to increase the water solubility of the
molecule as a whole, and the liquid character of the
product is retained up to the point where the polyoxy-
ethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the
condensation product, which corresponds to condensation
with up to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of
compounds of this type include certain of the commercially
available Pluronic~ surfactants, marketed by Wyandotte
Chemical Corporation.
(4) The condensation products of ethylene oxide
with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene
oxide and ethylenediamine. The hydrophobic moiety of these
products consists of the reaction product of ethylene-
diamine and excess propylene oxide, said moiety having a
molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000. This
hydrophobic moiety is condensed with ethylene oxide to the
extent that the condensation product contains from about
40% to about 80~ by weight of polyoxyethylene and has a
molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000.
Examples of this type of nonionic surfactant include
certain of the commerically available TetronicR
compounds, marketed by Wyandotte Chemical Corporation~
(5) Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants
include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl
moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties
6~
selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and
hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to about 3 carbon
atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl
moiety of about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties
selected from -the group consisting of alkyl groups and
hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to 3 carbon
atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl
moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a moiety
selec~ed from the group consisting of alkyl and
~lydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
Preferred semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants
a~e the amine oxide detergent surfactants having the
formula
o
R (OR )xNR2
wherein R is an alkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, or alkyl phenyl
group or mixtures thereof containing frorn about 8 to about
22 carbon atoms, R6 is an alkylene or hydroxy alkylene
group containing from 2 to 3 carbon atoms or mixtures
thereof, x is from 0 to about 3 and each R7 is an alkyl
or hydroxy alkyl group containing from 1 to about 3 carbon
atoms or a polyethylene oxide group containing from one to
about 3 ethylene oxide groups and said R7 groups can be
attached to each other, e.g., through an oxygen or
nitrogen atom to form a ring structure.
Preferred amine oxide detergent surfactants are
C10 18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, C8 18 alkyl
dihydroxy ethyl amine oxide, and C8~12 alkoxyethyl
dihydroxyethyl amine oxide.
Fatty acid amine detergent surfactants useful herein
include those having the formula:
o
R3_1_NR4
wherein R3 is an alkyl group containing from about 7 to
about 21 (preferably from about 9 to about 17) carbon
atoms and each R4 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, Cl_4 alkyl, Cl ~ hydroxy alkyl, and
-~C2H4O)XH where x varies from about 1 to about 3
Preferred amines are C8 20 ammonia amides,
monoethanolamides, diethanolamides, and isopropanol amides.
- 12 -
Nonionic deter~ent surfactants (1)-(4) are
conventional ethoxylated nonionic detergent sur~actants.
Preferred alcohol ethoxylate nonionic sur~actants for
use in the compositions of the present invention are
biodegradable and have the formula
R8 (OC2H4 ) nOH,
wherein R8 is a primary or secondary alkyl chain of from
about 8 to about 22, preferably from about 10 to about 16,
carbon atoms and n is an average of from about 2 to about
12, particularly from about 2 to about 9. The nonionics
have an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) of from about
5 to about 17, preEerably from about 6 to about 15. HLB
is defined in detail in Nonionic Surfactants, by M.J.
-
Schick, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1966, pages 606-613. In
preferred nonionic surfactants, n is from 3 to 7. Primary
linear alcohol ethoxylates (e.g., alcohol ethoxylates
produced from organic alcohols which contain about 20%
2-methyl branched isomers, commercially available from
Shell Chemical Company under the tradename Neodol) are
preferred from a performance standpoint.
Particularly preferred nonionic sur~actants Eor use
in the compositions of the present invention include the
condensation product of C10 alcohol with 3 moles oE
ethylene oxide; the condensation product of tallow alcohol
with ~ moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product
of coconut alcohol with 5 moles of ethylene oxide; the
condensation product of coconut alcohol with 6 ~oles of
ethylene oxide; the condensation product o~ C12 alcohol
with 5 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product
o~ C1~ 13 alcohol with 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide, and
the same condensation product which is stripped so as to
remove substantially all mono ethoxylated and
nonethoxylated material; the condensation product of
C12 13 alcohol with 2.3 moles of ethylene oxide, and the
same condensation product which is stripped so as to
remove substantially all mono ethoxylated and
nonethoxylated material; the condensation product of
C12 13 alcohol with 9 moles o~ ethylene oxide; the
4Q condensation product of C14 15 alcohol with 2.25 moles
of ethylene oxide; the condensation product o~ C14 15
..
~6~
- 13 -
alcohol with 4 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation
product of C14_15 alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene
oxide; the condensation product of C14 15 alcohol with 9
moles of ethylene oxide and C10_14 alkyldimethyl or
diethanol amine oxides.
Preferred nonionic surfactant mix~ures may also
contain allcyl glyceryl ether compounds together with the
preferred alcohol ethoxylate surfactants. Particularly
preferred are glyceryl ethers having the formula
~,9 -O (CH 2CH 2 ) nCH 2 I H CH 2
OH
wherein R9 is an alkyl or alkenyl group of from about 8
to about 18, preferably about 8 to 12, carbon atoms or an
alkaryl group having from about 5 to 14 carbons in the
alkyl chain, and n is from 0 to about 6, together with the
preferred alcohol ethoxylates, described above~ in a ratio
of alcohol ethoxylate to glyceryl ether of from about 1:1
to about 4:1, particularly about 7:3. Glyceryl ethers of
the type useful in ~he present inven~ion are disclosed in
U~S. Pat. No. 4,098,713, Jones, issued July 4, 1978.
Other adjunct components which may be included in the
compositions of the present invention, in their
conventional art established levels for use (i.e., from 0
to about 90%), include solvents, bleaching agents, bleach
activators, soil-suspending agents, corrosion inhibitors,
dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, pH
adjusting agents (monoethanolamine, sodium hydroxide,
etc.), enzymes, en~yme-stabilizing agents, perfumes/
fabric softening components, static control agents, and
the like.
The following illustrate the practice of this
invention.
6~
- 14 -
EXAMPLE I
%
A B
Sodium Cl4_l5 alkylpoly-
S ethoxylate (2.2) sulfate 3 3
Sodium Carbonate 1.55 1.55
Sodium bicarbonate 1 . 25 1 . 25
Coconut fatty acid 1.8 1.8
Potassium pyrophosphate 13.8 13.8
Ethyl alcohol 7 . 3 7 . 3
Cl2-l3 alkylpoly9ly-
coside ( 3 ) o 3
Water ~ - Balance----~-
Stability Unstable Stable
~3 distinct
phases l
Addition of the alkylpolyglycoside to an unstable formula
actua!ly stabilizes it which clearly indicates a hydrotroping/-
solubilizing action. The alkylpoiyglycosides in these Examples are
derived from glucose.
EXAt~1PLE I I
%
A B
C12-13 alkylpoly-
ethoxylate (6.5~ 5 5
Sodium carbonate 5 5
C12 13 alkylpoly-
glycoside ~3) 0 10
Water -----Balance~
Stability (Two Stable
phases)
EXAMPLE 11 1
%
A B
C12-13 alkylpoly-
ethoxylate 16.5) 5 5
Sodium pyrophosphate 5 S
C12-13 alkylpoly-
g Iycoside t 3 ) C 10
Water -----Balance------
Stability ~TWO Stable
pha ses ~
EXAMPLE IV
%
A B C
Cl2_l3 alkylpoly-
ethoxylate (6.5) 5 5 5
Sodium silicate ~2.0r) 5 5 5
Sodiurn toluene sulfonate 0 10 0
Cl2 13 alkylpoly-
~Iycoside (3) 0 0 10
Water -----Balance~
Stabi I ity: 75 F . ( Two Stab le Stab le
phases )
100F (Three Unstable Stable
phases)
The alkylpolyglycoside stabilizes products containing alkali
metal silicates which cannot be stabilized with conventional hydro-
troping materials. In addition, it acts as a detergent surfactant.
~L2~
EXAMPLE V
%
A B
C12 13 alkylpoly-
ethoxylate (6.5) 5 5
Sodium perborate 5 S
C12_13 allcylpoly-
glycoside (3) 0 10
Water -----Balance------
Stability (Two Stable
phases )
EXAMPLE Vl
Twenty percent C12 13 alkylpolyglycoside ~3) and 25~ of
sodium silicate (2.0r) form a clear aqueous solution. Similarly,
lS ten percent sodium carbonate and forty percent Cl~ 13 alkylpoly-
glycoside form a clear solution at 25C. although ten percent
sodium carbonate will not fully dissolve in water containing other
surfactants at that temperature.
EXAMPLE Vl I
%
A B
Sodium Cll 8 alkylbenzene
sulfonate 3 1 . 8
C12_13 ~Ikylpoly-
glycoside (3) 0 1.2
Sodium citrate 5 5
Sodium carbonate 5 5
Sodium cumene sulfonate 6
Water and minors ~ Balance ~
Both formuias are stable, but the B formula requires much
less conventional hydrotrope. The formulas provide essentially
equal performance.
EXAMPLE Vl 11
I n the following corr positions, the formulas contained 6~ of
either C12 13 alkylpolyel:hoxylate (t;~5)r ~Control) or C12_13
alkylpolysaccharides with the indicated average number of sac-
charide units, 3% MEA ~monoethanolamrnonium) coconut soap, 4~
MEA C13 alkylben~ene sulfonate, 18~6 sodium nitrilotriacetate, 4~6
sodium carbonate, the indicated amount of conventional hydrotrope
~sodium cumene sulfonate~ and the balance water.
% hydrotrope
Saccharid~ required ~or
Compositionchain lengthhomogenity
Built
Control - >10
1.4 6
2 1.5 5
3 ~.9 5
4 2.6 4
~3.4 <4
Su~stitution of the alkylpolysaccharide surfactant for the
20 conventional nvnionic at a relatively low level diminishes the need
for a conventional hydrotrope. l'he longer polysaccharide chains
are more effective. Similar results are obtained when alkyl
polysaccharides 1-5 are substituted in Examples l-VI I and IX .
EXAMPLE IX
Sodium End Capped
Polyacetal
(i~olecular weight1096 C12-13 ~0~ C12-13
approx. 12,500)poly~31ycoside3 polyethoxylate6 5
5% soluble soluble
10~6 soluble viscous dispersion
20% soluble two distinct
phases
