Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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BACKGROUND OF THE I-vENrrIoN
The older practice of installing a main pipe line, such
as a main sewer line, and including at selected spaces connecting
subassemblies for side or branch pipe lines, such as side sewers
or laterals, is essentially no longer followed. This is true
because it has been found to be easier and lower in cost to later
excavate and to then tap, i.e. tie into, the main with a lateral,
than to spend time in locating the previously buried branch stubs,
i.e. the connecting subassemblies. Therefore, there have been
comparatively recent inventions directed at providing the connect-
ing subassemblies, such as:
The Pioneer sewer saddle manufactured by Hersey
Products, Inc., 250 Elm Street, Dedham, Massachusetts 02026, which
includes a cast iron saddle especially formed to receive a lateral
and to fit the curvature of a main, with this casting being liquid
tight itself and being sealed to the lateral by an M-ring and
sealed to the main by using a mastic sealer on its contoured sur-
faces abutting the main. Liquid tight castings of many sizes must
be stocked and handled;
The Daigle D-50 Universal sewert saddle manufactured
by Daigle Aqua, Inc., P.O.Box 984, Plattsburgh, New York 12901,
also requires a liquid tight casting which receives an O-ring for
sealing about the exterior surface of a branch pipe, i.e. a
lateral, and utilizes an especially formed gasket positioned
between the liquid tight casting and outside of the main;
A sanitary sewer tapping tee, offered under the -trade-
mark Quik-Way, and disclosed in United States Pa-tent No. 3,6~3,042,
entitled, Sewer Tap, is arranged by Dwight W. Fowler to utilize
one O-ring seal to seal both around the lateral and the main, when
utilizing an especially formed curved clamping plate; and
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A connection assembly bel.ween a lateral and a sewer
pipe is disclosed by Albert J. Jones in his United Sta-tes Patent
No. 3,406,988 wherein he uses an elastic sleeve to serve in seal-
ing both the lateral and the main sewer pipes. This elastic
sleeve is inserted into a hole in the main and about the lateral.
A tubular wedge is inserted inside the elastic sleeve where it is
inserted into the hole in the main. A hose clamp is tightened
about the exterior of the elastic sleeve improving its seal about
the lateral.
Although all of these comparatively recent inventions
are recognized for their merits they represent connecting sub-
assemblies which require a reasonably high level of skill to be
exercised by their installers. For example the sewer tap illustra-
ted in United States Patent No. 3,663,042, was known to be wrongly
installed with the lateral extending into the interior of the main.
Moreover, even though the initial installation might have been
correct, because of the lack of a posi':ive stop or abutment, sub-
sequent earth movements have been known to cause the unwanted entry
of the end of the lateral into the main. Moreover on certain
larger installations the end of the lateral had to be contoured
to avoid its entry into the main. Such contouring is often done
at the job site. However, some manufacturers contour the ends of
the laterals in the factory, which adds to the cost of the branch
pipes. Also because contoured end pipes are needed, they must be
timely and especially ordered and often stocked, thereby adding
to the overall costs of these installations. The insert placed
inside the elastic sleeve of Albert Jones' connection joint, shown
in United States patent No. 3,406,988, is believed to require a
high level of skill to insure the correct initial placement and
the continued correct placement of this inserted called a tubular
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wedge. Both the inner ends of the tubular wedge and elastic sleeve
are ~ormed essentially alike so they will not enter into the
interior of the main. Their precise placements are critical. In
the Pioneer sewer saddle and the Daigle sewer saddle, especially
formed castings which must be liquid -tight are utilized. For these
and other reasons, there remained a need to provide yet another
liquid piping saddle assembly to connect a branch pipe to a main
pipe, i.e. a lateral to a main.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A liquid piping saddle assembly is provided in just a
few embodiments with several interchangeable parts to enable
comparatively lesser skilled persons to reliably and sealably
connect a branch pipe to a main pipe, i.e. a lateral to a main.
In respect to few embodiments, one set of saddle assemblies are
directed to four inch laterals, which may be connected to mains
having an outside diameter as small as 6.275 inches and as large
as 25 inches, and another set of saddle assemblies, are directed
to six inch laterals, which may be connected to mains having an
outside diameter as small as 8.3 inches and as large as 25 inches.
The respective integral gaskets of elastomers which
have the integral smaller and larger hollow cylinder are respecti-
vely formed to match the four and six inch laterals and the
respective size ranges of the mains. Also these gaskets are formed
to receive lateral clay pipe in one embodiment using a hose clamp
and in another embodiment to receive lateral PVC, C.I., soil, or
A.C.M.E. pipes using semicircular internal integral ribs.
The castings with integral, upwardly sloping, spaced
opposite ears, are not required to be fluid tight and have no
compound and/or other complicated matchable curved surfaces. Only
two sizes of castings are needed. One larger size, equipped with
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an integral flange, fits the six inch diameter laterals, and the
smaller size, without an integral flange, fits the four inch
diameter laterals.
The tee-headed bolts have one single bar head welded to
a metal strap and -the other spaced dual bar head welded in part to
the bolt and then slidably secured to the metal strap. Upon
installation, the strap, after passing under the main is then
threaded through the spaced bar head, and thereafter bent back
alongside itself and adjacent the exterior of the main, to be
locked into placed, as the nuts are tightened against the washers
and against the integral sloping spaced opposite integral ears of
the casting.
All the gaskets of elastomer have an interior circular
abutment to stop the endwise insertion of the lateral to keep i-t
from entering the interior of the main. This abutment is positioned
so the inserted end of the lateral does not have to be contoured to
match the hold in the main. The outside abutment positions the
casting at the preferred spaced distance away from the main. The
circular ends of the larger diameter integral portions of the
gasket all have an inside diameter as large as the diameter of any
hole to be made in the main to connect a lateral.
These circular ends are especially contoured on opposi
tely spaced edges to match in some degree the exterior surface of
the main. In connecting the gaskets -to smaller diameter mains
there is little or no distortion of the gasket adjacent the main.
However in connecting the gaskets of elastomer to the larger diameter
mains, there is distortion, with the distortion increasing as the
main sizes become larger with respect to specified interconnections
between laterals and mains.
At all -times, the especially contoured end, of the
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larger hollow cylinder of the gasket o~ elastomer wh:ich is to abut
the main about a hole made in the main to receive the liquid flow
from the lateral, commences in a surface, wherein any imaginative
transverse line in the surface always lies in a geometric plane
which is perpendicular to the common centerline of the gasket,
casting and the lateral. With this contoured gasket end of the
larger hollow cylinder of the gasket contacting the exterior of
the main, as the nuts are tightened and the strap is drawn tight,
there is a resulting bulging of the gasket of elastomer, which is
very observable, especially as the lateral is connected to a larger
main. In this way, one embodiment of a gasket of elastomer may be
used to make the sealed contact with a main, which is one pipe
size of many pipe sizes in a wide range of sizes.
In respect to the bulging of this elastometric contoured
larger hollow cylinder of the gasket, its bulging capability is
assured via its overall design. As -the inside circular edge of
the gasket first contacts the main, the overall compressive load
transmitted through the gasket first commences at an axially offset
locate at the main, i.e. around the inside circular edge of the
gasket, thereby causing a bending force in the gasket walls at this
circular location. This bending force, causing a side loading.
coupled with the continuing compressive force, creates the bending
of the larger hollow cylinder walls into a bulge, which becomes
more noticeable as the laterals are being connected to larger
diameter mains. The walls of the larger hollow cylinder, as viewed
to one side or the other side in a cross section, such as in Figures
2 and 6, are relatively long in comparison to their thickness.
This larger hollow cylinder sometimes referred -to as the skirt has
the contoured end which undergoes the bulging, and has its other
end arranged in an axial plane. By such bulging action all the
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imaginative transverse lines in the contoured surface of -the gaske-t
come into contact with the outer surface of the main, about the
hole in the main, which receives the liquid flow from the lateral.
A contractor, in following this newer practice under-
taken by him or another contrac-tor of installing a main pipe line
without pre-existing branch partial connections, when later install-
ing branch lines, i.e., laterals, knows what size of laterals and
what kind of laterals will be used. He therefore pre-selects the
best embodiments of this liquid piping saddle assembly he needs,
and then assisted by others, often less skilled, ably connects the
laterals to the mains. His supply of embodiments, and parts thereof,
or his supplier's supply of embodiments and parts thereof, need
not be as extensive in respect to so many detailed si~es and con-
figurations of respective components, for this liquid piping saddle
assembly, in its fewer embodiments, meets all the requirements of
making excellent liquid tight connections, which remain flexible
and sealed, at all times, even when earth settles about the piping.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of this liquid piping saddle
assembly connecting a branch pipe to a main pipe are illustrated
in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is an exploded isometric view of the overall
liquid piping saddle assembly to be fitted abou-t a smaller brach
pipe, i.e. lateral, and a comparatively small but larger main pipe,
i.e. main;
Figure 2 is a side elevational view, partially in cross
section, of the liquid piping saddle assembly shown in Figure 1,
with some of the parts being assembled and others about to be
assembled, the lateral, i.e. branch pipe, not as yet inserted to
contact the interior semi-circle cross sectional sealing ribs and
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the interior stop of the gasket, and before tightening of the
strap;
Figure 2A is an enlarged view to show how one tee headed
threaded bolt has two spaced bars, welded toyether at -their ends
to form a slotted tee head, through which the wide strap is passed
when being adjusted in its length after passing about a main pipe
from its initial welded securement to the other tee headed threaded
bolt;
Figure 3 is a side elevational view, partially in cross
section, of the same embodiment of the liquid piping saddle
assembly shown in Figure 1, wi-th all the parts being assembled,
the lateral, i.e. branch pipe, being inserted to the interior stop
of the gasket, and the gasket of elastomer being bulgingly compressed
to seal against the exterior of a comparatively large main pipe;
Figure 4 is a side view of the gaske-t of elastomer
which creates both the seals in respect to the laterl and main
and which is liquid tight throughout its length, so the casting
which surrounds it does not have to be liquid tight;
Figure 5 is an end view of the gasket shown in Figure 4,
with respect to the end which seals against the main;
Figure 6 is a dual sectional side view of the gasket
shown on Figures 4 and 5, with the sections being taken as shown
in the preceding Figures 4 and 5, as indicated by the section lines
and symbols;
Figure 7 is an isometric view, with portions removed,
of the subassembly of the smaller casting and another embodiment
of the gasket of elastomer without interior semi-circle cross
sectioned sealing ribs, but with a reduced thickness of the smaller
hollow cylinder which is surrounded by a hose clamp to aid in
sealing about a clay pipe; and
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Figure 8 is an isometric view, wi-th portions removed,
of the sub-assembly of the larger casting having an integral
stiffening flange, and another larger embodiment of the gasket of
elastomer, having the inner semi-circle cross sect:ioned sealing
ribs and the interior abutment, which is common to all the gaskets
to stop the entry of the branch pipe, so this lateral will never
enter the interior of the main.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the drawings, throughout Figures l through 6, a pre-
ferred embodiment is illustrated of the liquid piping saddle
assembly 20, which is used in connecting a four i.nch lateral to a
main which may be in the size range of 6.275 inches to 25 inches
in diameter for many types of pipes, but generally not laterals
designated as clay pipes. In Figure 7, a preferred embodiment
22 is illustrated which is used in connecting a four inch clay
lateral to a main in the size range of 6.275 to 25 inches. In
Figure 8, a preferred embodiment 24 is illustrated which is used in
connecting a six inch lateral to a main which may be in the size
range of 8.3 inches to 25 inches in cliameter for many types of
pipes.
In Figure l, in an exploded isometric view, the overall
arrangements are illustrated of the liquid piping saddle assembly
20 in respect to its installation to direct liquids from a branch
pipe, i.e. lateral 26, into a main pipe, i.e. main 28. The
gasket 30 of elastomer is shown with its larger hollow cylinder 32
directed toward the main 28 for positioning about a hole 34 cut in
the main 28 to receive the liquid flow from the lateral 26. The
opposite in line smaller hollo~ cylinder 36 of gasket 30 is directed
to receive lateral 26. A-metal clamping ring 38, also called a
fabricated ring 38, or casting 38 is positioned to be moved over
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the outside 40 of the smaller cylincler 36. On opposite sides of
the casting 38 are respective sets of integral spaced ears 42
which slope on an incline 44. A wide strap 46 is fle~ibly curved
to fit about the main 28 and ultimately to be secured by using tee
bolts 48 and 50. The wide strap 46 is welded to tee bolt 48 using
bar 52, and it is slidably, bendably, and removably, secured to
the tee bolt 50. Two spaced bars 54, 56 welded at their ends, and
welded only by bar 54 to tee bolt 50 initially receive the wide
strap 46 between them, as shown in Figure 2A. Thereafter the wide
strap 46 is folded back alongside bar 56 when its active length
has been determined during installation of the liquid piping
saddle 20. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the foled back portion 47
of the wide strap 46 is sufficiently long to be ultimately fric-
tionally positioned between the outer surface of a respective main
pipe 28 or 29 and the wide strap 46. The turning of the nuts 58
about the respective threads 60 of the tee bolts 48 and 50, aided
by the washers 62, and utilizing the spaced ears 42 of the casting
38 eventually positions the liquid piping saddle 20 in place, and
the folded back portion 47 of the wide strap is frictionally and
0 -Eirmly held in the installed positioned illustrated in Fi~ure 3.
Figure 2 is a side view of the components, shown in
Figure 1 of the li~uid piping saddle 20 after partial assembly.
The gasket 30 is fitted about the hole 34 in the main 28 with its
larger cylinder end 32 always being positioned well clear of the
hole 34 and making a firm sealing contact with the main 28. The
contacting and sealing end 65 of the gasket 30 as particularly
shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6 is contoured, pre-shaped, or formed
during its manuEacture to match the contour of the smallest main.
Each imaginary transverse line 66 of the many side by side lines,
which in effect generate this contacting surface, are positioned in
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respective geometrical planes which are all perpendicular to the
centerline of the gasket and which are all ul-timately and conse-
quently perpendicular to the centerlines of both -the casting 30
and lateral 22, until bulging of -the gasket of elastomer occurs as
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side view of most oE the components shown
in Figures 1 and 2 but illustrating the completed installation of
the liquid piping saddle 20 to a larger main 29. The lateral 26
has been inserted into the interior 68 of the smaller cylinder 36
of gasket 30, past the semi-circular integral sealing rings 70 and
into engagement with the integral inner circular abutment or
shoulder 72, which stops the insertion of the lateral 26, and
remains clear of the potential -flow of liquids. The nuts 58 have
been tightened sufficiently to insure the specified tensioning of
the wide strap 46, which in turn causes the bulging of the larger
cylinder 32 of the gasket of elastomer 30, so the contacting and
sealing end 64 makes excellent full contact with the exterior surface
of this larger main 29.
In Figures 4, 5, and 6, the gasket 30 of elastomer is
shown by itself to illustrate its features. Throughout these
figures special section lines are used to indicate the form and
contour of the contact and sealing end 64 of the larger cylinder 32
of this gasket 30. Before the installation of the gasket 30, this
sealing end 64 surface, in respect to its derivative segments, i.e.
imaginary transverse lines 66, is always perpendicular to the
cylindrical axis or centerline of the gasket 30. The inner edge 74
of the sealing end 64 is formed, pre-shaped, or contoured -to fit
the smallest diameter main 2~3 to which the gasket 30 will be fitted
about a hole 34 well clear of liquid flows.
The axial leng-th of the larger cylinder 32 must be long
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enough to allow the bulging, illustra-ted in Figure 3, when the
liquid piping saddle 20, 22, or 24 is fitted to a la:rger maln 29
and a good seal must be obtained while still keeping the lateral
26 well spaced from the interior of the main 28. This bulging is
effective because the walls of the larger hollow cylinder 32, as
viewed at one side or the other in a cross section, such as in
Figures 2 and 6, are relatively long in comparison to their
thickness. The axial length of the smaller cylinder 36 must be
long enough to firmly support the inserted end 76 of the lateral
26. This inserted end 76 often is tapered 78, as shown in Figures
2 and 3. In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 through 6 and
in Figure 8, in the interior 68 of the smaller cylinder 36, the
integrally formed semi-circular sealing rings 70 are selectively
spaced to improve the overall sealing of the laterals 20, 24, to the
gaskets 30, 31.
Throughout all the embodiments, as illustrated in Figures
2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the gaskets 30 and 31 have the interior
circular abutment 72 formed in what may be called -the transitional
volume structure 80 of the gaskets 30, 31, between their integral
smaller hollow cylinder 36 and the larger hollow cylinder 32. The
inside diameter 82 of the abutment 72 must not be greater than the
inside diameter of the lateral to avoid any blocking of the incoming
flow of liquid, and yet be large enough to form a firm abutment 72,
to stop the entry of the inserted end 76 of the lateral 20, 22, or
24, so there will never be any obstruction to the flow of liquid
in the mains 28, 29.
Throughout all the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, all
embodiments of the gaskets 30 and 31 are shown having an integral
outer circulator abu-tment or shoulder 84 formed also in what may
be called the transitional volume structure 80 of the gaskets 30,
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31, between their integral smaller ho]low cylinder 36 and -the
larger hollow cylinder 32. The inside diame-ter 86 is substantially
the inside diameter of the castings 38, 39 and the outside diameter
88, must be large enough to provide a very Eirm compressive support
for the castings 38, 39, preferably being of greater diameter, as
illustrated in Figures 2, 3, 7, and 8. The castings 38, 39 are
fitted respectively about the exteriors of the gaskets 30, 31 and
in contact wi-th the outer circular abutment or shoulder 84. When
the tightening of wide strap 46 upon turning of the nuts 58 about
the tee bolts 48, 50, occurs, the tension forces of the strap are
reacted by the compressive forces being withstood by this integral
outer circulator abutment 84 of the respective gaskets 30, 31.
In further reference to the sizing of the smaller diameter
cylinder 36 and sizing of the larger diameter cylinder 32, the
smaller diameter cylinder 36 is the starting reference. It must
have an inside diameter to push fit the outside diameter of a
lateral, and its outside diameter must provide throughout its
length sufficient elastomer to effect an excellent fluid-tight seal.
Thereafter in continuing the sizing of the overall sizing
of the elastomeric gaskets 30 and 31, the larger diameter cylinder
32 must have an outside diameter greater than the outside diameter
of the smaller diameter cylinder 46, by an amount sufficient to
provide a shoulder 8~, i.e. an outer circulator abutment 84, i.e.
a transition, at the intersection of the cylinders 32, 36 of a
width to sufficiently bear the force necessary to sealingly
compress the elastomeric gaskets 30 or 31 to the respective main
pipes 28 or 29.
In Figure 7, another embodiment of the liquid piping
saddle 22 is shown, which is provided when connecting a four inch
lateral 26, i.e. clay pipe, to a main 28. The gasket 90 for a
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clay pipe is subs-tantially similar to the yasket 30 shown in
Figures 1 through 6, except interior 92 of the smaller cylinder
36 is smooth. Also there are no semi-circular sealing rings 70.
However to assist in making an effective seal, the thLckness of
the small cylinder 36 is reduced ancl it is surrounded by a hose
clamp 94, where it protrudes beyond the fitted casting 38. The
casting 38 is the same casting 38 used in the embodiments illustra-
ted in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
In Figure 8, another embodiment of the liquid piping
saddle 24 is shown, which is provided when connecting a six inch
lateral 26 to a main 28. The larger gasket 31 substantially is
proportioned like the smaller gaske-t 30 used in the embodiments
illustrated in Figures 1 through 7. The larger casting 39,
however, has a strengthening and stiffening flange 96, but other-
wise follows the same proportioning, including the proportioned
spaced ears 42 with their inclines 44, which help in keeping the
fastening components in place during the tensioning of the wide
strap 46.
In viewing Figures 2, 3, 7 and 8, the presence of the
integral continuous interiors of the gaskets 30, 31, 90 in con-
ducting the ~low of liquids ~rom the lateral 26 to the mains 28
or 29, indicates that -the castings 30 and 31, i.e. clamping rings,
do not contact the liquid and therefore they do not have to be
liquid tight. Also the encircling portions 98 of the castings 38,
39 are cylindrical. Their ends terminate in respective geometric
planes which are perpendicular to the centerline of the castings
30, 31, the respective gaskets 29, 30 and 90, and the respective
laterals 26. Their spaced distance away from -the mains 28, 29,
eliminate any necessity for creating compound curved surfaces of
these castings 30, 31, which otherwise might be required to match
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the contours of the mains 28, 29.
The elastomeric gaskets are permanently shaped at -the
time of their manufacture to fit only the smallest diameter main
pipe without any bulging deformation. Therefore bulging is neces-
sary in order to allow the deformation of the sealing face of the
elastomeric gaskets as connections are being made to larger dia-
meter main pipes. In respect to the considerations of the geometry
involved, the distance from the plane of tangency to the further-
most intersected points on the main decreases with the increasing
diameter of the main pipes. Therefore the longest points or portions
of the gasket, i.e. portions of the larger diameter cylinder are
too long, when being connected to larger diameter mains, having
been initially shaped at the time of manufacture to a small diameter
main. Consequently, in effect, these portions of the larger dia-
meter cylinder must be shortened and this effective shortening is
achieved by the bulging or bending of the walls of the larger
diameter cylinder to displace or to accommodate the excess length.
In all embodiments of the elastomeric gaskets, their
bulging capability to crease a seal throughout a wide range of
different diameter mains is assured, via their overall design and
their manner of installation. As initially positioned, the inside
circular edge of each gasket, first contacts the main. Thereafter,
as the overall axially compressive load is transmitted through the
gasket, it first commences at an axially offset locale at the main,
i.e. around the inside circular edge of each gasket, thereby
causing a bending force in the gasket walls at this circular loca-
tion. This bending force, causing a side loading, coupled with the
continuing compressive force creates the buIging, which becomes
more noticeable, as laterals are being connected -to-larger diameter
mains. ~ia this bulging action all the imaginative transverse lines
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in the contoured surface of the gasket come into con:tact with the
outer surface of the main about the hole in the main, which receives
the liquid flow from the lateral.
In respect to materials which are used in manufacturing
the liquid piping saddle assemblies 20, 22, 24:
The gaskets 29, 30, 90 are made from virgin Styrene-
Butadiene-Rubber aesignated as SBR compounded material for sewer
service and they meet or exceed the standards known as ASTM D 2000
3 BA715. Also the gaskets are especially formulated with antioxi-
dant and antrozanant agents to increase their life, i.e. shelf
life, etc.;
The adjustable straps 46 are made of stainless steel
which is three inches wide for spreading out the clamping forces
on the mains 28, 29. These straps are welded to the special bar
heads 52, 54, and afterwards, the stainless welds are fully passi-
vated, which means they are chemically treated after welding to
return the stainless steel to its original high corrosion resistance
and appearance. The tee bolts 48, 50, nuts 58, and washers 62 are
designated in reference to one half inch N. C. roll thread
fasteners and they are telfon coated, and
The saddle castings 38, 39, i.e. clamping rings, are
made of high tensile ductile, i.e. nodular, iron, designated at
ASTM 536-71 specified iron. These castings 38, 39 are protected by
covering them with a yellow corrosion resistant paint.
In partial summary of the many advantages previously
referred to or indicated, the following advantages are stated:
In respect to comparative inventory reduction, these
gaskets of elastomer 30, 31, 90, each fit a wide range of diameters
of mains 28, 29. For example four inch gaskets for four inch
laterals fit all mains from 6.275 to 25.80 inches in diameter;
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In respec-t to ease of installation, these liquid pip:ing
saddles 20, 22, 24 can be installed by compara-tively unskilled
laborers, using a socket or open end wrench. The built in stop,
i.e. the integral inner circular abutment 72 of all the gaske-ts
29, 30 and 90 prevents flow blockages in the mains 28, 29 which
could otherwise be caused by the inadvertent insertion of the
lateral 26, i.e. branch pipe, into a main pipe 28, 29;
In respect to a superior strap, it is made oE a strong
stainless steel band which is gas metal arc welded to rolled thread
stainless bolts that are adjustable over a wide thread range, as
the overall clamping force is well distributed by this three inch
wide strap 46;
In respect to flexibility, the one piece molded elasto-
meric gaskets 29, 30 and 90, of the overall assembled liquid piping
saddle assemblies after their installation are ready, if necessary,
to accommodate the deflections, which may occur between the laterals
26 and the mains 28, 29, that are caused by earth movements. More-
over, any other tendencies to displace the components of these
liquid piping saddle assemblies 20, 22, 24, are strongly resisted
by the friction forces of the large sealing surfaces of the gaske-ts
30, 31, 90, and by the holding forces of the wide band or strap 46.
In respect to reliability, the continuous connection
of the rubber elastomeric gaskets 29, 30, between the mains 28, 29
and the laterals 26, i.e. between the rim and branch, eliminates
potential leak spots or locations. These liquid piping saddle
assemblies 20, 22, 24, are successfully tested to pressures well
in excess of typical service test requirements.
In respect -to the castings serving as the metal clamping
rings, 38, 39, especially only the two sizes are needed. They
do not have to be liquid tight and they do not involve compound
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curve contours. Their spaced ears, in opposi-te side pairs, having
their inclined washer receiving sur~aces, help to keep the loose
fasteners in place, as the strap is tensioned during ins-tallations
of the liquid piping saddle assemblies to position la-terals 26
along mains 28, 29. These metal clamping rings 38, 39, may be
also fabricated by cutting, rolling and welding steel plates into
metal cylinders 38, 39 and ~orming and welding on the spaced ears
42 having the inclined sur~aces 44.
