Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
This invention relates to an apparatus for
trans~ort or displacement of elonyated objects in particu-
lar, as well as a pullin~ or trac~tion wheel comprised
in said apparatus. The expression "displacement of
objects with respect to the clevice i.tself" cornpri.ses
cases in which the device is stationary and displaces
the object as well as cases in whi.ch the device itselE
moves along the ohject, which in this case usually
is a stationary, horizontal or more or less sloping line
or wire.
A prior device of a similar kind forms the
subject matter of the GB patent 1,461,757, which rel~tes
to winch means having a "capstan" or wire drum and a
supplementing drive wheel which comprises two cooperating
cam discs. The cams of each disc face the cams of the
other disc and are located just opposite to the respective
cams of the latter.
Another similar winch means which is disclosed
in the U.S. patent specification 4,151,980 differs
from the above-mentioned one primarily in -that each
cam of one cam disc is located substantially just
opposite an interspace between two cams of the other
cam disc. This prior device also comprises a wire drum
in combination with the drive wheel.
The present invention provides a device of
this kind which is extensively versa-tile with respect
3~ to its range of utiliza-tion and thus can be employed
within very different fields of the technics and by
means of which it is possible to obtain the desired trac-
tional force without any wire drum~
According to one aspect o-~ the present
invention there is provided an apparatus for transport
or displacement of elongated objects comprising a first
disc which is rotatable on a :first ax:is of rot,ation and
B
.
~liC~ a fi.rc;t principal surface; a secorld disc w~lich has a secolld
prirlcipal surface opposing said first principal surface of the ~irst
disc and is rotatab:l.e on a second axis of rotat:ion which intersects
~lle fi.rst axis of rotat.iorl, saicldiscs fonn.itlg toqether a tr~ctiorlwheel,
~ .s~(or~cl axi.s oE rotation constituting t~le qeneratrix
~f l cone of .revolutiotl ilavillg an axis of revolut:ion which
intersects said first axis of rotation and a vertex
located substantially at the intersection of said axis
of revolution and said first axis of rotation and means for
rotating the second axis of rotation around the center
axis of the cone.
ln another aspect thereof the present in-
vention provides an apparatus for longitudinally displac-
ing elongated objects, comprising: means for defining a
first axis of rotation; a first disc rotatable about said
~irst axis of rotation said first disc including means
Eor defining a first surface; means for defining a
second axis of rotation said second axis of rotation
intersecting said first axis of rotation at an angle;
a second disc rotatable about said second axis of rotation,
said second disc including means for defining a second
surface substantially opposing said flrst surface of said
first disc said second axis of rotation constituting
an axis of revolution whioh intersects said first axis
of rotation and a generatrix vf a cone of revolution,
said cone having a vertex located substantially at
the intersection of said axis of revolution l9r and
said first axis of rotation, the top (apex) angle of
said cone being equal to said angle between said first
and second axes; and means for rotating said generatrix
about said axi.s of revolution of said cone.
In a still further aspect thereof the present
invention provides an apparatus for longitudinally
displaci.ng elongated objects, comprising: a first
shaft rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a second
\
~:~2~
shaft having a second axis of rotation, said second
axis o~ rotation intersectillg said first axis of rotation
at an a~lyle, saicl secon~ axis of rotation constitutirlg
a generatri~ oE a cone of revolution, said cone having
an axis of revolution which intersects said first axis
S of rotation, and a vertex at the intersection of said
first axis of rotation and said axis of revolution the
top (apex) angle of said cone being equal to said angle
between said first and second axes; a first disc secured to
said first shaft, said first disc having a first,
substantially conical surface; a second disc rotatable about
said second axis of rotation, said second disc having
a second substantially conical surface substantially
opposing said first substantially conical surface o~
said first disc, said first and second substantially
lS conical surfaces definin~ therebetween an interspace
having a substantially V-shaped cross section and extend-
iny substantially circumferentially around said disc;
means for rotating said first and second discs together;
and means for rotating said second axis of rotation
around the axis of revolution of said cone.
The present invention still further prov-des an
apparatus for longitudinally displacing objects, compris-
ing: a first shaft rotataple about a first axis of
rotation; a first disc non-rotatably connected to said
first shaft, said first disc including means for defin-
ing a Eirst surface; a second shaft rotatable about a
second axis of rotation; a second disc non-rotatably
connec-ted to said second shaft, said second disc
including means for deEining a second surface opposing said
first surface of said first disc; first coupling means for
coupling said Eirst and second discs together to cause
mutual rotation thereof, said first coupling means
permitting angular displacement of said second axis of
rotation with respect to said Eirst axis of rotation;
rneans for rotating said first shaft about said first clXiS
- 2a ~
~2Z~9
oE rotation; a third rota-table shaft; and second coupling
mearls for coupling said third shaft to said second shaft,
said second coupling means including means for rotating
saicl second axis of rotation about an axis intersecting
said first axis of rotation at an angle in response to
rotation of said third shaft, said second coupling
means including means for permitting said second shaft
to rotate independen-tly of the rotational position
of said third shaft.
The feeding or transport device according to
the invention may thus be
:
B ~ - 2b -
~L2~
said second axis of rotation, said second disc having a second
substantially conical surface subs-tantially opposing said
first substantially conical surface of said first disc~ said
first and second substantially conical surfaces defining there-
between an interspace having a subs~antial]y V-shaped cross
section and extending substantially circumferentially around
said disc; means for rotating said first and second discs
together; and means for rotating said second axis of rotation
around the axis of revolution of said cone.
Th present invention still fur-ther provides an
apparatus for longitudinally displacing objects, comprising:
a first shaf-t rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a first
disc non-rotatably connected to said first shaft, saicl first
disc including means for defining a first surfacei a second
shaft rotatable about a second axis of rotation; a second disc
non-rotatably connected to said second shaft, said second disc
including means for defining a second surface opposing said
first surface of said first disc; first coupling means for
coupling said first and second discs together to cause mutual
rotation thereof, said first coupling means permitting angular
displacement of said second axis of rota-tion with respect to
said first axis of rotation; means for rotating said first
shaft about said first axis of rotation; a third rotatable
shaft; and second coupling means for coupling said third
shaft to said second shaft, said second coupling means includ-
lng means for rotating said second axis of rotation about an
axis intersecting said first axis of rotation at an angle in
response to rotation of said -third shaft, said second coupling
means including means for permitting said second shaf-t to
rotate ~ndependently of -the ~ of said -third shaft.
The feeding or transport device according to the
invention may thus be
~.~r
O ~ t/ Of ~ o ~; ~ a ~7
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~ZZ~499
Flg. 1 is a si~plified end view of part o~ a t.~c-
tIon or driYe w~eel of the kind, ~nown ~z~ , to which
the invention yenerally relates.
~ ig. 2 is a pa~tlal side Yie~r of the tractio:l ~;ncel
and one of its bearing supports.
Yigs. 3 and 4 are partial plan vie~,~s,~lhich illustrate
different profiles o~ the ca~s of the traction wheel.
Fig. 5 is an end ~iew of a traction wheel having
a~ially mo~able cam discs.
lC Fig. 6 il]ustrates in a plan view a timber feeder in
which the traction ~heel accordin~ to the invention can be
utili~ed to ad~antage.
Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic side view of 3 traction
wheel which is preferably constructed according tc Fig. 5,
coupled to a rear wheel of a truc~.
Fig. 8 is a rear view of the t{action wheel accor-
d ing to Fig . 7 .
Fig. 9 is a partial plan view of a modified traction
or drive wheel.
~o Fi~g. 10 is a side view of an electrically powered
winch ~n which the traction wheel, e.g. according to
Fig. 9, is comprised~ ~
Fig. 11 is an end ~iew corresponding to Fi~. 10.
Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic side view of a manually
powered ship ~inch which is primarily intended to be used
on board sailing boats and co~prises a traction wheel accor-
ding to F~g; 9.
Fis. 13 is a plan ~iew corresponding to Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a partial plan ~ie~ of a traction wheel
haying adjustable cams and its one ca~ disc partially bro-
ken away.
_. . . .. . ... _ _. _ _ ._ .. . . . . ... . . .. . . . , .. .. . . . . . . ... _. . .
0~9
Fig. 15 is a slmplifled plan ~ie~ of an electrically
po~ered ~inc~.
Fig. 16 is a simplified axial sectLon througn a
winch or t~e like in which the rotat~onal axes of the
traction w~eel form an angle ~ith eac~ ot~er.
Fig. 17 illustrates the area B in F1g. 16 on a lar-
ger scale.
c~ One em~odi~ent of a traction wheel, which is known
13 with respect to its general features, i5 diagra~atically
illustrated in Figs . 1 and 2, in which also a drive shaft
19 and a pair of bearings 17 supported by bearing supports
22 are shown.
The traction ~heel 18 consists of two cam discs 23
which are rigidly connected with each other and with the
shaft 19 and w~ose insides which face each other has the
shape of a truncated circumferential surface. Each of these
circumferential surfaces has a series of cams 24, which may
be either întegral with their respective cam disc or ~elded
to the circumferential surface or united therewith in an-
other way. As is apparent from Figs. 1 and 2 the ca~s have
a substantially rectangular (square~ cross-section and are
;arcuately bent and so located on their respective cam discs,
that the rad1ally outermost end of eac~ cam is located
ahead of the inner~end of the cam, as seen in the rotatio-
nal direction of the tr~action wheel 18 as indicated by an
arrow in Fig. 2. The inner ends of the cams are not direc-
ted radially but are preferably tangents to a circle having
a radlus which i5 a fraction of the radius o~ the cam disc.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate examples of other cam discs.
.
~ 4 -
';
~'~
~22~g9
Thus, Fig. 3 lllustrates part of a cam disc 23 having
a central hu~ 26 and cams 24 which ir. this case have a
rectangular cross-section with one of its longest sides
facing inwards to the opposing cam disc 23. Fig. 4 is a
view correspolldillg to Fig. 5 and illustrating a ca~ ~isc
18 having cams 24 with an arc~ate cross--section.
The traction wheel described above which is basically
kno~n per se has ~een modified and ~urther developed in
several ways according to the invention to be able to be
utilized in'tools and equipments in many different tech-
nical fields. In so doing it is genereally necessar~ to
adapt the design of the cam discs and their mutual ~osi-
tion or setting to the field of utilization, which entails
different modifications of the embodiment described above,
as ~s exemplified below. In most cases of application the
traction wheel cooperates with a wire or rope or another
"round-material". The cams 24 of the m~tually opposing in-
sides of the cam discs may be located either just opposite
each other or may be displaced e~g. half of the pitch
between two ~adjacent cams.
Particularly in such apparatus where the cross dimen-
sions of the round-~ateri~al may vary within r21atively wide
limits it ~ay be suitable, according to one embodiment of
the invention, to make the cam discs 23 of the traction
wheel 18 mutually movable (displaceable~ in the axial di-
recti~on. Such an arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 5 which
is a side view of a traction wheel 18, the t~o cam discs
23 of which are displacably and non-rotatabl~ journalled
on a shaft 76 having a number of slide ridges 77 which are
~ in engagement with the hub of the traction wheel lS. On the
ends of the shaft 76, which are threaded, two pairs of
locking nuts 78 are provided. A compression spring 79,
which is thread onto the shaft 76, is provided bet~een
the two cam discs 23 as well as between eacii:disc and its
adjacent pair of locking nuts 78. In deper,dence of the
cross sectioll of the round-material (not sho~:n) red in
~ 5 -
,: .
...... . . , ... . _, ~ , .
~L2;2(~9
between the cam disc~ 23 these may be d~splac~d a-,iay ~rom
each other ~ithout mutual rotation under compression of the
springs 79. 23 designates the outer positions of the ca~
discs 23. Of course, it i5 within the scope of thc in~ien-
5 tion to make only one of the cam discs 23 dicplacabie and
the other cam disc stationary~
An area of application for the traction wheeI accor-
ding to Fiy. 5 is a wood or timber transporter, the round-
material being comprised of logs 50. According co Fiy. 6
which is a simplified side view of a timber transporter,
the tract;on wheel 18 is resiliently supported by a pair of
bearing arms 67 which are pivotally connected to a frame-
work 6~ and supported by a pair of supports 69 which co~
prise spring elements 70 and are also pivotall~ connec'ed
to the framework 68. In the described e~.bodiment the trac-
t~on wheel. 18 is powered by a hydraulic motor 71 which is
connected to a pair of pressure fluid conduits 72. When
the hydraulic motor 71 rotates the traction whe~l 18
counter-clockwise, the log 50, which is supported by a pair
.o of rollers 73 ~hich are rotatably journalled in the fra~e-
work 68, is advanced to the left according the arrows in
Fig. 6. 74 designates the transit points between the trans-
port table formed by the rollers 73 and the frame~ork 68
T~e traction wheel may be driven in different ways.
According to Figs. 7 and 8 the traction wheel 18, which is
preferably basically~constructed according to Fig. S to be
able to be adapted to wires or ro~es of different thickness
: as round-material, ~s in a suitable manner, e.g. by means
of bolts, secured to a~truck wheel 53 and is accordingly
driven by a truck or car motor. In fi~s. 7 and 8 there are
designated by 54 a ~ear axle, by 55 a spring packet, by 56
;a frame beam and by 57 a loading platform
In the example o~ applicaticn according to Figs. 7 - 8
it may be purposeful to make the cam disc~ mùtuall~ adjust-
35~ able in the rotational direction ir-stea~ o~ or as a supp-
lement to their adjustability in th~ a~ial direction. Such
::: ~: :: ~:
~ - 6 -
~ ~ ~ ,, .. ,,, . ... , .. , . ._.. _.,_.,_.. ,, , . . . _ .. .
,''~
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. ~ .
~2~
adjustabil-ty~in the rotational direction is illustra~ed
in Fig. 9 which shows portions o~ a traction wheel having
two cam discs 23a, 23b which have ca~s 24a and 24b,
respectively, having a triangular cross-section, which
are shown to be displaced half o~ the cam pitch mutually.
Traction-wheels whose cam discs are adjustable in the
rotational direction according to Fig. 9 are suitable e.g.
in a lift or hoistening structure according to Figs. l0
and ll, which are a side view and an end view, respectively.
This device~is intended to "climb" on some round-material
50, e.g. in the shape of a rope or a wîre, and comprises
a frame 59 which has bearings 68 for the traction wheel 18
and ~or an electric motor 61 which drives the traction wheel
through a pair of tooth belts 62, a chain, a gear or the
like. In the frame 59 there is displacably secured a holder
; 63 for a lifting hook 64 carrying a load 65 which is
hoisted w~en the traction wheel 18 is rotated clockwise in
Fig. 10, as ~s indicated by arrows in the Figures.
. In ~i95. 12, 13 and 15 other fields of application of
Z0 the device according to the invention are exemplified, par-
ticularly the pulling of ropes and the like. Thus, Figs.
12 and 13 illustrate a manually po~ered winch in a side
view and a plan view, respeetively. The winch according to
.
Figs. 12 - 13, whose~cam dises 23 are adjustable in the ro-
tational direction with respect to each other in one embo-
diment, are primarily intended for sheets, halyards, ropes
and other rigg~ng on ~oard sailing bots. It comprises a
traction wheel 18 having cam discs 23 and cams 24 of the
type deseribed a~ove and a erank 35 for rotating the trac-
~30 ;~tlon wheel 18 manually. The traction wheeI is covered bya protèct~ve housing 36. On the lower cam dise a toothed
wheel ring 37 is seeured eoaxially, wlth which a ratchet
39 w~ic~ is rotatable on an axîs 38, cooperates. The entire
winch which may be portable îs rotatably supported ~y an
35~ attae~ment ring 40 which has four apertures 4i for studs or
7 -
.;
~ 220 499
the like which are provided on a suitable, plane s~ppor~
surface on the shîp.
As an alterllative (or supplement) to the adjustment
of the cam discs proper in the rotational direction with
respect t~ each ot~ler it is also possible àccording to one
embodiment of the in~Tention to adjust the slant or slope of
the individual cams, as seen in a plan view which is per
pendicular to the rotational axis of the traction wheel.
Stated in another way lt is possible according to the
invention t~ ~Tary the angle bet~een two radii which emerge
from a co~mon point on the axis of rotation and pass through
the inner (rear~ end and the fore end located farther from
the axis of rotation of one and the same cam, respectively.
An embod~ment in which such sloping or inclining is
made possible is diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 14
According to ~ig. 14 t~e cam disc 23 comprises a hub rin~
29 wh~c~. ~s concentric with the remainder of the disc and
is turnable wlth res~ect thereto, and locking heads 30 for
fixation of the hub ring 29 in the adjusted angular or
rotational position with respect to the cam disc. At it~
circumference the disc 23 has for each cam ~4 a substan-
tially radi`ally directed~slot 31, in which a stud 32 may
slide w~ich has an enlarged head 33 on the outside of the
disc and in whose inner end, which is located between the
two cam discs 23, the radially outer e~ld of the respective
: cam ~s attached. The radially inner ends of the cams 24 are
rotata~ly secured to the hub ring 29 in a corresponding way .
. not represented in detail. It is obvious that it is pos-
sible to vary the angle bet~een each arbitrary cam and a
radius wh.ich intersects the cam in an ar~itrary point by
rotating and fixing the hub ring 29~
~ ~ Th.e embod~.ment according to ~îg. 14 ~ay be utilized
: : instead of that according to Fig. 9, e.g. in winches accor-
ding to Figs. 12 - 13 and 15, which in a very simpl'ified
way illustrates an e].ectrically powered, stationar~T winch,
-- 8 --
. ~
~.~2~0~g
~hich is supported by t~o base plates 43, of whicn one is
secured to t~e electric ~otor 44, whose electric connec-
tion is designated with 45. The other base plate carries
a bearing housing 46. 47 is a gear t~lrough which the motor
44 drives the tract~on wheel l~. A take-up drum L18 provi-
ded with a guide ring 49 for fed-in round-material 50 in
the shape of a ~ire, a string, a rope or the like is coup-
led to the traction whcel 18 through a ~rîction clutch or
the like (not shownl. The ro~e or the li~e 50 is fed toJ
from the ta~e-up drum 48 by means of a guide tu~e 51. The
drum 48 with its guide ring 4g and guide tu~e 51 may
possibly be omitted in certain cases.
In a further embodiment of the invention,which may be
applied e.g. to the wir-ch according ts Figs. 12 - 13, the
rotational axes of the two cam discs comprised in the
traction wheel according to the invention may be inclined
at an angle w;th respect to each other. Such an arrange-
ment is exempli~ied in Fi~s. 16 - 17 which diagra~matically
illustrate the essential parts of a ~inch or the like ha-
~ing a framework 43 with two ball bearings 90a, 90b in
which the traction wheel 18 is rotatably journalled, which
comprises two cam d~scs 23a and 23b. By means of a driving
input shaft l9a which is coupled to an arbitrary power
source (not shownl and whose geometrical axis is designa-
ted with 19x, the cam disc 23a is rota~ably journalled in
the ball bearing 90a. By means of a universal joint gl `
the cam disc 23b is non-rotata~ly (with respeet to the
sha~t 19x~ connected to the cam disc 23a in such a ~ay
that the cam dîsc 23b can tilt through a small anyle around
the axis l9c.
The cam disc 23b is rigidly united with a tubular
shaft 19d which in its turn is rigidly connected to a shell
hich forms part of a sphere and is comprised o~ two halves
19e and l9f and encompasses a solid angle which is greater
than a hemisphere. The shell surrounds a body 199 which has
~2~C)499
the shape of part of a sphere and has an outer surface which cor-
r~sponds to the inner surface of the shell l9e + l9f (see also
Fig. 17~. The body and the shell are so interconnected that they
can turn with respect to each other around the centre of the
sphere. By means of a universal joint or the like the body l9g
is unlversally rotatably connected to a shaft l9b which has the
geometrical axis 19y and is journalled in the ball bearing 90b
and to which a crank 90 or a hand wheel is non-rotatably con-
nected. As is apparent from Fig.s 16 and 17 the axis l9y is par-
allel to and displaced with respect to the axls l9x (the eccen-
tricity is exaggerated in Fig. 17). The arrangemen~ described
has a consequence that the body l9g, which has the shape of part
of a sphere, and the shell l9e ~ l9f, which also has the shape of
part of a sphere, carries out a planetarily circulating movement
of the axis l9y when the crank 90 or the corresponding hand wheel
is rotated.
Through the arrangement described above the rotational
axis of the cam disc 23b will constitute a generatrix of a cone
having a predet~rmined apex angle and whose apex is located in
the intersection between the axes l9c and l9x. This generatrix
may be rotated around the centre axis of the cone by rotating the
crank 90. Through simple, mechanical means lt is also possible
to parallel-displace the axis l9y as well as to turn it around
with the axis l9x as its axis of rotation.
In a special case of this embodiment the angle between
the axes of rotation l9a and l9d is fixed, set once and for all.
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