Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
7~7~L
SWIZZLED EMERGENCY ESCAPE SWISS
This mventiQn relates to an emergency escape system from eye-
voted structure which could be used as a fire-escape system from die
fervent levels of high rise building to its ground level. The sky-
slide emergency escape system of the present invention includes a
guide wire rope branching to at least two braking wire ropes wherein
the upper end of the guide wire rope is secured to an elevated struck
lure and each of the branching wire ropes reaching down to the ground
level is reeled on each of a plurality of take-up reels equipped with
a braking means for releasing the branching wire ropes under a preset
tension and a means for rewinding the branching wire ropes on the
reels. These take-up reels with braking means and rewinding means
are widely separated from each other and immovably secured at the
ground level. The person escaping from the elevated structure to the
ground level wears-a harness secured around one's torso and limbs
which includes a sturdy tether with a strong clasp attached to the
free end thereof. Upon hooking said clasp onto the guide wire rope
depending from the elevated structure and branching to at least two
braking wire ropes, which combination of wire ropes is tautly dispose
Ed into the shape of a pyramid because of the tension on the wire ropes generated by the reeling action of the take-up reels, the per-
son wearing the harness jumps down, descends at a high speed follow-
in the guide wire rope, slows down as the braking action provided
by the branching wire ropes takes place, and lands safely. As soon
as the escaped person unhooks the clasp attached to the harness from
the branching wire ropes, the take-up reels reel up the branching
wire ropes automatically and puts the guide wire and the braking
wires again in a taut condition readying itself for next descending
person.
I The hazards to human lives in case of fires in high rise
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apartments, hotels and office buildings is amply demonstrated by the
recurring tragedies involving the loss of lives and property in many
densely populated cities with many high rise buildings. Often, the
occupants of high rise buildings are cut off from the escape route to
the ground level as well as to the top of the building by fire and
smoke erupting through the stairwells and elevator shafts. At the
present time, the only way to rescue people from a burning skyscraper
is either by a helicopter or by a fire truck ladder. The former me-
trod is limited to rescuing people from the top of a skyscraper,
it while tube latter method is limited to evacuating people from the lower
levels of the skyscraper. the simple tnlth is that there is no means
available today for rescuing people trapped in the middle of a burn-
in skyscraper. The methods of using helicopters and fire truck lad-
dons are far from being satisfactory answer, because those method are
slow, inefficient and hazardous.
The primary object of the present invention is to provide a rapid
emergency escape system from an elevated structure that can be used
to escape from any level of the elevated structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a simple,
fast and inexpensive emergency escape system from any level of an
elevated structure wherein its operation is reliable, inexpensive and
reusable.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an omen-
agency escape system from any level of an elevated structure that is
mostly self-contained and that becomes operative with the minimum
amount of assistance from equipment stationed at the ground level.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an
emergency escape system from any level of an elevated structure that
can be tucked away and stored in such a way that the daily use of
3C the elevated structure is not hindered at all by the existence of
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the escape system.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide an
emergency escape system from elevated structures that can be used by
average people including children, women and men of average mental
and physical capability.
These and other objects of the present invention will become
obvious as the description thereof proceeds.
The present invention and its objects may/described with greater
clarity and specificity by referring to the following Figures :
Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the
sky-slide emergency rescue system showing an initial phase of an
escape operation.
Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of the sky-slide omen-
agency escape system of Figure 1 in a stowed away arrangement for
storage.
Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of the sky-slide omen-
agency escape system of Figure 1 showing a final phase of an escape
operation.
Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the sky-slide omen-
agency escape system.
Figure 5 illustrates a further embodiment of the sky-slide omen-
agency escape system.
Figure 6 illustrates still another embodiment of the sky-slide
emergency escape system.
Figure 7 illustrates still a further embodiment of the sliy-slide
emergency escape system.
Figure 8 illustrates yet another embodiment of the sky-slide
emergency escape system.
Figure 9 illustrates yet a further embodiment of the sky-slide
emergency escape system.
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12Z7~71
In figure 1 there is shown a perspective view of an embodiment
of the sky-slide emergency escape system, which demonstrates the print
supplies of the present invention teaching a rapid escape system from
an elevated structure. The sky-slide emergency escape system for ray
idly evacuating a person or an object from an upper level 1 to a
lower level 2 comprises a guide wire rope or guide cord 3 depending
from an over-hanging structure 4 secured at the upper level 1 and a
pair of braking wire ropes or braking cords 5 and 6 extending from
one extremity of the guide wire 3. The other extremity of the guide
wire 3 is secured to the over-hanging structure 4 anchored to the
upper level. The extremities 7 and 8 of the braking wire ropes 5 and
6 reaching down to the lower level 2 include the connecting means 9
and 10, respectively, and are connected to the take-up wire ropes or
take-up cords 11 and 12, respectively. The take-up wire ropes 11 and
12 are reeled up on the take-up reel systems 13 and 14, respectively.
The take-up reel systems 13 and 14 are widely separated from each
other and are immovably secured to the lower level 2 in either a per-
Mennonite or a temporary manner. The take-up reel system 14 includes a
one-way braking means comprising a mechanical or a hydraulic or a
electromagnetic brake 15 and a ratchet coupling 16 coupling the brake
15 to the reeling drum 17. The one-way braking means does not hinder
the reeling rotation of the reeling drum 17, while it hinders the us-
reeling rotation of the reeling drum and maintains a tension of a
preset level on the braking wire rope 5 for all instances during the
unreeling phase. The take-up reel system 13 further includes a power
drive 18 coupled to the reeling drum 17 by the friction clutch 19.
The friction level in the friction clutch 19 is set at a level high
enough to reel up the take-up wire ropes 11 on the reeling drum 17
when the braking wire rope 5 connected to the take-up wire rope 11 is
free from any restraint other than its own weight and its own stiffness,
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122717~
while its friction level is low enough to allow the reeling drum 17
to slip and unreel the take-up wire rope 11 when the braking wire rope
5 connected thereto is pulled by a large tension such as the one erect-
Ed by a person descending on the sky-slide emergency escape system.
The take-up reel system 14 includes a one-way braking means comprising
a brake 20 and a ratchet coupling 21, a reeling drum 22, a power
drive 23 and a friction clutch 24, which elements have the same ox-
jectives and functions as those included in the take-up reel system
13.
When an emergency arises requiring the evacuation of people from
the upper level 1 to the lower level 2 by means of the sky-slide soys-
them shown in Figure 1, the person escaping from the upper level 1 to
lower level 2 puts on a harness 25 securing the torso and limbs, which
harnesses are stored on the upper level 1 in suitable quantities.
The harness 25 includes a sturdy tether 26 and a strong clasp means
27 attached to the free end thereof. The escaping person wearing
the harness 25 hooks on the clasp means 27 onto the guide wire rope
3 and jumps off, whereupon the escaping person free-falls following
the guide wire 3 until the clasp means 27 reaches the branching point
of the braking wire ropes 5 and 6 and starts pulling the braking wire
ropes 5 and 6 together. The pulling action of the braking wire ropes
5 and 6 generated by the descending clasp means 27 simultaneously en-
gaged by the braking wire ropes 5 and 6 creates a high tension on the
braking wire ropes 5 and 6 and, consequently, on the take-up wire
ropes 11 and 12 which become unreeled from the take-up reel systems
13 and 14 in a controlled rate as dictated by the one-way braking
means included therein. The deceleration of the descending speed of
the escaping person can be analyzed quantitatively in two different
concepts. The net resultant force on the clasp means 27 resulting
3C from the tensions on the braking wire ropes 5 and 6 is in the upward
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vertical direction. It can be easily shown that the deceleration of
the person descending on the sky-slide system shown in Figure 1 is
approximately given by the equation
a = _ (IT - g) + - sin 0,
wherein a is the acceleration, T is the tension on the braking wire
ropes 5 and 6 created by the one-way braking means included in the
take-up reel systems 13 and 14; m is the mass of the descending
person; g is the earth's gravitational acceleration and is the
angle between a braking wire rope and the horizontal plane. In this
formula the effect of the friction between the clasp means 27 and the
braking wire ropes is not included. It is not difficult to recognize
from this formula that, when the tension on the braking wire rope
is maintained at a value equal to three times that of the weight of
the descending person, the descending movement starts to decelerate
when becomes equal to 56 degrees and the maximum rate of dazzler-
lion is equal to So at the time of landing on the lower level 2. It
is obvious that the difference in the potential energy between the
upper level 1 and lower level 2 has to be counter-balanced by the
work done by two braking ropes during the unreeling phase, if the
descending person is to be safe-landed on the lower level 2. This
condition may be written in an equation
T do = why
ill
where Lo and Lo are the initial and final length of the unreeled
portion of the take-up wire rope connected to the braking wire rope;
T is the tension on the take-up wire rope created by the one-way
braking means included in the take-up reel system; do is the
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differential length of the take-up wire rope; w is the weight of the
descending person, h is the height from the lower level 2 to the upper
level 1. If the tension on the take-up wire rope remains constant
during the unreeling phase of descending, the aforementioned equation
becomes
T AL why
where AL is the length of the take-up wire rope unreeled during
the descending motion of the escapee. It can be easily discovered
from this equation that, when the tension on the braking wire ropes
is maintained at a value equal to three times that of the weight of
the descending person, the sky-slide system can safely bring down
a person from a height equal to six times the length of each take-up
reel system. For example, a sky-slide system including a pair of the
take-up reel systems wherein each take-up reel system unreels 100 ft.
of take-up wire rope while maintaining 600 pounds of tension, can
safely bring down a person weighing 200 pounds from a height of 600
ft. When a sky-slide system is equipped with four braking wire ropes
connected to four different take-up reel systems, it takes only 50 ft.
length of unreeling wire to rescue a person from a 600 ft. height.
This estimation clearly shows the feasibility and practicality of the
sky-slide system in many applications including the rapid fire escape
system from high-rise buildings. Once the descending person lands
safely on the lower level 2, the clasp means 27 is unhooked from both
braking wire ropes S and 6. Now there is no major restraint on the
take-up wire ropes 11 and 12, the friction clutch 19 and 24 activates
the reeling rotation of the reeling drums 17 and 22, respectively,
and the braking wire ropes 5 and 6 are put back in a taut state and
in the shape of a pyramid. It is then ready to lower another person.
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1227~7~
It should be understood that, the power drives 18 and 23 driving
the reeling drums 17 and 22 are in operation for all instances during
the rescue operation and, consequently, everything is automatic in
the operation of the sky-slide system shown in Figure 1 with the ox-
caption of the hooking and unhooking of the clasp 27 onto and off of
the wire ropes by the descending person. It should be understood
that the take-up reel systems 13 and 14 may/permantly installed units
in conjunction with the construction of the elevated structure include
in the upper level 1 or they may be mobile units mounted on fire
trucks and other types of emergency and rescue vehicle. It should
be also understood that the take-up reel systems 13 and 14 may be come
pletely automatic as described in conjunction with Figure 1 or be
semiautomatic or manual operations type using manual controls that
activates the power drive-deactivates the brake and vice versa wherein
the friction clutch and the ratchet couplings are not required. Even
in the fully automated take-up reel systems, there are other means
that serves the same purpose as the ratchet coupling and the friction
clutch. The specific embodiment of the take-up reel system described
in conjunction with Figure l is an example of many take-up reel soys-
terms of fully automatic or semiautomatic operation which are avail-
able to create the controlled release of the take-up wire rope from
the take-up reel system under braking. It must be mentioned that the
guide wire rope may branch to less or more than two braking wire
ropes depending on the specific working environment and operating con-
diction . It should be mentioned that the sky-slide system works well
without the guide wire ropes. For example, the pair of braking wire
ropes 5 and 6 can be directly secured to the over-hanging structure
4 and the sky-slide system functions perfectly well as long as the
escaping person hooks the clasp 27 around both braking wire ropes 5
and 6. The guide wire rope is included in the embodiment shown in
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~227~71
this patent application, because it eliminates the potential cause of
fatal accidents created by a descending person inadvertently hooking
the clasp means 27 on one braking wire rope only when two or more
braking wire ropes are directly secured to the over-hanging structure
4. The inclusion of the guide wire rope 3 also enables one to bring
down the evacuees at an accelerated pace.
In Figure 2 there is shown a perspective view of the sky-slide
system shown in Figure 1 minus the take-up reel systems 13 and 14,
which shows the sky-slide system of Figure 1 stowed away in a storage
position after it is disconnected from the mobile take-up reel systems.
The combination comprising the guide wire rope 3 and the braking wire
ropes 5 and 6 branching and extending therefrom is disposed adjacent
to the wall 28 of the elevated structure and the lower extremities 7
and 8 of the braking wire ropes 5 and 6 are held down by a hold-down
means comprising pluralities of holding hooks 29, 30, etc. When an
emergency arises requiring the evacuation of people from the upper
level 1 to the lower level 2, a pair of fire trucks equipped with the
take-up reel system such as the unit 13 or 14 shown in Figure 1 and
responding to the emergency are parked at two locations on the lower
level 2 some distance away from the wall 28 of the elevated structure
and separated from ore another at a predetermined distance and an
equal distance away from the vertical plane including the guide wire
rope 3. Lyon the rescue crew connects the lower extremity of each of
the braking wire ropes to each of the take-up reel systems mounted on
the fire trucks and turns on the power driving the take-up reel systems,
the braking wire ropes 5 and 6 become stretched into the shape of a
pyramid and the sky-slide system is ready for use. It is not Defoe-
cult to imagine that the wire ropes included in the sky-slide system may
be pulled up to the upper level 1 and reeled on a storage reel there.
In case of emergency, the people at the level 1 have to unreel and
1227~71
lower the wire ropes to the level 2. It should be understood that
the guide wire rope with a plurality of the braking wire ropes extend-
in therefrom can originate and depend from any level of the elevated
structure, as they function in the same way no matter what level they
originate from once they are connected to the take-up reel systems.
The take-up reel systems may be mounted on the fire trucks or other
rescue vehicles, as described in conjunction with Figure 2. The
take-up reel systems may be installed permanently under the street or
parking lot adjacent to the elevated structure. In such a permanent
installation, only the connecting ends of the take-up wire ropes must
be located in a releasable manner at the appropriate locations in no-
lotion to a vertical plane including the guide wire, while the actual
reeling and braking assemblies can be located any place wherein the
take-up wire ropes are routed through under ground tunnels.
In Figure 3 there is shown the lower half of the sky-slide omen-
agency escape system of Figure 1 at an instant when an evacuee is about
to touch down on the level 2. It is clear that the take-up reel soys-
terms have to unreel and release the take-up wire ropes 11 and 12,
because the clasp pulled down by the descending person has changed
the configuration of the braking wire ropes 5 and 6 from a shorter
configuration as shown in Figure 1 to a longer configuration as shown
in Figure 2. As soon as the clasp means 27 is removed from the brake
in wire ropes 5 and 6, the take-up reel systems 13 and 14 reel up
the braking wire ropes and put them back into a shorter configuration
as shown in Figure 1 and the sky-slide system is ready for another
descending. It is important for smooth operation of the sky-slide
system that splicing of the guide wire rope 3 and the braking wire
ropes 5 and 6 is free of any knots. One of the best methods to con-
strut the branching wire ropes used in the sky-slide system is to run
each of the braking wire ropes all the way to the securing end of the
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~.227~
guide wire rope and then to enclose them together tightly within a
tubing over the length from the securing end to the branching point.
In Figure 4 there is illustrated another embodiment of the sky-
slide emergency escape system constructed in accordance with the print
supplies of the present invention. The combination of the guide wire
rope 31 and the pair of the braking wire ropes 32 and 33 branching
and extending therefrom is depending from an over-hanging structure
34 secured at an elevated level. The braking wire ropes 32 and 33
reach down to the lower level after slid ably engaging and extending
through the wire rope guides 35 and 36 comprising a plurality of guide
sheaves, respectively. The wire rope guides 35 and 36 are disposed
at two opposite sides of and at equal distances away from a vertical
plane including the guide wire rope 31. The braking wire ropes 32
and 33 are routed through the check stops 37 and 38, respectively,
and are connected to the take-up wire ropes reeled on the take-up
reel systems 39 and 40 installed on the lower level, respectively.
When the check stops 37 and 38 are activated manually, the check
stops 37 and 34 allows the braking wire ropes 32 and 33 to be unreeled
from the take-up reel systems 39 and 40, while they prevent the brake
in wire rope 32 and 33 from being reeled up onto take-up reel systems
39 and 40. When the check stops 37 and 38 are deactivated manually,
they do not interfere with the reeling and unreeling movement of the
braking wire ropes 32 and 33. The take-up reel systems 39 and 40 may
comprise the same elements as the units 13 and 14 described in con-
junction with Figure 1 or they may respectively comprise a take-up
drum driven by a power drive via a high friction clutch playing a
dual role; a brake for controlling the unreeling motion of the braking
wire rope and a drive clutch ton reeling of the braking wire rope on
the take-up drum. The need of the one-way braking means for the
take-up reel systems is eliminated because of the inclusion of the
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~227~7~
check stops 37 and 38. The braking wire ropes shown in the broken
lines illustrates the configuration of the braking wire ropes 32 and
33 at an instant when an evacuee is about to land on the lower level.
The embodiment of the braking wire ropes shown in Figure 4 is capable
of more rapidly slowing down the descending motion of the evacuee
compared with the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
In Figure 5 there is shown a further embodiment of the sky-slide
emergency escape system comprising a guide wire rope with a pair of
the braking wire ropes 41 and 42 depending from an over-hanging struck
lure 43 secured to the upper level and pair of the wire rope guides
44 and 45. These elements are disposed essentially the same way as
those included in Figure 4 and have the same functions as those include
Ed in Figure 4. The pair of the take-up reel systems 46 and 47 are
installed at a level above the lower level that may be intermediate
the upper level and the lower level or equal to or even higher than
the upper level from which the evacuees are descending to the lower
level. The take-up reel systems 46 and 47 must comprise all elements
included in those units 13 and 14 described in conjunction with
Figure 1 in view that the embodiment shown in Figure 5 does not
include the wire rope check stops.
In Figure 6 there is shown still another embodiment of the
sky-slide emergency escape system comprising a guide wire rope 48 with
its upper extremity suckered to an elevated structure 50 and its
lower extremity 51 anchored to the lower level 52 in a taut state;
and a braking wire rope 53 branching from the guide wire rope 48 and
connected to the take-up wire rope reeled on a take-up reel system
54 including the same elements as those units 13 or 14 described in
conjunction with Figure 1. The wire rope shown in the broken lines
illustrates the configuration of the braking wire rope 53 at an ins-
lent when the evacuee is about to land on the lower level 52. The
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1227~71
lower extremity 51 of the guide wire rope 48 should be removably an-
cored to a hook or other anchoring means located in a street or
parking lot adjacent to the elevated structure, which is located away
from the elevated structure and concealed under the surface of the
street or parking lot so that it does not interfere with the daily
use of the street or parking lot. the take-up reel system 54 may be
a mobile unit mounted on a fire truck or other rescue vehicle parked
on the lower level 52 at a location some distance away from the eye-
voted structure 50 whereby the person descending on the sky-slide
lo system remains suspended under the guide wire rope I and the braking
wire rope 53. The lower extremity 55 of the braking wire rope 53 is
removably connected to the take-up wire rope 56 reeled on the take-up
reel system 54 whereby the combination of the guide wire rope 48 and
the braking wire rope 53 is stowed away to a storage position in the
side of the elevated structure or at the top of the elevated structure
after it is disconnected from the anchoring hook installed on the
lower level and the mobile take-up reel system 54.
In Figure 7 there is shown still a further embodiment of the
sky-slide emergency escape system arranged essentially in the same way
as that of Figure 6 with one exception being that the guide wire rope
57 stretched between the elevated structure 58 and the lower level
59 includes a pair of the braking wire ropes 60 and 61 branching
therefrom and connected to the take-up wire ropes respectively reeled
on the take-up reel systems 62 and 63, respectively, each of which
have the same elements as that of the unit 13 or 14 described in con-
junction with Figure 1. It is readily understood that more than two
braking wire ropes branching from the guide wire rope may be included
wherein the lower extremities of the braking wire ropes are connected
to the take-up reel systems of matching numbers. It should be under-
stood that, when there are more than two braking wire ropes included
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in the sky-slide system, it is important to include a guide wire rope
stretched all the way between the elevated structure and the lower
level as shown in Figure 7 because the unequal braking between two
take-up reel systems can cause the evacuee to slam onto one take-up
reel system with a greater braking force. In general, those embody-
mints shown in Figure 6 and 7 are more desirable over the embodiment
shown in Figure 1.
In Figure 8 there is shown yet another embodiment of the sky-
slide emergency escape system. The guide wire rope 64 is secured to
and
an elevated structure 65 at the upper extremity 66/removably anchored
to the lower level 67 at the lower extremity 68. A pair o' the brake
in wire ropes 6g and 70 branch off from the guide wire rope 64 at a
junction intermediate the upper and lower extremities of the guide
wire rope. The braking wire ropes 69 and 70 slid ably engage and ox-
tend through the wire rope guides 71 and 72 disposed at two opposite
sides of and at equal distances away from a vertical plane including
the guide wire rope 64. The braking wire ropes 69 and 70 are routed
side by side after passing through a third wire rope guide 73 and con-
netted to a common take-up reel system comprising a one-way bracing
means including a brake 75 and a ratchet coupling 76; a take-up drum
77 and a friction clutch 78 frictionally linking the rotational move-
mint between the power drive 79 and the take-up drum 77. The opera-
tonal principle of the -take-up reel system is the same as that of
those units 13 and 14 described in conjunction with Figure 1. The
embodiment shown in Figure 8 is suitable for a self-sufficient sky-
slide system wherein the take-up reel system 74 is permanently install
led inside the elevated structure and the anchoring hook removably
anchoring the lower extremity 68 of the guide wire rope 64 is install
led in the street or a parking lot in a concealed configuration. The
guide wire rope 64 is stowed away to a storage position adjacent to
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i227~71.
the portion of the braking wire ropes 69 and 70 routed in a side by
side relationship after the lower extremity 68 of the guide wire rope
64 is disconnected from the anchoring hook installed at the lower
level. It should be understood that the lower extremities of the brake
in wire ropes 69 and 70 may be connected to two separate take-up reel
systems in an arrangement similar to that of Figure 4 or Figure 5. It
should be also understood that the lower extremities of the braking
wire ropes nay be connected to the take-up reel system powered by the
earth's gravitational force as illustrated in Figure 9. It should be
mentioned that the embodiments shown in Figure 4 and 5 may be modified
by extending the guide wire ropes all the way down to the lower level
and removably anchoring them by the anchoring hooks installed at the
lower level at a location some distance away from the elevated
structure.
In Figure 9 there is shown yet a further embodiment of the sky-
slide emergency escape system comprising a guide wire rope 80 depend-
no from an elevated structure 81 and a pair of the braking wire ropes
82 and 83 branching and extending from the guide wire rope I The
braking wire ropes 82 and 83 are routed through the wire rope guide 84
and 85 equipped with one-way braking wheels fix and 87, respectively,
and connected to the compound pulley systems 88 and 99 powered by the
weights 90 and 91, respectively. the one-way braking wheels 86 and 87
hinder the releasing movement of the braking ropes 82 and 83 from the
compound pulley systems 88 and 89, while they do not interfere with
the take-up movement of the braking wire ropes 82 and 83 into the come
pound pulley systems 88 and 89. The weights 90 and 91 are just heavy
enough to power the compound pulley system to take up the braking wire
ropes and to keep them at a taut state as shown in Figure 9 when the
braking wire ropes are not constrained by the clasp attached to the
Horace worn by a descending evacuee. The one-way braking wheels 86
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and 84 gradually releases the braking wire ropes 82 and 83 that
slows down the rapidly descending evacuee. When the evacuee removes
the clasp attached to his harness from the braking wire ropes 82
and 83, the compound pulley systems 88 and 89 automatically pull
back the sky-slide to a taut state and it becomes ready to take
the next evacuee. It is readily understood that the guide wire
rope 80 may be extended all the way to the lower level and removably
anchored to the lower level in the same manner as shown in Figure 8.
There are many other arrangements well known to the experts in the
art which can be used as braking wire rope take-up systems including
means for controlled release and rewinding of the braking wire ropes
wherein mechanical, hydraulic or electromagnetic elements may be
included to accomplish the objects of braking and rewinding. The
sole purpose of the detailed construction of the braking wire ropes
take-up systems included in the embodiments shown in Figures 1-9
is to demonstrate the objects and the feasibility of accomplishing
such objects. It is quite obvious that the sky-slide system may
be used as a device for training sky-divers and paratroopers.
While the principles of the present invention have now been
made clear by the illustrative embodiments, there will be
immediately obvious to the skilled in the art many modifications
of the arrangements, elements, proportion, structures and
materials particularly adapted to the specific working environment
and operating conditions in the practice of the invention without
departing from those principles.
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