Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
l'~S;~
The presen-t inven-tlon relates to a fertilizer with
long-term effect and programmed release of nu-trients for use in
one single application at the beginnin~ o plant growth and suf-
ficient for the plant needs in one cultivation period wherein the
flow of nutrien-ts begins selectively only after irrigation of the
substrate and fertilizer mixture providing after one-time appli-
cation an initial delivery, then a continuous delivery, and fi-
nally a terminal delivery of nutrient as well as a process for
its manufacture and use.
Optimum nutrition of cultivated plants must make use of
the fact that every crop (species, strain) has a specific demand
in regard to quality and quantity of the nutrients. In general,
young plants are more sensitive to salts than older ones. As
development continues, different demands on the type and amount
of individual macro- and micronutrients occur.
Thus, it is horticultural practice today to apply the
entire amount of fertilizer required for a certain growing period
in partial amounts. This is done because it is desirable and
possible by this method to adjust the application for the fertil-
izer as exactly as possible to the specific needs of the crop,
avoid damaging concentrations of salts and deficiency situations,
and, finally, minimize fertilizer losses. It is recognized prac-
tical knowledge that many partial doses of YariouS compositionsmust therefore be applied for optimum crop growing.
In this connection, it turns out that liquid fertiliz-
ers appear especially,suitable for hothouse crops. The reasons
for this are fully flexible controllability, possibility of fine
adjustment of salt conc~ntrations and nutrient requirements spe-
cific to the need. The gardener ad~usts "manually" as exactly as
possible to the optimum ranges he knows for optimum nutrition of
the plants.
Nevertheless, fluctuations in the supply of nutrients
-- 5 --
. .
cannot be precluded wi-th -this discontlnuous method of manual fer-
tilization. The higher the number of subsequent fertilizer
applications, the more work-intensive the methods.
- 5a -
~i ~
. . .LZS`2~
As an alternative, costly and deli~a~e equipment is used for
the application of the fertilizers. Operation and maintenance
require a high level of training and high costs.
Fertilizers that release nutrients on the basis of various
mechanisms were developed to achieve an even supply of nutrients
throughout the entire period of vegetation or parts thereof.
However, all these formulations have in common the fact that
none of them is able to provide the plant with an optimum
supply of nutrients throughout the entire cultivation period
from one applicatio,n (mixed into the substrate) at the begin-
ning of plant growth.
Either the young-plant stage is the aim of the fertilizer
formula, with an inadequate supply of nutrients during the
main period of growth, or the formula is designed for the
main period and the young plant is undersupplied. Moreover,
no fertilizer at present is able to satisfy special nutritional
demands of the plant, which only appear during the growth
period.
~5
Undernourishment of the young plant means a sluggish starting
period in the first four weeks and leads to "lost growing time".
A special problem of slow-releas2 fertilizers of the kind found
on the market today is the still largely unanswered question
of how to supply the crops with trace elements and magnesium
from such formulas~ This problem is particularly serious since
sure plant nutrition is only possible with an even supply of
adequate quantities of harmoniously composed trace-element
mixtures and magnesium. The flow of these mixtures must be
coordinated with the rate of flow of the other nutrients.
Fertilizers that meet these requirements have been unknown
hitherto.
1~25Zt;~3
Therefore, the present invention provides a fertili~er
which releases all the controllable, essential plant nutrients to
the plants in accordance with their needs and at different rates,
the release speed and distribution of each of these nutrients
being controllable differently and separately from all the
others, the entire supply of nutrients being consumed by the end
of the growth period.
According to the present invention there is provided
a fertilizer with long-term activity and programmed delivery of
nutrients, for use in one single application at the beginning of
plant growth and sufficient for the plant needs in one cultiva-
tion period wherein the flow of nutrients begins selectively only
after irrigation of t~e substrate and fertilizer mixture provid-
ing after one-time application an initial delivery, then a con-
tinuous delivery, and finally a terminal delivery of nutrients,
comprising at least one interior layer and at least one envelop-
ing layer each interior layer consisting essentially of nutrient
means selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen,
nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium,
sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chlorine, boron, molybde-
num, sodium, silicon, cobalt and aluminum and contained in com-
pound form, and each enveloping layer consisting essentially of
enveloping means selected from of water-repellent means, means
difficulty soluble in water or means swelling in water, said
enveloping means selected from the group consisting of paraffins,
waxes, metal soaps, quaternary ammonium compounds, fat-modified
artificial resin, urea derivatives, melamine derivatives,
polysiloxane, fluorocarbon polymerizate, alginate, gelatin,
casein, polysaccharides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetate,
polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylate, clay miner-
als, metal oxides, metal phosphates, polyphosphates and metal
silicates, each said enveloping means sheathing completely a
single interior layer, thereby providing a controllable setting-
free of said nutrient means, the water-repellant substance coat-
ing the nutrients with a layer that is 10-~ to 1o~2 thick and the
subs-tance difficultly soluble in water or swells in water coating
the nu-trients wi-th a layer -that is 10-~6 to 10-,2~ thlck.
In accordance with the invention there is provided a
fertilizer which contains, in partially or completely coated
form, all the plant nutrients re~lired for the nutrition of
plants during a certain cultivation period.
In preferred embodiments of this fertilizer they con-
tain as nutrients carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,
zinc, chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and/or
aluminum in the form of their compounds, the nutrients are coated
with water-repellant substances from the group of paraffins,
waxes, metal soaps, quaternary ammonium compounds, urea deriva--
tives, resins modified with fatty acids, sillcones and/or perflu-
orinated organic compounds, the water-repellant substance is iron
palmitate, the nutrients are coated with substances which are
difficultly soluble in water or which swell in water and which
come from the group of polymers with water-wetting groups,
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~ 3
the substances which are difficulty soluble in water or which
swell in water are polymers with water-wetting groups, the water-
wetting groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkylester, cyano, chloro
or fluoro groups, the substances which are difficulty soluble in
water or swell in ~later are polyvin~l alcohols, preferably with a
residual acetyl con-tent of 10 %, the nutrients are coated with
substances of low solubility in water from the group of inorganic
compounds, the compound of low water-solubility is iron phosphate
or calcium phosphate, the nutrients are coated with substances
which are difficulty soluble in water and/or which swell in water
and which belong to the group of polymers with water-wetting
groups or to the group of inorganic compounds, and with water-
repellant substances from the group of paraffins, waxes, metal
soaps, ~uaternary ammonium compounds, urea derivatives, resins
modified with fatty acids, silicones and/or perfluoroinated or-
ganic compounds, the water-repellant substance coats the nutri-
ents with a layer that is 10~8m to 10~2m thick, preferably 1. 10-
6m to 2 10~3m, and the substance which is difficulty soluble in
water or swells i~ water coats the nutrients with a layer that is
10~6m to 10~2m thick, preferably 5, 10~5m to 2 10~3m.
The present invention also provides a process for the
programmed, long-term release of nutrients for plants grown in
soil, by the introduction of fertilizers into the soil, in ~hich
the above fertilizers designated above are used, the flow of
nutrients depending on the respective development and/or needs of
the plants.
The present invention furthermore provides a process
for the programmed, long-term release of nutrients for plants
grown in substrates, by the introduction of the designated
fertilizers into the substrates, in which the flow of nutrients
begins selectively only after irrigation of the substrate and
fertilizer mixtures.
l~S2~;~3
In a preferred embodlments of this process the flow of
nutrients begins selectively only after irrigation of the
substrate and fertilizer mixtures; one single application of fer~
tilizer at the beginning of plant growth is sufficient for the
respective needs of the plant in one cultivation period; the
controlled release is ad~usted to the nutrient demands and/or
development of the plants so that overfertilization and/or imper~
missible elutriation losses are avoided; the fertilizers are used
individually or in mixtures.
~ g _
,.,, 1~5
- 10 -
S The fertilizer in accordance with the invention is surprisingly
able to provide the plant with any desired nutrient in the con-
centration necessary from time to time and at any time during
growth.
Therefore, the fertilizer provided by the invention has the
special advantage that the so-called starting dose, permanent
dose and time dose are guaranteed in one programmed sequence
with a single application.
The starting dose, in this connection, is understood as being
the application of a nutrient or nutrient mixture which, with-
out further treatment, guarantees the initial development of
the plant as regards the correct supply of all necessary nu-
trients in terms of type and quantity, and this in consideration
(utilization~ of the respective crop's salt tolerance.
Permanent dose means the application of a pretreated nutrient
or nutrient mixture which provides the plant with an even sup-
ply of nutrients from the beginning of the application on.
In the case of the time dose a correspondingly pretreated nu-
trient or nutrient mixture is applied which is not available
to the plant until a defined later date.
This programmed release of fertilizer is accompanied by many
advantages which cannot be achieved through the use of known
fertilizers.
Thus, for example, the fertilizing can be carried out as
needed in as ~uch as the reIease of nutrients is adjusted
to the peak and zero needs of the plantsj which is not pos-
sible with any of the known fertilizers!..
Zt;~;~
~,
-~J~ e .~ t,~s f~ i tl -
This permits ~ s-~is~-~ inJoptimum fashion the
plants' varying need for nutrients during a cultivation
period, so that damage~ to the plants due to overfertili-
zation in times of high plant sensitivity or inadequate
growth due to the supply of inadequate quantities of nu-
trients in times of maximum demand are advantageouslyavoided.
Furthermore, the controlled release of nutrients that can
be achieved with the fertilizer provided by the invention
has the advantage of fully exploiting the plants' yield
potential, even in unfavorable climatic conditions or on
soils with low fertility.
Furthermore, the controlled release of the nutrient flow
achieved with the fertilizer provided by the invention
permits to satisfy in optimum fashion the changing needs
of a special crop for forms and concentrations of nutrients,
and this with a single total quantity of fertilizer aDplied when
sowing or potting the plants, which means that there is no
need for subsequent applications, which are risky, tlme-con-
suming and ineffective if the scheduling is wrong.
Furthermore, the controlled release of the nutrients achieved
with the fertilizer provided by the invention per-
mits to introduce fertilizers into the substrates long be-
fore their use,without having to reckon from the beginning
with high active s~lt contents, as the salts are only activated
through irrigation of the substrates when utilisation begins,
which means that salt shocks and~or salt damages can be avoided.
- 12 -
- 12 -
The following can be used as fertilizers in' the sense of
the invention:
- fertilizer powders
- crystalline fertilizers
- granulated fertilizers
- coated granulated fertilizers
- fertilizer sticks
- encapsulated fertilizer solutions and/or fertilizer suspensions
The aforementioned,fertilizers can be in the form of:
- mineral single-nutrient fertilizers
- mineral multinutrient fertilizers
- organic-mineral fertilizers
- organic fertilizers
- trace nutrients
- combination of the~aforementioned components.
Included are fertilizers that have been pretreated in any
way such as fertilizers with a delayed release of plant
nutrients, of which salts of low solubility, polymeric nu-
trient compounds and nutrients bound to natural and synthetic
carriers are to be named as examples.
The fertilizer provided by the invention is manufactured in
a way known as such,, for example, by placing the fertilizer
to be influenced in its release of nutrients in accordance
with the invention in a device ~uitable for the respective
type of treatment, such as a rotary drum, a granulator or a
- - ~ - lZ5~ 3
- 13 -
S fluidizer and mixing it with the treating agent in such a
way that the fertilizer is coated with a complete and suf-
ficiently even layer of the desired thickness, or ~y placing
the treating agent in a suitable device, such as a rotary
drum or a granulator and adding the fertilizer to be influenced
in its release of nutrients in accordance with the invention
so that the fertilizer is covered with a complete and suf- -
ficiently even layer of the desired thickness.
The following individual substances can be used as water~-
`~ '15 repellant substances and/or substances that are ~l~ soluble
in water or which swell in water:
paraffins, expediently with a melting point of 40 to 250 ~C,
preferably hard paraffin with a melting point higher than 55 C;
waxes, such as beeswax, spermaceti, carnauba wax;
metal soaps such as Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Zr or Al salts
of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid,
or oleic acid, preferabl~ Mg, Ca, Fe, Al or Zr salts of
palmitic acid;
quaternary ammonium compounds such as octadecyloxymethylpyridine
chloride or N-methyl-N-stearo~lamidomethylene pyridine chloride;
fat-modified synthetic resins; such as condensates of pre-
concentrated monododecyl-urea-formaldehyde or hexamethylol-
melamine ether modified with lauric acid, palmitic acid and/or
stearic acid;
lZ~
~ 14 -
urea derivatives such as octadecylethylene urea;
melamine derivatives;
polysiloxanes such as hydrogen methylpolysiloxane and
dimethylpolysiloxane;
fluorocarbon polymerisates such as 1,1-dihydroperfluoroctyl-
polyacryl acid ester;
alginates, such as potassium alginate;
gelatins;
casein;
polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, cellulose derivatives
such as ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and their
mixtures, pectins, xanthanes;
polyvinyl alcohols;
polyvinyl acetates;
polyvinyl ethers;
polyvinyl pyrollidones;
polyacrylates;
clay minerals such'as bentonite,~, illite, attapulgite; metal
oxides such as iron oxide hydrate, magnesium oxide; metal
phosphates such as calcium phosphate, iron phosphate;
polyphosphates such as Kurrol's saLt;
metal silicates such as silicate of potassium;
- 15 -
,~
~S~ 3
- 15 ~
preferably partially saponified polyvinylacetates, gelatins,
iron oxide hydrates, calcium phosphate.
The layers are applied in thicknesses of 10 8m to 10 2m, in
particular 1 10 6m to ~ 10 3m.
The treating agents are applied as singl~ components alone,
in solution or as an emulsion and likewise combined to form
a multiple-component system.
It is advantageous to use the fertilizer provided by the invention
in the form of a mixed granulate.
Agglomeration granulates, pressed granulates (splints, pel-
lets), natural crystals etc. can be used as the granulate form.
As mentioned above, all chemical compounds with a fertilizing
effect can be used as the chemical components. This includes,
in particular, all known inorganic salts containing N-P-K
and trace elements, metal chelates, trace elements in other
organic bonds, urea aldehyde condensates, urea phosphate,
carbohydrates, proteins, peptides and amino acids.
~s regards the flow properties the following classification
is advantageous:
1. Compoundswith a high rate of solution in water.
2. Compoundswith a more or less high rate of solution due to
their chemical properties, examples being calcium-magnesium
phosphates, silicates, carbonates and urea aldehyde con-
densates.
i~S~3
16
3. Compounds whose solubility can be influenced by physical
treatment, for example by
impregnation,
imbedding in a matrix of synthetic
resin~and
coating with synthetic resins.
The aforementioned physical processes can be applied to the
granulates of the individual compounds as well as to their
mixtures. When these possible treatments are applied, the exact
beginning and the subsequent duration of effect can be select-
ively determined for every nutrient relevant to plant nutrition.
Finally, the basic granulates treated in this fashion are
combined to form a final mixture, whose fertilizing effect
can be precisely adjusted to the specific needs of a special
crop and/or group of crops. This means that with the invention
it is now possible for the first time to program a compound
fertilizer in such a way that it can quite selectively meet
varying nutrition needs at varying stages of development.
The following examples serve to explain the invention:
l;~S~
- 17 -
E x a m P l e 1: Manufacture of the starting dose
The ingredients (e.g. rec.~ 1, rec.* 2, rec.* 3, rec.* 4) of
the fertilizer starting dose to be manufactured are mixed
homogeneously with each other in the form of fine crystals or
powder (max. grain size 1 mm). This mixture is compacted in
roll presses to form scabs. The scabs are crushed and frac-
tionated. The starting dose results in the form of the ac-
ceptable grain fraction with a grain size of 1.5 to 4 mm.
5 Table 1: Exemplary compositions of fertilizer starting doses
with emphasis on phosphates and variation of forms
of nitrogen as well as emphasis on nitrogen.
Inqredients (in %) Rec.* 1 Rec.* 2 Rec.* 3 Rec.* 4
Ammonium nitrate - 6.1 9.5
Urea condensate - - - 36.9
Urea 5.0 - ~ 3-3
Monoammonium phosphate38.0 38.0 20.5
Diammonium phospnate 9.2 9.2 23.1 9.0
Potassium nitrate10.010.0 13.0 12.0
Potassium sulfate10.8 9.8 13.0 13.5
Magnesium phosphate 21.3 21.3 - 17.1
Magnesium sulfate1.0 1.0 17.1 3.0
Trace elements 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.8
Auxiliary materials 1.5 1.4 - 0.8
N-P2O5-K2O-MgO , 10-34-10-812-25-12-5
ratio 10-34-9-8 19-10-12-7
* Rec. = Recipe
- 18 -
- lZS2~;~3
- 18 -
E x a m p l e 2: Manufacture of the permanent dose
.
The ingredients (for example Rec.* 5, Rec.* 6, Rec.* 7, Rec.* 8,
Rec.* 9, Rec.* 10) of the permanent fertilizer dose to be manu-
factured are crushed as described in example 1 or in another
way. The acceptable grain fraction is mixed in a fluidizer with
a varnish mixture dissolved in white spiritand based on drying
oil until the rate of solution of the nutrients is reduced to
the desired amount.
5 Table 2: Exemplary composition of permanent fertilizer doses:
nitrogen-phosphate-potassium balanced with magnesium,
balanced nitrogen-potassium,emphasized nitrogen,
emphasized potassium, nitrogen-potassium balanced
with phosphate, nitrogen-potassium balanced with
magnesium.
Inaredients (in %) Rec.* 5, Rec.* 6 Rec.* 7 P~c.* 8 P~c.* 9 P~c.* 1
Ammonium nitrate34.0 45.0 79.3 10.0 45.0
Ammonium sulfate - 7.8 - 17.2
Urea - - _ _ _ 44 4
Diammonium phosphate 26.0 - - - 10.0
Potassium nitrate - 35.0 20.722.8 26.5 32.6
Potassium sulfate 34.0 12.2 50.0 18.5 10.5
Maqnesium sulfate 6.0 - - - - 12.5
N-P2O5-K2O MgO 1714-17-2 30~0 9 21-~21
ratio 22-0-22 10-0-35 25~-20-
* Rec. = Recipe
-- 1 9 --
E x a m P 1 e 3: Manu acture o~ the time dose
The ingredients (e.g. Rec.* 11, Rec.* 12, Rec.* 13, Rec.* 14,
Rec.* 15) of the fertilizer time dose to be manufactured are
provided with a basic coat as described in examples 1 and 2
or in another fashion. The granulates pretreated in this
manner are mixed in a fluidizer or rotary drum with an aqueous
coating solution or suspension, the main ingredients of which
are water-soluble substances or substances which swell in
water such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,
cellulose ether, gelatins, polysaccharides, alginates etc.
Finally, the coating is provided with a waterproofing finish
such as paraffins, waxes, calcium and iron soaps, fat-modified
urea formaldehyde condensates, siloxanes, etc. The type and
amount of coating is determined by the point in time at which
the even release of the nutrients is required.
Table 3: Exemplary composition of fertili~er time doses:
nitrogen-phosphate-potassium balanced with magnesium,
emphasized nitrogen with phosphate and potassium,
balanced nitrogen-potassium,
emphasized nitrogen with potassium and magnesium,
emphasized potassium.
.
~ Rec. = Recipe
1~$~3
- 20
Inaredients (in %) Rec.* 11 Rec.* 12 Rec.* 13 Rec.* 14 Pec.*15
.
Ammonium nitrate 30.1 55.6 45.0 - 24.7
Ammonium sulfate 3.8 11.7 - ~ 4.3
Diammonium phosphate 3.2 9.0
Monoammonium phosphate 17.4 - - -
Urea 5.5 - - 65.4
Potassi~m sulfate 33~2 23.7 8.3 - 71.0
Potassium nitrate - - 46.7 22.0
Magnesium sulfate ~ - - 12.6
Magnesium phosphate 3.0
Maqnesium oxide3.8
N-P2O5-~2O-MgO14-13-16-4 22-0-25 10-0-35
ratio 23-~12 3~0-10-4
* Rec. = Recipe
- 21 -
E x a m p_1 e 4: Manufacture of fertilizer mixture speci ic
to crop
The fertilizers separately manufactured in accordance with
Example 1, 2 and 3 are mixed in a vessel - e.g. Nauta mixer,
rotary drum - in such a way that damage of the granulate sur-
faces is avoided. The mixing time depends on the mixing machine
and the ratio of the individual component quantities. The
mixing ratios of the individual ingredients are to be set by
correlating plant need and the supply curve. The variations in
the supply curve of three defined fertilizer components are
given in Tables 4 and 5.
The following have been selected as exemplary mixture components:
20A. Starting
dose: Rec.* 4: 19-10-12-7 (2 - 4 mm)
B. Permanent
dose: Rec.* 9: 21-5-21 (2 - 4 mm), 94 %
+ 6 % coating with drying oil varnish dissolved
in a 50 % white spirit solution, produced
in a fluidizer,
C. Time dose: Re-.* 15: 10-0-35 (2 - 4 mm), 50 ~
+ 4 ~ basic coating, drying oil varnish dis-
solved in a 50 % white spirit solution,
produced in the fluidizer,
+46 % time coat consistins~of
45.5 % time coat of a 50 % aqueous disper-
sion, produced in the rotary drum
comprising
-binding agent: 3 parts
(sugar : PE wax = 2 : 1)
-swelling substances: 1.5 parts
(cellulose ether : polyvinyl
alcohol : starch = 2 : 1 : 3)
-waterproofing agent: 1 part
(Ca stearate)
and
-filler: 1 part
(silicic acid)
and
0.5 ~ finish, dry Ee palmitate, produced
Rec. = Recipe in the rotary drum.
- 22 -
J~2S~
Table 4: Varlation in the supply curve with 10 % starting dose
and variation in residual amount of fertilizer between permanent
dose and time dose
Mixing Ratio - Start : Permanent : Time
Days 1:0:9 1:1:~ 1:2:7 1:3:6 1:4:5 1:5:4 1:6:3 1:7:2 1:8:1 1:9:0
% % % % 96 ~6 % % % %
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 8.00 9.64 11.28 12.92 14.56 1~.20 17.84 19.48 21.12 22.76
8 2.08 4.166.24 8.32 10.40 12.48 14.56 16.64 18.72 ~0.80
12 1.00 2.604.20 5.80 7.40 9.00 10.60 12.20 13.80 15.40
16 1.17 2.243.31 4.38 5.45 6.52 7.59 8.66 9.73 10.80
20 1.89 2.563.23 3.90 4.57 5.24 5.91 6.58 7.25 7.92
24 3.78 3.964.1~ 4.32 4.50 4.68 4.86 5.04 5.22 5.40
28 5.22 5.1~5.02 4.92 4.82 4.72 4.62 4.52 4.42 4.32
32 7.11 6.686.25 5.82 5.39 4.96 4.53 4.10 3.67 3.24
36 9.36 8.567.76 ~.96 6.16 5.36 4.56 3.76 2.96 2.16
40 11.25 10.16 9.07 7.98 ~.89 5.80 4.71 3.62 2.53 1.44
44 12.78 11.52 10.26 g.oo 7.74 6.~8 5.22 3.96 2.70 1.44
48 11.61 10.44 9.27 8.10 6.93 5~76 4.59 3.42 2.27 1.08
52 9.72 8.767.80 ~.84 5.88 4.92 3.96 3.00 2.04 1.08
56 6.03 5.444.85 4.26 3.67 3.08 2.49 1.90 1.31 0.72
60 4.14 3.763.38 3.00 2.~7 2.24 1.86 1.48 1.10 0.72
64 2.97 2.682.39 2.10 1.81 1.52 1.23 0.94 0.65 0.36
6~ 1.53 1.401.27 1.14 1.01 0.88 0.75 0.62 ~.49 0.36
72 0.36 0.320.28 0.24 0~20 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.00
76 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3~ Components: Permanent dose with maximum release at 10th day,
manufactured in accordance with Example 2.
Time dose with maximum release at 44th day,
manufactured in conformity with Example 3.
Table 5: Variation in the supply curve with 20 % starting dose
and variation residual amount of fertilizer between permanent
- 22 -
s~
dose and time dose
Mixing Ratio - Start : Permanent : Time
Days 2:0:8 2:1:7 2:2:6 2:3:5 2:4:4 2:5:3 2:6:2 2:7:1 2:8:0
% % % % ~ % % ~ ~
00.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
416.00 17.6419.28 20.9222.5624.2025.8427.4829.12
83.76 5.847.92 10.~012.0814.1616.24 18.3220.40
121.20 2.80 4.40 6.007.609.20 10.80 12.4014.00
161.04 2.11 3.18 4.255.326.39 7.46 8.53 9.60
201.68 2.35 3.02 3.694.365.03 5.70 6.37 7.04
243.36 3.54 3.72 3.90~.084.26 4.44 4.62 4.80
284.64 4.54 4.4~ 4.344.24~.14 4.04 3.94 3.8~
326.32 5.89 5.'46 5.034.604.17 3.74 3.31 2.88
368.32 7.52 6.72 5.925.124.32 3.52 2.72 1.92
4010.00 8.91 7.82 6.735.644.55 3.46 2.37 1.28
44 11.36 10.00 8.847.586.32 5.06 3.80 2.54 1.28
481~.32 9.15 7.98 6.815.644.47 3.30 2.13 0.96
528.64 7.68 6.72 ~.764.803.84 2.88 1.92 0.96
565.36 4.77 4.18 3.593.002.41 1.82 1.23 0.64
603.68 3.30 2.92 ~.542.161.78 1.40 1.02 0.64
642.64 2.35 2.06 1.771.481.19 0.90 0.61 0.32
681.36 1.23 1.10 0.970.8~0.71 0.58 0.45 0.32
720.32 0.28 0.2~ 0.200.160.12 0.08 0.04 0.00
760.00 0.00 0.0~ 0.000.000.00 0.~0 0.00 0.00
components: Permanent dose with maximum release at 10th day,
manufactured in accordance with Example 2.
Time dose with maximum release at 44th day,
ma~ufactured in conformity with Example 3.
- 23 -
~ 24 ~
E x a m p l e 5 Comparison of a fertilizer in accordance
with the invention with a fertilizer of the present art in
the case of "Yellow Delaware" chrysanthemums - Table 6 - and
"Rumba" peppers. ~ubstrate test results during the cultivation
period, and sprout rating or yield are compared.
The following fertilizers of the present art were used:
Fertilizer A: Slow release fertilizer with emphasis on
young-plant nutrition, and a 20-10-15-4 ratio,
slow-release mechanism based on biological
digestion.
Fertilizer B: Slow release fertilizer with emphasis on
permanent effect, and a 15-12-15 ratio,
slow-release mechanism based on membrane coatings.
In contrast, the fertilizer in accordance with the invention
was tested with the following composition C:
Slow release fertilizer consisting of
25 % starting dose in conformity with Example 1,
Rec.* No. 4,
63 % permanent dose in conformity with Example 2,
Rec.* No. 5,
with 10 ~ coating, consistinq of a 50 % varnish
solution in white spirit based on drying oils,
produced in a rotary drum, for constant release
in 100 days,
2 % time dose in conformity with Example 3, Rec.*
No. 15, processing as described in Example 4, with
maximum release after 44 days.
A total of 10 ~ coating material is used.
* Rec. = Recipe
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-- 27 --
